InterContinental Hotels Group
Annual Report 2019

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I n t e r C o n t i n e n t a l H o t e l s G r o u p P L C A n n u a l R e p o r t a n d F o r m 2 0 - F 2 0 1 9 w w w . i h g p l c . c o m True Hospitality for everyone Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Contents 2019 key highlights Chair’s statement Chief Executive Officer’s review Industry overview Strategic Report 2 4 6 8 10 Our business model 14 Our brands 18 Our strategy 24 Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders 42 Key performance indicators (KPIs) 46 Our risk management 54 Viability statement 55 Performance 55 Key performance measures (including Non-GAAP measures) used by management 60 Group 63 Americas 66 Europe, Middle East, Asia and Africa (EMEAA) 69 Greater China Governance 78 Chair’s overview 79 Corporate Governance 79 Our Board and Committee governance structure 80 Our Board of Directors 82 Our Executive Committee 84 Board meetings 86 Director induction, training and development 86 Board effectiveness evaluation 88 Audit Committee Report 92 Corporate Responsibility Committee Report 93 Nomination Committee Report 94 Statement of compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code 96 Directors’ Remuneration Report 110 Directors’ Remuneration Policy Group Financial Statements 120 Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities Independent Auditor’s UK Report 121 128 Independent Auditor’s US Report 132 Group Financial Statements 139 Accounting policies 146 New accounting standards and presentational changes 150 Notes to the Group Financial Statements Parent Company Financial Statements 204 Parent Company Financial Statements 204 Parent Company statement of financial position 205 Parent Company statement of changes in equity 206 Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements Additional Information 214 Other financial information 221 Directors’ Report 225 Group information 237 Shareholder information 245 Exhibits 246 Form 20-F cross-reference guide 248 Glossary 250 Useful information 252 Forward-looking statements The Strategic Report on pages 2 to 75 was approved by the Board on 17 February 2020. Nicolette Henfrey, Company Secretary Sustainable growth Delivering a focused strategy designed to achieve industry-leading net rooms growth over the medium term page 18 Culture Our values, behaviours and ethical work practices are critical to IHG’s long-term success page 24 Talented people Our engaged, diverse and talented people are key to our success and delivering our purpose page 28 Our purpose is to provide True Hospitality for everyone It shapes our culture, brings our brands to life every day and ensures we grow our business in the right way for all our stakeholders. Proven business model A proven track record of strong returns for our hotel owners and shareholders page 10 Strong brands Our 16 distinct brands sit at the heart of our owner offer and deliver rich experiences to millions of guests every day page 14 Responsible business We respect the environment and communities we work in, and engage and nurture our relationships with our stakeholders page 34 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 1 1 Strategic Report 2019 key highlights Financial highlights Strategic progress Responsible business Total revenue Revenue from reportable segmentsb Net system size growth +5.6% from +3.1% in 2016 Rooms signings 97.8k 2018: 98.8k 5.9% Reduction in our carbon footprint per occupied room from a 2017 baseline 3.6% Reduction in water use per occupied room in water stressed areas since 2018 New prototypes launched for Holiday Inn and Extended Stay brands Two brands added to portfolio; Atwell Suites™ and Six Senses Hotels Resorts Spas 188k Hours volunteered by colleagues for Giving for Good month 200+ hotels now signed under franchise agreements in Greater China 15k+ people benefited from the IHG Academy programme Committed to science-based targets in accordance with climate science 1st Global hotel company to commit to removing miniature bathroom amenities in favour of bulk-size products Signed key global and regional loyalty partnerships to enrich member experiences +11% growth in IHG app downloads Trial of attribute pricing underway for industry- leading Guest Reservation System Top 10 FTSE 100 listing for IHG in the Hampton-Alexander review for female representation among our senior leadership Launched colleague share plan $4,627m (+6.7%) $2,083m (+7.8%) 2018: $4,337m 2018: $1,933m Operating profit $630m (+8.2%) Operating profit from reportable segmentsb $865m (+4.0%) 2018: $582ma 2018: $832ma Global RevPAR growth (0.3)% 2018: +2.5% Total gross revenue in IHG’s Systemb $27.9bn (+1.8%) 2018: $27.4bn Basic EPSc Dividend per share 210.4¢ (+15%) 125.8¢ (+10%) 2018: 183.7 ¢a 2018: 114.4¢ Where we operate Revenue from reportable segments ($2,083m)b Operating profit from reportable segments ($865m)b Number of rooms open (883,563) Number of rooms in pipeline (283,043) 9% 6% 35% 50% $700m 15% 25% $217m $73m Key -$125m Americas Europe, Middle East, Asia and Africa (EMEAA) Greater China Central 30% 41% 60% 29% a Restated to reflect the adoption of IFRS 16 (see pages 146 to 149) in the Group Financial Statements. b Use of Non-GAAP measures In addition to performance measures directly observable in the Group Financial Statements (IFRS measures), additional financial measures (described as Non-GAAP) are presented that are used internally by management as key measures to assess performance. Non-GAAP measures are either not defined under IFRS or are adjusted IFRS figures. Further explanation in relation to these measures can be found on pages 55 to 59 and reconciliations to IFRS figures, where they have been adjusted, are on pages 214 to 218. c Adjusted EPSb 303.3¢ (+3%); 2018: 293.2¢a 2 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 MainstreamUpscaleLuxuryOur brands3IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | 2019 key highlights Strategic Report Chair’s statement Patrick Cescau Chair Final dividend 85.9¢ to be paid on 14 May 2020 (2018: 78.1¢) Total Shareholder Return 25.1% IHG’s Total Shareholder Return in 2019 versus the FTSE 100 Index at 17.3% Full-year dividend Five-year progress (¢) 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 125.8 114.4 104.0 94.0 85.0 Return of funds Since March 2003, the Group has returned over $11 billion of funds to shareholders by way of special dividends, capital returns and share repurchase programmes. Since 2014: • $500 million special dividend paid 29 January 2019 • $400 million special dividend paid 22 May 2017 • $1.5 billion special dividend paid 23 May 2016 • $500 million share buyback completed in 2014 • $750 million special dividend paid 14 July 2014 4 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 After a crucial period of transformation across our business, teams, priorities and processes, 2019 was a year in which a sharper and more agile execution of IHG’s strategy moved us closer to ambitious levels of growth and strengthened our long-term prospects. The backdrop to this important work is one of an increasingly competitive industry. All peers are seeking to deliver on both evolving consumer expectations and aggressive growth strategies, focusing on system size expansion, market consolidation and big investments in service, loyalty, partnerships and technology. We are clear that what will underpin IHG’s scale and success in key growth markets globally is a focus on enhancing and growing at pace, a distinct, high-quality portfolio of brands designed for great guest experiences and strong owner returns. Despite a weaker RevPAR environment, the fundamental drivers supporting our industry remain strong, with a growing global economy, increasing disposable income and an expanding middle class all fuelling long-term demand. As a company we recognise the increasing importance of ensuring our culture, actions and aspirations also reflect a broader responsibility to contribute to society, local communities and the environment. This is particularly important at a time of increasing political, societal, economic and environmental complexity. Climate change, trade tensions, nationalism and eroding trust in institutions represent some of the biggest themes of our time. IHG’s ability to act with integrity, transparency and conviction is key to our reputation with all stakeholders and to long-term future growth. Accelerating growth Over the past two years, our transformation has sparked the change needed to take IHG to the next level in terms of our capability and growth aspirations. This includes a refined structure and ways of working, and more targeted investments that strengthen our brands and business – be it fresh designs, signature marketing campaigns, new hotel tools, or new additions to our brand portfolio, such as Six Senses Hotels Resorts Spas (Six Senses) and Atwell Suites in 2019. Collectively this is delivering positive results. On a performance level, our system size growth continues to accelerate in line with our aim to reach industry-leading levels, and we have achieved record signings in key markets that will support future growth. “ Over the past two years, our transformation has sparked the change needed to take IHG to the next level in terms of our capability and growth aspirations.” Together, this illustrates the attractiveness of our evolving brand portfolio for guests and shows the trust owners have in our ability to listen to their needs and drive strong returns. More broadly we have enriched the type of company we want to be, strengthening our environmental commitments and ties with local communities, launching a new share plan for corporate employees, and increasing our focus on diversity and inclusion at global and regional levels through our D&I Board. We have also put great effort into promoting the behaviours we see as critical to driving IHG’s growth and contributing to a workplace everyone is proud of. Inspiring change I spent time in many of our markets in 2019, meeting with owners, investors and colleagues and staying in our hotels, and I have seen first-hand how the changes we are making are resonating with different stakeholders. From a conference with Crowne Plaza owners in the Americas, to a marquee InterContinental opening in France, and events in China and Japan, it is clear from my discussions that IHG is being recognised for a real focus on competitiveness and quality. These results would not be possible without a rich company culture, whereby employees are engaged with our strategy, values and our purpose of providing True Hospitality for everyone. Special credit must go to Chief Executive Officer Keith Barr and his leadership team for uniting the business and for leading by example on what’s required to go above and beyond for guests, owners, investors and each other. The evolution of our culture and nurturing of talent is critical to IHG’s long-term success, and as a Board we engage regularly with leadership on executive development, succession planning and bench strength in management teams. In 2019, we also appointed a designated non-executive director to ensure the Board’s engagement with IHG’s workforce, with several forums providing a valuable cross-section of views that ensures an employee voice is represented on key matters. Our Board The importance of the Board’s role in challenging and supporting corporate decision making during such a formative time for IHG cannot be underestimated, and we place great emphasis on ensuring that we keep pace with evolving topics that are central to our industry and organisation. Alongside the evolution of a strong company culture, focus areas in 2019 included audit reform, the Greater China market, and consumer and technology trends. The changing cybersecurity landscape was also considered at length, alongside progress against our 2018 action plan, and the Board spent time understanding different environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors as part of the work being done to evolve our Corporate Responsibility strategy. During 2019 we developed proposals for our refreshed Directors’ Remuneration Policy, details of which are set out in the Remuneration Committee Chair’s Statement on pages 96 to 98. As part of this work, we consulted with shareholders who made up more than 50% of the share register, as well as shareholder representative bodies. Please also see the Directors’ Remuneration Policy on pages 110 to 117. Equally important to an effective Board is the right mix of diversity, experience and backgrounds around the table – something we want to ensure is felt consistently throughout IHG. In 2019 we were delighted to again be named in the Hampton- Alexander Review as one of the top 10 FTSE 100 companies for female representation across our Executive Committee and direct reports. At a Board level, I am pleased to report that an external evaluation found the Board to be well functioning and effective. During the year, we appointed Arthur de Haast as an Independent Non- Executive Director, effective from 1 January 2020. Chair of the Capital Markets Advisory Council of NYSE-listed professional services firm Jones Lang LaSalle, Arthur brings more than 30 years of capital markets, hotels, hospitality and sustainability experience to IHG, as well as significant insight into Asia. Arthur will serve on IHG’s Remuneration and Corporate Responsibility Committees. Shareholder returns Continuing IHG’s long track record of increasing shareholder returns, I am pleased to announce the Board is recommending a final dividend of 85.9 cents per ordinary share, an increase of 10% on the final dividend for 2018. This results in a full-year dividend of 125.8 cents per share, up 10% on 2018. As we look to the future, our successful strategy and cash generative business model remains a great strength of IHG. It is one that allows us to invest in initiatives that drive demand for our brands and returns for our owners, motivate colleagues for high performance, and still deliver on our commitment to shareholder returns. As ever, our achievements are the result of the hard work of everyone in our hotels and offices. I would like to thank all colleagues for their dedication and commitment to bringing our brands to life, and to our owners for their continued confidence. Patrick Cescau Chair IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Chair’s statement 5 98kroomssigned into IHG’s pipeline during 2019We continue to improve the strength and breadth of IHG’s brand portfolio and enterprise offer to create the rich guest experiences and owner returns that are so integral to our growth, and to delivering our purpose of True Hospitality for everyone.For the past two years, we have been united as a business behind delivering our strategy to evolve and expand our brand portfolio, sharpen our operations, loyalty and owner offer, and put our global scale and resources to greatest use. Building upon a position of great strength as one of the world’s leading hotel companies, this period has been characterised by a desire to add pace, agility and ambition to our operations, culture and enterprise offer, and ensure that IHG is well positioned to reach its full potential for the long-term. Central to this is our ability to accelerate the pace at which we sign and open more hotels in key growth markets globally. In turn, this drives our successful fee business model and generates more cash for further investment in our enterprise and to return to shareholders. The importance and effectiveness of this model is amplified at times when industry RevPAR growth slows. We saw such conditions arise in 2019, led by macro and geopolitical factors, supply growing ahead of demand in some markets, and ongoing unrest in Hong Kong SAR.Delivering resultsAgainst this backdrop and the progression of key strategic growth initiatives, we delivered a solid annual performance, with underlying operating profit increasing 6% and new openings for the year reaching record levels. Our commitment to quality remains a key ingredient in the success of our brands, with consistent investment in our design, service, technology and loyalty offer. Testament to this is our Holiday Inn Brand Family, for years IHG’s growth engine, which delivered its highest ever level of openings in 2019. Helping fuel demand has been the continued roll out of modern public space and room designs like Open Lobby and H4 for Holiday Inn, and Formula Blue for Holiday Inn Express, both of which have led to increased guest satisfaction scores and owner returns. In the year, we also launched transformative new prototypes for what are already award-winning extended stay brands in Candlewood Suites and Staybridge Suites. Underlining the commitment to quality and modern service that we share with our owners, many of our Crowne Plaza and InterContinental properties are also being refreshed with important renovations and enhancements. Chief Executive Officer’s review Keith BarrChief Executive Officer38krooms Highest ever level of openings for our Holiday Inn® Brand Family$125mInvestments being funded through group-wide efficiency programme Key 2019 highlightsNew brands5new brands launched or acquired in a period of less than two years65kroomsA record level of new openings for the year6IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Strategic Report “ In 2019, we have taken more important steps to be the best long-term partner for owners, a great place to work for employees, and a brand of choice for guests.” It has also been another year of impressive demand for our boutique brands, with a best ever year of signings for Hotel Indigo, and the global expansion of Kimpton Hotels & Restaurants taking the brand’s combined system and pipeline to almost 100 hotels. within IHG Concerto and our wifi solution IHG Connect. In 2019, we also launched IHG Studio, our new digital in-room guest entertainment solution, which allows guests to stream content, make service requests and pay with loyalty points through their TV. New brands Alongside our established brands, we have added new brands to our portfolio in fast-growing segments to further accelerate future growth. In a period of less than two years we have launched or acquired five new brands, with the acquisition of Six Senses Hotels Resorts Spas (Six Senses) and launch of Atwell Suites in 2019, following the addition of Regent Hotels & Resorts and voco in 2018, and avid in 2017. A world-renowned wellness and sustainability brand, Six Senses represents the very top tier of luxury, whilst Atwell Suites offers a new option in an $18bn US all-suites market. Illustrating the strength of these new brands, avid has surpassed 200 signings since launch in September 2017, Atwell Suites already has 10 signings, and voco is growing ahead of expectations in EMEAA, with plans to expand into more markets globally in 2020. In the luxury space, a redefined Regent is attracting owner interest, and signings for Six Senses have accelerated, with some fantastic locations added, including London and the Galapagos Islands. As well as the right brands, we know our success relies on having an attractive loyalty offer, a rich digital guest experience, and the tools, support and systems that unlock greater hotel performance for our owners. Our IHG Rewards Club partnerships in 2019 with the US Open Tennis Championships and travel club and boutique hotel specialist, Mr & Mrs Smith, underline our ambition to strengthen the programme through world class partnerships and help attract, reward and retain high value guests. We are heavily investing in technology too, with the continued development of our industry- leading cloud-based Guest Reservation System For every priority and programme we have, there is insight, data and expertise behind it that makes sure we are delivering relevant and effective solutions. Owners and guests vote with their feet, and we have seen improved guest satisfaction scores in the year, and increasing owner confidence illustrated by a growing market share of signings. Continuing this progress in 2020 is a key priority. As a global industry leader, we understand how to operate in an ever-changing macro-economic environment to drive in-year performance and future growth. This includes dealing with the more recent challenges associated with the outbreak of Covid-19 in Greater China and the impact on other parts of the world. Focusing on the quality of our brands and owner offer, and investing in our culture and the colleagues that deliver for us every day, will continue to allow us to grow our estate and revenues, and in turn drive our ability to reinvest in growth and deliver returns. Operating responsibly Our commitment to acting in responsible and sustainable ways is a critical component of our purpose to provide True Hospitality for everyone. Every day, it ensures that we do the right thing when it comes to our culture and operations, local communities and the environment. In a period of internal change, we continue to listen carefully to employees to improve processes and empower them to be at their best. While there is more to do, key progress in 2019 included strengthening our commitment to flexible working, launching a new employee share plan, providing additional paid leave volunteering opportunities, and introducing conscious inclusion training as part of a focus on diversity and inclusion. Recognising how through our scale we have the potential to positively impact communities and the world around us, we also further developed our human rights programme, including material updates to our Human Rights Policy and launching a new, free e-learning module for all colleagues to combat human trafficking. In addition, it was fantastic to see more than 160,000 colleagues take part in our Giving for Good month and help support IHG charity partners. During 2019, we also started projects including an AI technology partnership to reduce food waste, and a programme with Junior Achievement Worldwide to build young people’s hospitality skills. Proudly, IHG also became the first global hotel group to commit to switching all bathroom amenities to bulk-size products, which together with our 2018 pledge to eliminate plastic straws, will reduce plastic waste in our hotels each year. It is very clear that the actions we take to grow in the right way are being evermore closely followed. Alongside the delivery of our 2018-2020 Responsible Business Targets, we are working on an ambitious and effective future Corporate Responsibility strategy and associated targets, which includes setting a 2030 science-based target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Thank you In 2019, we have taken more important steps to be the best long-term partner for owners, a great place to work for our employees, and a brand of choice for guests. Testament to this is the many awards we’ve received, including IHG being recognised as a Kincentric (formerly a part of Aon) Global Best Employer and as a Best Place to Work for LGBTQ equality, EVEN Hotels named one of hospitality’s most customer centric brands by Forbes, and Six Senses, InterContinental and Kimpton hotels all being recognised by Conde Nast’s Readers’ Choice Awards. Our 400,000 colleagues make all this possible, and I would like to sincerely thank everyone at IHG, and our owners, for their contribution, passion and commitment. Keith Barr Chief Executive Officer IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Chief Executive Officer’s review 7 Strategic Report Industry overview Despite a more challenging global economic backdrop, leading to RevPAR growth moderating, increasing room supply illustrates the positive fundamentals for the industry overall, such as increasing disposable incomes and growing appetite for branded hotels. The $535 billion hotel industry remains fragmented, with 54% of rooms affiliated with a global or regional chain. Competition among branded players continues to increase as companies seek growth through acquisitions, organic expansion and diversification in their offer. continue to influence how the industry operates, whilst increasing digital commerce has led to a broader competitive landscape involving online travel intermediaries, serviced apartments and peer-to-peer home rental companies. 2019 Industry performance In terms of key performance metrics, room supply reflects how attractive the hotel industry is as an investment from an owner’s perspective. RevPAR is an important indicator of the value guests ascribe to a given hotel, brand or market, and grows when guests stay more often or pay higher rates. Evolving consumer expectations in areas such as sustainability, luxury and technology 2019 saw the industry delivering its 10th year of consecutive RevPAR growth at +1% globally, slower than previous years due in part to lower growth in the global economy. In a slower RevPAR environment, rooms supply growth becomes an important driver of value creation for hotel groups. In 2019, global rooms supply grew by +2%, driven by attractive owner returns across a number of segments. The hotel industry is cyclical; long-term fluctuations in RevPAR tend to reflect the interplay between industry demand, supply and the macroeconomic environment. At a local level, political, economic and factors such as terrorism, oil market conditions and hurricanes can impact demand and supply in the short term. Overview of global hotel industry Geography The US is the largest hotel market, whilst Greater China continues to growa Branded hotels The top fivec hotel groups have increased their market share by 5 percentage pointsa Segment The hotel industry can be categorised by price levela 6.2% Americas Rest of the world Greater China 9.1% 39.9% % of room revenue 51.0% 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 24.9% 24.4% 23.3% 22.7% 19.4% 12.9% % rooms 15.7% 22.1% Luxury Upper Upscale Upscale Upper Midscale Midscale Economy 19.8% 23.7% Hotel industry growth drivers: 10-year annual growth rate Global GDP +3.1 % CAGRb Indicator of economic growth – hotel performance correlates with GDP Global household disposable income % CAGRb +3.0 Growing consumer spending and leisure travel, supported by cheaper air travel Global corporate profits +6.1 % CAGRb Good indicator of business travel – continues to grow Global hotel industry performance Hotel business models Global Industry RevPAR ($)a RevPAR growth suggests solid lodging demand 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 79.9 79.2 76.8 74.2 72.8 Global rooms supply (m rooms)a Supply growth reflects the attractiveness of the hotel industry 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 18.7 18.3 17.9 17.5 17.2 There are two principal business models used by branded hotel groups: • Fee-based, asset-light model – Franchised: owned and operated by parties distinct from the brand, who pay fees to the hotel company for the use of their brand. – Managed: operated by a party distinct from the hotel owner. The hotel owner pays management fees and, if the hotel uses a third-party brand name, fees to that third-party also. • Owner-operated, asset-heavy model – Owned: operated and branded by the owner who bears the costs but benefits from all the income. – Leased: similar to owned, except the owner-operator does not have outright ownership of the hotel but leases it from the ultimate owner. Asset-heavy business models allow tighter control over hotel operations, whilst asset-light models enable faster growth with lower capital investment. a Source: STR, Inc b Source: Oxford Economics c IHG, Marriott International, Inc., Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc., Wyndam Hotels & Resorts Inc., Accor S.A. 8 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Please see pages 10 to 13 for information on IHG’s business model. Trends shaping our industry Sustainability Operating with a social purpose Employees, consumers, investors, governments and industry bodies are paying closer attention to how committed companies are to caring for communities and the environment. Many businesses, including IHG, have aligned their efforts to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, focusing on priorities most relevant to their operations. The goals range from wiping out poverty and delivering decent work and economic growth, to driving gender equality and climate action. All require creativity, commitment and collaboration in order to drive real change at global scale. See pages 24 to 40 for more information on how IHG is addressing this trend. 100+ Hotels adopting IHG Studio $5.6bn IHG’s digital (web and mobile) revenue in 2019, up 7% on 2018 IHG Studio uses either the IHG app or in-room TV connection to offer guests easier ways to manage their stay – from directly casting their own content or ordering room service, to using loyalty points to pay for services. IHG Studio was launched in 2019 following a successful trial and will become a brand standard globally. As consumers spend increasingly more time online exploring and researching travel options, IHG continues to invest in providing engaging and seamless digital guest experiences. The IHG mobile app is a critical component of our offer, with revenues increasing 18% in 2019 and downloads rising by 11%. Consumer trends Instagrammable experiences For many guests, the hotel they choose to stay in needs to be as much a part of their travel experience as the destination they are preparing to explore. This requires an abundance of boutique and lifestyle hotels with character, authentic neighbourhood roots, and memorable designs and service style, without compromise on quality. Large hotel groups have seized on the opportunity to grow these brands at pace, based on their ability to offer consistently rich experiences in multiple locations, alongside those all-important distinctive twists worthy of a snap for social media. See page 23 for more information on how IHG is addressing this trend. These pages should be read together with our principal risks on pages 46 to 53 and risk factors on pages 226 to 230. 200m IHG is significantly reducing the 200 million bathroom miniatures used in its hotels annually In an industry first, in 2019 IHG committed to replacing all our miniature bathroom amenities with bulk-size products across all brands. The move, which will significantly reduce plastic waste, has been followed by several industry peers. 5.9% IHG’s reduction in carbon per occupied room from 2017 baseline Working alongside our owners and hotels, one of our 2018-2020 Responsible Business targets is a commitment to reduce our carbon footprint per occupied room by 6-7%, and we are on track to do so. Technology Enriching the digital guest experience As technology continues to play an increasingly important role in our lives, the hospitality industry is investing in data, platforms and partnerships capable of integrating digital services and connectivity at the right moments of a stay experience. The overarching ambition is to deliver richer, personalised and frictionless experiences for consumers, and to create more effective, efficient operations and greater revenue opportunities for businesses. See page 21 for more information on how IHG is addressing this trend. 5,290 rooms 2019 was a record year of signings for Hotel Indigo Since launching in 2004, IHG’s Hotel Indigo brand has grown to become one of the world’s largest branded boutique chains, with no two properties the same. Demand continues to increase, with its estate set to double in size over the next five years. ~100 hotels Kimpton Hotels & Restaurants has been adding exciting new international destinations at a rapid rate Since acquiring Kimpton in 2015, IHG has focused on taking the brand’s highly personal service and playful design from its US base to top luxury boutique destinations globally. From Bali and Bangkok to London and Shanghai, Kimpton has grown to almost 100 open and pipeline hotels. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Industry overview 9 Strategic Report Our business model We predominantly franchise our brands and manage hotels on behalf of third-party hotel owners. As an asset-light business, we focus on growing our fee revenues and fee margins, with limited requirements for capital. This enables us to grow our business whilst generating high returns on invested capital. Whether we franchise or manage hotels is largely determined by market maturity, owner preference and, in certain cases, the particular brand. For instance, in more developed markets such as the US and Europe, over 90% of IHG hotels are franchised. These hotels tend to be limited service. By contrast, in emerging markets such as Greater China over 80% of IHG hotels are managed by IHG, where we look after the day-to-day running of the hotel on behalf of the owner. These hotels tend to be full service. Since launch, we have signed over 200 franchise hotels in Greater China, which attract full franchise fees. Our asset-light business model means that we do not generally employ colleagues in franchised hotels, nor do we control their day-to-day operations, policies or procedures. That being said, IHG and our franchised hotels are committed to delivering a consistent brand experience, conducting business responsibly and delivering our purpose of providing True Hospitality for everyone. See page 28 for more information. IHG owner proposition We focus on ensuring our brand portfolio, loyalty proposition, systems and expertise provide a rich and distinctive offer that stands out to consumers and is attractive to owners. Over time, we expect the Chinese market to move towards a franchised model. We successfully launched the first tailored franchised offer for Holiday Inn Express® in 2016, and have since extended this to include Holiday Inn® and Crowne Plaza®. To keep our brands relevant to guests and evolving trends, we commit to developing our established brands with new designs, service enhancements and operational support that drive demand and returns, and keeps True Hospitality at the heart of our offer. In addition to our core brands, we are focused on growing our portfolio in high-potential areas, and have launched and acquired new brands in the mainstream, upscale and luxury segments in recent years. We have also developed state-of-the-art technology to drive hotel demand, be it through our mobile booking app or cloud- based hotel solutions. Our distribution channels (booking sites and call centres through which hotel rooms are marketed and booked) allow hotel owners to reach potential guests at lower costs of sale, with the proportion of revenue from rooms booked through IHG’s direct and indirect channels having steadily increased over the last few years. Our investments in development resources has meant that we can provide outstanding operational support to owners. We have embedded new processes to help reduce the time taken from hotel signing to ground break and opening. Our hotels also have access to a suite of applications designed to help them manage and improve performance, with the aim of further boosting returns. How we generate revenue Franchised hotels We receive a fixed percentage of rooms revenue following a guest staying at a hotel. This is our fee revenue. $ Guests Hotel IHG fee revenue IHG System Fund Hotel owner Our fee revenue: Rev PAR X Rooms X Royalty rate Managed hotels From our managed hotels, we generate revenue through a fixed percentage of the total hotel revenue and a proportion of each hotel’s profit. Owned, leased & managed lease hotels For hotels which we own or lease, we record the entire revenue and profit of the hotel in our financial statements. Our owned, leased and managed lease hotels have reduced from over 180 hotels 18 years ago, to 26 hotels at 31 December 2019. How we deliver value Franchised hotels We deliver value to our hotel owners through the cultivation of hotel brands, economies of scale, access to shared systems and resources, and centralised marketing activity to drive hotel guest bookings. Managed hotels and owned, leased and managed lease hotels As well as the benefits we deliver through our franchise model, we drive value to our managed hotel owners, and owned, leased and managed lease hotels, by optimising the performance of these hotels. Other stakeholders As part of our purpose to provide True Hospitality for everyone we believe it is important that we deliver value to all our stakeholders. Whether it is our workforce, hotel owners, guests, suppliers, shareholders or society, we want to create a positive impact on them and the world around us. See pages 24 to 40 for more information. 10 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Revenue from reportable segmentsa Our revenue is directly linked to the revenue generated by the hotels in our system. 28% Fee business Owned, leased and managed lease hotels 72% Franchised 614,974 rooms Managed 262,253 rooms Central Revenue is principally technology fee income see page 72 Owned, leased and managed lease 6,336 rooms a Excludes System Fund results, hotel cost reimbusements and exceptional items. IHG revenue from reportable segmentsa and the System Fund System Fund IHG manages a System Fund on behalf of our third-party hotel owners, who pay contributions into it. This includes a marketing and reservation assessment and a loyalty assessment. The System Fund also receives proceeds from the sale of IHG Rewards Club points under third-party co-branding arrangements. The System Fund is managed by IHG for the benefit of hotels within the IHG system and is run at no profit or loss over the long-term. In 2019, IHG recognised $1.4 billion of System Fund revenue. Total Gross Revenue 2019: $27.9 billion. This comprises: • Franchised hotels = total rooms revenue • Managed hotels = total hotels revenue • Owned, leased and managed lease hotels = total hotels revenue (Only owned, leased and managed lease hotel revenue is directly attributed to IHG.) Third-party hotel owners pay: Fees to IHG in relation to the licensing of our brands and, if applicable, hotel management services. Assessments and contributions are collected by IHG for specific use within the System Fund. IHG revenue from reportable segments 2019: $2.1 billion Revenue attributable to IHG comprises: • Fee business revenue from reportable segments: in 2019, 72% of our revenue came from franchise and management fees, and central revenues: System Fund revenues 2019: $1.4 billion The System Fund is not managed to a profit or loss for IHG over the longer term, but for the benefit of hotels in the IHG system, and comprises: • Assessments and contributions paid by hotels. • Revenue recognised on consumption – Franchise fees = RevPAR x rooms of IHG Rewards Club points. (See page 72 for more information.) x royalty rate. – Management fees = fee % of total hotels revenue plus % of profit. – Central revenue (principally technology fee income – see page 72). • All revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels. IHG reported Group revenues (excluding reimbursable revenue) Profit from hotel revenues After operating costs of sale, our margin by business model is: • Fee marginb: 54.1%. • Owned, leased and managed leasec: 9.1%. Not all of our costs can be allocated directly to revenue streams and these are shown as central costs. Key elements of System Fund expenditure • Marketing and sales activity. • IHG Rewards Club loyalty programme. • Global distribution systems, such as our Guest Reservation System. For examples of how we have deployed the System Fund in 2019 to support our strategic priorities, please see pages 19 to 23. a Excludes System Fund results, hotel cost reimbursements and exceptional items. b Definitions for Non-GAAP measures can be found on pages 55 to 59. The reconciliation for fee margin can be found on page 216. c The margin for owned, leased and managed lease is calculated from the results related to owned, leased and managed lease included within reportable segments (see page 214 revenue of $573m and operating profit of $52m). IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our business model 11 Strategic Report Our business model continued Disciplined approach to capital allocation Our asset-light business model is highly cash generative and enables us to invest in our brands and strengthen our enterprise. We have a disciplined approach to capital allocation which ensures that the business is appropriately invested in, whilst maintaining an efficient balance sheet. Beyond this, we look to return surplus cash to shareholders through ordinary and special dividends and share buybacks. Our objective is to maintain an investment- grade credit rating. One of the measures we use to monitor this is net debt: EBITDA and we aim for a ratio of 2.5-3.0x. This is equivalent to our previous guidance of 2.0-2.5x before the adoption of IFRS 16 ‘Leases’. Dividend policy The Board consistently reviews the Group’s approach to capital allocation and seeks to maintain an efficient balance sheet and investment-grade credit rating. IHG has a progressive dividend policy and an excellent track record of returning funds to shareholders through ordinary and special dividends, and share buybacks, with the ordinary dividend seeing 11% CAGR since 2003. This is in addition to special returns of funds detailed on page 242. When reviewing dividend recommendations, the Directors take into account the long-term consequences of any recommendation. The Company looks to ensure that any recommendation does not harm the long-term sustainable success of the Company and that there are sufficient distributable reserves to pay any recommended dividend. For more details on our dividend policy and approach, see pages 4 and 73. Our priorities for the uses of cash are consistent with previous years and comprise of three pillars: Invest in the business to drive growth Through strategic investments and our day-to-day capital expenditures, we continue to drive growth. Ordinary dividend progression (¢) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 6 8 1 7 8 7 4 6 8 5 11% CAGR 2 5 7 4 3 4 9 3 9 2 9 2 9 2 6 2 5 3 0 1 6 0 0 2 2 1 7 0 0 2 2 1 8 0 0 2 2 1 9 0 0 2 3 1 0 1 0 2 6 1 1 1 0 2 1 2 2 1 0 2 3 2 3 1 0 2 5 2 4 1 0 2 8 2 5 1 0 2 0 3 6 1 0 2 3 3 7 1 0 2 6 3 8 1 0 2 0 4 9 1 0 2 7 1 9 1 9 1 7 3 0 0 2 8 4 0 0 2 8 5 0 0 2 Interim Final Return surplus funds to shareholders In January 2019, we paid a $500m capital return to shareholders via a special dividend and share consolidation. Capital investments net ($m) 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 -25 211 166 2018a 2019 Maintenance capex, key money and selective investments System Fund capital investments Recyclable investments Maintain sustainable growth in the ordinary dividend IHG has a progressive dividend policy which means we look to grow the dividend per ordinary share each year. Shareholder returns 2003-19 ($bn) 5.9 13.8 7.9 Asset disposals Operational cash flows Total a The 2018 comparatives have been restated to reflect the adoption of IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ 12 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Disciplined approach to capital expenditure Capital expenditure incurred by IHG can be summarised as follows. Type What is it? Recent examples Maintenance capital expenditure, key money and selective investment to access strategic growth. Maintenance capital expenditure is devoted to the maintenance of our systems and corporate offices along with our owned, leased and managed lease hotels. Key money is expenditure used to access strategic opportunities, particularly in high-quality and sought-after locations when returns are financially and/or strategically attractive. Examples of maintenance spend include maintenance of our offices, systems and our owned, leased and managed lease hotels. Examples of key money include investments to secure representation for our brands in prime city locations. Recyclable investments to drive the growth of our brands and our expansion in priority markets. Recyclable investments are capital used to acquire real estate or investment through joint ventures or equity capital. This expenditure is strategic to help build brand presence. We would look to divest these investments at an appropriate time and reinvest the proceeds across the business. Examples of recyclable investments in prior years include our EVEN Hotels brand, where we used our capital to develop three hotel properties in the US to showcase the brand. Over time, we expect to divest our interest in these hotels. System Fund capital investments for strategic investment to drive growth at hotel level. The development of tools and systems that hotels use to drive performance. This is charged back to the System Fund over the life of the asset. Recently, we rolled out our new pioneering cloud-based Guest Reservation System (GRS), one of IHG Concerto’s comprehensive set of capabilities, which we developed with Amadeus (see page 224). In addition, during the year we made a strategic investment, alongside other large hotel companies, in Groups360 to create an online sourcing and booking solution for meetings. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our business model 13 Mainstream IHG is the clear global leader in the mainstream segment, with 15% of existing global market share by rooms and 25% of the pipeline. Our mainstream brands operate across the midscale and upper midscale market segments, ranging from full-service hotels and extended stay properties, to franchising our Holiday Inn Club Vacations brand to a single timeshare operator. We are focused on using our mainstream expertise to enhance and expand our iconic established brands, and to quickly grow at scale newer ones like avid hotels and Atwell Suites in areas of high demand.Our brandsHoliday Inn Hotels & Resorts® • Delivering warm, welcoming service in environments that connect people, inspire trust and deliver exceptional value • Best year of openings for one of the world’s most iconic brand families• Global service programme launched; more than 180 Americas hotels adopting new room and public space designs; >90% of Europe estate adopting Open Lobby concept• Global rollout of ‘We’re There’ Holiday Inn & Holiday Inn Express marketing campaignHoliday Inn Express® • Delivering simple smart travel, with easy, hassle-free stays • Highest number of room openings in 11 years for the world’s largest brand by rooms• Over 70% of Americas estate committed to modern guest room and public space Formula Blue design; 95% of Europe hotels adopting next-generation guest rooms• New breakfast offer in almost 2,000 hotels across the AmericasHoliday Inn Club Vacations® • Creating meaningful travel experiences that bring families closer together • Brand’s first urban location secured in New Orleans, US• New US destinations in Tahoe added to the portfolio for our family of more than 350,000 Holiday Inn Club Members• Launched “Innsider Events” programme, tripling the number of events for membersTo drive growth at scale in high-value markets globally, we are investing in an attractive portfolio of distinct brands that generate strong demand from both guests and owners. Underpinning the continued success of our established brands is a commitment to understanding evolving consumer trends and delivering the modern designs, service, hotel tools and digital innovation needed to meet guest expectations and strengthen owner returns. We also continue to expand our portfolio, by acquiring or developing new brands in fast-growing and underserved segments with significant growth potential. Combined, this approach has seen us accelerate our rate of net system size growth over the last three years from ~3% to 5.6%.While all our brands stand for something different, they share a common purpose, which is to provide True Hospitality for everyone. Here are some highlights from across the portfolio in 2019:28 Open hotels1Pipeline hotel1,256 Open hotels274 Pipeline hotels2,875 Open hotels754 Pipeline hotelsAnnual industry global segment revenue$115bnIndustry revenue growth potential to 2025$65bn14IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Strategic Report Atwell Suites™• A new upper-midscale all-suites brand launched for the US in 2019• Targets an $18 billion US industry segment• 10 signings in Q4 2019 following registration of franchise documents in September• First hotels expected to begin construction in 2020 and open in 2021Staybridge Suites® • Providing spacious suites and meaningful connections to help guests break from the travel norm• Highest number of hotel openings in a decade • Transformational brand prototype launched with revitalised amenities, elevated designs and greater market flexibility • New breakfast offer rolled out in US and Canada with increased hot and cold variety and daily specialsCandlewood Suites® • Providing a comfortable and familiar space to settle for US travellers on an extended stay• Opened 400th property and launched new contemporary brand logo• Unveiled refreshed brand prototype with more spacious and comfortable lobbies and suites• Strong owner interest in new designsavid™ hotels • Delivering the essentials exceptionally well at good value for guests • More than 200 hotels signed since launch in 2017• Presence secured in US, Canada and Mexico• More than 80 hotels under construction or with planning approved300 Open hotels182Pipeline hotels0 Open hotels10Pipeline hotels7 Open hotels207Pipeline hotels410 Open hotels91Pipeline hotelsHoliday Inn London – Wembley, UK15IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our brands Crowne Plaza® Hotels & Resorts • Championing a modern way of business travel through distinctive stays and meeting experiences• Best signings performance in a decade• New service programme rolled out and flagships opened in Europe, Greater China and the Americas showcasing future of the brand • Next phase of Accelerate programme launched to enhance quality of the Americas’ estate and drive commercial successUpscale IHG offers a broad range of upscale brands in what is a diverse, fast-growing segment spanning everything from business travel and wellness focused stays, to lifestyle and boutique experiences. We are focused on driving growth of our brands internationally through modern designs and distinctive style and service. Through our newest upscale brand, voco, which principally focuses on conversion opportunities, we are also offering owners a new way to quickly take advantage of IHG’s scale, systems and expertise.Our brands continuedvoco Gold Coast, Australiavoco™ hotels • A distinctive upscale brand offering hotels reliable enough to depend on, but different enough to be fun • Offering conversion opportunities to owners of high-quality unbranded hotels • Presence secured in 16 countries across EMEAA since launch in June 2018• Brand to expand into more markets globally in 2020HUALUXE® Hotels and Resorts • The first upscale international hotel brand designed for Chinese guests• Highest number of signings in six years, including Nanjing Yangtze River and Hainan Clear Water Bay • Partnered with Chinese modern artist to bring to life brand’s commitment to Chinese culture• Named Best Hotel Brand 2019 by VoyageEVEN® Hotels • Designed for travellers seeking to prioritise wellness and stay balanced when away from home• Celebrated a record signings performance in the year, alongside openings including EVEN Alpharetta, Georgia, and EVEN Ann Arbor, Michigan • New prototype and enhanced design launched to drive signings • Ranked 9th in hospitality in Forbes 2019 “100 Most Customer-Centric Companies”Hotel Indigo® • Inspiring discovery by delivering inviting guest experiences that truly reflect local neighbourhoods • Record year of signings for one of the industry’s largest branded boutique chains by number of hotels• Estate set to double in size in next five years, heading to 16 new countries • Strengthening aided brand awareness illustrates brand’s attractiveness to owners and guestsAnnual industry global segment revenue$40bnIndustry revenue growth potential to 2025$20bn118 Open hotels101 Pipeline hotels9 Open hotels22 Pipeline hotels431 Open hotels88 Pipeline hotels13 Open hotels26 Pipeline hotels12 Open hotelsa17 Pipeline hotelsaa Figures do not include three open and one pipeline hotel that will rebrand to voco.16IHG | Strategic ReportAnnual Report and Form 20-F 2019 InterContinental® Hotels & Resorts • Exhilarating the mind with a worldly perspective gained from pioneering luxury travel for more than 70 years• Reinforced position as world’s largest luxury hotel brand with nine openings in 2019• Significant owner investment with a number of properties being refurbished• Driving brand preference with InterContinental ‘ICons’ and National Geographic ‘Worldly’ campaignsSix Senses Hotels Resorts Spas • Creating perfect moments in some of the world’s most spectacular locations• A world-renowned reputation for sustainability and wellness • 10 new signings and two openings since acquisition, including London, the Galapagos Islands and Loire Valley • Long-term potential to grow estate to >60 propertiesLoyalty A rich loyalty offer allows IHG to build valuable relationships with members who are often strong advocates for our hotel brands, and seven times more likely to book directly, which helps deliver higher-value revenue to our estate.IHG® Rewards ClubOne of the industry’s leading loyalty programmes, IHG Rewards Club is our way of ensuring that travel is experienced the way it should be: personal, seamless and rewarding.All our members receive free internet worldwide, have access to exclusive rates and can select personal preferences that ensures their stays are just as they like them. On top of a stay, members can earn points on everyday activities such as shopping, dining or car rentals through our many partners globally, and Regent Hotels & Resorts • Heralding a new era of luxury where guests can experience both the serene and the sensational• 3 hotels signed since acquisition of majority stake in July 2018; renovation projects launched for existing estate• Redefining brand hallmarks, design and service based on a deep understanding of the modern luxury consumer • On track to grow portfolio to more than 40 aspirational hotels over the long termKimpton® Hotels & Restaurants • Creating heartfelt human connections through highly personal service, superlative style and playful design• Presence secured in 14 countries as part of international expansion into luxury markets, including London, Paris, Tokyo, Barcelona, Bali and Bangkok• Combined system and pipeline now at almost 100 hotels• Named 5th in Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work For 2019Luxury With a strong heritage and expertise in luxury, we are growing our offer in the world’s most desirable destinations to ensure we cater for a range of needs from the top tier of luxury through to boutique stays. Our acquisition of Six Senses Hotels Resorts Spas in 2019 followed the purchase of a majority stake in Regent Hotels & Resorts in 2018, and has helped create a comprehensive luxury offer that strengthens our loyalty proposition, attracts more corporate guests and creates a broader owner base to work with. these can be used to redeem Reward Nights or book flights with more than 400 airlines. In addition, our IHG Rewards Club Concierge can be used for access to one-of-a-kind opportunities. Further enhancing the programme, we added more world-class global and regional partnerships in 2019, and progressed important trials, including an option for members to use loyalty points to pay for amenities and services during their stay. See page 20 for more detail.Annual industry global segment revenue $60bnIndustry revenue growth potential to 2025$35bn212 Open hotels65 Pipeline hotels6 Open hotels5 Pipeline hotels18Open hotels25 Pipeline hotels66 Open hotels33 Pipeline hotelsInterContinental Maldives Maamunagau Resort, Maldives17IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our brands Our strategyOur strategy for high quality growth Our clearly defined strategy is focused on delivering industry-leading net rooms growth over the medium term. We consistently enhance and grow our mainstream, upscale and luxury brands in high-value markets with strong consumer demand to create scale positions and develop a differentiated guest and owner offer. With disciplined execution, we focus on key markets with high potential, investing ahead of demand to drive high-quality growth. This means consistent, sustained growth in cash flows and profits over the long-term.Our strategy is executed through a strong set of values, business behaviours and talented people, with a clear commitment to grow in the right way for our communities and the world around us, delivering on our purpose to provide True Hospitality for everyone. Strategic modelIndustry-leading net rooms growth over the medium termWhilst committing to responsible businessOn the following pages we set out some examples of how we implement each element of our strategic modelRobust assurance processes, business ethics, values and behavioursStrong, diverse, innovative and inclusive cultureRespect for the environment and the communities we work inEngagement with our stakeholders and nurturing relationships Build and leverage scale Strengthen loyalty programme Enhance revenue delivery Evolve owner proposition Optimise our preferred portfolio of brands for owners and guestsIHG’s Strategic Model Our strategy should be read together with our culture, responsible business and stakeholders section, pages 24 to 40, and our principal risks and uncertainties, pages 47 to 53. For further information about our strategy, go to www.ihgplc.com/about-us under Our strategy.18IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Strategic Report Build and leverage scale Scale provides significant advantages in the hospitality industry at both a global and national level. Focusing on the highest opportunity segments, IHG uses a diverse brand portfolio, loyalty offer, strong systems and depth in attractive markets to drive significant efficiencies that lead to increased operating leverage and ultimately higher margins. In 2019, our scale provided further competitive advantage, allowing us to accelerate our net system size growth to 5.6%. Moreover, we increased our market share of signings in key markets, helping to expand our high-quality pipeline and position us well for future growth. Illustrating the attractiveness of our enterprise offer, our established brands continue to expand at pace globally. This expansion included a best ever openings performance for our Holiday Inn Brand Family, underscoring our leading position in the mainstream segment. Within upscale and luxury markets more broadly, our Hotel Indigo estate is set to double in size in the coming years and we are bringing Kimpton Hotels & Restaurants to new international destinations at an excellent pace. We continue to use our scale to build new brands too, including avid hotels, which has had over 200 signings in the US, Canada and Mexico since September 2017, with seven hotels already open. Increase in share of signings in key markets, taking total pipeline to 283k rooms 65k new rooms opened in 2019 200+ avid hotel signings with seven properties now open 200+ Hotel Indigo to almost double estate in next five years $125m efficiency programme on track; fully re-invested in growth initiatives 14 international countries for fast- expanding Kimpton Hotels & Restaurants brand avid Oklahoma City – Quail Springs, US IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our strategy 19 Strategic Report Our strategy continued Strengthen loyalty programme Having an attractive, differentiated loyalty offer tailored to our guests’ needs is critical to IHG’s success. We are continually innovating IHG Rewards Club to build lifetime relationships with our members. This creates a sustainable long-term revenue source for our hotels and transforms previously unaffiliated travellers into powerful advocates for our brands. In 2019, our focus on global and regional partnerships helped deliver richer experiences for our IHG Rewards Club members and increased awareness of our brands. This included our inaugural sponsorship of the US Open Tennis Championships, which attracted almost 21 million social media impressions, with members able to use loyalty points to bid for ‘money can’t buy’ experiences. We also announced a partnership with Mr & Mrs Smith that makes around 500 hand-selected luxury and boutique properties exclusively available for IHG Rewards Club members, and we extended our InterContinental Alliance Resorts partnership with Sands Macao to include The Venetian Macao and The Parisian Macao in Greater China. Beyond this, we are piloting several programme enhancements, including an option for guests to pay with points for services including spa treatments, food and beverages. InterContinental Alliance Resorts partnership with Sands China in Macau ~46% Loyalty rooms night contribution Sponsorship of US Open Tennis Championships, rewarding members with new experiences Partnership with Mr & Mrs Smith: Exclusive access to ~500 hand-selected properties 100m+ enrolled members in IHG Rewards Club Hotel Borgo Pignano, Italy, part of the Mr & Mrs Smith collection 20 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Enhance revenue delivery By striving to drive business through our direct channels, IHG maximises returns for our owners, delivering revenue at a lower cost than alternatives such as third-party intermediaries. Digital and technological innovation, alongside strong brands and a compelling loyalty offer, is key to ensuring IHG continues to manage revenue delivery effectively. We continue to develop IHG Concerto, our proprietary, cloud-based hotel technology system. In 2019, we began piloting attribute pricing for our Guest Reservation System, which was developed with Amadeus and rolled out in 2018. Rather than simply choosing a room at booking, guests will be able to customise their stay by selecting specific attributes, whilst hotel owners will unlock value by optimising pricing for desirable items. In addition, our Revenue Management for Hire programme has now been rolled out to over 3,500 hotels, providing owners with data-driven insights for setting room rates. A compelling B2B offer is also a crucial source of revenue, and we are focused on enhancing our leading global sales enterprise that drives high-quality, low-cost revenue to our hotels. In 2019, with three industry peers, we made a strategic investment in Groups360 to enhance the GroupSync™ platform and make group travel easier for meeting planners. Using an online tool, planners will be able to source and book meetings and events across a wide selection of brands. Developing updated arrivals platform within IHG Concerto Attribute pricing pilot on Guest Reservation System underway Price optimisation software for Group’s business in IHG Concerto +7% growth in digital (web and mobile) revenue in 2019 3.5k+ hotels now have Revenue Management for Hire programme Artist’s render of voco Sydney Central, Australia IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our strategy 21 Strategic Report Our strategy continued Evolve our owner proposition Focus on accelerating signings into openings Maintaining positive relationships with long-standing owners and constantly forging new ones is vital for IHG. Our outstanding operational support, preferred brands, industry-leading franchise offer and continued investment in innovation deliver a compelling owner proposition and strong returns. In the Americas, following the success of our 2017 launch of avid hotels, which encompassed a streamlined process for owners from signing a hotel, to building and running the property, we launched cost- efficient prototypes in 2019 for Holiday Inn and our extended stay brands, Candlewood Suites and Staybridge Suites. Our global procurement solutions provide support to our owners in opening and running their hotels. Progress in 2019 included delivering a supply chain solution for new Holiday Inn Express hotels in Greater China, which helps get hotels open in a faster time period and offers high quality products at lower costs. In Greater China, we have provided owners with more opportunities to work with IHG through our franchise offer for Holiday Inn Express, which launched in May 2016. Since then, we have extended franchising to our Holiday Inn and Crowne Plaza brands too, achieving more than 200 signings to date. 200+ franchise signings for Holiday Inn Express, Holiday Inn and Crowne Plaza in Greater China since launch in 2016 More cost-efficient prototypes launched for Holiday Inn, Staybridge Suites and Candlewood Suites Sustainability brand standards for new brands such as voco, with recycled filtered water solutions and recycled bedding 200 green solutions delivered via IHG Green Engage 2019 Americas Investors and Leadership Conference, Las Vegas, US 22 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 As competition intensifies, distribution channels proliferate and consumers become more demanding, actively building a strong portfolio of distinct brands for both our owners and guests is key to IHG’s success and future growth. As an example of this, in the mainstream segment with Holiday Inn Express, our new guest room designs have delivered a five percentage points premium in guest satisfaction and strong owner returns. We are on track for adoption of these new designs in over 1,600 hotels in our Americas estate by the end of 2020, and the successes have informed enhancements rolling out for Holiday Inn, Crowne Plaza, Staybridge Suites and Candlewood Suites. In addition to enhancing our established brands, we have added new brands in fast-growing markets that will support future rooms growth. This includes using our mainstream expertise to launch avid and Atwell Suites, targeting underserved guests in the midscale and all-suites segments. In upscale, our voco brand offers owners of high-quality assets a chance to quickly convert to a strong brand and leverage IHG’s scale and systems to drive improved performance. In the luxury space, the acquisitions of Regent Hotels & Resorts and Six Senses builds on our existing heritage to offer a more comprehensive offer to guests and to owners wanting to work with IHG in the top tier of luxury. Optimise our preferred portfolio of brands for owners and guests 1,600+ Holiday Inn Express hotels in Americas to have adopted new public space and guest room designs by end 2020 5 new brands added to portfolio in a period of less than two years 10 new Six Senses properties signed since acquisition 33 signings for voco in EMEAA since launch in 2018; plan to launch the brand globally in 2020 200+ signings for avid hotels since launch in September 2017 10 signings for Atwell Suites since September 2019 launch in fast-growing US all-suites market Regent Porto Montenegro, Montenegro IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our strategy 23 Strategic Report Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders Our values, behaviours and work practices Our people, diversity and inclusion and workforce engagement True Hospitality for everyone Environment Community Compliance Our business partners and guests Our investors and shareholders 24 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Our purpose to provide True Hospitality for everyone is at the centre of our culture. It underpins, reinforces and supports our strategy, sets the tone for our commercial activities, drives performance, and creates value for our stakeholders. We are committed to: • Robust business ethics, values and behaviours; • A strong, diverse, innovative and inclusive culture; • Respect for the environment and the communities we work in; and • Engaging with and nurturing relationships with our stakeholders. IHG believes that good culture is more than written values, policies and principles. It is the demonstration of our culture, the ethical and inclusive behaviours that matter, be it the way our Board and Executive Committee lead us, the way our office spaces are set out, the way we prioritise resources, monitor performance, respond to climate and societal change, or how our performance support teams partner with General Managers in our hotels. The Company culture is driven through a mixture of the Board leading by example, delegating to the Executive Committee and Senior Leadership, setting and monitoring values, behaviour and ethical business practices, standing Board agenda items on key areas of culture, reviewing and approving policies, and direct or delegated interactions with stakeholders. Our culture is crucial to who we are, how we work together, how we make our strategic decisions, how our stakeholders view us and how we grow our business. The following pages should be read in conjunction with: Our business model pages 10 to 13 Our strategy pages 18 to 23 KPIs pages 42 to 45 Our risk management pages 46 to 53 Governance on pages 78 to 117 Directors’ Report on pages 221 to 224 How we engage Engagement with our stakeholders and day-to-day management is a multi-layered and delegated process. At all levels of the business, from front line operations, through corporate functions, Senior Leadership, the Executive Committee, the Board and its Committees, we engage both internally and externally. The Board delegates oversight of day-to- day operations and execution of strategic priorities through the Executive Committee and Senior Leaders, and sets, approves, embeds, reviews and course corrects (where necessary) the Company’s strategy, values, policies, principles, behaviours and responsible business culture in line with our purpose and business model. Our engagement model We use a variety of mechanisms to engage with employees and other stakeholders, including face-to-face meetings, conferences, feedback and performance reviews, employee forums and training, and we monitor this through, for example, our employee and investor engagement surveys, reports and presentations to the Board. We have an open, collaborative and inclusive approach. We take the information we glean from those interactions and use it to make informed judgements in our decision making. We also take into consideration the views and interests of other stakeholders, such as regulators and industry bodies, when determining our strategy, values and behaviours, as well as awareness of environmental and social concerns. They help provide a framework against which we measure ourselves, protect our reputation and develop our commercial and social awareness. More information about our culture, approach to responsible business and stakeholders is set out on the following pages. See Board agenda items on pages 84 and 85 for more information on which stakeholders were considered as part of Board decisions. Voice of the Employee Board & Committees Values, Behaviour & Work practices Employees Executive Committee Global Functions and Regions External stakeholders Monitoring, Reporting & Assurance InterContinental Hanoi Landmark72, Vietnam IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders 25 Strategic Report Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders continued Our values, behaviours and work practices Who leads at IHG • Board and Committees • Executive Committee • Senior Leaders • D&I Board • Human Resources and Business Reputation and Responsibility functions • Functional business partners including Corporate Affairs, Finance and Global Commercial and Technology How we engage • Board and Committee oversight, monitoring and review • Formal reporting and escalation processes to Senior Leadership and management teams • Virtual Learning Summits • Employee engagement surveys • Company intranet site including ‘our people’, and ‘Code of Conduct’ portals • E-learning relating to Code of Conduct, Anti-bribery, Antitrust and Handling Information Responsibly • Cybersecurity training and awareness • Incident handling Our commercial success is dependent on our values and behaviours, together with our Code of Conduct, key policies, and monitoring and assurance processes, to support our decision-making. Combined they ensure that we continue to build trust in the Company. Our culture is monitored and assessed through a number of metrics, including our employee engagement survey, employee forum feedback, e-learning participation, reports from our confidential reporting hotline, and third-party consultant surveys. 10 years ago IHG became a member of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC). We remain committed to aligning our operations, culture and strategies with its 10 universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption. IHG Values IHG’s Values, formerly Winning Ways, reflect the values and beliefs of our employees and leadership. They underpin the way we behave, the decisions we make, our strategy and our commitment to providing True Hospitality for everyone. They reflect the diversity of our colleagues, business partners, guests and other stakeholders. Do the right thing. We always do what we believe is right and have the courage and conviction to put it into practice, even when it might be easier not to. We are honest and straightforward and see our decisions through. Show we care. We want to be the company that understands people’s needs better than anyone else in our industry. This means being sensitive to others, noticing the things that matter and taking responsibility for getting things right. Aim higher. We aim to be acknowledged leaders in our industry, so we have built a team of talented people who have a real will to win. We strive for success and value individuals who are always looking for a better way to do things. Celebrate difference. We believe that it’s the knowledge of our people that really brings our brands to life. Our global strength comes from celebrating local differences whilst understanding that some things should be kept the same. Work better together. When we work together, we are stronger. We’re at our best when we collaborate to form a powerful, winning team. We listen to each other and combine our expertise to create a strong, focused and trusted group of people Behaviours We have a set of growth behaviours that encourage corporate employees to be decisive, work at pace, be collaborative, develop talent and focus on performance to deliver our strategic objectives and purpose to provide True Hospitality for everyone. During 2019 we continued to increase our efforts to establish a high-performing culture through a series of learning events across the organisation. We also initiated a programme to help our employees sustain high impact and unlock performance throughout the organisation. The programme, focusing on holistic physical, mental and emotional health, was rolled out to 200 IHG employees. 26 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 In addition, local teams led a range of wellbeing programmes, which will be further enhanced during 2020. Our Code of Conduct IHG’s Code of Conduct (Code) is fundamental in supporting employees working in IHG corporate offices, reservation centres and managed hotels in making the right decisions, in compliance with the law and our high ethical standards. It provides information on our key principles and global policies, including human rights, diversity and inclusion, accurate reporting, information security, anti-bribery and the environment. It also provides employees with guidance on where to go if they are faced with a difficult issue and need further help. The Board, Executive Committee and all employees must comply with the Code and the policies and procedures it refers to. The Code is reviewed and approved by the Board on an annual basis to ensure it reflects and responds to changes in the external environment and continues to support IHG’s purpose and strategy. In 2019, new processes were put in place to ensure the Code e-learning modules are automatically populated in employees’ learning plans, including for all new starters. All our Board and Executive Committee, along with employees across the organisation, have affirmed their commitment to the Code. The Code is available on our website www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business under Policies, and also displayed on our Company intranet. Information security During our cybersecurity week we ran a variety of activities to help employees better understand cyber threats and mitigation strategies. Simulated phishing awareness exercises help strengthen employees’ ability to recognise suspicious emails and promote behaviours to help protect data. human rights violations, financial crime including bribery and corruption, or any other activities which may have a reputational, legal or ethical impact on IHG, prior to approval for any new hotel or entry into a new market. To help manage and monitor our corporate supply chain, an automated procurement system is used across many of our large corporate offices. In addition to acknowledging adherence to IHG’s Supplier Code of Conduct, new suppliers onboarded to the system are required to complete due diligence questionnaires, which include questions on human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption. Our internal audit team aims to provide objective and insightful assurance to the Board and management over our control environment. Internal audit also provides independent oversight of the mechanisms in place for confidential reporting across IHG, including the design and operation of the reporting hotline, and maintains an ongoing dialogue with employees from Human Resources, Ethics & Compliance and Finance to monitor: • the volume of reports received; • the source and nature of allegations received; and • the overall environment across the Group to promote a ‘speak-up’ culture. The following policies and principles are key areas within the Code, each of which is supported by its own guidance and training materials. We continue to enhance our privacy programme to address evolving privacy requirements, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act 2018. Human rights and modern slavery Helping combat human rights abuses, including modern slavery, is an ongoing commitment at IHG, and we continue to develop our policies and processes. During 2019 we enhanced our human rights programme, including significantly updating our Human Rights Policy and making available a new e-learning module for all colleagues to support in preventing human trafficking. In 2019 IHG joined the Tourism Child- Protection Code of Conduct to benefit from ECPAT-USA’s expertise in addressing human trafficking and child sexual exploitation risks within the hospitality industry. Our Modern Slavery statement is available on our website www.ihgplc.com/modernslavery Bribery and financial crime Bribery and financial crime, including improper payments, money laundering and tax evasion, are not permitted at IHG under any circumstances. This also applies to any agents, consultants and other service providers who do work on IHG’s behalf. Our Anti-Bribery Policy sets out IHG’s zero-tolerance approach and is applicable to all Directors, IHG employees and our managed hotels. It is accompanied by a mandatory anti-bribery e-learning module. Our Gifts and Entertainment Policy supports our approach to anti-bribery and corruption. Increased targeted engagement was undertaken in 2019, including face-to-face training for employees in our corporate offices. IHG is a member of Transparency International UK’s Business Integrity Forum and participates in its annual Corporate Anti-Corruption Benchmark. The results from this are used to help measure the effectiveness of the anti-bribery and corruption programme and identify areas for continuous improvement. Handling information responsibly As set out in our Code, we want everyone, including guests booking via our reservation channels, members of our loyalty programmes, colleagues, shareholders and other stakeholders, to trust the way we manage their information and are addressing cybersecurity threats. We have standards, policies and procedures in place to manage how personal data should be used and protected. In 2019 we relaunched our e-learning training for employees on handling information responsibly, covering topics such as how to work with vendors and transfer data securely. Our monitoring and assurance processes The trusted reputation of IHG and its brands is one of IHG’s most important assets. Our due diligence practices, monitoring of the health and performance of our working practices, are critical to protect this, and support our commitment to responsible business and drive commercial advantage through risk identification and mitigation. Specific monitoring arrangements are in place for key risk areas. For example, our operational risk specialists track a range of indicators of safety and security risks to assess their potential impact on hotel operations, and to consider where additional guidance, learning materials or adjustments to existing controls may be required. Despite best efforts, incidents occur across our hotel operations. IHG management reviews reported incidents as appropriate. We carry out risk-based due diligence and compliance checks on new third-party hotel owners with whom we enter into hotel management or licence agreements. A central committee of senior IHG decision- makers considers and reviews any material issues, such as concerns or allegations of Crisis management training In 2019 crisis management training and awareness exercises were run across seven IHG offices. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders 27 Strategic Report Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders continued Employee engagement At IHG we foster a culture of open and honest feedback. Responsibility for employee engagement is a company-wide activity. Through our wide range of engagement forums, management-led performance updates and Voice of the Employee, (see pages 32 and 33), we talk to employees about our performance, key metrics, values, diversity and inclusion initiatives, and we give them the opportunity to talk to each other and give feedback to the Board, Executive Committee and Senior Leaders. This information assists them in their decision making. Our employee engagement survey, ‘Colleague HeartBeat’, is measured bi-annually and is completed by our corporate, customer reservations office and managed hotel employees (excluding our joint ventures). In 2019 the survey focused on key areas associated with our business strategy. 96% of the participants responded and our overall employee engagement was 87%. We saw several positive shifts across our employee engagement, most notably in relation to questions about our growth behaviours. Areas for improvement include a focus on enabling effective work processes for employees, resource deployment, and ways of working between regional and global teams. The Executive Committee and Senior Leaders continue to look for ways to appropriately address this feedback. Reward culture Our reward packages aim to attract, retain and motivate top talent, and are centred around a set of core principles: • Our employees are recognised and paid competitively for their contribution to the Group’s success; • Reward and recognition practices are consistent across our employee population regardless of gender and other aspects of diversity; and • There is alignment between the wider workforce and how executives are rewarded. Applying a consistent approach to reward across the corporate business, which we regularly review against our competitors, ensures that we meet the needs of employees by offering market-driven rewards packages. We place great emphasis on aligning everyone to our business strategy, so that shareholders and employees have a shared interest in the performance of the Group. This alignment was further strengthened in 2019 with the launch of an employee share plan, which will encourage shared ownership and align the interests of employees with our external stakeholders. Our wider Remuneration policies are regularly reviewed by the Remuneration Committee. See the Remuneration Report and Directors Remuneration Policy on pages 96 to 117 for more information on how we align workforce and executive reward. Early talent development Recognising the significance of people to our business, we aim to attract the very best talent into our hotels through our Early Careers programme, where we provide programmes to young people looking for work experience, internships, apprenticeships and graduate opportunities. During 2019 we recruited over 15,000 participants into our Early Careers programme globally, providing them with first look experiences, work placements and permanent roles with IHG. Colleagues worldwide 400k+ 14,436 Number of employees whose costs were borne by the Group or the System Fund. IHG’s direct workforce includes employees working in IHG corporate offices, reservation centres and owned,, managed, leased and managed lease hotels. Due to our business model, we do not employ the vast majority of people working in IHG branded hotels. Franchised hotels are independently owned and operated. Our people Who leads at IHG • Board and Committees • Designated non-executive director ‘Voice of the Employee’ • Executive Committee • Senior Leaders • D&I Board • Human Resources function How we engage • Board and Committee oversight, monitoring and review • Responsible Business Targets 2018-2020 • Colleague HeartBeat • Town Halls, conversation series and blogs • Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) and other employee forums • Sustainable Leadership programmes • Rise programmes • Conscious inclusion workshops • Virtual Learning summits • IHG® Academy • Careers and job portals IHG is constantly developing, with a new organisational structure deployed in 2018, and a focus on accelerating our growth. Our people are key to delivering both our purpose of True Hospitality for everyone and our strategic initiatives. We believe that an engaged and diverse workforce, and inclusive environment are necessary to our competitiveness. We seek to employ talented people, develop and train them, and provide a diverse and inclusive culture in which they can thrive. We also seek to ensure that our approach to compensation and benefits remains competitive. Our activities The Board and Executive Committee considered the impact on employee interests regularly during the year, including in relation to the acquisition of Six Senses, diversity and inclusion initiatives, such as the adoption of a flexible working policy, and employee engagement matters. The Corporate Responsibility Committee reviews progress against our people 2018-2020 Responsible Business Targets and our CEO continues to chair our D&I Board, (see the Governance section on pages 92 and 93 for more information). 28 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 As at 31 December 2019 Male Female Total Directors Executive Committee Executive Committee direct reports Senior managers (including directors of subsidiaries) All employees (whose costs were borne by the Group or the System Fund) 7 7 4 3 11 10 40 23 63 102 34 136 6,498 7,938 14,436 We also signed a partnership with Swiss hospitality schools Les Roches, Glion and EHL to develop global hospitality talent. As a result of this partnership, IHG leaders visited the schools to participate in curriculum development and welcomed over 100 of their students into our hotels and support centres to share with them our passion for True Hospitality for everyone. As part of our Responsible Business Targets we are committed to increasing the number of young people coming through IHG’s Academy. The IHG Academy is a collaboration between individuals, IHG hotels, corporate offices, local education providers and community organisations. It provides local people with the opportunity to develop skills and improve their employment prospects in one of the world’s largest hotel companies. In 2019, several improvements were made to the programme, including first look and internship ‘Learning Pathway’ toolkits, designed to enhance the participant’s experience and support consistent execution of the programme globally. Attracting and developing top talent To ensure we achieve our strategic priorities as a business, we know we need to attract, develop and retain a diverse and talented workforce. In 2019 we continued to use our Learning Management System to ensure that all IHG employees have a more seamless experience accessing IHG learning content. In addition to improvements across our Learning offer, we launched a job posting portal (available in 13 languages) that allows our franchisees access to IHG’s career website and have their open positions included in search results. It was also a foundational year for the development of our Talent Attraction Strategy, which recognises that as the business grows, we will need to develop more creative and efficient ways to attract people to work in our hotels. Our plans include revitalising our Employer Brand to create a more enduring and distinctive value proposition and candidate experience. General Manager Learning Events The events were designed to create engaging and dynamic learning opportunities for our hotel leaders. EMEAA General Manager (GM) Learning Events During 2019, IHG held GM Learning Events across EMEAA, welcoming 632 GMs to a number of four-day events. The events were designed to create engaging and dynamic learning opportunities for our hotel leaders. The IHG Learning and Development team designed the agenda to deepen GM knowledge across the region and provide them with the right tools to drive performance at their hotels. All the learning modules were developed in support of IHG’s growth strategy and to maximise each GM’s personal development. 90% of attendees would recommend the Learning Events to other GMs. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders 29 2. Increasing the diversity of our leadership talent 3. Putting the right decision-making around our actions Strategic Report Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders continued Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) Our D&I Framework 1. Strengthening a culture of inclusion IHG is a global business with a global reach and as such D&I is fundamental for us to succeed. Our colleagues and guests represent multiple nationalities, cultures, races, sexual orientation, backgrounds and beliefs. It makes for a diverse and inclusive culture we are proud of, underpins our purpose to provide True Hospitality for everyone and is key to our ‘celebrate difference’ value. Our special culture is crucial to who we are, how we work together and how we grow our business. We are proud to have been recognised as a Kincentric (formerly a part of Aon) Global Best Employer three years running, Best Place to Work for LGBTQ Equality, by the Human Rights Campaign’s Corporate Equality Index in the US for the past six years, and for our CEO to be awarded third place in the HERoes awards for advocating women in business. We are committed to a continual review of our practices and policies, such as raising awareness of bias at all levels in our hiring processes and reviewing flexible working processes and policies. We have signed up to the WiHTL’s Diversity in Hospitality, Travel and Leisure Charter, a 10-point action plan that ensures diversity and inclusion not only remains a priority but that we openly track progress towards our goals. We also support the UN LGBTI Standards for Business, which focus on tackling discrimination against lesbian, gay, bi, trans and intersex people. And at the beginning of 2020, IHG became signatories of the CEO Action for Diversity and Inclusion, and The Valuable 500. The Nomination Committee was accountable for our global D&I Policy during 2019, but this responsibility will move to the Corporate Responsibility Committee in 2020. The operational D&I Board ensures that we put the D&I policy into practice. For more information see the Governance section on pages 92 and 93. 30 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 1. Strengthening a culture of inclusion At IHG one of the core pillars of our D&I strategy is to foster a culture of inclusion so all employees feel included, valued and respected. Last year our Senior Leaders took part in a conscious inclusion programme to equip them to role model inclusive leadership and champion the flexible working guidelines that we have launched globally. We piloted changes to our recruitment practices which we plan to scale globally in 2020. We also expanded our existing Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) globally following regional success, and now have more than 1,700 members across groups such as Out and Open, FAVE (field and virtual employees), PATH (pan Asians for true hospitality), BBX (baby boomers and Gen X), and DAWN (disability and well-being network). For example, Out and Open is a forum for colleagues to get involved with LGBTQ+ focused activities and conversations. The ERG has more than 150 active members, who come together throughout the year to celebrate key dates in the LGBTQ+ calendar. Through collaboration with Hotel Indigo, Out and Open helped launch the #ColorOfPride campaign, which all Hotel Indigo properties in the Americas celebrated. They continued the theme into our Atlanta Pride celebrations, which is the biggest event for IHG Out and Open each year. Annually, around 250 colleagues, friends and family volunteer their time in the IHG booth and walk with the IHG float in the Pride parade. At the Holiday Inn Singapore Orchard City Centre, approximately 12% of staff are colleagues with disabilities. The hotel, which has been recognised for its work in this area by the UN, invests in providing training for managers to adjust to the different ways of communicating with persons with disabilities. This includes encouraging managers to give more regular feedback, supervision and encouragement to colleagues with disabilities to ensure they always feel a part of the IHG family. Within India, Nepal and Bangladesh, we have close to 100 colleagues with disabilities working for IHG branded hotels. To cultivate a supportive environment for them, we have partnered with the Sarthak Educational Trust to deliver training sessions for hotel colleagues and developed a toolkit and a series of guidance videos on working with colleagues with disabilities. 2. Increasing the diversity of our leadership talent As part of our 2018-2020 Responsible Business Targets we made a commitment to increase the diversity of our Senior Leaders, as well as increase the number of females working in General Manager and Operations roles in managed hotels. Although our overall percentage of female Senior Leaders, currently 37% globally, is the same as our 2017 baseline, we are committed to furthering the opportunities for female leaders. We continue to drive increased representation through initiatives such as the development of our Future Leaders’ programme, which provides graduate-level talent with the opportunity to work across a range of departments and geographies. We have also extended our Rise mentoring initiative for aspiring female General Managers to China, India, the Middle East, Europe and the Americas, which enabled us to increase the percentage of women in General Manager and Operations roles from 24% to 26%. 3. Putting the right decision-making around our actions In 2018 we established our Global Diversity & Inclusion Board, (D&I Board), led by our CEO and other Senior Leaders in IHG who are responsible for shaping IHG’s diversity and inclusion priorities. The D&I Board worked with a third-party independent partner to gain a different perspective of our business and help us identify areas for improvement. The key objectives of the partnership were to identify the ‘typical profile’ of individuals deemed to be successful at IHG, understand real and perceived barriers to success for women, and define actions to address those barriers and improve leadership gender balance. As a result of this work we took several actions, such as the launch of our flexible working policy. As part of our ongoing commitment to diversity and inclusion we also launched Diversity & Inclusion Councils across our regions in 2019, which represent the voice of our regions and markets, making sure we listen to employees and engage on local priorities, as well as collaborating to roll out initiatives. For the ninth consecutive year, IHG has earned a spot on the Atlanta Journal- Constitution’s Top Workplaces list IHG CEO Keith Barr ranked within top 3 40 Advocate Executives The HERoes Women Role Model List 100% rating in the Human Rights Campaign’s Corporate Equality Index making IHG a best place to work for LGBTQ Equality in the US or the last six years Listed by the Hampton- Alexander Review in the top 10 of FTSE 100 companies for female representation among senior leadership Kincentric (formerly a part of Aon) Global Best Employer for three years running IHG Change 100 won ‘Best Initiative’ in HR Talent & Management at the Worldwide Hospitality Awards IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders 31 Strategic Report Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders continued Workforce engagement Designated non- executive director Role 2019 engagement Insights and learnings Board actions 2020 plans 32 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Designated non- executive director As part of IHG’s commitment to compliance with the UK 2018 Corporate Governance Code, the Board asked Luke Mayhew, Non-Executive Director (NED), to conduct a review and recommend the best way for the Board to engage with, and take fully into account, the views of employees, and how that would align with IHG’s existing employee forums, feedback mechanisms and monitoring by the Board. Luke was supported in the review by the CEO, Chief Human Resources Officer and Company Secretary. He reported to the Nomination Committee during the course of the year, which in turn made a proposal to the Board that a designated non-executive director was the most appropriate approach for IHG, as it aligned with existing employee engagement forums. The Board formally appointed Luke as the designated non- executive director with responsibility for workforce engagement (Voice of the Employee) in August 2019. Due to the global reach of IHG, Luke is supported in his role by Jill McDonald (Chair of the Corporate Responsibility Committee), as well as other NEDs depending on the forum and topic matter. All Directors engage with employees during the course of the year as part of hotel and office visits. The Board will review this approach annually in the light of any changing governance expectations and ongoing feedback. Luke’s role is to: Role • Ensure that employee interests and feedback are structured into the Board’s deliberations and the setting of KPIs; • Support management in the design and content of structured Board discussions on culture and employee engagement; and • Review the effectiveness of wider employee engagement approaches. His responsibilities include ensuring that: • The Board, through the Executive, has effective methods of receiving feedback from employees and communicating Board and executive decisions and priorities throughout the organisation; • All significant business and budget proposals include a management assessment on the impact on employees; • Executives share employee feedback openly, transparently and in a balanced way, including reviewing employee engagement surveys and other employee reports including whistleblowing; Insights and learnings Insights from the forums included understanding: • How informal peer support amongst employees works across a range of topics; • How formal management engagement with employee forum representatives is conducted; • How the CEO and other Executive Committee members communicate performance and culture updates with employees; • How the D&I Board works and the commitment to rolling out this initiative; • How regional ERGs are launched and the key issues they discuss; • How culture-related initiatives resonate most effectively with employees; and • How our employee engagement survey, (Colleague HeartBeat), results are analysed and acted on by management. As well as Luke’s activities, Jo Harlow attended a European Employee Forum and Jill McDonald attended an ERG and D&I overview session in Atlanta. Patrick Cescau visited Japan with Kenneth Macpherson in February 2019 where he met employees, and visited Mexico with Elie Maalouf in June 2019 and met IHG leaders and employees in the region. Board actions The Board did not consider that any significant change of direction or overall approach to engagement was needed in light of Luke’s activities. However, following his observations and feedback the following are being actioned by HR: • Improved employee dashboards and scorecards to better enable the Board’s appreciation of employee concerns and engagement results; 2020 plans With the responsibilities and expectations agreed and fully trialled in 2019, a plan of meetings and review sessions has been scheduled for 2020. The schedule includes opportunities to meet and talk to a range of employees in different locations across band levels, and further develop Luke’s understanding of employee issues and concerns. He will meet them at a variety of IHG’s existing employee engagement forums, such as Town Halls, virtual interface meetings and corporate regional office visits. The meetings will also give employees the opportunity to give feedback to the Board, through Luke. Meeting and engagement topics to include: • Performance results – employee questions and management responses; • Employee feedback on the transformation programme and IHG competitiveness; • Manager-level employee issues and observations; • D&I Board perspectives; • Lean In peer support issues and activities; • European Employee Forum – engagement with Forum representatives; and • Regional ERG activities. Planned 2020 Voice of the Employee and Board reviews and interactions, ahead or as part of Board meetings, include: • Review of the engagement dashboard with Luke and Jill; • Review of the HR scorecard and employee engagement dashboard, and deep-dive into specific areas of Board interest; • Participation in a virtual employee interface session with Company managers in Asia; and • People and Culture Strategy and Voice of • Revised and additional wording in the Employee feedback discussion. engagement surveys to gain more relevant feedback on the impact and progress of the transformation programme; and • Active Board support for diversity and inclusion initiatives being launched across IHG and the optimisation by the Executive Committee of ERGs as the most effective touchpoint with the Voice of the Employee. In addition: • Luke and other NEDs will discuss any material feedback from their meetings with employees, as and when it is received; • All relevant Board and budget papers will continue to have an employee impact assessment; and • The Board will regularly review the approach in line with best practice and changes in regulation. • The Board considers any dissonance between what is reported to it and what emerges from feedback to the Voice of the Employee; and • Other NEDs gather feedback and perspectives from employees too. Human Resources (HR) provides Luke with support regarding planning and engagement forums, and shares findings on employee engagement surveys and HR scorecards. Luke is expected to seek feedback from other NEDs, in a private session at each Board meeting, from their meetings with employees and discuss insights with the CEO and Board as appropriate. In addition, he will respond to shareholders on questions of governance in respect of the Voice of the Employee. 2019 engagement During 2019 a schedule of employee forums and meetings was agreed with Luke to attend and appreciate the scope of existing engagement methods, employee concerns and points of view on company culture, diversity and inclusion, career opportunities, strategy and performance, as well as to discuss the role of the Board and its Committees. Luke visited our corporate offices in Atlanta in the US, and Branston and Denham in the UK and observed a number of Town Hall meetings, attended a variety of employee meetings and focus groups, including Lean In Circles and employee resource group (ERG) meetings, with employees from all band levels, across all IHG functions. Those locations were chosen as they are our main corporate headquarters where we have 3,098 employees. Branston was a key location in our 2018 transformation programme, where 78 new roles were created. In Atlanta there are eight active employee groups reflecting employee communities. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders 33 Strategic Report Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders continued Environment Who leads at IHG • Board and Committees • Executive Committee • Senior Leaders • IHG Responsible Business Governance Committee (represented by senior management from across the business) • Corporate Responsibility function How we engage • Board and Committee oversight, monitoring and review • Responsible Business Targets 2018-2020 • Dashboards sent monthly to Executive Committee on progress against our hotel carbon reduction target • Responsible Business Report • IHG Green Engage™ system With 5,903 hotels operating in more than 100 countries, we recognise the risks presented by climate change, which have the potential to impact our performance and growth, and our responsibility to keep adapting to meet the challenge. In 2019, the Board considered the Company’s post-2020 environmental sustainability approach and ambitions, and the Corporate Responsibility Committee endorsed new sustainability commitments, including a science-based target for carbon reduction by 2030, and reporting in line with the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. Tackling climate change related issues involves collaboration with our key stakeholders to find solutions and innovations to drive positive outcomes. We are uniquely placed to educate and support behavioural change amongst our third-party hotel owners, suppliers and millions of guests, and will continue to develop our approach. Our activities Environmental sustainability Our environmental policy sets out our approach to measuring and managing our environmental impact, and supports and guides our colleagues and hotels to find innovative ways to reduce our environmental footprint. Our group-wide online digital sustainability platform, the IHG Green Engage™ system, helps hotels and colleagues measure and reduce energy, carbon, water and waste. Carbon and energy One of our Responsible Business Targets is to reduce our carbon footprint per occupied room by 6-7% over the period 2018-2020. Over a two year period, we have reduced our carbon footprint by 5.9% per occupied room, including a 3.7% reduction in 2019, from a 2017 baseline. As we look at our longer-term ambitions, we know that we have to do more, which is why we have set a 2030 science-based target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 200m IHG is significantly reducing the number of bathroom miniatures used in its hotels each year In July 2019 we were the first global hotel group to commit to removing single use miniature bathroom amenities from our entire estate. 34 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Waste To help address the waste generated by our corporate offices and hotels, from food to plastics and linens, and make our offices and hotels more sustainable, we have mapped out the biggest areas of waste within our operations and considered our global and environmental impact, operational requirements and guest experience. We are proud to be the first global hotel group to commit to switching all our bathroom amenities to bulk-size products. Food waste is a big challenge for our industry and we recognise we have more to do in this area. We have partnered with a third-party technology company in 24 hotels to use their AI technology to track, measure and reduce food waste for more sustainable and efficient restaurant and bar operations. On average we have achieved reductions of 35%. Water Following a comprehensive water risk assessment in 2016, and reassessment in 2019 of our open hotels and pipeline, we have identified risks related to water quantity and quality and developed water stewardship action plans for our hotels in water stressed areas. In 2018 we committed to launching two water stewardship projects each year, and in 2019 we launched two projects in Beijing and Bali. To signal our continued water stewardship work, CEO Keith Barr has signed a commitment of membership to the UN Global Compact CEO Water Mandate. This represents a pledge to six core commitments that mobilises business leaders on water, sanitation, and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Further information about our Responsible Business Targets and our responsible business approach is available on our website www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business See details of our greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on page 223. Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) Building on the work we have done to set science-based targets, we have made a formal commitment to implement the recommendations of the TCFD, and in 2020 we will be developing a disclosure roadmap for the coming years. Community Who leads at IHG • Board and Committees • Executive Committee • Senior Leaders • IHG Responsible Business Governance Committee (Represented by Senior Leadership from across the business) • Corporate Responsibility function How we engage • Board and Committee oversight, monitoring and review • Responsible Business Targets 2018-2020 • True Hospitality for Good programme • Giving for Good month • Charitable partnerships • Volunteering days • Responsible Business Report The travel and tourism industry accounts for 1 in 10 jobs globally with hotels in thousands of communities. The resilience and the prosperity of those communities and their people are important factors to how we operate and our long-term success. Our community policy supports and guides our hotels and colleagues on how to be a responsible partner with our communities, whilst ensuring that our business objectives enhance the quality of life in the community. Our activities We aim to maximise the positive contribution we make by creating shared value in our communities through our True Hospitality for Good programme. We form strategic partnerships with non-government organisations, (NGOs), and charities that can help to make a difference in communities and wider society, helping shape a positive future for generations to come. In 2019 we launched volunteering guidelines and encouraged employees to take two paid days each year to help charitable causes. Our Board and Executive Committee have evaluated our future approach to supporting local communities, as part of our post-2020 responsible business ambitions, and recognise that we need to keep developing our approach. Charitable partnerships In 2019, through our partnerships with NGOs and charities, we contributed more than $1.3m to projects and causes in areas of hospitality skills building, environmental sustainability and disaster relief, supporting 25,000 people globally. We work with global disaster relief agencies to provide support and preparedness training in the event of natural disasters for our colleagues and local communities. Giving for Good month Our Giving for Good month in September 2019 brought colleagues together to make positive change through volunteering, taking care of the environment, and activities focused on health, fitness and wellbeing. A record-breaking 160,000 colleagues in 88 countries took part in 2019, volunteering 188,000 hours of their time. For details of our IHG Academy programme see page 29 IHG First Look In 2019 as part of our commitment to helping young people gain skills and experience in hospitality, we partnered with JA (Junior Achievement) Worldwide, one of the world’s largest youth-serving NGOs, which focuses on preparing people for future employment and entrepreneurship. Through an IHG Foundation legacy grant, we worked to develop a curriculum to run hotel work-experience events called IHG First Look; providing young people with the opportunity to receive hands-on experience working in a hotel. Combining classroom working and a practical hotel takeover, students receive a close-up look at what a career in hospitality involves. Initiated during 2019, this year-long partnership will support more than 750 young people to gain skills and experience in hospitality, in nine major markets. Building on the relationship, in early 2020 we began running a set of innovation camps, which focus on solving a sustainability-based problem core to the hospitality industry. 750 young people gained skills and experience in nine major markets. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders 35 Strategic Report Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders continued Investors and shareholders Who leads at IHG • Board and Committees • Executive Committee • Investor Relations function • Functional business partners including Corporate Affairs, Human Resources and Business Reputation and Responsibility How we engage • Board and Committee oversight, monitoring and review • Annual General Meeting (AGM) and General Meetings • Results presentations • Investor roadshows, face-to-face meetings and presentations • Annual investor perception survey • Asset reunification programme • Shareholder dealing programme • Annual Report and Form 20-F, Responsible Business and other publications • Website, media and regulatory announcements We recognise that our purpose, culture, business model and strategy are fundamental to attracting and retaining investment in our Company. With a commitment to open dialogue we maintain a comprehensive programme of investor relations activities. In order to keep up-to-date with best practice and market views, the Company solicits independent advice and assesses guidance provided by a number of agencies, including the Investment Association. Our activities Shareholder meetings We consider our AGM and, when we need to hold them, General Meetings, to be invaluable forums for communicating with investors and shareholders, both formally as part of the meeting, and informally afterwards. During 2019 we held a General Meeting in January to approve a share consolidation proposal, and held our AGM in May to conduct our usual statutory business. A formal external review of investor perceptions is presented to the Board on an annual basis and both the Executive Committee and the Board receive regular updates on shareholder relations to ensure that they are made aware of and understand the views and perceptions of our major shareholders, in order to develop a balanced understanding. The 2020 AGM will be held at 11:00 on Thursday 7 May 2020. The notice convening the meeting, including details of the conditions of admission, will be sent to shareholders and be available at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Shareholder centre in the AGMs and meetings section, along with the results of the 2019 AGM and General Meeting. In addition, our Registrar, Equiniti, and J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., custodians of our American Depositary Receipts (ADR) programme, have teams equipped to deal with shareholder and ADR holder queries. Results presentations Each year Keith Barr and Paul Edgecliffe- Johnson present to institutional investors, analysts and the media following our half-year and full-year results announcements. Telephone conferences are held following the release of our first and third-quarter trading updates, including Q&A sessions with sell-side analysts. 36 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 The Investor Relations team also engaged with retail shareholders and hosted two investor forums in London during 2019 to help shareholders understand our strategy and performance. The feedback and insights from these events will help us develop and shape future engagement. In addition to this, we held a series of investor consultation meetings between our Chair of the Remuneration Committee, Jo Harlow and major shareholders seeking feedback on the proposed Directors’ Remuneration Policy. The Senior Independent Director, Dale Morrison, was and remains available to shareholders if they have concerns they wish to discuss. Shareholder services During 2019, IHG ran its annual share- dealing programme for shareholders with shareholdings of up to 225 shares, giving them the option to sell or increase their shareholdings at a preferable set fee. Shareholders who sold their shares had the option to donate their proceeds to charity. Investor meetings As part of our annual cycle we have a programme of one-to-one meetings with major institutional shareholders, including Non-Executive Director meetings, hosted by the Chair. We also attend key institutional investor conferences and hold a series of investor roadshow events in the UK, US, Canada and Europe. In addition, we hold telephone conference events with investors and shareholders in other countries to keep them up-to-date with IHG performance and strategy, and engage with them on their areas of interest. Elie Maalouf and Kenneth Macpherson held investor roundtables during the year and investor hotel tours took place in both London and Cardiff. During November we hosted an education event about our business in Greater China, with Keith Barr and Jolyon Bulley outlining our competitive position and strategy in that region. To enable as many shareholders as possible to access conferences and presentations, telephone dial-in facilities are made available in advance and live audio webcasts are made available after results presentations, together with associated data and documentation. These can be found at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Results and presentations. Details of the sell-side research analysts who publish research on the Group are available at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Analyst details and consensus. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders 37 Strategic Report Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders continued Suppliers Who leads at IHG • Board and Committees • Oversight from the Chief Financial Officer • IHG Responsible Business Governance Committee • Procurement function, including Strategic Supplier Management Office (SSMO) How we engage • Board and Committee oversight, monitoring and review • Responsible Business Targets 2018-2020 • Supplier Code of Conduct • IHG Green Supplier scorecard • Employee education programme on responsible procurement • Supplier risk assurance programme Being a trusted business with a strong reputation is critical to our long-term operational growth. Our scale gives hotels under our brands the benefits of broader supply chain opportunities and consistent products and services, which in turn benefits our guests. We have a complex supply chain and work with suppliers who share our commitment to our responsible business agenda and ethical work practices. The Procurement function drives IHG’s Responsible Business agenda into our supply chains. During 2019 the function focused on enhancing the foundations for responsible procurement in IHG, through the supply chain risk assurance programme, employee awareness of responsible procurement and our IHG Green Supplier programme, which evaluates prospective suppliers across a number of sustainability factors. During 2019, we made progress with our supplier risk assurance programme pilot, with support from the British Standards Institute. As part of the introductory pilot, which began in 2018, we issued a desktop- based risk assessment questionnaire to all IHG Marketplace suppliers to help us understand their governance, human rights and environmental practices. In 2019, we reviewed responses and categorised them based on their risk profile. We will expand the scope beyond the IHG Marketplace suppliers group in the next phase of our programme. The initial pilot has been an important step in understanding our supply base. The Strategic Supplier Management Office, (SSMO), supports strategic suppliers, identified for their contractual and operational value, via business performance reviews to promote value realisation, risk mitigation and create healthy supplier partnerships. Our activities Our supply chain activities are split into two categories – corporate and hotel supply chains. Our corporate supply chain covers items such as technology and professional services. Procurement of goods and services at hotel level, covers items required for opening, renovating and operating a hotel, such as food and beverages, furniture, linen and electrical goods. Procurement predominantly occurs at local hotel level as our hotels are largely owned by independent third-party owners, who are responsible for managing their own independent supply chains. In certain cases, IHG provides a centralised procurement programme for both managed and franchised hotels, such as IHG® Marketplace in the Americas region (for US, Canada, Mexico) and IHG Mall in Greater China. IHG also provides purchasing support and leverages procurement platforms for managed hotels in some countries within EMEAA. 38 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 During the year our Supplier Code of Conduct was updated and approved by the Corporate Responsibility Committee. The Supplier Code sets out our requirement for suppliers to demonstrate that they act with integrity and respect for human rights and the environment. We expect our suppliers to adhere to these standards, both within their own business and across their supply chains. IHG complies with the statutory reporting duty on payment practices and performance and is a signatory of the Prompt Payment Code. See also our business relationships disclosure on page 224. IHG Green Supplier Scorecard introduced in 2019 3,688 Suppliers signed the IHG Supplier Code of Conduct at 31 December 2019 In 2019, our spend with diverse suppliers in the US, increased by 43% to $102m Responsible procurement education programme launched in 2019 Gender-inclusive supply chain Following a review of our supply chain, we identified textiles as a priority supply chain commodity, given they are widely present in our hotels. At IHG, we know that gender- inclusivity is essential for a sustainable business, leading to more productive, resilient and secure value chains. This is why in partnership with CARE International and our key suppliers, we are exploring the social impacts that can be gained through creating more gender-inclusive workplaces via a detailed supply-chain mapping and gender risk analysis exercise. Hotel owners Who leads at IHG • Board and Committees • Executive Committee • Senior Leaders • Regional hotel lifecycle and growth functions • Regional hotel operational support functions How we engage • Board and Committee oversight, monitoring and review • IHG Owners Association meetings • International Hotel Investment Forum (IHIF) • Owner HeartBeat surveys • Regional brand and owner conferences • Owner portfolio and hotel reviews • Dedicated operational support • Hotel openings • Hospitality industry forums Our global network of hotel owners is one of IHG’s greatest strengths and we continually look to evolve our owner proposition. Our success is reliant on matching owners with the right brands in our portfolio and markets, sharing a common outlook on responsible business and working together to use our scale and resources to drive strong returns. From meeting to discuss a new project, to planning every facet of a hotel’s operations, to the opening itself, we focus on building businesses. Once open, we support owners with world class, brand-specific resources that help drive hotel employee performance, improved guest satisfaction and increased revenues. Our activities Across our managed estate hotel operations, including operations leaders, General Managers, hotel employees and corporate operations support, regularly engage with owners on hotel performance. Our franchise performance support teams engage with franchised owners and operators through annual portfolio or hotel reviews. For more information on the IHGOA see www.owners.org We also engage with the IHG Owners Association (IHGOA), the representative body of more than 4,500 hotel owners and operators for nearly 3,600 IHG branded hotels worldwide, in relation to brand initiatives, industry topics and hotel operations. In 2019, we worked with various IHGOA committees to obtain owner feedback on IHG standards, programmes and initiatives that impact both owners and guests. In particular, we engaged with the IHGOA on our System Fund. We also establish, when appropriate, working groups with key owners in relation to major public issues relevant to the hospitality sector. In 2019, for example, we formed a group to consider Brexit. In 2019, members of the Board and Executive Committee engaged with a number of our key owners at events including: • The 2019 World Economic Forum in Davos; • The 2019 NYU International Hospitality Industry Conference in New York; • Strategic Owners Gathering at the InterContinental Zhuhai Yanheng, celebrating Greater China’s 400th hotel milestone; • Hotel openings, including InterContinental Beppu Resort and Spa in Japan, InterContinental Houston – Medical Center in the US, and Kimpton Da’an in Taipei; • Dinners at the InterContinental Berlin (as part of the IHIF), and at the InterContinental Shanghai Wonderland; • Face-to-face meetings during visits to priority markets, including Mainland China, Japan and Mexico; and • Americas Investors and Leadership Conference for owners and General Managers in Las Vegas. See page 23 for details about how we are optimising our brand portfolio for our owners and guests. 3,780 owners and operators at the Americas Investors and Leadership Conference for owners and General Managers, in Las Vegas IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders 39 Strategic Report Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders continued Hotel guests and corporate clients Who leads at IHG • Board and Committees • Executive Committee • Senior Leaders • Global Marketing function • Hotel-facing operations How we engage • Board and Committee oversight, monitoring and review • Hotel visits • Corporate and brand websites • IHG Rewards Club • Guest HeartBeat surveys • Guest relations • Social media channels We recognise that our hotel guests and corporate clients want to do business with a trusted company, with a reputation for strong business ethics, and a wide portfolio of hotel brands, which understands and responds to their environmental and community concerns. See page 23 for details about how we are optimising our brand portfolio for our owners and guests. Our activities Strengthening our loyalty programme is one of our strategic drivers and a key foundation for engaging with our guests. See page 20 for more information. As part of our purpose to provide True Hospitality for everyone we consider guest experience extremely important: • We have a dedicated team with a customer-centric agenda focused on measuring guest satisfaction through data-driven insights derived from post- stay surveys and social reviews, which are validated and posted on IHG branded websites and social media. Data collected informs us how our hotels are performing, and helps us to support hotels to improve where required. • We have nine contact centres in six countries, with over 3,300 agents on hand to help guests. They speak 13 different languages and handled 26.6 million guest 30m 27m post-stay guest surveys social media reviews we have 3,300 agents speaking 13 languages, helping guests issues and questions in 2019. • Agents assist our guests with reservations, loyalty programme support and other customer service enquiries via telephone, email, on-line chat and social media. During 2019 we continued to enhance guest experience through several technology initiatives, including IHG Connect, where guests can connect to wifi in our hotels with ease, and IHG Studio, where content from guests’ devices can be streamed in their individual hotel room. See page 9 for more information. Whether for business or leisure, we know, through our guest insight efforts, that hotel guests increasingly want their stays to be more sustainable without any impact on the quality of their experience. See page 9 for information about our environmental activities, including our commitment to reducing plastic bathroom miniatures, which has received positive guest feedback. 40 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Non-financial information Non-financial information, including a description of policies, due diligence processes and outcomes, where applicable, is set out as follows: • Environmental matters on page 34 • Social matters on page 35 • Anti-corruption and anti-bribery matters on pages 26 and 27 • Employee matters on pages 28 to 33 • Respect for human rights on pages 26 and 27 • A description of the Group’s business model on pages 10 to 13 • The Group’s principal risks on pages 48 to 53 • The Group’s KPIs on pages 42 to 45 Employee engagement IHG has a number of forums, such as Town Halls, weekly office updates and performance metrics, through which employees are provided with information on matters of concern to them, including awareness of financial and economic factors affecting the performance of the Company, career development opportunities and Company policies and principles. In addition there are opportunities to give feedback to Senior Leaders, Executive Committee members and the Board through Q&A sessions, engagement surveys and the Voice of the Employee meetings. During 2019, an employee share plan was introduced, which also continues to raise awareness of the performance of the Company with employees. Further information about how the Board and Senior Leaders engaged with employees during the year, and have taken their interests into account, is set out on pages 28 to 33, and in the Governance section on pages 78 to 117. Business relationships with suppliers, customers and others As part of our strategic growth initiatives, the interests of our suppliers, guests and hotel owners are taken into account in our commercial decisions. We engage with them at all levels of the Company. Details of our relationship with them are set out on pages 38 to 40, and should be read together with our disclosures in the rest of the Strategic Report, as well as the Governance and Directors’ Report sections on pages 78 to 117 and 221 to 224. Compliance Statements As a UK publicly listed company we have to comply with numerous regulations. In order to make it easier to assess compliance, we have presented some of our compliance statements below. Our statement of compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code can be found on pages 94 and 95. Section 172(1) A director of a company must act in the way he or she considers, in good faith, would most likely promote the success of the company for the benefit of its members as a whole, and in doing so have regard (amongst other matters) to: • the likely consequences of any decisions in the long-term; • the interests of the company’s employees; • the need to foster the company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others; • the impact of the company’s operations on the community and environment; • the desirability of the company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct; and • the need to act fairly as between members of the company. The Board considers that it has complied in all material respects with their s172(1) duties. Details of how the Board of Directors discharged its duties are set out in the Strategic Report pages 24 to 40 and should be read in conjunction with information disclosed in the Governance section, on pages 78 to 117. The Board and its Committees received Board papers, presentations and reports, participated in discussions and considered the impact of the Company’s activities on its key stakeholders, (wherever relevant), against the backdrop of the Company’s purpose, values and strategies. Further information about our responsible business approach is available on our website www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders 41 Strategic Report Key performance indicators (KPIs) Our KPIs are carefully selected to allow us to monitor the delivery of our strategy and long-term success. They are organised around our Strategic Model, which is underpinned by doing business responsibly, (see page 18). KPIs are reviewed annually by senior management to ensure continued alignment to our strategy and Responsible Business targets and are included in internal reporting and regularly monitored. Measures included are those considered most relevant in assessing the performance of the business and relate to our growth agenda and commitment to our major stakeholders including owners, guests, colleagues, shareholders and the communities in which we work. KPIs should be read in conjunction with the other sections of the Strategic Report, and where applicable, references to specific relevant topics are noted against each KPI. A guide to this KPI section Link between KPIs and Director remuneration As we continued our focus on delivering high-quality growth as in prior years, Directors’ Remuneration for 2019 was directly related to key aspects of our Strategic Model. The following indicates which KPIs have impacted Directors’ Remuneration: A The Annual Performance Plan LT The Long Term Incentive Plan • 70% was linked to operating profit from • 40% was linked to Total Shareholder Return reportable segments • 30% was linked to strategic measures, of which: – 15% was linked to improvements in net System size growth – 15% was linked to the delivery of our comprehensive efficiency programmea • 20% was linked to rooms growth • 20% was linked to Total Gross Revenue growth • 20% was linked to cash flow generation For more information on Directors’ Remuneration see pages 96 to 117 Link to our Strategic Model Our Strategic Model is at the heart of our success. The five strategic initiatives are represented as follows: 1 Build and leverage scale 4 Evolve owner proposition 2 Strengthen loyalty programme 3 Enhance revenue delivery 5 Optimise our preferred portfolio of brands for owners and guests Link to Responsible Business We consult with our stakeholders to determine the issues that are most relevant to them and IHG. Based on this feedback there are four priority areas, which are indicated by the following icons: KPIs Net rooms supply Net total number of rooms in the IHG System. Increasing our rooms supply provides significant advantages of scale, including increasing the value of our loyalty programme. This measure is a key indicator of achievement of our growth agenda (see page 18). Signings Gross total number of rooms added to the IHG pipeline. Continued signings secure the future growth of our System and continued efficiencies of scale. Signings indicate our ability to deliver sustained growth (see page 18). A LT 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 A 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 a See reorganisation costs on page 72 for further information. 42 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Our people Environment Community Responsible procurement 883,563 836,541 798,075 767,135 744,368 97,754 98,814 83,481 75,812 78,438 2019 status and 2020 priorities 2019 status Increased net System size growth to 5.6%, our highest growth rate in over 10 years and acceleration from ~3% in 2016, taking total rooms supply to 883,563 rooms. Signings decreased -1%, with a record performance in Greater China and EMEAA offset by a decline in the Americas where 2018 signings were boosted by the launch of avid hotels. We increased our share of signings in key markets globally, driven by the addition of five new brands in the last two years. 2019 performance was driven by: • Further growth of our established brands: – Our highest ever number of openings for the Holiday Inn Brand Family. – InterContinental Hotels & Resorts reinforcing its position as the largest global luxury hotel brand with nine openings in 2019. • Record openings and signings in Greater China and record signings in EMEAA. • The acquisition of Six Senses and signing of a further ten deals post-acquisition. • Launch of new mainstream brand Atwell Suites with ten signings in 2019. • Scaling of recently launched brands with: – avid hotels adding six openings and 54 signings in 2019. – voco hotels growing to 12 hotels opened by the end of 2019, with a total of 33 signed since launch. 2020 priorities • Continued focus on delivering industry-leading net System size growth. • Further scale avid hotels in the US and voco hotels globally. • Grow the footprint of our new luxury brands Regent and Six Senses. • Expand Kimpton and Hotel Indigo’s international presence. • Drive Atwell Suites signings and prepare for the first openings in the US. KPIs 2019 status and 2020 priorities 2019 2.0% • Grew digital (web and mobile) revenue by 7% to $5.6 billion. 2019 status • Net System size growth of 5.6% supported growth in underlying fee revenue of 2% in a weaker RevPAR environment. 6.4% • Revenue Management for hire now adopted in over 3,500 hotels across our estate. 2018 2017 A LT 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Growth in underlying fee revenuesa, b Group revenue from reportable segments excluding revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels, significant liquidated damages and current year acquisitions, stated at constant currency. Underlying fee revenue growth demonstrates the continued attractiveness to owners and guests of IHG’s franchised and managed business (see page 10). Total gross revenue from hotels in IHG’s Systemb Total rooms revenue from franchised hotels and total hotel revenue from managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels. Other than for owned, leased and managed lease hotels, it is not revenue wholly attributable to IHG, as it is mainly derived from hotels owned by third parties. The growth in gross revenue from IHG’s System illustrates the value of our overall System to our owners (see page 11). System contribution to revenue The percentage of room revenue booked through IHG’s direct and indirect systems and channels. System contribution is an indicator of IHG value-add and the success of our marketing distribution channels (see page 10). Global RevPAR growth Revenue per available room: rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights that are available. RevPAR growth indicates the increased value guests ascribe to our brands in the markets in which we operate and is a key measure widely used in our industry (see page 8). -0.3% 2019 2018 2017 2.5% 2.7% 2016 1.8% 2015 4.4% Guest Love IHG’s guest satisfaction measurement indicator. Guest satisfaction is fundamental to our continued success and is a key measure to monitor the risk of failing to deliver preferred brands that meet guests’ expectations (see page 49 for details). A 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 82.4% 81.7% 80.9% 80.4% 79.5%c $27.9bn $27.4bn $25.7bn $24.5bn $24.0bn 79% 78% 76% 75% 73% • IHG Connect, our seamless wifi guest login, is now implemented or being installed in over 4,500 hotels globally. • Continued to innovate through use of technology including initiation of a pilot for attribute pricing through our Guest Reservation System (see page 21). • Further strengthened loyalty offer with new partnerships including the addition of Mr & Mrs Smith luxury and boutique properties to IHG Rewards Club and sponsorship of the US Open Tennis Championship (see page 20). • Extended our InterContinental Alliance Resorts and Sands partnership to new hotels in Macau SAR, providing additional opportunities for guests to earn and redeem points in highly desirable locations. • Conducted pilots of variable points pricing for redemption nights and pay with points for additional services during guest stays. 2020 priorities • Commence roll out of attribute pricing via IHG Concerto. • Continue to innovate our loyalty offering including in-hotel experiences and brand integrations, to provide greater opportunities for our members to earn and redeem IHG Rewards Club points. • Maintain our focus on increasing contribution from IHG Rewards Club members and through direct bookings via our website or call centres. • Continue to develop strategic partnerships to enhance the value of our loyalty programme for members. 2019 status • RevPAR declined slightly in 2019 as industry growth slowed, impacted by macro and geopolitical uncertainties, increased supply growth in some markets, and ongoing unrest in Hong Kong SAR. • We continued to undertake activities to position our brands for future success: – Rolled out new prototypes and designs for Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express in Americas and Europe. – Continued Crowne Plaza Accelerate programme, a multi-year programme to transform Crowne Plaza in the Americas region, including flagship hotels showcasing the reinvention of the brand, with the first opening in Atlanta. – Modernised Staybridge Suites and Candlewood Suites brands with launch of new prototypes. 2020 priorities • Continue to invest in brand innovation, including room design and hotel layout to meet evolving guest needs. • Ensure that, whilst driving strong rooms supply growth, we maintain a high level of guest satisfaction across our entire portfolio with removals from the System. a In 2019 the underlying fee revenue calculation was restated for 2017 onwards following a change in the definition of how we calculate constant currency. The 2017 growth figure is not comparable and thus excluded from comparison. b Use of Non-GAAP measures: In addition to performance measures directly observable in the Group Financial Statements (IFRS measures), additional financial measures (described as Non-GAAP) are presented that are used internally by management as key measures to assess performance. Non-GAAP measures are either not defined under IFRS or are adjusted IFRS figures. Further explanation in relation to these measures can be found on pages 55 to 59 and reconciliations to IFRS figures, where they have been adjusted, are on pages 214 to 218. A reconciliation of total gross revenue to owned, leased and managed lease revenue as recorded in the Group Financial Statements can be found on page 61. c Changes to the method for calculating IHG’s guest satisfaction scores (previously Guest HeartBeat) were introduced in 2016. The comparative for 2015 has been restated. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Key performance indicators 43 Strategic Report Key performance indicators (KPIs) continued KPIs Fee margina,b Operating profit as a percentage of revenue, excluding System Fund, reimbursement of costs, revenue and operating profit from owned, leased and managed lease hotels, significant liquidated damages, the results of the Group’s captive insurance company and exceptional items. Our fee margin progression indicates the profitability of our fee revenue growth and benefit of our asset-light business model (see page 10). Free cash flowb,c Cash flow from operating activities excluding payments of contingent purchase consideration, less purchase of shares by employee share trusts, maintenance capital expenditure and lease payments. Free cash flow provides funds to invest in the business, sustainably grow the dividend and return any surplus to shareholders (see page 12). It is a key component in measuring the ongoing viability of our business (see page 54). A 2019 2018 2017 2015 LT 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2019 status and 2020 priorities 2019 status • Grew fee margin by 80bps. • Continued to embed our new operating structures and leverage operational efficiencies. • Cost efficiency programme to deliver ~$125m in annual savings, including System Fund, by 2020 substantially complete, with savings fully reinvested in growth initiatives. 54.1% 53.3% 53.4% 2020 priorities • Continuation of our strong cost and efficiency focus. • Leverage our growth and systems infrastructure to drive economies of scale. • Continue to leverage AI to drive process efficiency, enhance revenue generation, and improve guest experience. • Provide procurement solutions to help lower owner cost of sale. • Continue to look for further operational efficiencies through greater application of technology. 2019 status • Free cash flow of $509m was down $102m year-on-year with higher levels of cash tax and working capital offsetting lower levels of exceptional items. 2020 priorities • Continue to deliver consistent, sustained growth in cash flow. • Control capital deployment in line with business priorities. • Continue programme to recycle capital invested in minor equity positions, over time, when conditions are favourable. $509m $611m $516m $551m $466m a In 2019 the fee margin calculation was restated for 2017 onwards following implementation of IFRS 16 ‘Leases’. The 2016 figure is not comparable and is thus excluded from comparison. b Use of Non-GAAP measures: In addition to performance measures directly observable in the Group Financial Statements (IFRS measures), additional financial measures (described as Non-GAAP) are presented that are used internally by management as key measures to assess performance. Non-GAAP measures are either not defined under IFRS or are adjusted IFRS figures. Further explanation in relation to these measures can be found on page 55 to 59 and reconciliations to IFRS figures, where they have been adjusted, are on pages 214 to 218. C Cash flow was introduced as a new measure for the 2017/19 LTIP cycle. Cumulative free cash flow over the three-year performance period forms part of the measure, with some adjustments. The target for each successive cycle is determined annually, taking into account IHG’s long-range business plan, market expectations and circumstances at the time. 44 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 KPIs Responsible Business IHG® Academy Number of people participating in IHG Academy programmes. Sustained participation in the IHG Academy indicates the strength of our progress in creating career building opportunities and engagement with the communities in which we operate (see page 29). Carbon footprint per occupied room We work with our hotels to drive reductions in carbon emissions to reduce our overall carbon footprint (see page 34). Employee Engagement survey scores Average of our revisedb bi-annual Colleague HeartBeat survey, completed by our corporate, customer reservations office and managed hotel employees (excluding our joint ventures). We measure employee engagement to monitor risks relating to talent (see page 28) and to help us understand the issues that are relevant to our people as we build a diverse and inclusive culture (see page 30). 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 A 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 A 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 15,081 13,531 13,633 11,985 9,287 26.70kgCO2ea 27.71kgCO2ea 28.37kgCO2ea 29.36kgCO2e 30.84kgCO2e 87.0% 86.0% 85.0% 88.7% 87.3% 2019 status and 2020 priorities 2019 status • Hosted a range of IHG Academy programmes globally throughout the year, including internships and other experiences. • Formed a global partnership with Junior Achievement Worldwide offering young people opportunities to gain skills and experience, empowering them to consider career opportunities in the industry. • Reviewed and refreshed supporting material to drive greater participation and deliver an engaging candidate experience. 2020 priorities • Continue to provide skills and improved employability through IHG Academy, ensuring a positive impact for local communities, our owners and IHG. This will enable IHG to achieve our longer-term target of 30,000 – 40,000 IHG Academy participants in 2020. • Realign focus of the IHG Academy programme, prioritising an increase in the length of the IHG Academy opportunities and placements to drive conversion of participants to permanent employment. • Build on the IHG Academy programme offering through launching an internship toolkit in 16 hotel-ready languages. • Continue to drive quality growth in the programme through enabling our regional teams to measure impact through a robust reporting solution and convert IHG Academy hires into employees for 2021 and beyond. 2019 status • Achieved 5.9% reduction in our carbon footprint per occupied room from 2017 baseline. 2020 priorities • Continue to reduce our carbon footprint across our entire estate. • Partner with owners and our hotels to share best practices to help drive greater carbon reductions. • Work to meet the requirements of Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). 2019 status • Commenced Non-Executive Director-led employee interface sessions across geographies to better understand workforce engagement (Voice of the Employee, see pages 32 and 33 for further information). • Launched starters and leavers survey with employees (in managed hotels and corporate offices) to understand their feedback on these critical employee life cycle events. 2020 priorities • Improve our talent acquisition systems and services to position IHG as a leading employer and deliver a great hiring experience for candidates. • Continue to drive a high-performance culture across IHG through embedding performance and reward practices. • Further drive the adoption of improvement to our human resources systems, to further our ability to attract, develop and retain talent. • Support the recruitment and development of General Managers for our managed hotels. • Embed a diverse and inclusive culture across our places of work, through key initiatives such as RISE and ERGs, to further our promise to provide True Hospitality for everyone. a In 2018 the carbon reduction measure was restated in line with a new baseline for the 2018-2020 target. The 2018 and 2019 impacts from the 2017 baseline year have been restated, aligned to annual changes to IHG’s System size and increase in number of hotels reporting data to the IHG Green Engage system, to enable comparisons to be made for our 2018-2020 target. The 2016 and 2015 figures could not be restated and are not comparable. b In 2017 the employee engagement survey was revised and relaunched as the Colleague HeartBeat survey. The 2016 and 2015 figures relate to previous survey results, which could not be restated and are not comparable. Please see www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business for our 2018-2020 Responsible Business targets. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Key performance indicators 45 Strategic Report Our risk management Our growth ambition in a fast-moving and innovative business environment means that we must consider risk as a central part of the definition and execution of our strategy. The Board and Executive Committee have collaborated closely throughout 2019 to ensure that risk assessment, mitigation strategies and plans are integrated into broader consideration of our short-term goals and longer-term strategic initiatives and key projects. The Board’s role in risk management – stewardship and partnership The Board is ultimately accountable for the effectiveness of our risk management and internal control systems, and is supported by the Audit Committee, Executive Committee and delegated committees. Our regional and functional leaders, supported by the Risk & Assurance team, conduct strategic planning and business performance reviews throughout the year which monitor emerging risks – new or changing factors which require further consideration to determine the potential significance to our business. Our governance framework and committee agendas establish procedures for Board members to receive information from the Executive Committee and Senior Leaders and a range of other internal and external sources on emerging risks. More detail on the topics covered by the Board and committees is available in the Corporate Governance section, pages 78 to 117. During 2019 the topics have included: • many long-term industry and macroeconomic risk factors (within Board strategy meeting and committee discussions), often alongside management’s own presentations of plans and projects; • discussion of risks relating to longer-term sustainability, shifting societal expectations, human rights and our evolving responsibilities across our supply chain (Corporate Responsibility Committee); • emerging tax, treasury and regulatory risks, for example relating to privacy and data protection (Audit Committee); • cultural, succession and retention risks and the competitiveness of director and executive remuneration (Remuneration and Nomination Committees). While the Board oversees the risk management system to ensure that risks and opportunities are appropriately identified and managed to an acceptable level, it works in partnership with the Executive Committee and Senior Leaders to maintain and, where necessary, accelerate the understanding of key risk topics. This is particularly relevant in relation to cybersecurity, where the Board have met regularly with management outside of formal meetings to enable a more detailed appreciation of the risks and risk management strategies available to us to manage them. Our enterprise risk management framework adopts a mitigate/transfer/accept approach, taking into account the potential impact on the ability of the Group to execute and deliver our objectives and strategy. Risk appetite IHG’s risk appetite is visible through the nature and extent of risk taken by the Board in pursuit of strategic and other business objectives. We cascade this appetite through the goals and targets we set, our Code of Conduct and other global policies, our formal Delegation of Authority policy including the governance structure of approval committees, decisions we make and how we allocate resources. It evolves with the IHG strategy. Our Annual Report and Form 20-F describes risk appetite in a number of places. For example, our appetite for financial risk is described in note 24 to the Group Financial Statements, see page 182. As a day-to-day example, decision makers in the business can refer to guidelines which articulate parameters for new hotel development deals. This section should be read together with the rest of the Strategic Report, Governance on pages 78 to 117, the going concern statement on page 224, and Risk Factors on pages 226 to 230. Risk management supports decision making Our risk management and internal control system is fully integrated with the way we run the business and how we create and protect value in pursuit of our objectives. Our culture, values and behaviours, see pages 26 and 27, establish authorities, capabilities and appropriate incentives for empowered and agile decision-making across our portfolio of risks by teams across IHG, supported by functional expertise. Formal and informal monitoring, reporting and assurance arrangements, see page 27, enable the Board and Executive Committee to maintain ongoing oversight of key areas of uncertainty and the effectiveness of our risk management and internal control arrangements. Culture, Values and Behaviour Feedback & Challenge Board & Committees Executive Committee Global Functions and Regions Monitoring, Reporting & Assurance Policies, procedures, systems, governance, reporting applied by our people to decisions made in business planning and delivery optimising the way we manage risk improving transparency and the likelihood of strategic success. 46 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Our programme to realise savings for reinvestment has led to a range of changes to organisation, accountabilities and processes, and a wide portfolio of initiatives is in place to pursue growth opportunities. Our approach to risk management has therefore also evolved as part of our organisational focus on growth and how we take informed decisions in a fast moving environment. The Risk and Assurance team has continued to coordinate assessments of the principal risks facing the Group, including those which would threaten its business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity and reputation. These risks are formally reviewed with the Group’s Directors on a bi-annual basis and considered in more detail through the activities of the Board and committees, however risks are also discussed as an integral part of decision making across the year. In addition, focus on the behaviours necessary to drive growth has included cross-business participation in virtual learning summits, including how to make decisions at pace with the right governance and structure to maintain control. Our strategy requires us to work increasingly with partners, intermediaries and other third parties, and access expertise and services which enable us to anticipate and respond to the needs of our owners, guests and colleagues, and to work efficiently and at scale. Many of our risks therefore reflect the changing nature of our extended enterprise and our responsibilities to our stakeholders. Some of these responsibilities, particularly in relation to our stewardship of data, are subject to significant changes in law and therefore highlighted as dynamic and demanding regular attention by senior management and the Board. We continue to conclude that the potential impact of Brexit on IHG is not likely to have a material impact on our overall strategy or operations although, as with other external factors, this is considered as part of operational risk management and resilience planning, and a standing group reviews our preparedness for operational disruption. The impact of a potential movement in the value of sterling is articulated in note 24 of the Group Financial Statements, see pages 182 to 185. IHG’s principal risks and uncertainties Our risk profile is structurally similar to that of a year ago, although the context within which we operate is highly dynamic reflecting the cyclical nature of our industry and global macroeconomic uncertainties. Our discussions of risk also take place within a context of increasing scrutiny of the impact of our business on our stakeholders, and our longer-term sustainability. We have therefore split out our consideration of external factors to recognise both the risks relating to political and economic headwinds on our growth ambitions (for example disruption in key markets and trade wars) and also the requirement to anticipate and respond appropriately to the risks and opportunities relating to our environmental and social responsibilities. We have also refreshed our crisis and incident management procedures during 2019, with the Executive Committee and many regional and functional leadership teams working through training and tabletop crisis scenarios to review and practice ways of working. The Risk and Assurance team provides support and intelligence on emerging threats and will continue to provide advice to management on procedures for risk identification and mitigation and control. We are continuing to monitor the evolving situation relating to Covid-19 and its impact on both our business and the industry as a whole, and we are working closely with relevant authorities. The Group’s asset-light business model, diverse brand portfolio and wide geographical spread contribute to IHG’s overall resilience to events that could affect specific segmental or geographical areas. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Risk management 47 Strategic Report Risk management continued Risk trend and speed of impact We assess whether the risk area is stable or dynamic in its impact and/or likelihood (inherent risk trend), and the rate at which there could be a material impact on IHG. The trend and speed of impact are summarised in the diagram with further detail on activities to manage each of these risks in the table below. d n e r t k s i r t n e r e h n I i c m a n y D l e b a t S Principal risk – assessment of trend and speed of impact More gradual Speed of potential impact Rapid • Channel management and technology • Cybersecurity and information governance • Accelerate growth • Macro external factors • Preferred brands and loyalty • Leadership and talent • Environmental and social mega trends • Legal, regulatory and ethical compliance • Safety and security • Financial management and control systems Principal risks descriptions Inherent risk trend Risk impact – link to our strategic priorities Dynamic/Rapid Dynamic/Gradual Stable/Rapid Build and leverage scale Strengthen loyalty programme Enhance revenue delivery Evolve owner proposition Optimise our preferred portfolio of brands for owners and guests Risk description Trend Impact Initiatives to manage these risks Inherent threats to cybersecurity and information governance remain significant and dynamic. We are aware of our responsibilities in relation to a range of high-value assets (critical systems & guest, employee and other sensitive data) which may be targeted by various threat ‘actors’ (including organised criminals, third parties and ‘threat actor-employees’), and rapid evolution in societal, regulatory and media scrutiny of privacy arrangements mean that the potential impact of data loss to IHG financially, reputationally or operationally remains a dynamic risk factor. • Effective and appropriate leveraging of data that we have a right to use is a key aspect of the interface between our marketing and our commercial and technology activity. We take account of regulatory and ethical factors as part of the decision-making processes in relation to marketing and technological initiatives, and we also rely on appropriate governance and control arrangements to mitigate risks that the validity of data that we use is undermined by cyber-attacks or operational failures. • Our 2019 focus has been on progressing a Board-endorsed roadmap of the highest priority and highest-value initiatives to build and maintain core elements of our cybersecurity posture. • During the year our Chief Information Security Officer has worked with teams across IHG to increase sophistication in how we identify, protect, detect, respond and recover in relation to cyber risks. This has involved developments in our security governance and risk tracking, including discussion and assessment of an approach to high-value assets with the Executive Committee. • We have continued to drive awareness of cybersecurity risk, including an anti-phishing campaign which tested corporate employees on phishing attacks. We also developed a cybersecurity incident response playbook which is aligned with wider IHG resilience and incident preparation protocols. • The nature of our operating model means that significant amounts of IHG’s confidential information assets are also held by or shared with third-party suppliers and owners, and we review those risks as part of our broader supply chain risk management arrangements. • Our information security programme is supported and reviewed by internal and external assurance activities, including our Internal Audit and SOX teams and PCI assessments. • During 2019 we have reported regularly to the Board and the Executive Committee on the information security roadmap using key risk indicators to track trends in risk and mitigation initiatives. We also continue to work closely with our insurers to review the adequacy of protection for our risks and have assessed potential cyber incident scenarios, including quantification of value at risk, to better aid in risk-based discussions on remediation investment against risk acceptance and available risk transfer opportunities. 48 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Risk description Trend Impact Initiatives to manage these risks Failure to deliver preferred brands and loyalty could impact our competitive positioning, our growth ambitions and our reputation with guests and owners. Competitor and intermediation activity creates inherent risks and opportunities for the hospitality industry and is relevant to the longer-term value of IHG’s franchised/ managed proposition and our ability to deliver returns to current and potential owners of our various brands. In a fast growth environment, it is essential that we attract, develop and retain leadership and talent and failure to do this could impact our ability to achieve growth ambitions and execute effectively. Our people are essential to delivering our objectives, and our ability to develop talent is a key way we can deliver value to our existing and potential owners of both managed and franchised hotels. It is also essential that we retain key executive talent, both at the corporate and hotel levels, in the face of attractive roles and competitive rewards available in the global markets where we operate and compete. • To enable our growth ambitions, we need to continuously strengthen our portfolio of brands to build an industry-leading offer which delivers leading-edge guest preference, and competitive owner returns. For a description of our brands and brand initiatives see pages 14 to 17, and page 23. • We are building the underlying capabilities to achieve our vision by: strengthening our new brand development; enhancing our marketing capability; refining our brand portfolio strategy; building improved data analytics capabilities; and scaling the production and efficiency of our global marketing assets. • During 2019, our Global Marketing team has continued to evolve an operating framework to provide additional clarity and alignment on prioritisation and focus areas. We have also implemented changes to several ways of working between our global functions and regional operations teams to drive commercial performance, supported by learning events and engagement sessions. • We are also executing a loyalty roadmap that includes tactical improvements to drive short-term performance and foundational levers to enable a longer-term step change to improve member benefits, owner economics and programme technology. See page 20 for more details on our 2019 initiatives. • Our approach to managing our people is outlined in detail on pages 28 to 31 and our annual business planning process includes a review of workforce risks. We consider workforce risks when designing business initiatives and we regularly review talent and succession across the organisation. Our Human Resources team partners across IHG, and performs regular reviews including in relation to the diversity of our talent and competitiveness of our compensation and benefits plan. • IHG has the ability to manage the risk directly in relation to IHG employees but relies on owners and third-party suppliers to manage the risk in related activities. Our Procurement, Legal and Risk teams also consider more indirect workforce risks relating to our third- party relationships. • During 2019, we have continued to refine and streamline our performance management systems and embed a common set of leadership behaviours across IHG through employee participation in various virtual learning summits. • Several policies supporting our Code of Conduct (for example our Human Rights Policy which is reviewed annually) relate to the management of our people, describing our intolerance for inappropriate behaviours, and appropriate adherence to those helps manage our risk. • As our business expands through mergers and acquisition, we also undertake due diligence prior to transactions, and as part of integration activities, to evaluate and adapt relevant people practices. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Risk management 49 Strategic Report Risk management continued Risk description Trend Impact Initiatives to manage these risks • Our global Ethics and Compliance team (E&C team) are focused on ensuring IHG has a globally coordinated approach to material ethical and compliance risks, taking into account the regulatory environment, stakeholder expectations and IHG’s commitment to a culture of responsible business. • The overarching framework for Ethics and Compliance is the IHG Code of Conduct (Code), (see pages 26 and 27). In addition to the Code, the E&C team manage the global compliance programmes for Anti-Bribery and Corruption, Antitrust/Competition Law, Sanctions and Human Rights. • A number of processes and initiatives are used by the E&C team to manage ethical and compliance risks. For example, IHG is a member of Transparency International UK’s Business Integrity Forum and participates in its annual Corporate Anti-Corruption Benchmark. The findings from the Benchmark assessment are utilised predominantly by the E&C team to identify improvements to the design of the IHG Anti-Bribery and Corruption programme. • The E&C team are also responsible for, and have oversight of, the owner legal due diligence process. This is designed to ensure that risk-based due diligence is carried out on third- parties with whom IHG enters into hotel relationships. This includes sanctions monitoring, third-party screening and internal communications – for example, an annual update is communicated to the Legal, Development and Strategy teams and other relevant colleagues providing a reminder of ‘No Go’ countries and sanctions issues that may restrict IHG. • The E&C team currently monitor training completions, gifts & entertainment reporting and owner due diligence escalations. These areas help demonstrate whether the design of the Ethics & Compliance framework and core processes of the underlying programmes are operating effectively. The E&C team monitor activity of the Confidential Disclosure Channel and have regular discussions with regional Legal teams to help identify emerging issues. In addition, the E&C team receive informal queries/escalation of issues via an Ethics and Compliance email channel, which is publicised in training and awareness materials, and directly from employees, for example in face-to-face training sessions. • The Board receives regular reports on the Confidential Reporting Channel and matters directly related to our responsible business agenda. • Our comprehensive channels strategy is a key driver and enabler of accelerated growth. We continue to seek opportunities to align and innovate our channels and technology platforms (see page 21). Our IHG Concerto™ platform is operating at all IHG hotels, and we are continuing to add more capabilities to the platform to enhance revenue delivery. • Our Guest Reservation System (GRS) is hosted by a third-party vendor, Amadeus, in the cloud and supported by infrastructure which serves to decrease the likelihood of downtime. Availability of GRS and other key systems continues to be monitored on a 24/7 basis by the Network Operations Centre. Metrics are regularly reported to Commercial and Technology leaders so they can monitor performance. • As our industry evolves, and with our acquisition of new brands, we have continued to review the capabilities of our systems in relation to market trends and expectations. • In 2019, we also introduced regional revenue forums to focus on forecasting future business and determining integrated commercial plans to address challenges. The global business regulatory and contractual environment and societal expectations continue to evolve. Failure to ensure legal, regulatory and ethical compliance would impact IHG operationally and reputationally. Regulators are moving to impose significant fines for non-compliance, most notably in relation to privacy obligations and data security, and there is increasing attention on environmental, social and governance matters (for example relating to consumer protection, human rights including modern slavery, human trafficking and labour laws, and financial crime) from a range of external stakeholders such as corporate sales clients, investors and NGOs. With trading headwinds in some markets, increased pressure can be placed on compliance programmes, and a heightened risk of liabilities relating to our franchise model both in relation to brand reputation issues as well as litigation. Failure to capitalise on innovation in booking technology and to maintain and enhance the functionality and resilience of our channel management and technology platforms (including those of third-parties on which we rely directly or indirectly), and to respond to changing guest and owner needs remains a dynamic risk to IHG’s revenues and growth ambitions. The pace of change in the hospitality industry continues to accelerate and IHG must evolve to effectively grow and compete in the marketplace. Technology is crucial to our strategy as we face increasing competition from both existing and new players in the travel space. 50 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Risk description Trend Impact Initiatives to manage these risks IHG’s continuing agenda to accelerate growth gives rise to inherent risks, for example as we transition systems, operating models and processes. The potential exists to impact commercial performance and financial loss, and undermine stakeholder confidence. As we move towards larger, more strategic outsourcing relationships for business- critical services, inherent risk levels are also raised. Macro external factors such as political and economic disruption, the emerging risk of infectious diseases, actual or threatened acts of terrorism or war, natural or man-made disasters could have an impact on our ability to perform and grow. Heightening of macro- economic tensions could lead to a downturn impacting our ability to grow. • The progress of our Group-wide efficiency programme has been tracked by the Board and Executive Committee, and the majority of our centrally driven transformation activity has now transitioned to Senior Leaders. • Following the changes to our organisational structure in 2018, in 2019 we conducted corporate-wide virtual learning summits and we maintain a central digital hub for process and learning materials to enable our employees to find details about processes, learning content and key process owners. • Our focus on accelerating growth has included review of risks relating to offshoring and outsourcing by Senior Leaders and the Board. Our Strategic Supplier Management Office has been established to manage existing critical supplier relationships as well as new outsourcing and/or business-critical relationships driving our strategic objectives. Our legal teams review contracts and provide advice on litigation, where required, and our insurance programme also provides a degree of protection in the event of supplier failure. • Oversight teams, including our finance experts, have evolved governance and control frameworks and we also regularly review delegated approval authorities and processes to enable decisions on investments to be made quickly and efficiently with consideration of the risks involved. HR Business Partners continue to work with Senior Leaders to identify and retain key individuals across the business, and succession planning practices are in place to ensure continuity of key initiatives and business operations. • During 2019 we reviewed our financial governance and controls relating to the integration of our acquisitions. For example, the integration of Six Senses into IHG’s financial control environment has been overseen by a dedicated governance committee. • We have an established approach to System Development Lifecycle, and specific risks to delivery of the Global Reservations System have been managed throughout the programme of implementation (including those relating to technical delivery, business process testing and operation readiness testing). • While these factors are mostly outside our direct control, we track uncertainties which may impact the hospitality industry and which need to be considered in our strategic and financial planning. These types of risks are addressed in strategic review, including our market participation choices, particularly in emerging and key growth markets. • During 2019, many leadership teams have used formal and informal scenario planning to anticipate the potential impact of these risks. The Board and Executive Committee receive regular updates on these types of factors from both operational and subject matter experts so that possible implications for IHG can be considered. • Our in-house threat intelligence capability, supplemented by third-party expertise and methodology, supports development, hotel operations and customer-facing sales teams with planning and response to macro factors, for example concerns relating to terrorism, extreme weather events, or infectious diseases such as Covid-19. We are also increasingly able to complement more traditional sources with digital intelligence to anticipate potential impacts on IHG’s interests. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Risk management 51 Strategic Report Risk management continued Risk description Trend Impact Initiatives to manage these risks As a global business, we are conscious of greater focus from a wider range of stakeholders on environmental and social mega-trends. These include regulators and investor groups (such as the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), and emerging risks presented by climate change which have the potential to impact performance and growth in key markets. Failure to maintain an effective safety and security system and to respond appropriately in the event of disruption or incidents affecting our operations more broadly could result in an adverse impact to IHG, such as reputational and/ or financial damage and undermining confidence from our colleagues, guests, major sales accounts and wider stakeholders. This risk relates both to our direct operations in hotels and other locations where we have management responsibility, and also to outsourced activities and others with whom we collaborate and trade, including the owners of our franchised hotels which operate as independent businesses. • During 2019, our Corporate Responsibility team worked collaboratively with teams across IHG (including Human Resources, Business Reputation and Responsibility and Procurement) to consider the broader environmental and social risks associated with our business. These risks and opportunities are considered as an integral part of Board strategy discussions in relation to our commitment to responsible business. In 2019, this culminated with the approval of a science-based target relating to carbon reduction. • As part of our responsible business strategy refresh work, we are also working with third-party experts to develop our responsible business targets for post 2020 and have made a formal commitment to implement the recommendations of the TCFD. In 2020 we will be developing a disclosure roadmap for the coming years. More broadly we recognise that continued collaboration across the wider industry is required to collectively combat climate change. We are taking an active role in this via our membership and active participation in several industry bodies, including the International Tourism Partnership (ITP) and the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). • Our values and behaviours, underpinned by our Code of Conduct, inform our decision- making at all levels. For example, specific elements of our Code of Conduct define expectations for IHG employees in relation to human rights and the environment. Our Supplier Code of Conduct and Human Rights Policy have been updated during 2019 and our Procurement, Legal and Risk teams monitor supply chain and human rights risks, see pages 26 and 27. • The environment in which IHG develops and operates hotels continues to evolve and impacts the safety and security risks faced by IHG. These risks are assessed as stable overall, but our approach is reviewed continuously to ensure that it remains fit for purpose, and able to anticipate and respond to the risk of an incident damaging the Group’s reputation. • Our design and engineering, hotel opening and operations teams work together with our risk management experts to evaluate standards and develop capability to respond to an incident via training, intelligence tracking and standard operating procedures, and also deploy crisis management procedures where required for less predictable events. • For example, the risks of epidemics such as Covid-19, earthquakes and extreme weather events continue to pose a threat to IHG’s operations, and are managed through refresher training, advanced monitoring and warning and standard operating procedures. • In relation to geopolitical and terrorism risks, we deploy external industry benchmarking to allocate all pipeline and operational hotels a threat category. The category definitions are designed to guide hotels to make their own risk-based decisions on how to mitigate local security threats. Categories are reviewed regularly to adjust to the dynamic threat environment in which IHG develops and operates hotels. • We continue to monitor UK Government and Local Authority investigations into the Grenfell tragedy. We will review our own fire and safety requirements once any changes and/or recommendations to building regulations and best practice are published, and will work with owners and operators of IHG branded hotels to provide appropriate support and guidance. • IHG has also created a toolkit and resources for hotels to use to provide guests with menu allergen information, making it easier for them to identify ingredients they need to avoid. 52 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Risk description Trend Impact Initiatives to manage these risks A material breakdown in financial management and control systems would lead to increased public scrutiny, regulatory investigation and litigation. This risk includes our ongoing (and stable) operational risks relating to our financial management and control systems; the continuing expectations of IHG’s management decision making and financial judgements, in response to evolving accounting standards, which have added complexity to our control responsibilities; and our own business model and transactions. • We continue to operate an established set of processes across our financial control systems, which is verified through testing relating to our Sarbanes-Oxley compliance responsibilities. See pages 73 and 160 to 163 for details of our approach to taxation, page 73 for details of our approach to internal financial control, and pages 182 to 185 for specific details on financial risk management policies. These processes and our financial planning continue to evolve to reflect the changes in our management structure and business targets. • To mitigate risks from adoption of the new accounting standard, IFRS 16 ‘Leases’, existing controls were modified and new controls added. Controls are revisited at least once a year for modification or addition. • As our hotel estate evolves and grows, we also adapt our approach to financial control. Given the differences in the culture and ways of working across our regions, we apply globally and/or regionally consistent policies and procedures to manage the risks, such as fraud and reporting risks, wherever possible. • Our Group insurance programmes are also maintained to support financial stability. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Risk management 53 Strategic Report Risk management continued Viability statement The Group’s annual planning process builds a robust three-year plan. The detailed three-year plan takes into consideration the principal risks, the Group’s strategy, and current market conditions. That plan then forms the basis for strategic actions taken across the business. The plan is approved annually by the Directors. Once approved, the plan is then cascaded to the business and used to set performance metrics and objectives. Performance against those metrics and objectives is then regularly reviewed by the Directors. The key assumptions included in the three-year plan relate to RevPAR, System size, no change to our stated dividend policy and existing debt facilities are being renewed as they mature. In assessing the viability of the Group, the Directors have reviewed a number of scenarios, weighting downside risks that would threaten the business model, future Scenarios Modelled Widespread cybersecurity breach This scenario models the impact of a specific material incident, which could relate to cybersecurity or an alternative material impact on the cash flow and income statement. Changes in RevPAR This scenario models a prolonged decrease in RevPAR, which may be driven by external or internal factors. performance, solvency and liquidity of the Group more heavily than opportunities. The scenarios modelled and their link to our principal risks outlined on pages 48 to 53 are set out below: Link to Principal Risk(s) • Cybersecurity and information governance • Legal, regulatory and ethical compliance • Accelerate growth • Preferred brands and loyalty • Leadership and talent • Channel management and technology • Accelerate growth • Environmental and social mega-trends • Safety and security system • Financial management and control systems 2008-2009 Financial Crisis This represents the downturn that occurred from 2008 to 2009 (when the Board maintained the dividend despite the severity of the downturn in trading). • Macro external factors A reverse stress test of the business starting from the presumption of the Group having insufficient liquidity to continue trading was also modelled. In each of the scenarios, the Directors also considered actions that would be taken if such events became a reality. These actions include a reduction in capital expenditure, salary freezes and suspension of bonus plans and the ordinary dividend. The results confirmed that the Group would be able to withstand the impact of each scenario. The Directors have determined that the three-year period to 31 December 2022 is an appropriate period to be covered by the viability statement. Although hospitality industry business cycles are on average longer than three years, the end of those cycles has only resulted in declining RevPAR when that has been caused by exogenous shocks, and the decline in RevPAR has only lasted two years. The Board has therefore determined that no additional insight can be gained from assessing these scenarios over a longer period. The Directors have assessed the viability of the Group over a three-year period to 31 December 2022, taking account of the Group’s current position, the Group’s strategy and the principal risks documented in the Strategic Report. Based on this assessment, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over the period to 31 December 2022. 54 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Performance Key performance measures (including Non-GAAP measures) used by management The Annual Report and Form 20-F presents certain financial measures when discussing the Group’s performance which are not measures of financial performance or liquidity under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In management’s view these measures provide investors and other users with an enhanced understanding of IHG’s operating performance, profitability, financial strength and funding requirements. These measures do not have standardised meanings under IFRS, and companies do not necessarily calculate these in the same way. Accordingly, they should be viewed as complementary to, and not as a substitute for, the measures prescribed by IFRS and as included in the Group Financial Statements (see pages 132 to 138). Linkage of performance measures to Directors’ remuneration and KPIs A The Annual Performance Plan LT The Long Term Incentive Plan KPI Key Performance Indicators See pages 96 to 117 for more information on Directors’ remuneration and pages 42 to 45 for more information on KPIs. Measure Commentary Global revenue per available room (RevPAR) growth RevPAR is the primary metric used by management to track hotel performance across regions and brands. RevPAR is also a commonly used performance measure in the hotel industry. KPI RevPAR, average daily rate and occupancy statistics are disclosed on pages 219 to 220. Total gross revenue in IHG’s System A LT KPI Owned, leased and managed lease revenue as recorded in the Group Financial Statements is reconciled to total gross revenue on page 61. Revenue and operating profit measures The reconciliation of the most directly comparable line item within the Group Financial Statements (i.e. total revenue and operating profit, accordingly) to the non-IFRS revenue and operating profit measures are included on pages 214 to 216. RevPAR comprises IHG’s System (see Glossary, page 249) rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights available and can be derived from occupancy rate multiplied by average daily rate (ADR). ADR is rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights sold. References to RevPAR, occupancy and ADR are presented on a comparable basis, comprising groupings of hotels that have traded in all months in both the current and prior year. The principal exclusions in deriving this measure are new hotels (including those acquired), hotels closed for major refurbishment and hotels sold in either of the two years. RevPAR and ADR are quoted at a constant US$ conversion rate, in order to allow a better understanding of the comparable year-on-year trading performance excluding distortions created by fluctuations in exchange rates. Total gross revenue is revenue not wholly attributable to IHG, however, management believes this measure is meaningful to investors and other users as it provides a measure of System performance, giving an indication of the strength of IHG’s brands and the combined impact of IHG’s growth strategy and RevPAR performance. Total gross revenue refers to revenue which IHG has a role in driving and from which IHG derives an income stream. IHG’s business model is described on pages 10 to 13. Total gross revenue comprises: • total rooms revenue from franchised hotels; • total hotel revenue from managed hotels including food and beverage, meetings and other revenues and reflects the value IHG drives to managed hotel owners by optimising the performance of their hotels; and • total hotel revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels. Other than total hotel revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels, total gross hotel revenue is not revenue attributable to IHG as these managed and franchised hotels are owned by third-parties. Revenue and operating profit from (1) fee business and (2) owned, leased and managed lease hotels, are described as ‘revenue from reportable segments’ and ‘operating profit from reportable segments’, respectively, within note 2 to the Group’s Financial Statements. These measures are presented for each of the Group’s regions. Management believes revenue and operating profit from reportable segments is meaningful to investors and other users as it excludes the following elements and reflects how management monitors the business: • System Fund – the Fund is not managed to generate a profit or loss for IHG over the longer term, but is managed for the benefit of the hotels within the IHG System. As described within the Group’s accounting policies (page 144), the System Fund is operated to collect and administer cash assessments from hotel owners for the specific purpose of use in marketing, the Guest Reservation System and hotel loyalty programme. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Performance 55 Strategic Report Performance continued Measure Commentary Revenue and operating profit measures continued Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit • Revenues related to the reimbursement of costs – as described within the Group’s accounting policies (page 144), there is a cost equal to these revenues so there is no profit impact. Cost reimbursements are not applicable to all hotels and growth in these revenues is not reflective of growth in the performance of the Group. As such, management do not include these revenues in their analysis of results. • Exceptional items are identified by virtue of either their size or nature and can include, but are not restricted to, gains and losses on the disposal of assets, impairment charges and reversals, and reorganisation costs. As each item is different in nature and scope, there will be little continuity in the detailed composition and size of the reported amounts which affect performance in successive periods. Separate disclosure of these amounts facilitates the understanding of performance including and excluding such items. In further discussing the Group’s performance in respect of revenue and operating profit, additional non-IFRS measures are used and explained further below: • Underlying revenue; • Underlying operating profit; • Underlying fee revenue; and • Fee margin. Operating profit measures are, by their nature, before interest and tax. Management believes such measures are useful for investors and other users when comparing performance across different companies as interest and tax can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be highly dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels and credit ratings. In addition, the tax positions of companies can vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the various jurisdictions in which they operate. Although management believe these measures are useful to investors and other users in assessing the Group’s ongoing financial performance and provide improved comparability between periods, there are limitations in their use as compared to measures of financial performance under IFRS. As such, they should not be considered in isolation or viewed as a substitute for IFRS measures. In addition, these measures may not necessarily be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential inconsistencies in the methods of calculation. These measures adjust revenue from reportable segments and operating profit from reportable segments, respectively, to exclude revenue and operating profit generated by owned, leased and managed lease hotels which have been disposed and significant liquidated damages, which are not comparable year-on-year and are not indicative of the Group’s ongoing profitability. The revenue and operating profit of current year acquisitions are also excluded as these obscure underlying business results and trends when comparing to the prior year. In addition, in order to remove the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange, which would distort the comparability of the Group’s operating performance, prior year measures are restated at constant currency using current year exchange rates. Management believe these are meaningful to investors and other users to better understand comparable year-on-year trading and enable assessment of the underlying trends in the Group’s financial performance. Underlying fee revenue growth KPI Underlying fee revenue is used to calculate underlying fee revenue growth. Underlying fee revenue is calculated on the same basis as underlying revenue as described above but for the fee business only. Management believes underlying fee revenue is meaningful to investors and other users as an indicator of IHG’s ability to grow the core fee-based business, aligned to IHG’s asset-light strategy. 56 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Measure Fee margin A KPI Commentary Fee margin is presented at actual exchange rates and is a measure of the profit arising from fee revenue. Fee margin is calculated by dividing ‘fee operating profit’ by ‘fee revenue’. Fee revenue and fee operating profit are calculated from the revenue from reportable segments and operating profit from reportable segments, as defined above, adjusted to exclude the revenue and operating profit from the Group’s owned, leased and managed lease hotels and significant liquidated damages. In addition, fee margin is adjusted for the results of the Group’s captive insurance company, where premiums are intended to match the expected claims (see page 144 to the Group Financial Statements), and as such these amounts are adjusted from the fee margin to better depict the profitability of the fee business. Management believes fee margin is meaningful to investors and other users as an indicator of the sustainable long-term growth in the profitability of IHG’s core fee-based business, as the scale of IHG’s operations increases with growth in IHG’s System size. Adjusted interest Financial income and financial expenses as recorded in the Group Financial Statements is reconciled to adjusted interest on page 218. Adjusted interest excludes the following items of interest which are recorded within the System Fund: • IHG records an interest charge on the outstanding cash balance relating to the IHG Rewards Club programme. These interest payments are recognised as interest income for the Fund and interest expense for IHG. • The System Fund also benefits from the capitalisation of interest related to the development of the next-generation Guest Reservation System. As the Fund is included on the Group income statement, these amounts are included in the reported net Group financial expenses, reducing the Group’s effective interest cost. Given results related to the System Fund are excluded from adjusted measures used by management, these are excluded from adjusted interest and adjusted earnings per share (see below). Management believes adjusted interest is a meaningful measure for investors and other users as it provides an indication of the comparable year-on-year expense associated with financing the business including the interest on any balance held on behalf of the System Fund. As outlined above, exceptional items can vary year-on-year and, where subject to tax at a different rate than the Group as a whole, they can therefore impact the current year’s tax charge. The System Fund is not managed to a profit or loss for IHG over the long term and is, in general, not subject to tax either. Management believes removing these provides a better view of the Group’s underlying tax rate on ordinary operations and aids comparability year-on-year, thus providing a more meaningful understanding of the Group’s ongoing tax charge. Adjusted earnings per ordinary share adjusts the profit available for equity holders used in the calculation of basic earnings per share to remove System Fund revenue and expenses, the items of interest related to the System Fund as excluded in adjusted interest (above), change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration, exceptional items, and the related tax impacts of such adjustments. Management believes that adjusted earnings per share is a meaningful measure for investors and other users as it provides a more comparable earnings per share measure aligned with how management monitors the business. Tax excluding the impact of exceptional items and System Fund A reconciliation of the tax charge as recorded in the Group Financial Statements to tax excluding the impact of exceptional items and System Fund can be found in note 8 to the Group Financial Statements on page 161. Adjusted earnings per ordinary share Basic earnings per ordinary share as recorded in the Group Financial Statements is reconciled to adjusted earnings per ordinary share in note 10 to the Group Financial Statements on page 164. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Performance 57 Strategic Report Performance continued Measure Commentary Net debt Net debt is included in note 23 to the Group Financial Statements. Net debt is used in the monitoring of the Group’s liquidity and capital structure and is used by management in the calculation of the key ratios attached to the Group’s bank covenants and in maintaining an investment grade credit rating (see page 12 for further discussion). Net debt is used by investors and other users to evaluate the financial strength of the business. Gross capital expenditure, net capital expenditure, free cash flow The reconciliation of the Group’s statement of cash flows (i.e. net cash from investing activities, net cash from operating activities, accordingly) to the non-IFRS capital expenditure and cash flow measures are included on page 217. Gross capital expenditure Net capital expenditure Net debt comprises loans and other borrowings, lease liabilities, the exchange element of the fair value of derivatives hedging debt values, less cash and cash equivalents. These measures have limitations as they omit certain components of the overall cash flow statement. They are not intended to represent IHG’s residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures, nor do they reflect the Group’s future capital commitments. These measures are used by many companies, but there can be differences in how each company defines the terms, limiting their usefulness as a comparative measure. Therefore, it is important to view these measures only as a complement to the Group statement of cash flows. Gross capital expenditure represents the consolidated capital expenditure of IHG inclusive of System Fund capital investments (see page 13 for a description of System Fund capital investments and recent examples). Gross capital expenditure is defined as net cash from investing activities, adjusted to include contract acquisition costs (key money). In order to demonstrate the capital outflow of the Group, cash flows arising from any disposals or distributions from associates and joint ventures are excluded. The measure also excludes any material investments made in acquiring businesses, including any subsequent payments of deferred or contingent purchase consideration included within investing activities, which represent ongoing payments for acquisitions. Gross capital expenditure is reported as either maintenance, recyclable, or System Fund. This disaggregation provides useful information as it enables users to distinguish between: • System Fund capital investments which are strategic investments to drive growth at hotel level; • recyclable investments (such as investments in associates and joint ventures), which are intended to be recoverable in the medium term and are to drive the growth of the Group’s brands and expansion in priority markets; and • maintenance capital expenditure (including contract acquisition costs), which represents a permanent cash outflow. Management believe gross capital expenditure is a useful measure as it illustrates how the Group continues to invest in the business to drive growth. It also allows for comparison year-on-year. Net capital expenditure provides an indicator of the capital intensity of IHG’s business model. Net capital expenditure is derived from net cash from investing activities, adjusted to include contract acquisition costs (net of repayments) and to exclude any material investments made in acquiring businesses, including any subsequent payments of deferred or contingent purchase consideration included within investing activities, which represent ongoing payments for acquisitions. Net capital expenditure includes the inflows arising from any disposal receipts, or distributions from associates and joint ventures. In addition, System Fund depreciation and amortisation relating to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, respectively, is added back, reducing the overall cash outflow. This reflects the way in which System Funded capital investments are re-charged to the System Fund, over the life of the asset (see page 13). Management believes net capital expenditure is a useful measure as it illustrates the net capital investment by IHG, after taking into account capital recycling through asset disposal and the funding of strategic investments by the System Fund. It provides investors and other users with visibility of the cash flows which are allocated to long-term investments to drive the Group’s strategy. 58 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Measure Free cash flow LT KPI Commentary Free cash flow is net cash from operating activities adjusted to exclude: (1) the cash outflow arising from the purchase of shares by employee share trusts reflecting the requirement to satisfy incentive schemes which are linked to operating performance; (2) maintenance capital expenditure (excluding contract acquisition costs); (3) the principal element of lease payments; and (4) payments of deferred or contingent purchase consideration included within net cash from operating activities. In 2016, free cash flow was also adjusted for the cash receipt arising from the renegotiation of a long-term partnership agreement. Management believe free cash flow is a useful measure for investors and other users, as it represents the cash available to invest back into the business to drive future growth and pay the ordinary dividend, with any surplus being available for additional returns to shareholders. The performance review should be read in conjunction with the Non-GAAP reconciliations on pages 214 to 220 and the glossary on pages 248 to 249. The following definitions have been amended and the prior year comparatives restated accordingly: • The adoption of IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ (see pages 146 to 149 for further information) has impacted all but the revenue derived Non-GAAP measures. Prior year measures have therefore been restated to provide year on year comparability. The definitions of free cash flow and net debt have been amended following the adoption of IFRS 16: – Free cash flow: has been amended to include the principal element of lease payments, reflecting the non-discretionary nature of these lease payments. – Net debt: has been amended to include lease liabilities, providing consistency with metrics used by investors and rating agencies. • The application of constant currency which impacts underlying revenue, underlying operating profit and underlying fee revenue has been amended so that prior period results are now restated using current year exchange rates, rather than restating current year results at prior period exchange rates. Management considers this to be a simplified approach and provides consistency between underlying results and the associated revenue and operating profit from reportable segments from which they are derived. • Fee margin has been amended to exclude the results of the Group’s captive insurance company. Over the longer term, premiums are intended to match the expected claims, and as such these amounts are adjusted from the fee margin in order to provide a more comparable analysis of IHG’s year-on-year fee margin progression. • Adjusted earnings per ordinary share have been amended to exclude the change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration. Since the changes in fair value are prone to volatility and are not necessarily reflective of the performance of the Group, excluding these amounts provides a more comparable year-on-year measure for investors and other users, aligned to how management monitor the business. • Gross capital expenditure, net capital expenditure and free cash flow have been amended to adjust for payments of contingent and deferred purchase consideration, as applicable. As payments relate to prior year acquisitions the exclusion of these amounts provides a more representative year-on-year measure for investors and other users, aligned to how management monitor the business. • Net capital expenditure has been amended to treat repayment of contract acquisition costs consistently with how this is reported internally. The following Non-GAAP measure has been removed: • Underlying earnings per ordinary share. This measure has been removed in order to rationalise the number of non-IFRS earnings per share measures. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Performance 59 Strategic Report Performance continued Group Group results Revenuea Americas EMEAA Greater China Central Revenue from reportable segments System Fund revenues Reimbursement of costs Total revenue Operating profita Americas EMEAA Greater China Central Operating profit from reportable segments System Fund result Operating profit before exceptional items Operating exceptional items Operating profit Net financial expenses Fair value gains/(losses) on contingent purchase consideration Profit before tax Earnings per ordinary share Basic Adjusted Average US dollar to sterling exchange rate Highlights for the year ended 31 December 2019 During the year ended 31 December 2019, total revenue increased by $290m (6.7%) to $4,627m, whilst revenue from reportable segments increased by $150m (7.8%) to $2,083m, primarily resulting from 5.6% rooms growth and the annualised benefit of an addition of a portfolio of hotels in the UK in mid-2018. Operating profit and profit before tax increased by $48m (8.2%) and $60m (12.4%) respectively, due in part to a $97m lower in-year System Fund deficit, partially offset by an $82m increase in operating exceptional items, driven by $131m impairment charges ($81m recognised in relation to the UK leased portfolio and $50m in relation to Kimpton management agreements) as described in note 13 to the Group Financial Statements and on pages 139 and 140. Operating profit from reportable segments increased by $33m (4.0%) to $865m. 2018 Restated $m 2019 vs 2018 % change 2017 Restated $m 2018 vs 2017 % change 12 months ended 31 December 2019 $m 1,040 723 135 185 2,083 1,373 1,171 4,627 700 217 73 (125) 865 (49) 816 (186) 630 (115) 27 542 1,051 569 143 170 1,933 1,233 1,171 4,337 673 206 70 (117) 832 (146) 686 (104) 582 (96) (4) 482 210.4¢ 303.3¢ $1: £0.78 183.7¢ 293.2¢ $1: £0.75 Underlyingb revenue and underlyingb operating profit increased by $123m (6.5%) and $47m (5.8%) respectively. Comparable RevPAR decreased by 0.3% (including a decrease in average daily rate of 0.4%). IHG System size increased by 5.6% to 883,563 rooms, whilst underlying fee revenueb increased by 2.0%. Fee marginb increased by 0.8% percentage points to 54.1%. Basic earnings per ordinary share increased by 14.5% to 210.4¢, whilst adjusted earnings per ordinary share increased by 3.4% to 303.3¢. (1.0) 27.1 (5.6) 8.8 7.8 11.4 – 6.7 4.0 5.3 4.3 6.8 4.0 (66.4) 19.0 78.8 8.2 19.8 (775.0) 12.4 14.5% 3.4% 4.0 999 457 117 157 1,730 1,242 1,103 4,075 648 175 53 (102) 774 (34) 740 4 744 (91) – 653 276.7¢ 243.0¢ $1: £0.78 5.2 24.5 22.2 8.3 11.7 (0.7) 6.2 6.4 3.9 17.7 32.1 14.7 7.5 329.4 (7.3) (2700.0) (21.8) 5.5 – (26.2) (33.6) 20.7% (3.8) For discussion of 2018 results, and the changes compared to 2017, prior to the restatements of those years in 2019 to reflect the adoption of IFRS 16, refer to the 2018 Annual Report and Form 20-F. The 2018 and 2017 results have been restated for IFRS 16 in the current year (see pages 146 to 149). On a restated basis, profit before tax decreased by 26.2% from 2017 to 2018 (as previously reported: a decrease of 26.1%). a Americas and EMEAA include revenue and operating profit before exceptional items from both fee business and owned, leased and managed lease hotels. Greater China includes revenue and operating profit before exceptional items from fee business. b Definitions for Non-GAAP revenue and operating profit measures can be found on pages 55 to 59. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items with the Group Financial Statements can be found on pages 214 to 216. 60 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Accounting principles The Group results are prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and following the adoption of IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ the 2018 comparatives have been restated. The application of IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions, and those considered critical to the preparation of the Group results are set out on pages 139 to 140 of the Group Financial Statements. The Group discloses certain financial information both including and excluding exceptional items. For comparability of the periods presented, some of the performance indicators in this performance review are calculated after eliminating these exceptional items. An analysis of exceptional items is included in note 6 on page 158 of the Group Financial Statements. Total gross revenue in IHG’s System Analysed by brand InterContinental Kimpton HUALUXE Crowne Plaza Hotel Indigo EVEN Hotels Holiday Inn Holiday Inn Express Staybridge Suites Candlewood Suites Other Total Analysed by ownership type Fee business Owned, leased and managed lease Total 2019 $bn 5.1 1.4 0.1 4.3 0.6 0.1 6.3 7.3 1.0 0.9 0.8 27.9 27.3 0.6 27.9 12 months ended 31 December 2018 $bn % change 5.1 1.3 0.1 4.5 0.5 0.1 6.5 7.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 27.4 27.0 0.4 27.4 – 7.7 – (4.4) 20.0 – (3.1) 2.8 11.1 12.5 60.0 1.8 1.1 50.0 1.8 Total gross revenue in IHG’s System increased by 1.8% (3.3% increase at constant currency) to $27.9bn, driven by a RevPAR decline of 0.3% more than offset by IHG System size growth. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Performance 61 Total number of hotels in the pipeline1,918Total number of rooms in the pipeline283,043At the end of 2019, the global pipeline totalled 1,918 hotels (283,043 rooms), an increase of 59 hotels (12,095 rooms) on 31 December 2018. The IHG pipeline represents hotels where a contract has been signed and the appropriate fees paid. Group signings decreased from 691 hotels in 2018 to 623 hotels and rooms decreased from 98,814 rooms to 97,754 rooms. This included 295 hotels (43,856 rooms) signed for the Holiday Inn Brand Family, 42.6% of which were contributed by Greater China (108 hotels, 18,667 rooms).Active management of the pipeline to remove deals that have become dormant or no longer viable reduced the pipeline by 153 hotels (20,439 rooms), compared to 125 hotels (15,669 rooms) in 2018.Group pipelineHotelsRoomsAt 31 December2019Change over 20182019Change over 2018Analysed by brandSix Senses25251,7701,770Regent52944430InterContinental65517,0181,223Kimpton3366,2031,729HUALUXE2216,18081Crowne Plaza88924,5062,372Hotel Indigo101915,1482,070EVEN Hotels2684,3421,158vocoa1796,2204,710Holiday Innb275(13)52,909(2,742)Holiday Inn Express754(30)95,874(2,550)avid hotels2073619,0683,257Staybridge Suites182–20,734(115)Candlewood Suites91(11)8,186(935)Atwell Suites10101,0001,000Other17(7)2,941(1,363)Total1,91859283,04312,095Analysed by ownership typeFranchised1,41113166,6415,298Managed50646116,2476,797Owned, leased and managed lease1–155–Total1,91859283,04312,095Performance continuedGroup continuedTotal number of hotels5,903Total number of rooms883,563During 2019, the global IHG System (the number of hotels and rooms which are franchised, managed, owned, leased or managed lease) increased by 300 hotels (47,022 rooms) to 5,903 hotels (883,563 rooms).Openings of 411 hotels (65,220 rooms) were 13.5% higher than in 2018. Openings in the Americas included 150 hotels (16,993 rooms) in the Holiday Inn Brand Family. 90 hotels (15,335 rooms) were opened in EMEAA in 2019, with the Greater China region also contributing openings of 88 hotels (23,764 rooms). 111 hotels (18,198 rooms) left the IHG System in 2019, compared to 107 hotels (17,877 rooms) in 2018.Group hotel and room countHotelsRoomsAt 31 December2019Change over 20182019Change over 2018Analysed by brandSix Senses18181,4481,448Regent6–2,003(2)InterContinental212870,9811,700Kimpton66–13,046131HUALUXE912,710375Crowne Plaza4312120,582414Hotel Indigo1181614,5741,825EVEN Hotels1331,949398voco12104,2933,762Holiday Inna1,28433239,8946,042Holiday Inn Express2,875149299,23419,718avid hotels76635548Staybridge Suites3002432,6332,416Candlewood Suites4101438,3321,122Other1421641,2497,125Total5,903300883,56347,022Analysed by ownership typeFranchised4,870255614,97437,995Managed1,00742262,2538,687Owned, leased and managed lease2636,336340Total5,903300883,56347,022a Does not include three open hotels and one pipeline hotel that will be re-branded to voco.b Includes 29 Holiday Inn Resort properties (6,335 rooms) and one Holiday Inn Club Vacations property (110 rooms), (2018: 19 Holiday Inn Resort properties (5,229 rooms) and zero Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (zero rooms)).a Includes 46 Holiday Inn Resort properties (11,502 rooms) and 28 Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (8,592 rooms), (2018: 45 Holiday Inn Resort properties (11,301 rooms) and 27 Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (7,927 rooms)).62IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Strategic Report Americas revenue 2019 ($1,040m)50%Americas number of rooms (524,647)60%“ 2019 was a year of growth for IHG’s largest region as we marked our highest number of new hotel openings in eight years. We also strengthened our established brands, drove continued growth of avid hotels including the first new property in Mexico, and launched the Atwell Suites brand, which now has projects signed across the US.”Elie MaaloufChief Executive Officer, AmericasRegional priorities• Strengthen our established brands through the adoption of the Formula Blue design for Holiday Inn Express and the introduction of new design prototypes for multiple other mainstream brands. • Deliver on our upscale and luxury proposition with growth across brands, including adding 17 hotels to our pipeline in 2019. We’re also looking forward to bringing Six Senses to the region, with locations coming soon to New York City and the Galapagos Islands. • Continue transformation of the Crowne Plaza brand with the Accelerate Ahead programme.• Continue momentum for avid hotels with new hotels opened across the US in 2019, the first property under construction in Mexico and more than 200 in the pipeline.Regional highlightsLaunch of Atwell Suites • Atwell Suites was created to target an estimated $18 billion industry segment which has grown by 70 percent over the last four years and is a complement to IHG’s established brands. The prototype for the all-suites hotel brand features 96 guest rooms with distinct zones for living and sleeping, public spaces such as a double-height, open lobby that suits guests’ transition from work to leisure, and inspiring food and beverage options.• Atwell Suites has received strong owner interest with 10 signings in Q4 2019. The first hotels are expected to begin construction in 2020 and open in 2021. Comparable RevPAR movement on previous year (12 months ended 31 December 2019)Fee businessInterContinental0.7%Kimpton2.2%Crowne Plaza(1.6%)Hotel Indigo0.2%EVEN Hotels(5.3%)Holiday Inn(0.7%)Holiday Inn Express0.1%Staybridge Suites0.1%Candlewood Suites(1.1%)All brands(0.1%)Owned, leased and managed leaseInterContinental3.0%EVEN Hotels0.9%Holiday Inn6.2%All brands4.1% AmericasIndustry performance in 2019Industry RevPAR in the Americas increased by 1.0%, driven by 1.3% average daily rate growth that was partially offset by a 0.2ppt decline in occupancy. Occupancy levels remain high, falling just below the record set in 2018. Room demand grew 1.7%, a lower rate of growth than 2018. Supply growth remained broadly in line with 2018 at 2.0%.US lodging industry room demand advanced 2.0% in 2019, whilst supply growth also increased 2.0%, remaining the highest it has been in ten years. US industry RevPAR increased by 0.9% in 2019, driven by average daily rate growth of 1.0%. RevPAR in the US upper midscale chain scale, where the Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express brands operate, declined by 0.2%, impacted by supply growth.In Canada, industry RevPAR declined by 0.2%, driven by a 0.9ppt occupancy decline, and in Mexico, RevPAR declined by 5.1%, led by a 2.6% decline in average daily rate. IHG’s regional performance in 2019IHG’s comparable RevPAR in the Americas declined by 0.1%, driven by a 0.2ppt occupancy decline, impacted by lower group business, despite growth in average daily rate. The region is predominantly represented by the US, where comparable RevPAR declined by 0.2%. In the US, we are most represented by our mainstream brands Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express. RevPAR in our mainstream brands declined, due to increased supply in the upper midscale segment, whilst outperforming the segment overall. US RevPAR for the Holiday Inn Express brand increased by 0.4%, whilst the Holiday Inn brand declined by 1.1%.Canada RevPAR declined by 1.4%, whilst Mexico RevPAR declined by 2.2%, led by occupancy declines.63IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Performance Strategic Report Performance continued Americas continued Americas results Revenue from the reportable segmenta Fee business Owned, leased and managed lease Total Operating profit from the reportable segmenta Fee business Owned, leased and managed lease Operating exceptional items Operating profit 12 months ended 31 December 2019 $m 2018 Restated $m 2019 vs 2018 % change 2017 Restated $m 2018 vs 2017 % change 853 187 1,040 663 37 700 (62) 638 853 198 1,051 638 35 673 (36) 637 – (5.6) (1.0) 3.9 5.7 4.0 72.2 0.2 811 188 999 613 35 648 37 685 5.2 5.3 5.2 4.1% – 3.9 (197.3) (7.0) Revenue and operating profit from the reportable segment are further analysed by fee business and owned, leased and managed lease hotels. Fee business revenueb remained in line with 2018 at $853m, partly impacted by adverse foreign exchangec ($2m), whilst fee business operating profitb increased by $25m (3.9%) to $663m, also partly impacted by adverse foreign exchangec ($2m). Owned, leased and managed lease revenueb decreased by $11m (5.6%) to $187m, whilst operating profitb increased by $2m (5.7%) to $37m, benefiting from strong trading across a number of hotels and the mitigation of losses by business interruption insurance at one hotel. There was no material impact of foreign exchangec on either revenue or operating profit. For discussion of 2018 results, and the changes compared to 2017, prior to the restatements of those years in 2019 to reflect the adoption of IFRS 16, refer to the 2018 Annual Report and Form 20-F. The 2018 and 2017 results have been restated for IFRS 16 in the current year (see pages 146 to 149). On a restated basis, operating profit decreased by 7.0% from 2017 to 2018 (as previously reported: a decrease of 7.1%). a Americas reportable segment includes revenue and operating profit before exceptional items, excluding System Fund revenues and expenses and reimbursement of costs, for both fee business and owned, leased and managed lease hotels. b Definitions for Non-GAAP revenue and operating profit measures can be found on pages 55 to 59. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items with the Group Financial Statements can be found on pages 214 to 216. c The impact of movements between the previous year’s average exchange rates and actual average exchange rates in 2019. Highlights for the year ended 31 December 2019 With 4,307 hotels (524,647 rooms), the Americas represented 60% of the Group’s room count. The key profit-generating region is the US, although the Group is also represented in Latin America, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. 89% of rooms in the region are operated under the franchise business model, primarily under our mainstream brands (including the Holiday Inn Brand Family). In the upscale market segment, Crowne Plaza is predominantly franchised whereas, in the luxury market segment, InterContinental-branded hotels are operated under both franchise and management agreements, whilst Kimpton is predominantly managed. 12 of the Group’s 16 hotel brands are represented in the Americas. Revenue from the reportable segmenta decreased by $11m (1.0%) to $1,040m, whilst operating profit increased by $1m (0.2%) to $638m, impacted by a $26m increase in operating exceptional items. Operating profit from the reportable segment increased by $27m (4.0%) to $700m. On an underlyingb basis, revenue decreased by $9m (0.9%), as growth from net room additions was held back by $9m of one-off marketing assessments in the prior year, whilst underlying operating profit increased by $29m (4.3%), benefiting from a continued focus on maintaining an efficient cost base. 64 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Americas hotel and room count At 31 December Analysed by brand InterContinental Kimpton Crowne Plaza Hotel Indigo EVEN Hotels Holiday Inna Holiday Inn Express avid hotels Staybridge Suites Candlewood Suites Other Total Analysed by ownership type Franchised Managed Owned, leased and managed lease Total Percentage of Group hotel and room count Hotels Change over 2018 – (3) (7) 7 3 9 79 6 22 14 16 2019 17,896 11,997 39,875 8,267 1,949 135,286 214,993 635 30,244 38,332 25,173 2019 51 61 149 64 13 783 2,368 7 283 410 118 4,307 146 524,647 4,008 292 7 4,307 155 (9) – 146 465,265 57,160 2,222 524,647 Rooms Change over 2018 Total number of hotels 4,307 Total number of rooms 524,647 Americas System size increased by 146 hotels (14,518 rooms) to 4,307 hotels (524,647 rooms) during 2019. 233 hotels (26,121 rooms) opened in the year, compared to 208 hotels (22,248 rooms) in 2018. Openings included 150 hotels (16,993 rooms) in the Holiday Inn Brand Family, representing 64.4% of the region’s hotel openings. 87 hotels (11,603 rooms) were removed from the Americas System in 2019, demonstrating our continued commitment to quality, compared to 76 hotels (9,579 rooms) in 2018. 143 (310) (1,624) 772 398 794 8,373 548 2,212 1,122 2,090 14,518 15,163 (644) (1) 14,158 73.0 (1.3)ppt 59.4 (1.6)ppt a Includes 22 Holiday Inn Resort properties (6,003 rooms) and 28 Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (8,592 rooms), (2018: 23 Holiday Inn Resort properties (6,184 rooms) and 27 Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (7,927 rooms)). Americas pipeline Total number of hotels in the pipeline At 31 December Analysed by brand Six Senses InterContinental Kimpton Crowne Plaza Hotel Indigo EVEN Hotels Holiday Innb Holiday Inn Express avid hotels Staybridge Suites Candlewood Suites Atwell Suites Other Total Analysed by ownership type Franchised Managed Total Hotels Change over 2018 5 1 5 (1) 2 5 (28) (51) 35 (1) (11) 10 (6) (35) (38) 3 (35) 2019 422 1,549 3,459 1,093 5,172 1,866 12,506 43,103 18,853 16,874 8,186 1,000 2,779 116,862 109,986 6,876 116,862 2019 5 7 21 5 37 15 98 448 206 162 91 10 16 1,121 1,077 44 1,121 Rooms Change over 2018 1,121 422 72 1,124 (170) 649 570 (3,546) (4,517) 3,042 (28) (935) 1,000 (1,103) (3,420) (3,671) 251 (3,420) Total number of rooms in the pipeline 116,862 At 31 December 2019, the Americas pipeline totalled 1,121 hotels (116,862 rooms), representing a decrease of 35 hotels (3,420 rooms) over the prior year. Signings of 305 hotels (32,956 rooms) were behind last year by 111 hotels (9,810 rooms). The majority of 2019 signings were within our mainstream brands including the Holiday Inn Brand Family (117 hotels, 12,982 rooms), our extended stay brands, Staybridge Suites and Candlewood Suites (61 hotels, 5,856 rooms) and avid hotels (53 hotels, 4,819 rooms), which continues to make good progress towards becoming IHG’s next brand of scale. 107 hotels (10,255 rooms) were removed from the pipeline in 2018 compared to 94 hotels (9,340 rooms) in 2018. b Includes three Holiday Inn Resort property (490 rooms) and one Holiday Inn Club Vacations property (110 rooms), (2018: one Holiday Inn Resort property (165 rooms) and zero Holiday Inn Club Vacations properties (zero rooms)). IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Performance 65 EMEAA revenue 2019 ($723m)35%EMEAA number of rooms (223,370)25%“ 2019 was another year of strong growth for EMEAA, setting new records for hotel openings and signings through the expansion of both our established and newer brands in high-potential markets. Our agile business unit model continues to bring our teams closer to market and deliver benefits for guests and owners.”Kenneth MacphersonChief Executive Officer, EMEAAIndustry performance in 2019Industry RevPAR in EMEAA increased by 2.0%, driven by 1.5% average daily rate growth. In Europe room demand grew 1.9% and average daily rate advanced 2.6%, resulting in RevPAR growth of 3.2%. UK industry RevPAR increased 0.4% driven by 0.8% average daily rate growth. UK room demand was up 2.0%, slower growth than last year due to Brexit concerns, while supply growth was up from last year at 2.4% growth. In Germany, industry RevPAR was up 1.2%, driven by 0.7% growth in average daily rate and a 3.1% increase in demand.RevPAR declined 1.8% in the Middle East. Excluding Egypt, RevPAR declined 5.3% in the Middle East, as supply increased 6.1%. India saw RevPAR increase 4.1%.Elsewhere in EMEAA, several major markets saw RevPAR declines in 2019, including Japan (0.2%), Australia (1.9%), and Thailand (5.9%), driven by occupancy declines.Regional priorities• Accelerate levels of growth across both our core and newly expanded brand portfolio, with a focus on luxury, lifestyle and resorts and our new upscale brand voco.• Continue successful execution of our strategic plan in the UK and Germany, two economically mature markets where we are building on existing scale positions.• Further embed our EMEAA operating model, which is key to unlocking growth in some of the world’s most established and mature travel markets. Investment in General Manager talent programmes and recruitment.• Continue to embed Regent and Six Senses into a strengthened luxury offer in what is an important segment for EMEAA – home to 18 of the top 25 luxury travel destinations.• Continue to roll-out our Holiday Inn Open Lobby concept across Europe, as part of our strategic focus on improving guest satisfaction and owner returns through enhanced hotel designs. Regional highlights• Achieved another year of strong growth, with net system size increasing 5.8% and a record 29.1k rooms signed, an 8.2% year-on-year increase. Holiday Inn Brand Family continues to be our engine of growth representing 45% of rooms openings.• Excellent response from owners for our new upscale brand voco, with 33 hotels (11.1k rooms) now open or signed within 18 months of the brand’s creation. Signed world’s largest voco (4.2k rooms) and opened first tower (1.9k rooms) in 2019; remainder in 2020.• Built great momentum for InterContinental, with 10 signings up 67% on the previous year and flagship openings in Lyon, Beppu, Maldives, Hayman Island and Phuket. • Relaunched flagship Crowne Plaza hotels in Paris and Hamburg.• Adoption of our Europe-wide Holiday Inn Open Lobby transformation programme by more than 90% of hotels. IHG’s regional performance in 2019EMEAA RevPAR grew 0.3%, driven by a 0.7ppt growth in occupancy. In the UK, where IHG has the largest regional presence, RevPAR increased 0.6%, led by growth in London of 2.5%. Germany achieved RevPAR growth of 2.2% driven by average daily rate and occupancy growth, whilst France declined by 0.7%, impacted by social unrest in Paris. RevPAR in the Middle East declined 2.8%, due to increased supply. Excluding Egypt, RevPAR declined by 3.1%. India RevPAR grew 6.1% driven by average daily rate.Japan RevPAR grew 1.2% driven by average daily rate whilst Australia RevPAR declined 1.2% due to oversupply in certain cities.Comparable RevPAR movement on previous year (12 months ended 31 December 2019)Fee businessInterContinental1.5%Crowne Plaza(0.6%)Hotel Indigo1.5%Holiday Inn(0.5%)Holiday Inn Express1.2%Staybridge Suites(3.9%)All brands0.3%Owned, leased and managed leaseInterContinental1.5%Holiday Inn2.6%All brands1.6%Performance continuedEMEAA66IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Strategic Report EMEAA continued EMEAA results Revenue from the reportable segmenta Fee business Owned, leased and managed lease Total Operating profit from the reportable segmenta Fee business Owned, leased and managed lease Operating exceptional items Operating profit 12 months ended 31 December 2019 $m 2018 Restated $m 2019 vs 2018 % change 2017 Restated $m 2018 vs 2017 % change 337 386 723 202 15 217 (109) 108 320 249 569 202 4 206 (12) 194 5.3 55.0 27.1 – 275.0 5.3 808.3 (44.3) 294 163 457 167 8 175 (4) 171 8.8 52.8 24.5 21.0 (50.0) 17.7 200.0 13.5 Revenue and operating profit from the reportable segment are further analysed by fee business and owned, leased and managed lease hotels. Fee business revenueb increased by $17m (5.3%) to $337m, partly impacted by adverse foreign exchangec ($8m), whilst fee business operating profitb remained in line with 2018 at $202m, but was also impacted by adverse foreign exchangec ($6m). Comparable RevPAR increased by 0.3%, driven by gains in occupancy. Owned, leased and managed lease revenueb increased by $137m (55.0%) to $386m, due to the annualisation of the UK portfolio transaction, that completed in July 2018, and was partly impacted by adverse foreign exchangec ($7m). Owned, leased and managed lease operating profitb increased by $11m to $15m, (foreign exchangec impact $nil), driven by solid trading conditions outside the UK for a number of hotels and benefiting from partial usage of the IFRS 16 lease liability for the German lease hotels. Trading conditions in the UK in the second half of the year resulted in $17m of rental guarantee lease payments being charged against the IFRS 16 lease liability. For discussion of 2018 results, and the changes compared to 2017, prior to the restatements of those years in 2019 to reflect the adoption of IFRS 16, refer to the 2018 Annual Report and Form 20-F. The 2018 and 2017 results have been restated for IFRS 16 in the current year (see pages 146 to 149). On a restated basis, operating profit increased by 13.5% from 2017 to 2018 (as previously reported: an increase of 13.8%). a EMEAA reportable segment includes revenue and operating profit before exceptional items, excluding System Fund revenues and expenses and reimbursement of costs, for both fee business and owned, leased and managed lease hotels. b Definitions for Non-GAAP revenue and operating profit measures can be found on pages 55 to 59. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items with the Group Financial Statements can be found on pages 214 to 216. c The impact of movements between the previous year’s average exchange rates and actual average exchange rates in 2019. Highlights for the year ended 31 December 2019 Comprising 1,126 hotels (223,370 rooms) at the end of 2019, EMEAA represented 25% of the Group’s room count. Revenues are primarily generated from hotels in the UK and gateway cities in continental Europe, the Middle East and Asia. The largest portion of rooms in the UK and continental Europe are operated under the franchise business model, primarily under our mainstream brands (Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express). Similarly, in the upscale market segment, Crowne Plaza is predominantly franchised, whereas, in the luxury market segment, the majority of InterContinental-branded hotels are operated under management agreements. The majority of hotels in markets outside of Europe are operated under the managed business model. Revenue from the reportable segmenta increased by $154m (27.1%) to $723m and operating profit decreased by $86m (44.3%) to $108m, impacted by a $97m increase in operating exceptional items, whilst both included the benefit of $11m significant liquidated damages (2018: $7m). Operating profit from the reportable segmenta increased by $11m (5.3%) to $217m. On an underlying basisb, revenue increased by $112m (20.5%), and underlying operating profit increased by $19m (9.8%), driven by increases in net rooms supply and the annualisation of the UK portfolio transaction, that completed in July 2018. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Performance 67 EMEAA hotel and room countHotelsRoomsAt 31 December2019Change over 20182019Change over 2018Analysed by brandSix Senses17171,3261,326Regent 3–7712InterContinental113733,5151,216Kimpton42920312Crowne Plaza186446,411152Hotel Indigo4164,439691voco12104,2933,762Holiday Inna394973,4322,079Holiday Inn Express3242046,4542,722Staybridge Suites1722,389204Other15(2)9,420(195)Total1,12675223,37012,271Analysed by ownership typeFranchised77347126,4558,333Managed3342592,8013,597Owned, leased and managed lease1934,114341Total1,12675223,37012,271Percentage of Group hotel and room count19.10.3ppt25.30.1ppta Includes 17 Holiday Inn Resort properties (3,604 rooms), (2018: 16 Holiday Inn Resort properties (3,391 rooms)).Total number of hotels1,126Total number of rooms223,370During 2019, EMEAA System size increased by 75 hotels (12,271 rooms) to 1,126 hotels (223,370 rooms). 90 hotels (15,335 rooms) opened in EMEAA in 2019, compared to 77 hotels (15,283 rooms) in 2018. 15 hotels (3,064 rooms) left the EMEAA System in the period, compared to 17 hotels (3,260 rooms) in the previous year.Total number of hotels in the pipeline404Total number of rooms in the pipeline81,106The EMEAA pipeline totalled 404 hotels (81,106 rooms) at 31 December 2019, representing an increase of 42 hotels (8,363 rooms) over 31 December 2018. Signings of 160 hotels (29,125 rooms), represented an increase of 27 hotels (2,207 rooms) from the prior year. 28 hotels (5,427 rooms) were removed from the pipeline in 2019, compared to 13 hotels (2,250 rooms) in the previous year.EMEAA pipelineHotelsRoomsAt 31 December2019Change over 20182019Change over 2018Analysed by brandSix Senses17171,1791,179Regent41664150InterContinental3127,507588Kimpton7–1,2477Crowne Plaza3519,415399Hotel Indigo40–5,652(109)EVEN Hotels–(1)–(200)vocoa1796,2204,710Holiday Innb1191325,9361,597Holiday Inn Express112(2)19,049(105)avid hotels11215215Staybridge Suites2013,860(87)Other1–16219Total4044281,1068,363Analysed by ownership typeFranchised165627,3311,650Managed2383653,6206,713Owned, leased and managed lease1–155–Total4044281,1068,363a Does not include three open hotels and one pipeline hotel that will be re-branded to voco.b Includes 18 Holiday Inn Resort properties (3,662 rooms), (2018: 10 Holiday Inn Resort properties (2,353 rooms)).Performance continuedEMEAA continued68IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Strategic Report Greater China revenue 2019 ($135m)6%Greater China number of rooms (135,546)15%“ 2019 marked IHG’s 35th anniversary of operating in Greater China with 800 opened and pipeline hotels. We continue our growth strategy focusing on quality and disciplined execution to build an ‘in China for China’ business, leveraging the benefit of IHG’s expertise and global scale.”Jolyon BulleyChief Executive Officer, Greater ChinaIndustry performance in 2019Industry RevPAR in Greater China declined by 4.9% due to both average daily rate and occupancy declines. The rate of supply growth reduced compared with 2018 but weaker demand growth drove occupancy declines for the first time since 2015. Tier 1 cities RevPAR declined 5.3% led by a decline in average daily rate. Tiers 2, 3 and 4 also saw RevPAR declines. Tier 4 saw the largest increase in demand (5.4%) while tier 1 saw the smallest (0.0%). Demand in Mainland China was dampened by trade disputes and a broader economic slowdown, whilst ongoing unrest resulted in Hong Kong SAR RevPAR declining 25.7%. Macau SAR RevPAR marginally declined, with modest gains in average daily rate.Regional priorities• Align the region’s development plans with the China Government’s 5 and 10 year plans to build and accelerate long-term growth in key target markets.• Accelerate Franchise growth across our mainstream and upscale brands based on a solid franchise owner offer and performance support operating foundation.• Continuous improvement in our portfolio of 10 brands in improving guest preference, delivering local brand experiences and a focus on hotel performance and optimising our owners’ return on investment.• Strengthen our IHG Rewards Club programme with localised member benefits, strategic partnership programmes and mobile-led digital solutions through well-established local digital platforms.• Continue our investment in talent and learning to attract people to our industry through the IHG Academy, grow future leaders and build competencies required to support our future growth. Regional highlights• Opened our 400th hotel in Greater China, with in-year milestones including our growth in Holiday Inn Express from 100 to 150 open hotels in just 18 months, opened our 100th Holiday Inn, and opened the first Kimpton Hotel and Restaurant in Asia Pacific, Kimpton Da’an Taipei. • Achieved record new hotel signings and openings, with over 800 open and pipeline hotels.• Announced the InterContinental Alliance with Sands Macao including The Venetian Macao, The Parisian Macao and the soon to be launched Londoner Hotel.• Launched partnerships with China Southern and regional digital and distribution partners.• Launched next generation People strategy that supports accelerated growth, the franchise model, and digital and technology roadmaps. • Recognition as a “Best Employer” for the eighth year in succession.IHG’s regional performance in 2019IHG’s regional comparable RevPAR in Greater China decreased by 4.5% in 2019, driven by a 4.7% decline in average daily rate, significantly impacted by political unrest in Hong Kong SAR with RevPAR declining 27.1%. Mainland China outperformed the industry, with RevPAR decreasing only 0.6%, due to lower corporate and meetings business. RevPAR declined in Macau SAR by 1.3%.Comparable RevPAR movement on previous year (12 months ended 31 December 2019)Fee businessInterContinental(4.6%)HUALUXE6.6%Crowne Plaza(4.9%)Hotel Indigo(8.1%)Holiday Inn(4.0%)Holiday Inn Express(4.7%)All brands(4.5%)Greater China69IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Performance Strategic Report Performance continued Greater China continued Greater China results Revenue from the reportable segmenta Fee business Total Operating profit from the reportable segmenta Fee business Operating exceptional items Operating profit 12 months ended 31 December 2019 $m 2018 Restated $m 2019 vs 2018 % change 2017 Restated $m 2018 vs 2017 % change 135 135 73 – 73 143 143 70 (1) 69 (5.6) (5.6) 4.3 – 5.8 117 117 53 – 53 22.2 22.2 32.1 – 30.2 Highlights for the year ended 31 December 2019 Comprising 470 hotels (135,546 rooms) at 31 December 2019, Greater China represented approximately 15% of the Group’s room count. The majority of rooms in Greater China operate under the managed business model. Revenue from the reportable segmenta decreased by $8m (5.6%) to $135m and operating profit increased by $4m (5.8%) to $73m, both impacted by a reduction in significant liquidated damages to $nil (2018: $6m). Operating profit from the reportable segmenta increased by $3m (4.3%) to $73m. On an underlyingb basis, revenue increased by $3m (2.3%), and underlyingb operating profit increased by $10m (15.9%), driven by 17.5% net rooms growth and cost efficiencies partially offset by a 4.5% decline in comparable RevPAR, impacted by ongoing unrest in Hong Kong SAR. For discussion of 2018 results, and the changes compared to 2017, prior to the restatements of those years in 2019 to reflect the adoption of IFRS 16, refer to the 2018 Annual Report and Form 20-F. The 2018 and 2017 results have been restated for IFRS16 in the current year (see pages 146 to 149). On a restated basis, operating profit increased by 30.2% from 2017 to 2018 (as previously reported: an increase of 30.8%). a Greater China reportable segment includes revenue and operating profit before exceptional items, excluding System Fund revenues and expenses and reimbursement of costs, for the fee business. b Definitions for Non-GAAP revenue and operating profit measures can be found on pages 55 to 59. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable line items with the Group Financial Statements can be found on pages 214 to 216. 70 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Greater China hotel and room count At 31 December Analysed by brand Six Senses Regent InterContinental Kimpton HUALUXE Crowne Plaza Hotel Indigo Holiday Inna Holiday Inn Express Other Total Analysed by ownership type Franchised Managed Total Percentage of Group hotel and room count 2019 1 3 48 1 9 96 13 107 183 9 470 89 381 470 8.0 Hotels Change over 2018 1 – 1 1 1 5 3 15 50 2 79 53 26 79 2019 122 1,232 19,570 129 2,710 34,296 1,868 31,176 37,787 6,656 Total number of hotels Rooms Change over 2018 470 122 (4) 341 129 375 1,886 362 3,169 8,623 5,230 Total number of rooms 135,546 The Greater China System size increased by 79 hotels (20,233 rooms) in 2019 to 470 hotels (135,546 rooms). 88 hotels (23,764 rooms) opened, our highest ever and 11 hotels (4,952 rooms) higher than 2018. Recent growth in the region has focused on tier 2 and 3 cities, which now represent approximately 54% of our open rooms. 70 Holiday Inn Brand Family hotels (14,130 rooms) were added in the year, compared to 47 hotels (9,090 rooms) in 2018. 9 hotels (3,531 rooms) were removed in 2019 compared to 14 hotels (5,038 rooms) in 2018. 135,546 20,233 23,254 112,292 135,546 14,499 5,734 20,233 1.0ppt 15.3 1.5ppt a Includes seven Holiday Inn Resort properties (1,895 rooms), (2018: six Holiday Inn Resort properties (1,726 rooms)). Greater China pipeline Total number of hotels in the pipeline At 31 December Analysed by brand Six Senses Regent InterContinental Kimpton HUALUXE Crowne Plaza Hotel Indigo EVEN Hotels Holiday Innb Holiday Inn Express Other Total Analysed by ownership type Franchised Managed Total Hotels Change over 2018 3 1 2 1 1 9 7 4 2 23 (1) 52 45 7 52 2019 3 1 27 5 22 48 24 11 58 194 – 393 169 224 393 2019 169 280 7,962 1,497 6,180 13,998 4,324 2,476 14,467 33,722 – 85,075 29,324 55,751 85,075 Rooms Change over 2018 393 Total number of rooms in the pipeline 85,075 At 31 December 2019, the Greater China pipeline totalled 393 hotels (85,075 rooms) compared to 341 hotels (77,923 rooms) at 31 December 2018. Signings (158 hotels, 35,673 rooms) were the highest ever, representing an increase of 22% (6,543 rooms) from the prior year. 108 hotels (18,667 rooms) were signed for the Holiday Inn Brand Family, including 76 franchised Holiday Inn Express hotels. 18 hotels (4,757 rooms) were removed from the pipeline in 2019, compared to 18 hotels (4,079 rooms) in 2018. 169 280 563 598 81 2,143 1,530 788 (793) 2,072 (279) 7,152 7,319 (167) 7,152 b Includes eight Holiday Inn Resort properties (2,183 rooms), (2018: eight Holiday Inn Resort properties (2,711 rooms)). IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Performance 71 Strategic Report Performance continued Central Central results Revenue Gross costs Operating exceptional items Operating loss 12 months ended 31 December 2018 Restated $m 2019 vs 2018 % change 2017 Restated $m 2018 vs 2017 % change 170 (287) (117) (55) (172) 8.8 8.0 6.8 (72.7) (18.6) 157 (259) (102) (29) (131) 8.3 10.8 14.7 89.7 31.3 2019 $m 185 (310) (125) (15) (140) Highlights for the year ended 31 December 2019 Net operating loss decreased by $32m (18.6%) compared to 2018, driven by a $40m (72.7%) decrease in operating exceptional items. Central revenue, which mainly comprises technology fee income, increased by $15m (8.8%) to $185m, driven by IHG System size growth (5.6%) and partly impacted by adverse foreign exchangea ($2m). Gross costs increased by $23m (8.0%), driven by reinvestment of a substantial portion of growth investment funded by savings elsewhere in the business, also benefiting from the impact of $5m foreign exchangea. Net operating loss before exceptional items increased by $8m (6.8%) to $125m, benefiting from the impact of $3m foreign exchangea, as an increase in central revenues was offset by continued investments in growth initiatives. a The impact of movements between the previous year’s average exchange rates and actual average rates in 2019. Other financial information System Fund The Group operates a System Fund to collect and administer cash assessments from hotel owners for the specific purpose of use in marketing, the Guest Reservation System, and hotel loyalty programme, IHG Rewards Club. The Fund also receives proceeds from the sale of loyalty points under third-party co-branding arrangements. The Fund is not managed to generate a profit or loss for IHG over the longer term, although an in-year surplus or deficit can arise. The Fund is managed for the benefit of hotels in the IHG System with the objective of driving revenues for the hotels. In the year to 31 December 2019, System Fund revenue increased by $140m (11.4%) to $1,373m. The primary driver was a favourable adjustment relating to a change in the actuarial assumptions around the ultimate rate of consumption of IHG Rewards Club points (‘breakage’) leading to increased revenue recognition year-over-year. The increase in non-loyalty revenue was driven by increased assessment fees and contributions from hotels, reflecting increased System size. Reimbursement of costs In the year to 31 December 2019, reimbursable revenue remained in line with 2018 at $1,171m. Cost reimbursements revenue represents reimbursements of costs incurred on behalf of managed and franchised properties and relates, predominantly, to payroll costs at managed properties where we are the employer. As we record cost reimbursements based upon costs incurred with no added mark up, this revenue and related expenses has no impact on either our operating profit or net income. Exceptional items Pre-tax exceptional items are treated as exceptional by reason of their size or nature and are excluded from the calculation of adjusted earnings per ordinary share as well as other Non-GAAP measures (see pages 55 to 59) in order to provide a more meaningful comparison of performance and can include, but are not restricted to, gains and losses on the disposal of assets, impairment charges and reversals, and restructuring costs (for more information see page 158). 2019 pre-tax exceptional items totalled a charge of $148m. The charge included: $28m relating to management’s best estimate of a settlement in respect of a lawsuit filed against the Group in the Americas region, together with the cost of an arbitration award made against the Group in the EMEAA region (see note 6 to the Group Financial Statements); $20m relating to reorganisation costs (see below); $131m arising from impairment charges further discussed below, the impact of which was partially offset by a corresponding fair value gain on contingent purchase consideration of $38m, and $7m relating to acquisition and integration costs arising from the Group’s recent acquisitions. Impairment Impairment of $131m comprises a $50m impairment on the Kimpton management agreements and an $81m impairment relating to the UK portfolio, comprising $49m related to goodwill and $32m related to right-of-use assets (see note 13 to the Group Financial Statements and pages 139 and 140 for further details). The impact of the impairment arising on the UK portfolio is partially offset by the fair value gain of $38m, see note 25 to the Group Financial Statements. Reorganisation costs In September 2017, the Group launched a comprehensive efficiency programme funding a series of new strategic initiatives to drive an acceleration in IHG’s future growth. The programme is centred around strengthening the Group’s organisational structure to redeploy resources to leverage scale in the highest opportunity markets and segments. The programme was completed in 2019. The programme is expected to realise c.$125m in annual savings by 2020, of which c.$75m will benefit the System Fund. These savings, primarily in administrative expenses, are planned to be reinvested as they are realised to accelerate medium-term revenue growth. Costs incurred since 2017 to achieve these savings, including amounts charged to the System Fund, total $196m. The exceptional cost charged to the Group income statement in 2019 of $20m includes severance costs of $8m and consultancy fees of $6m. 72 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Performance continued Other financial information Net financial expenses Net financial expenses, which were restated for IFRS 16, increased by $19m to $115m and adjusted interest, as reconciled on page 164, increased by $18m to $133m. The increase is primarily due to interest on the €500m bond issued in November 2018, and related currency swaps. Financial expenses included $63m (2018: $48m) of interest costs on the public bonds, which are fixed rate debt. Interest expense on lease liabilities was $41m (2018: $39m). Fair value gains / losses on contingent purchase consideration Contingent purchase consideration arose on the acquisitions of Regent, the UK portfolio and Six Senses (see note 25 to the Group Financial Statements). The net gain of $27m (2018: loss of $4m) comprises an exceptional gain of $38m in respect of the UK portfolio (see above), offset by a loss of $11m in respect of Regent. The total contingent purchase consideration liability at 31 December 2019 is $91m. Taxation The effective rate of tax on profit before exceptional items and System Fund was 24% (2018: 22%). Excluding the impact of prior year items, the equivalent tax rate would be 26% (2018: 24%). The effective rate is higher than the UK Corporation Tax rate of 19% (2018: 19%), due mainly to certain overseas profits (particularly in the US) being subject to statutory tax rates higher than the UK statutory rate, unrelieved foreign taxes and disallowable expenses. Taxation within exceptional items totalled a credit of $20m (2018: credit of $27m). This predominantly included a current tax credit of $4m on reorganisation costs, a $6m deferred tax credit in respect of future tax relief available on litigation costs and a $12m deferred tax credit in respect of impairment and adjustments to contingent purchase consideration (see above). Net tax paid in 2019 totalled $141m (2018: $68m). The 2019 tax paid was more than 2018 principally due to material amounts of tax recovered in 2018. IHG pursues an approach to tax that is consistent with its business strategy and its overall business conduct principles. The approach seeks to ensure full compliance with all tax filing, payment and reporting obligations on the basis of communicative and transparent relationships with tax authorities. Policies and procedures related to tax risk management are subject to regular review and update and are approved by the IHG Audit Committee. The Group’s Approach to Tax document is available on IHG’s website at www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business Tax liabilities or refunds may differ from those anticipated, in particular as a result of changes in tax law, changes in the interpretation of tax law, or clarification of uncertainties in the application of tax law. Procedures to minimise risk include the preparation of thorough tax risk assessments for all transactions carrying material tax risk and, where appropriate, material tax uncertainties are discussed and resolved with tax authorities in advance. As a result of its business profile as a hotel manager, and also as a residual legacy from prior acquisitions, IHG does have a small number of subsidiaries in jurisdictions commonly portrayed as tax havens. IHG manages such subsidiaries on a basis consistent with its business principles (for example, by making some foreign incorporated companies UK tax resident or by operating others so that local profits are commensurate with local activity). IHG’s contribution to the jurisdictions in which it operates includes a significant contribution in the form of taxes borne and collected, including taxes on its revenues and profits and in respect of the employment its business generates. IHG earns over 70% of its revenues in the form of franchise, management or similar fees, with over 80% of IHG-branded hotels being franchised. In jurisdictions in which IHG does franchise business, the prevailing tax law will generally provide for IHG to be taxed in the form of local withholding taxes based on a percentage of fees rather than based on profits. Costs to support the franchise business are normally incurred regionally or globally, and therefore profits for an individual franchise jurisdiction cannot be separately determined. Dividends The Board has proposed a final dividend per ordinary share of 85.9¢. With the interim dividend per ordinary share of 39.9¢, the full-year dividend per ordinary share for 2019 will total 125.8¢, an increase of 10% over 2018. On 19 October 2018, the Group announced a $500m return of funds to shareholders by way of a special dividend and share consolidation. The special dividend (262.1¢ per ordinary share) was paid on 29 January 2019. IHG pays its dividends in pounds sterling and US dollars. The sterling amount of the final dividend will be announced on 24 April 2020 using the average of the daily exchange rates for the three working days commencing 21 April 2020. See page 12 for details of IHG’s dividend policy. Earnings per ordinary share Basic earnings per ordinary share increased by 14.5% to 210.4¢ from 183.7¢ in 2018 whilst adjusted earnings per ordinary share increased by 3.4% to 303.3¢. Share price and market capitalisation The IHG share price closed at £52.08 on 31 December 2019, up from £42.49 on 31 December 2018. The market capitalisation of the Group at the year-end was £9.5bn. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Performance 73 Strategic Report Performance continued Liquidity and capital resources Sources of liquidity In November 2018, the Group issued a €500m, 2.125% euro bond repayable in May 2027. The bond extends the maturity profile of the Group’s debt. Currency swaps were transacted at the same time the bonds were issued in order to swap the proceeds and interest flows into pounds sterling. The currency swaps fix the bond debt at £436m, with interest payable semi-annually at a rate of 3.5%. This is in addition to £400m of public bonds which are repayable on 28 November 2022, £300m repayable on 14 August 2025 and £350m repayable on 24 August 2026. The Group is further financed by a $1.275bn revolving syndicated bank facility (the Syndicated Facility) and a $75m revolving bilateral facility (the Bilateral Facility) which mature in March 2022, under which $125m was drawn at 31 December 2019 (31 December 2018: $nil). The Syndicated and Bilateral Facilities contain the same terms and two financial covenants: interest cover; and net debt divided by operating profit before exceptional items, depreciation and amortisation and System Fund revenue and expenses. The Group is in compliance with all of the financial covenants in its loan documents, none of which are expected to present a material restriction on funding in the near future. The Group has started to review and plan for the expected discontinuation of LIBOR after 2021. The Group’s main exposure to LIBOR is the underlying reference rate in the Syndicated and Bilateral Facilities. The terms of this agreement will need to be renegotiated to address the discontinuation of LIBOR. The replacement of LIBOR with alternative reference rates is not expected to have a material impact on the group at this stage. Additional funding is provided by other uncommitted bank facilities (see note 22 to the Group Financial Statements). In the Group’s opinion, the available facilities are sufficient for the Group’s present liquidity requirements. Borrowings included bank overdrafts of $87m (2018: $104m), which were matched by an equivalent amount of cash and cash equivalents under the Group’s cash pooling arrangements. Under these arrangements, each pool contains a number of bank accounts with the same financial institution, and the Group pays interest on net overdraft balances within each pool. The cash pools are used for day-to-day cash management purposes and are managed daily as closely as possible to a zero balance on a net basis for each pool. Overseas subsidiaries are typically in a cash-positive position, with the most significant balances in the US, and the matching overdrafts are held by the Group’s central treasury company in the UK. Net debt of $2,665m (2018: $1,965m restated) is analysed by currency as follows: 2019 $m 2018 Restated $m Borrowings Sterling* US dollar Euros Other Cash and cash equivalents Sterling US dollar Euros Canadian dollar Chinese renminbi Other Net debt Average debt level 2,022 721 44 73 (25) (91) (13) (7) (17) (42) 2,665 2,720 1,956 620 37 56 (479) (91) (23) (12) (58) (41) 1,965 2,174 * Including the impact of currency swaps. Cash and cash equivalents include $16m (2018: $2m) that is not available for use by the Group due to local exchange controls. Information on the maturity profile and interest structure of borrowings is included in notes 22 and 24 to the Group Financial Statements. Information on the Group’s approach to allocation of capital resources can be found on pages 12 and 13. The Group had net liabilities of $1,465m at 31 December 2019, (2018: $1,131m restated). Cash from operating activities Net cash from operating activities totalled $653m for the year ended 31 December 2019, a decrease of $56m on the previous year, reflecting an increase of $75m in tax paid. Cash flow from operations is the principal source of cash used to fund the ongoing operating expenses, interest payments, maintenance capital expenditure and normal dividend payments of the Group. The Group believes that the requirements of its existing business and future investment can be met from cash generated internally, disposition of assets, and external finance expected to be available to it. Cash from investing activities Net cash outflows from investing activities increased by $296m to $493m, primarily reflecting the acquisition of Six Senses. Other movements in investing activities include property, plant and equipment refurbishment works involved in re-branding the UK portfolio hotels in 2019. The Group had committed contractual capital expenditure of $197m at 31 December 2019, (2018: $137m restated), including $3m of commitments for leases. 74 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Liquidity and capital resources continued Long-term debt obligationsa,b Interest payableb Derivatives Lease liabilities Agreed pension scheme contributions Capital contracts placedc Deferred and contingent purchase considerationd Total Total amounts committed $m Less than 1 year $m 2,074 315 70 3,857 6 197 162 6,681 – 58 7 97 6 197 3 368 1–3 years $m 654 114 16 188 – – 22 994 3–5 years $m – 73 17 121 – – 17 228 After 5 years $m 1,420 70 30 3,451 – – 120 5,091 a Repayment period classified according to the related facility maturity date. b Excluding bank overdrafts. c See note 30 to the Group Financial Statements for futher details. Also includes $3m related to leases that have not yet commenced. d Relates to the acquisitions of Six Senses, the UK portfolio and Regent (see note 11 to the Group Financial Statements for further details). Cash used in financing activities Net cash used in financing activities totalled $660m, which was $711m higher than 2018, primarily due to a cash outflow from the $500m special dividend paid in 2019, and the issue of the long-term bonds in 2018. Off-balance sheet arrangements At 31 December 2019, the Group had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on the Group’s financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. Contingent liabilities Contingent liabilities include guarantees over the debt of equity investments of $55m and outstanding letters of credit of $33m. The Group may also be exposed to additional liabilities resulting from litigation and security incidents. See note 31 to the Group Financial Statements for further details. Contractual obligations The Group had the following contractual obligations outstanding as of 31 December 2019. See table opposite. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Strategic Report | Performance 75 Governance Governance 78 Chair’s overview 79 Corporate Governance 79 Our Board and Committee governance structure 80 Our Board of Directors 82 Our Executive Committee 84 Board meetings 86 Director induction, training and development 86 Board effectiveness evaluation 88 Audit Committee Report 92 Corporate Responsibility Committee Report 93 Nomination Committee Report 94 Statement of compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code 96 Directors’ Remuneration Report 96 Remuneration Committee Chair’s statement 99 At a glance 100 Remuneration at IHG – the wider context 101 Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration 110 Directors’ Remuneration Policy Regent Porto Montenegro, Montenegro 76 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance 77 At IHG, we recognise the critical role that strong corporate governance plays in achieving long-term sustainable success. Our purpose, culture, values and strategy are all underpinned by our commitment to conducting business responsibly. The Board oversees the long-term strategic aims of the Group and is responsible for the leadership of the Group, ensuring our actions are in keeping with the strong ethics and values that shape our culture and deliver long-term, sustainable value for all our stakeholders.Focus areas and activitiesDuring 2019, the Board monitored and reviewed progress against strategic and operational objectives, with particular focus on growth. The Board had regard to levels of risk taken and shareholder and stakeholder interests in its decision making.The ongoing challenge of cybersecurity was a particular area of focus, with the Board engaging with, and receiving regular presentations and updates from, management on the Group’s approach to cybersecurity risk management. The Board also assessed the progress of the cybersecurity action plan put in place in 2018.Culture and talent continued to feature prominently on the Board agenda, reflecting the Board’s belief that continuing to evolve our culture in support of our purpose, values and strategic objectives, and continuing to focus on diversity and the talent pipeline, is essential for the long-term success of the Group. The Board recognises the importance of setting the tone of IHG’s culture.The Board’s engagement and dialogue with the Group’s workforce and other stakeholders was a further key area of focus during the year. The Board appointed a designated non-executive director to lead and coordinate its engagement with the workforce, approved an engagement plan, and actively engaged with employees through various forums (see pages 32 and 33 for further details).Governance frameworkThe Board delegates certain responsibilities to the Audit, Corporate Responsibility, Nomination and Remuneration Committees to assist in ensuring that effective corporate governance pervades the business.We have considered our governance framework in light of the evolving governance landscape and to ensure that our governance structure and processes align with the 2018 UK Corporate Governance Code and the Companies (Miscellaneous Reporting) Regulations 2018.During the year, the composition of the Nomination Committee was reviewed and adjusted so that it now consists of only one representative from each of the Board Committees as well as the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director, allowing for more focused discussion on Board composition, performance and succession.A key area of focus for the Audit Committee this year has been overseeing the external audit tender process and the ongoing assessment of the Group’s governance and risk control processes; the Corporate Responsibility Committee has been focused on the refresh of the Group’s Corporate Responsibility strategy and the delivery of ongoing targets; the Nomination Committee has been focused on the approach to Board engagement with the workforce, the composition (including diversity) of the Board and succession planning, and the continuing development of our diversity and inclusion framework; and the Remuneration Committee has been focused on developing a new Remuneration Policy and approval of the Colleague Share Plan.Board culture and compositionWe have a disciplined approach to Board composition and succession to ensure that we continue to have around the table the right mix of skills, experience, behaviours and knowledge as well as gender and geographical representation to add value as the Company pursues its strategic objectives.In December 2019, we announced in this respect the appointment of Arthur de Haast as an independent Non-Executive Director. Previously a Senior Director of Jones Lang LaSalle Inc., Arthur brings more than 30 years’ experience of capital markets and the hotel and hospitality sectors. Arthur joined the Board with effect from 1 January 2020 and serves on the Remuneration and Corporate Responsibility Committees.Training, development and Board performance review The training and development needs of each Director continue to be reviewed regularly. During 2019, Directors received training on a variety of topics, further details of which can be found on page 86.An external Board evaluation was carried out during the year. I am pleased to report that the key conclusion of the review was that the Board is well-functioning and operates effectively. Further details of the evaluation can be found on page 86. We also conducted another peer-to-peer Chair and Non-Executive Director assessment, where Directors provide structured feedback on each of their fellow Directors. Further details can be found on page 87.Compliance and our dual listingIHG continues to operate as a dual-listed company with a premium listing on the London Stock Exchange and a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange. As such, we are required to file an Annual Report in the UK and a Form 20-F in the US. To ensure consistency of information provided to both UK and US investors, we have again produced a combined Annual Report and Form 20-F. Our statement of compliance with the 2018 UK Corporate Governance Code (the Code) is located on pages 94 and 95. I am pleased to report that, during 2019, we complied in all material respects with all principles and provisions of the Code. A statement outlining the differences between the Group’s UK corporate governance practices and those followed by US companies can be found on page 240.Looking forwardIn 2020, the Board will continue to progress the actions arising from the external evaluation and we look forward to continuing to engage with, and foster our regard for the interests of, shareholders, the workforce and other key stakeholders. We see this as essential to building and maintaining a successful and sustainable business.Patrick CescauChair of the Board17 February 2020Chair’s overview78IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Governance Corporate Governance Our Board and Committee governance structure We remain committed to maintaining the highest standards of corporate governance. Our governance framework is led and directed by the Board, which in turn delegates certain responsibilities to its Committees to support IHG’s purpose, values and strategy, as well as our commitment to conducting business responsibly. The Board and its Committees The Board establishes the Group’s purpose, values and strategy, and is responsible for promoting the long-term sustainable success of the Group. A number of key decisions and matters are reserved for the Board and are not delegated to management. The schedule of matters reserved was reviewed for the Board at the February 2020 Board meeting and is available on our website. The Board has responsibility for reviewing the means for the workforce to raise concerns in confidence and the reports arising from its operation, which was previously undertaken by the Audit Committee. The Board is supported by its Principal Committees, namely the Audit Committee, Corporate Responsibility Committee, Nomination Committee and Remuneration Committee, to assist it in carrying out its functions, overseeing the delivery of strategic objectives and driving sustainable value for shareholders and considering the impacts on, and interests of, other stakeholders. Details of how the Board spent its time during 2019 can be found on pages 84 and 85. Management Committees Operational matters, routine business and information disclosure procedures are delegated by the Board to Management Committees. The Executive Committee is chaired by the CEO and considers and manages a range of day-to-day strategic and operational issues facing the Group, including the development of the Group’s strategy and budget for the Board’s approval, executing the strategic plan once agreed by the Board, monitoring the Group’s performance and providing assurance to the Board in relation to overall performance and risk management. The General Purposes Committee is chaired by an Executive Committee member and attends to business of a routine nature and to the administration of matters, the principles of which have been agreed previously by the Board or an appropriate Committee. The Disclosure Committee is chaired by the Group’s Financial Controller and ensures that proper procedures are in place for statutory and listing requirements. This Committee reports to the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the Audit Committee. More information on our Board and Committees is available on our website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. Board and Committee membership and attendance in 2019 Appointment date Committee appointments Total meetings held Chair Patrick Cescaua 01/01/13 N Chief Executive Officer Keith Barr Executive Directors Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Elie Maalouf Senior Independent Non-Executive Director Dale Morrison Non-Executive Directors Anne Busquet Ian Dyson Jo Harlow Luke Mayhew Jill McDonald Malina Ngai 01/07/17 01/01/14 01/01/18 01/06/11 A N R 01/03/15 01/09/13 01/09/14 01/07/11 01/06/13 01/03/17 A C A R N R A C N A C N C R Board 7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 6/7d Audit Committee Corporate Responsibility Committee Nomination Committee Remuneration Committee Meetings 5 – – – – 5/5 5/5 5/5 – 5/5 5/5 – 3 – – – – – 3/3 – – 2/3c 3/3 3/3 6 6/6 – – – 6/6 2/6b 2/6b 6/6 6/6 6/6 2/6b 6 – – – – 6/6 – 6/6 6/6 – – 5/6d a In principle the Chair attends all Committee meetings, and the full Board attends the relevant sections of the Audit Committee meetings when results, and risk management processes and controls are discussed and considered. b The composition of the Nomination Committee was adjusted during the year to comprise one member of each Board Committee and the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director. Accordingly Anne Busquet, Ian Dyson and Malina Ngai resigned from the Nomination Committee in July 2019. c Luke Mayhew was unable to attend a Corporate Responsibility Committee meeting due to prior engagement. d Malina Ngai was unable to attend a Board meeting and a Remuneration Committee meeting due to a prior commitment. Board Committee membership key A Audit Committee member R Remuneration Committee member C Corporate Responsibility Committee member Chair of a Board Committee N Nomination Committee member IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Corporate Governance 79 NSkills and experience: From 2005 to 2008, Patrick was Group Chief Executive of Unilever Group, having previously been Chair of Unilever PLC, Vice-Chair of Unilever NV and Foods Director, following a progressive career with the company, which began in France in 1973. Prior to being appointed to the board of Unilever PLC and Unilever NV in 1999, as Finance Director, he was Chair of a number of the company’s major operating companies and divisions, including in the US, Indonesia and Portugal. He was formerly a Senior Independent Director and Non-Executive Director of Pearson plc, Tesco PLC and International Airlines Group, and a Director at INSEAD.Board contribution: Patrick has held board positions for more than 20 years in leading global businesses and brings extensive international experience in strategy, brands, consumer products, and finance. As Chair, Patrick is responsible for leading the Board and ensuring it operates in an effective manner, and promoting constructive relations with shareholders and wider stakeholders. As Chair of the Nomination Committee, he is responsible for reviewing and making recommendations on the Group’s leadership needs.Other appointments: Patrick is a trustee of The Leverhulme Trust, Patron of the St Jude India Children’s Charity and Member of the TEMASEK European Advisory Panel.Patrick Cescau Non-Executive ChairAppointed to the Board: 1 January 2013Skills and experience: Keith has spent more than 25 years working in the hospitality industry across a wide range of roles. He started his career in hotel operations and joined IHG in 2000. Since April 2011 he has been a member of IHG’s Executive Committee. Directly before being appointed CEO, Keith served as Chief Commercial Officer for four years. In this role, he led IHG’s global brand, loyalty, sales and marketing functions, and oversaw IHG’s loyalty programme, IHG® Rewards Club. Prior to this, Keith was CEO of IHG’s Greater China business for four years, setting the foundations for growth in a key marketand overseeing the launch of the HUALUXE® Hotels and Resorts brand. Board contribution: Keith is responsible for the executive management of the Group and ensuring the implementation of Board strategy and policy.Other appointments: Keith is a Non-Executive Director of Yum! Brands. He also sits on the Board of WiHTL (Women in Hospitality Travel & Leisure). Keith is a graduate of Cornell University’s School of Hotel Administration and is currently a member of the Dean’s Advisory Board for The School of Hotel Administration, Cornell SC Johnson College of Business.Keith BarrChief Executive Officer (CEO)Appointed to the Board: 1 July 2017Skills and experience: Paul is a fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants and is a graduate of the Harvard Business School Advanced Management Programme. He was previously CFO of IHG’s Europe and Asia, Middle East and Africa regions, a position he held since September 2011. He joined IHG in August 2004 and has held a number of senior-level finance positions, including Head of Investor Relations, Head of Global Corporate Finance and Financial Planning & Tax, and Head of Hotel Development, Europe. Paul alsoacted as Interim CEO of the Europe, Middle East and Africa region (prior to the reconfiguration of our operating regions).Board contribution: Paul is responsible, together with the Board, for overseeing the financial operations of the Group and for leading Group strategy.Paul Edgecliffe-JohnsonChief Financial Officer (CFO) and Group Head of Corporate StrategyAppointed to the Board: 1 January 2014Skills and experience: Elie was appointed CEO, Americas at IHG in February 2015 and has 20 years’ experience of working in major global franchise businesses. He joined the Group having spent six years as President and CEO of HMSHost Corporation, where he was also a member of the board of directors. Elie brings broad experience spanning hotel development, branding, finance, real estate and operations management as well as food and beverage expertise. Elie was Senior Advisor with McKinsey & Company from 2012 to 2014.Board contribution: Elie brings a deep understanding of the global hospitality sector to the Board. He is responsible for business development andperformance of all hotel brands and properties in the Americas region and has global responsibility for customer development, providing oversight of the Global Sales organisation, as well as our owner management and services strategy.Other appointments: Elie is a member of the American Hotel & Lodging Association Executive committee of the Board, and the U.S. Travel Association CEO Roundtable. In addition, Elie serves as a member of the Global Advisory Council at the University of Virginia Darden School of Business and is a board member of the Atlanta Committee for Progress.Elie MaaloufChief Executive Officer, AmericasAppointed to the Board: 1 January 2018A N RSkills and experience: Dale is a founding partner of TriPointe Capital Partners and subsequently Twin Ridge Capital, both private equity firms. Dale was previously President and CEO of McCain Foods Limited, President and CEO of Campbell Soup Company and Non-Executive Chair of Marlin 1 (holding company for Young’s Seafood International Holdings Ltd.).Board contribution: Dale has over 10 years’ experience in sales and marketing positions, and over 25 years’ experience in general management, having held senior positions in the branded foods sector. Dale’s role as Senior Independent Non-Executive Director is fundamental to the successful operation of the Board.Other appointments: Currently a Non-Executive Director of International Flavors & Fragrances Inc.Dale MorrisonSenior Independent Non-Executive Director (SID)Appointed to the Board: 1 June 2011A C Skills and experience: Anne began her career at Hilton International in Paris, before joining American Express Company in New York, where she held several executive positions and served for 23 years. Anne was also the CEO of Local and Media Services at InterActiveCorp.Board contribution: Anne brings more than 20 years’ experience in senior positions inmultinational companies, predominantly in the financial, branded and digital-commerce sectors. Other appointments: Anne is currently the President of AMB Advisors, an independent consulting firm, and Managing Director at Golden Seeds LLC, an angel investment company. She also serves on the boards of Pitney Bowes, MTBC and Elior Group and on the advisory boards of JEGI and SheSpeaks.Anne BusquetIndependent Non-Executive DirectorAppointed to the Board: 1 March 2015 Corporate Governance continuedOur Board of Directors80IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Governance C RSkills and experience: Arthur has held several senior roles in the Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL) group, where he is currently Chair of JLL’s Capital Markets Advisory Council, having previously acted as Chair and Global CEO of JLL’s Hotels and Hospitality Group. Arthur is also a former Chair of the Institute of Hospitality.Board contribution: Arthur has more than 30 years’ experience in the capital markets, hotels and hospitality sectors, along with significant Board-level knowledge around sustainability. Arthur serves on the Remuneration and Corporate Responsibility Committees.Other appointments: Arthur is Chair of JLL’s Capital Markets Advisory Council, a member of JLL’s Global Sustainability Board, an Independent Non-Executive Director of Chalet Hotels Limited and a member of the Advisory Board of the Scottish Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow.Arthur de HaastIndependent Non-Executive DirectorAppointed to the Board: 1 January 2020A RSkills and experience: Ian has held a number of senior executive and finance roles, including Group Finance and Operations Director for Marks and Spencer Group plc for five years from 2005 to 2010, where he oversaw significant changes in the business. In addition, Ian was CEO of Punch Taverns plc, Finance Director for the Rank Group Plc, a leading European gaming business, and Group Financial Controller and Finance Director for the hotels division of Hilton Group plc.Board contribution: Ian has gained significant experience from working in various senior financeroles, predominantly in the retail, leisure and hospitality sectors. Ian became Chair of the Audit Committee on 1 April 2014, and, as such, is responsible for leading the Committee to ensure effective internal controls and risk management systems are in place.Other appointments: Currently a Non-Executive Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of SSP Group plc, Senior Independent Non-Executive Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of ASOS plc and Senior Independent Non-Executive Director of Flutter Entertainment plc.Ian DysonIndependent Non-Executive DirectorAppointed to the Board: 1 September 2013N RSkills and experience: Jo most recently held the position of Corporate Vice President of the Phones Business Unit at Microsoft Corporation. She was previously Executive Vice President of Smart Devices at Nokia Corporation, following a number of senior management roles at Nokia from 2003. Prior to that, she held marketing, sales and management roles at Reebok International Limited from 1992 to 2003 and at Procter & Gamble Company from 1984 to 1992.Board contribution: Jo has over 25 years’ experience working in various senior roles, predominantly in the branded and technology sectors. Jo became Chair of the Remuneration Committee on 1 October 2017, and as such she is responsible for setting the remuneration policy. Jo is also a member of the Nomination Committee.Other appointments: Currently a member of the Supervisory Board of Ceconomy AG and a Non-Executive Director of Halma plc and J Sainsbury plc.Jo HarlowIndependent Non-Executive DirectorAppointed to the Board: 1 September 2014 A C NSkills and experience: Luke served for 12 years on the Board of John Lewis Partnership plc, including as Managing Director of the Department Store division. Luke also spent five years at British Airways Plc and seven years at Thomas Cook Group plc in senior positions. He was also Chair of Pets At Home Ltd, a Non-Executive Director of WH Smith PLC and until recently Senior Independent Director of DFS Furniture plc.Board contribution: Luke has over 40 years’ experience in senior roles and directorships in the branded service sector. As the designated Non-Executive Director for workforceengagement, he is responsible for leading on, and the consideration of, employee perspective in Board deliberations and for ensuring effective channels of feedback between IHG employees and the Board. Luke was the Remuneration Committee Chair at Brambles Limited from 2006 to 2014 and at IHG from July 2011 to September 2017.Other appointments: Currently a trustee of BBC Children in Need and the National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain and a Governor of the Southbank Centre.Luke MayhewIndependent Non-Executive DirectorAppointed to the Board: 1 July 2011A C NSkills and experience: Jill started her career at Colgate-Palmolive Company, spent 16 years with British Airways Plc and has held a number of senior marketing positions in the UK and overseas. Jill was CEO UK and President for the North West Europe division for McDonald’s, and held a number of other senior roles in the company from 2006. From May 2015 until September 2017, Jill served as CEO of the Halfords Group plc. From 2017-2019, Jill served as Managing Director, Clothing, Home and Beauty, at Marks and Spencer plc.Board contribution: Jill has over 30 years’ experience working with high-profile international consumer-facing brands at both marketing and operational level. As Chair of the Corporate Responsibility Committee, she is responsible for corporate responsibility objectives and strategy and approach to sustainable development.Other appointments: Currently CEO of Costa Coffee.Jill McDonaldIndependent Non-Executive DirectorAppointed to the Board: 1 June 2013C RSkills and experience: Malina is CEO of A.S. Watson (Asia & Europe) Limited, and Group Chief Operating Officer of A.S. Watson Group, which is part of Hong Kong-based conglomerate CK Hutchison Holdings Limited. A.S. Watson is the world’s largest international health and beauty retailer with thirteen brands including Watsons, Superdrug, Savers, The Perfume Shop, Kruidvat, ICI Paris XL and ParknShop. In addition, Malina is Vice Chair of the Hong Kong Retail Management Association and was previously a member of the Board of Directors of the Hong Kong Sports Institute Limited.Board contribution: Malina has over 20 years’ experience gained from working in senior positions in global organisations across a broad range of sectors, with particular understanding of consumer-facing branded companies and the role that technology and digital commerce play in transforming the consumer experience.Other appointments: Currently CEO of A.S. Watson (Asia & Europe) Limited, Group Chief Operating Officer of A.S. Watson and Vice Chair of the Hong Kong Retail Management Association.Malina NgaiIndependent Non-Executive DirectorAppointed to the Board: 1 March 201781IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Corporate Governance In addition to Keith Barr, Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson and Elie Maalouf, the Executive Committee comprises:Skills and experience: Claire joined IHG with an in-depth knowledge of the hospitality industry having spent 11 years at American Express in a range of senior leadership roles across marketing, consumer travel and loyalty. In her tenure there, Claire was General Manager (GM), Global Travel and Lifestyle, where she led a team responsible for delivering luxury lifestyle services, and she held additional roles including GM for Consumer Loyalty, GM for US Consumer Travel, and Senior Vice President, Global Marketing and Brand Management. Claire has also held senior marketing positions at Dell, as well as finance and general management roles at PepsiCo/Quaker Oats Company, building significant expertise across technology, retail e-commerce, financial services, and travel and hospitality sectors. Claire has been an Executive Board Member of the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), served as a Board Member of Tumi Inc. and participated on multiple industry advisory boards. Claire is a Certified Public Accountant and holds an MBA from the J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University.Key responsibilities: These include all aspects of brand design and commercial delivery, loyalty, partnerships, customer experience, and marketing execution.Claire BennettGlobal Chief Marketing OfficerAppointed to the Executive Committee: October 2017 (joined the Group: 2017)Skills and experience: Prior to his appointment as CEO for Greater China, Jolyon was Chief Operating Officer (COO) for the Americas, leading the region’s operations for franchised and managed hotels, in addition to cultivating franchisee relationships and enhancing hotel operating performance. Jolyon has also served as COO for Greater China for almost four years, with oversight of the region’s hotel portfolio and brand performance, food and beverage brand solutions, new hotel openings and owner relations.Jolyon joined IHG in 2001, as Director of Operations in New South Wales, Australia, and then held roles of increasing responsibility across IHG’s Asia-Pacific region. He became Regional Director Sales and Marketing for Australia, New Zealand and South Pacific in 2003, relocated to Singapore in 2005 and held positions of Vice President Operations South East Asia and India, Vice President Resorts, and Vice President Operations, South East and South West Asia. Jolyon graduated from William Angliss Institute in Melbourne with a concentration on Tourism and Hospitality.Key responsibilities: These include the management, growth and profitability of IHG’s fastest growing region, Greater China. Jolyon BulleyChief Executive Officer, Greater ChinaAppointed to the Executive Committee: November 2017 (joined the Group: 2001)Skills and experience: Before joining IHG in April 2012, Yasmin was Director of Communications at the Home Office, where she advised the Home Secretary, ministers and senior officials on the strategic development and daily management of all the Home Office’s external and internal communications. She was previously Director of Communications at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; Head of Communications for Welfare to Work and New Deal and Head of Marketing at the Department for Education and Skills. Before joining government communications, Yasmin was Publicity Commissioner for the BBC, where she led communications activity around the launch of a new digital learning channel and around the BBC’s educational output for both adults and children.In 2011, Yasmin was awarded a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the New Year’s honours list in recognition of her career in government communications. In addition, Yasmin sits on the Board of Trustees for the British Council, the UK’s international organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities and is a Board member of the International Tourism Partnership. Key responsibilities: She is responsible for all global communications activity, ensuring that it supports and enables IHG’s broader strategic priorities. This includes all external and internal activity, covering both corporate and brand communications, as well as leading IHG’s Corporate Responsibility strategy and key public affairs work. Yasmin DiamondExecutive Vice President, Global Corporate AffairsAppointed to the Executive Committee: April 2016 (joined the Group: 2012)Skills and experience: Nicolette joined IHG in 2001, and was appointed Deputy Company Secretary in August 2011, during which time she worked very closely with the Board, Executive Committee and wider organisation to ensure best-in-class delivery and compliance across our legal and regulatory areas. Nicolette is a solicitor and prior to joining IHG worked for Linklaters in London and Findlay & Tait (now Bowman Gilfillan) in South Africa. Nicolette was appointed as Company Secretary on 1 March 2019.Key responsibilities: These include overseeing our approach to corporate governance, risk management, insurance, regulatory compliance, internal audit, legal and hotel standards.Nicolette Henfrey Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Company SecretaryAppointed to the Executive Committee: February 2019 (joined the Group: 2001)Corporate Governance continuedOur Executive Committee82IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Governance Skills and experience: Kenneth Macpherson became CEO, EMEAA in January 2018. Kenneth was previously IHG’s CEO for Greater China, a role he held from 2013 to 2017. Kenneth has extensive experience across sales, marketing strategy, business development and operations. In addition to 12 years living and working in China, Kenneth’s career includes experience in Asia, the UK, France and South Africa. Before IHG, Kenneth worked for 20 years at Diageo, one of the UK’s leading branded companies. His senior management positions included serving as Managing Director of Diageo Greater China, where he helped to build the company’s presence and led the landmark deal to acquire ShuiJingFang, a leading manufacturer of China’s national drink, and one of the first foreign acquisitions of a Chinese listed company.Key responsibilities: Kenneth is responsible for the management, growth and profitability of the EMEAA region. He also manages a portfolio of hotels in some of the world’s most exciting destinations, in both mature and emerging markets.Kenneth MacphersonChief Executive Officer, EMEAAAppointed to the Executive Committee: April 2013 (joined the Group: 2013)Skills and experience: Ranjay joined IHG as Chief Human Resources Officer in December 2016. He previously spent 23 years at Unilever, in a range of senior leadership roles at global, regional and country levels. At Unilever, Ranjay was most recently Executive Vice President Global HR (Categories and Market Clusters), where he led HR for Unilever’s eight regions (Market Clusters) and four global Product Categories under a unified global HR leadership role. Ranjay has worked and lived in several countries, including the UK, the Netherlands, Singapore, UAE and India.Key responsibilities: These include global talent management, learning and capability building, diversity, organisation development, reward and benefit programmes, employee relations, and all aspects of the people and organisation strategy for the Group.Ranjay has resigned as Chief Human Resources Officer with effect from the end of February 2020.Ranjay RadhakrishnanChief Human Resources OfficerAppointed to the Executive Committee: December 2016 (joined the Group: 2016)Skills and experience: George joined IHG in 2008 and spent over a decade as IHG’s EVP, General Counsel and Company Secretary, with responsibility for corporate governance, risk and assurance, legal, corporate responsibility and information security. He is a solicitor and qualified to private practice in 1995. Prior to joining the Group, George spent over 10 years with Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, where he held various key positions including Deputy Company Secretary and Senior Legal Counsel. In February 2019 George was appointed as Chief Commercial and Technology Officer, continuing as Company Secretary until 1 March 2019.Key responsibilities: As EVP, General Counsel and Company Secretary, these included corporate governance, risk management, information security, insurance, regulatory compliance, internal audit, legal and hotel standards. As EVP, Chief Commercial and Technology Officer, these include global sales, distribution, revenue management, hotel and owner solutions, reservations and customer care, digital, information security and technology.George TurnerExecutive Vice President, Chief Commercial and Technology OfficerAppointed to the Executive Committee: January 2009 (joined the Group: 2008)Changes to the Board and its Committees, and Executive Committee Arthur de HaastArthur was appointed to the Board from 1 January 2020Anne BusquetAnne stepped down from the Nomination Committee in July 2019Ian DysonIan stepped down from the Nomination Committee in July 2019Malina NgaiMalina stepped down from the Nomination Committee in July 2019Ranjay RadhakrishnanRanjay has resigned as Chief Human Resources Officer with effect from the end of February 202083IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Corporate Governance Governance Corporate Governance continued Board meetings The Chair and Company Secretary continue to operate a thorough two-tiered collaborative process for setting the Board agenda to ensure that the focus and discussion strikes the appropriate balance between short-term needs of the business and the longer-term. The Chair, CEO and Company Secretary also meet in advance of each Board and Committee meeting to finalise the agendas and ensure that sufficient time is allocated and in which order each matter is considered. The Company Secretary maintains an annual agenda schedule for Board meetings that sets out strategic and operational matters to be considered. Board papers are circulated to all Board members at least one week in advance of each meeting, to ensure that Directors have sufficient time to fully prepare for the meetings and ensure that effective, focused and relevant discussions take place. Each Board meeting begins with an update from the Chair and CEO, and the CFO then provides a review of the Group’s financial performance. Executive Committee members and other members of senior management present updates and ‘deep-dives’ on key initiatives and developments throughout the year, including functional, market and brand reviews, enabling all Directors to engage with senior management, have a strong understanding of Group operations, challenges and successes and contribute to strategic discussions. The Board continues to receive presentations in the less formal context of pre-dinner meetings, scheduled the day before Board meetings, and invites external experts to provide ‘outside-in’ perspectives. This year the Board discussed the Greater China market and consumer and technology trends with external experts. The Board held seven scheduled meetings during the year, and individual attendance is set out on page 79. All Directors are expected to attend all Board meetings and relevant Committee meetings unless they are prevented from doing so by prior commitments, illness or a conflict of interest. If Directors are unable to attend Board or Committee meetings, they are sent the relevant papers and asked to provide comments to the Chair of the Board or Committee in advance of the meeting so that their comments can be duly considered. Time is set aside at the start and end of each Board meeting for the CEO to meet with the Chair and Non-Executive Directors, and for the Chair to meet privately with the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director (SID) and Non-Executive Directors to discuss any matters arising. The SID continues to be available to discuss concerns with shareholders, in addition to the normal channels of shareholder communication. During 2019, the Board focused on strategic and operational matters, corporate governance, investor relations and risk management. Board papers expressly reference the relevant stakeholder considerations and the interests of key stakeholders were considered throughout discussions. The Board is committed to maintaining an active and effective dialogue with all of our key stakeholders, as well as taking their interests into consideration in our decision making. Details of the Board’s engagement with the Group’s employees (pursuant to the ‘Voice of the Employee’ approach approved by the Board during the year) is set out on pages 32 and 33. Information in relation to our regard for the environment and local communities is provided on pages 34 and 35. Details of our engagement with suppliers, hotel owners and guests are included on pages 38 to 40, and information about our engagement with shareholders and investors is on pages 36 and 37. The key focus areas for the Board during 2019 are outlined below: Strategic and operational matters Area of discussion Accelerating our growth Strategic initiatives Operating regions Commercial delivery Brands Our people and culture Finance 84 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Discussion topic Regular updates were received on progress against key strategic initiatives, including ongoing refinement of IHG’s operating model and key processes, benefit realisation, and risk management. Consideration of merger and acquisition activity, including the acquisition of the Six Senses brand and business. In considering the acquisition, the Board had regard to the value proposition for our owners and our guests and for shareholders and reviewed the conclusions of the due diligence across a number of areas, including in relation to employees, human rights and the environment. Operating performance, competitive positioning, and outlook and strategy for all regions, including progress against KPIs, were reviewed at each Board meeting. Deep-dive sessions on strategy, performance, risks and opportunities in each region including key market development opportunities were presented during the year. Hotel lifecycle management, with a particular focus on the Group’s owner proposition, was also considered. Review of long-term channels and sales strategy and the plans for omnichannel revenue delivery, digital experiences, and data enterprise capabilities. Brand performance and initiatives for all brands, including approving the launch of Atwell Suites and monitoring the integration and delivery of the voco, avid, Regent and Six Senses brands. In considering the Atwell Suites brand, the Board took into account the brand proposition for guests and for our owners, including, for example, owner cost to build. The Board reviewed and adopted a ‘Voice of the Employee’ plan designed to strengthen the understanding of employee engagement and the impact of business proposals on employees, where relevant. Following such adoption, the Board reviewed various employee feedback channels, and members of the Board actively engaged with employees at various meetings and forums. Further information is set out on pages 28 and 32 to 33. In addition to approving the budget, review of the Group’s funding and liquidity position. In approving the budget, the Board considered a number of factors, including long-term viability, employee considerations, the need for investment in our business and the expectations of shareholders. Area of discussion Discussion topic Corporate governance Updates from each of the Board Committees Details of Committee activities during 2019 can be found on pages 88 to 93 and 96 to 117. Confidential Disclosure Channel Reports Having assumed responsibility for overseeing the Group’s Confidential Disclosure Channel, the Board received reports of confidential matters disclosed. Quarterly corporate governance and regulatory updates, including reviews of regulatory developments and any upcoming legislative changes affecting the business, the Board and/or its Committees Internal quarterly updates are provided to the Board covering key regulatory and corporate governance developments in areas such as audit reform, the role of the Board in cyber risk, remuneration trends, and ESG considerations, and how the Group is responding. Year-end matters, including the Annual Report and Form 20-F Details of the review process of the Annual Report and Form 20-F can be found on page 88. Board effectiveness evaluation Risk management Cybersecurity Internal controls and risk management systems, our risk appetite and our global insurance programme Terms of Reference for each Board Committee Investor relations and communications Updates on investor perceptions and shareholder relations, consideration of analysts’ reports and media updates Global communications updates Review and approval of shareholder returns strategies for 2019 Details of the process and outcome of the external Board effectiveness review can be found on page 86. Presentations and updates were received on cybersecurity, including the overall threat landscape, IHG’s multi-year plan to enhance security capability, and the status of 2019 initiatives. The Board further considered the approach to cybersecurity risk management, key risk areas, and enhanced governance, including approval of an updated information security governance policy. Regular updates were received on internal controls, risk management systems, principal and emerging risks, our risk appetite and global insurance programme. Reports on risk topics were delivered by the Chair of each Committee. Changes to the composition and Terms of Reference of the Nomination Committee were considered and approved during the year. The Terms of Reference for all Committees and the Matters Reserved for the Board can be found on our website. The Board receives a regular report outlining share register movement, relative share price performance, Investor Relations activities and engagement with shareholders. The Board also considered feedback from the regular investor and analyst perception survey as well as individual meetings with investors. The Board receives a regular report on global communications covering areas including the changing external landscape, trends on consumption of information, communications priorities, activity across key regions, our brands, people, and owners. During the year, the Board considered and, after taking into account stakeholder interests, distributable reserves and long-term success of the Company, recommended two dividends. Preparations for the AGM Details of the 2020 AGM can be found on page 36. Annual Strategy Meeting – June 2019 The 2019 Annual Strategy Meeting was held in New York and the Board undertook a detailed review of the performance and achievements of the business in the broader context of the changing competitive environment, as well as completing an assessment of the key strategic choices and priorities required to deliver long-term success for the Group. Members of the Executive Committee attended and discussed with the Board various topics, including hospitality market dynamics, IHG’s brand portfolio and loyalty strategy, market opportunities and choices, and opportunities for investment in capabilities and platforms in areas such as distribution and channels, loyalty, and owner and hotel lifecycle. The Board received updates on the Group’s People and Culture roadmap and its Corporate Responsibility strategy. Board members also had the opportunity to engage directly with our owners at a reception hosted at the InterContinental Times Square hotel as part of the NYU International Hospitality Industry Conference. Each Board member received a full briefing in advance of the Annual Strategy Meeting to ensure they had the time to reflect on the key information ahead of engaging in the discussions at the meeting. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Corporate Governance 85 Governance Corporate Governance continued Director induction, training and development New Director inductions All new Directors, upon appointment, undergo a comprehensive and formal induction programme which is tailored to meet their individual needs. We believe this is crucial to ensure our Directors have a full understanding of all aspects of our business and familiarity with the Group’s purpose, culture and values, to ensure they are able to contribute effectively to the Board. Ongoing Director training and development We understand the importance of an ongoing training programme for Directors to enable them to fully understand the Group’s business and operations in the context of the rapidly developing environment in which it operates. The Chair continues to review the training and development needs with each Director on a regular basis and the Board is made aware of training opportunities. Board and Committee meetings are regularly used to update Directors on developments in the environment in which the business operates and in-depth presentations are provided on key topical areas. The Company Secretary provides regular updates on regulatory, corporate governance and legal matters and Directors are able to meet individually with senior management if necessary. Focus trends and areas in 2019 included audit reform and environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations, as well as cybersecurity developments. Directors are also encouraged to attend external training events to update their skills and knowledge. Board meetings continue to be held at IHG hotels around the world to provide first-hand experience of our different brands. We believe that this opportunity to meet our workforce, suppliers and owners across the business broadens the Board’s understanding of the markets in which we operate. In 2019, Board members attended Board and Committee meetings at the InterContinental® London Park Lane and the Kimpton Fitzroy Hotel London in the UK, the Barclay InterContinental Hotel in New York, USA as well as meetings at the Group’s head offices in Denham, UK. Directors are also encouraged to continue to visit hotels across our brands on an informal basis. The review’s findings and recommendations were reported to and discussed by the Board and its Committees in December 2019. Overall, the review concluded that the Board is well-led and operates effectively to high standards of professionalism. It found that the Board Committees are well integrated into the Board decision- making process and that the relationship between the Executive and Non-Executive Directors is constructive. The Nomination Committee is also effectively overseeing Board composition and succession. The review identified some areas where changes could appropriately be made and the Board agreed to take the actions outlined on the following page, recognising the benefits of continuous improvement: A tailored induction plan was prepared for Arthur de Haast in advance of his appointment to the Board from 1 January 2020. This includes: • Information on the Group’s purpose, culture, values and strategy, including its business model, brands and the markets in which it operates; • An overview of how the Group generates value for its shareholders, has regard for its stakeholders and the environment and how it contributes to wider society; • Our approach to internal controls and our risk management strategy; • Information on the Board, its Committees and IHG’s governance processes, with a particular focus on the Remuneration and Corporate Responsibility Committees in light of Arthur’s appointment to these Committees; • A reminder of the rules relating to maintaining the confidentiality of inside information and restrictions in dealing in IHG shares, together with a briefing on the policies and procedures IHG has in place to ensure compliance with such rules; • Meetings with members of the Board and the Executive Committee, senior management from functions across the Group, the external Auditor and other key external advisors; and • Visits to IHG hotels across our brands, meeting owners and spending time with our General Managers. Board effectiveness evaluation External evaluation Following an internal evaluation in 2018, in 2019 the Board undertook a full external evaluation. The Nomination Committee considered proposals for the conduct of the evaluation and recommended to the Board that the evaluation be carried out by Mr. Christopher Saul of Christopher Saul Associates. As Mr. Saul and the Chair both serve as Board members of The Leverhulme Trust, the Chair excluded himself from the decision to appoint Mr. Saul, who has no other connection with the Company or the Directors. Mr. Saul met with the Chair and the Company Secretary to devise a detailed evaluation process, which comprised: • Reviewing the Terms of Reference for the Board and each of its Committees, minutes of Board and Committee meetings for the previous two years, various Board papers and notes from the Chair’s discussions with large shareholders; • Individual face-to-face interviews with each Board member, covering Board dynamics and culture; Board focus and discussion; Board processes; Board engagement with management, performance and strategy and areas for improvement; • Face-to-face interviews with the General Counsel and Company Secretary and other members of the Executive Committee and senior risk, finance and HR management, as well as key external advisers (including the external audit partner); and • Attendance at, and observation of, Board and Committee meetings held in October 2019. 86 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Area for focus Actions agreed Board processes, dynamics and engagement with management: • revising the cadence of meetings over the year and re-shaping the meeting agendas to allow (i) for extended discussion of key strategic and operational initiatives and (ii) the CEO to engage more with Non-Executive Directors. • further enhancing and streamlining the information provided to the Board to include more forward- looking information. Board Committees: • revising the Terms of Reference of the Committees to avoid the overlap in remit, particularly around Diversity and Inclusion and Voice of the Employee. • refreshing the approach to agenda items for Audit Committee meetings, given the broad scope of its remit. The number of Board meetings for 2020 will be reduced from seven to six face-to-face meetings (with more time allowed for each meeting), and two CEO Board update calls focusing on operational and performance matters will be added. The balance between time spent on updating the Board and discussion items will be reviewed to ensure that there is continued appropriate distribution between providing the Board with essential information and allowing time for Board in-depth discussion and debate. More time will be allocated for the CEO to meet alone with Non-Executive Directors in an informal environment outside the full Board meeting, in addition to the private sessions with the CEO on the agenda. The information pack provided to the Board in advance of meetings will be reviewed and revised as appropriate to ensure there is sufficient key trend data and balance between performance to date and forward-looking information. The Directors will continue to suggest agenda items for deeper dive consideration and the Chair and Company Secretary will continue to set the agenda to ensure that sufficient time is dedicated to key strategic and operational projects and priorities and the meeting cadence allows for appropriate discussion. The Terms of Reference of the Nomination and Corporate Responsibility Committees have been amended so that from 1 March 2020, the Nomination Committee will continue to lead the process for Board composition, appointments and succession planning, while the Corporate Responsibility Committee (which is to be renamed the Responsible Business Committee) shall assume responsibility for overseeing the Group’s Diversity and Inclusion agenda and the Board’s engagement with the Group’s workforce. The Audit Committee agendas will be evaluated to ensure that the pre-read information pack and agenda items allow for an improved balance between areas for discussion and regular routine updates. Directors’ performance evaluation In addition to the external Board evaluation process outlined above, internal performance evaluations of Directors were undertaken during 2019 in order to enhance the accountability and effectiveness of each Director. Feedback was collected for each Director’s peer review by the Chair and the SID through an interview format, combining structured interview questions and a more open-ended discussion. Board members were asked to provide comments on their fellow Directors’ preparedness, contribution, strengths and weaknesses, industry and company understanding and opportunity for development. The summary of the feedback was reviewed by the Chair and the SID before being communicated to each Director. The assessment of the performance of the Chair was led by the SID. The Chair’s evaluation consisted of interviews with the Non- Executive Directors, together with feedback provided by Mr. Saul as part of the external evaluation detailed above. The evaluation focused on: • The relationship between the CEO and Chair; • Board succession; • Board culture and the Chair’s ability to promote and maintain an open, transparent and constructive atmosphere, encouraging co-operation and communication; • Managing the Board in accordance with high standards of corporate governance; and • The effectiveness of the analysis and action taken from the results of last year’s evaluation. The CEO evaluation was led by the Chair in a process involving all Directors by means of a structured interview process. Key areas of focus included: • IHG’s performance; • Effectiveness in developing and implementing strategy, talent and culture; • Effectiveness in shaping IHG’s reputation and relationships with key stakeholders; • Value stewardship; • Leadership of the Executive Committee; and • Areas for further development. The length of tenure of Non-Executive Directors continues to be reviewed as part of the Directors’ performance evaluation process. Dale Morrison and Luke Mayhew have served on the Board for more than eight years, and accordingly they were subject to particular review. It was concluded that each Director continues to contribute effectively and to demonstrate commitment to the role including devoting the necessary time. Given the tenure of some Directors, it was noted that succession planning would be a particular focus area for the Board and the Nomination Committee in 2020. Directors’ additional appointments and time commitments also form part of the internal performance evaluation process. Any potential additional appointments are thoroughly discussed with the Chair before being accepted, with the time commitment required for each role being carefully assessed. During 2019, particular consideration was given to Jill McDonald and Malina Ngai’s commitments in light of their appointments to new roles. It was concluded that their additional appointments should not adversely impact their performance, but should enhance their ability to provide constructive challenge and strategic guidance. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Corporate Governance 87 Key duties and role of the CommitteeKey objectives and summary of responsibilitiesThe Audit Committee is responsible for ensuring that IHG maintains a strong control environment. It monitors the integrity of IHG’s financial reporting, including significant financial reporting judgements, maintains oversight and reviews our systems of internal control and risk management, monitors and reviews the effectiveness and performance of internal and external audit functions, as well as reviewing the behaviours expected of IHG’s employees through the Code of Conduct and related policies. The Committee’s role, responsibilities and authority delegated to it by the Board are set out in its Terms of Reference (ToR), which are reviewed annually and approved by the Board. The ToR are available at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance.The Committee’s key responsibilities and focus over the year have been:• Regular reviews of the Group’s information security risks and controls, including review and recommending to the Board for approval of the Group’s Information Security Governance Policy;• Reviewing, challenging and ensuring accurate financial and narrative reporting, including reviewing the Annual Report and Form 20-F and assessing the Group’s approach to accounting for acquisitions, System Fund accounting as well as the implementation of the IFRS 16 standard;• Reviewing and assessing the robustness of the Group’s internal control and risk management systems and reviews of specific principal risk areas including the approach to strategic supplier management, System Fund accounting, and hotel safety and security;• Overseeing the relationship with and appraisal of the Group’s external Auditor, including regular analysis of audit and non-audit services;• Overseeing the external audit tender process; and• Monitoring and reviewing the role of Internal Audit.Membership and attendance at meetingsDetails of the Committee’s membership and attendance at meetings are set out on page 79. The CFO, Group Financial Controller, Head of Risk and Assurance and our external Auditor, Ernst & Young LLP (EY), attended all meetings in 2019. Other attendees are invited to meetings as appropriate; and the CEO and all other Directors attended Committee meetings where the principal risks and risk management systems and the approval of financial reporting were considered and discussed. The Committee continues to hold private sessions with the internal and external Auditors without the presence of management to ensure that a culture of transparency is maintained. The Committee Chair continues to have recent and relevant financial experience and all members of the Committee are Independent Non-Executive Directors. In accordance with the Code, the Board also considers that the Committee as a whole possesses competence relevant to the Company’s sector, having a range of financial and commercial experience in the hospitality industry and the broader commercial environment in which we operate. Further details of the skills and experience of the Board can be found on pages 80 to 81.Reporting to the BoardFollowing each Committee meeting, the Committee Chair updates the Board on key issues discussed. The papers and minutes for each meeting are circulated to all Board members, who are invited to request further information if required and to provide any challenge where necessary. Effectiveness of the CommitteeThe effectiveness of the Committee is monitored and assessed regularly by the Chair of the Committee and the Chair of the Board. During 2019, the Committee was also reviewed as part of the external Board evaluation process where it was concluded that the Committee remains effective (see page 86). As Chair, given the broad scope of the Committee’s remit, I will continue to monitor the balance between areas for discussion and regular routine updates.Focus areas and activitiesFinancial and narrative reportingDuring the year, the Committee reviewed and recommended approval of the interim and annual Financial Statements (considering the relevant accounting and reporting matters such as impairment reviews, key judgement areas, acquisition accounting, the going concern and viability statements) and the Group’s quarterly trading updates. All members of the Board are asked to attend these meetings.The Committee recognises the importance of understanding changes in accounting policies and practice, and continues to receive an annual update from EY on key changes in this area. In 2019, the Committee continued its review of the implementation of IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ and reviewed and recommended approval of the restatement of the 2018 Financial Statements for its adoption.The Committee continued to seek input and guidance from the external Auditor where appropriate to gain further assurance over the process of preparation of the Financial Statements. In addition, the Committee received regular reports from the Chair of the Disclosure Committee and copies of all minutes of that Committee were circulated to the Committee. The Committee received early drafts of the Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 (Annual Report), and when providing comments considered: (i) the process for preparing and verifying the Annual Report, which included review by members of the Executive Committee and input from senior employees in the Operations, Strategy, Human Resources, Finance, Risk and Assurance and Legal teams; (ii) a report from the Chair of the Disclosure Committee; and (iii) the checklist prepared by the Annual Report team confirming compliance with the relevant regulatory requirements. The Committee also considered management’s analysis of how the content taken as a whole, was ‘fair, balanced and understandable’, and whether it contained the necessary information for shareholders to assess the Group’s position and performance, business model and strategy. In order to reach this conclusion, a dedicated project team worked on the contents of the Annual Report and a detailed verification process to confirm the accuracy of the information contained within the Annual Report was undertaken by the Financial Planning and Analysis department. The Committee then considered both the structure and content of the Annual Report to ensure that the key messages were effectively and consistently communicated and that meaningful links between the business model, strategy, KPIs, principal risks and remuneration were clearly identified throughout the Annual Report. The Committee specifically considered the Non-GAAP measures which have been enhanced to improve both the clarity of the descriptions and the explanation of the usefulness of the measures to different stakeholder groups.Following a review of the contents of the Annual Report alongside the aforementioned criteria, the Committee reported its recommendation to approve the Annual Report to the Board.Corporate Governance continuedAudit Committee Report88IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Governance During the year, the Group was selected by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) for inclusion in a thematic review of companies’ disclosures following the first full year of adoption of IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’. Following completion of the FRC enquiries, we have provided additional disclosures in this Annual Report and Form 20-F relating to the accounting policy for technology fee income and the judgements involved in the accounting for the System Fund. Significant matters in the 2019 Financial Statements The Committee discussed with management and the Auditor the key judgements applied in the Financial Statements, the exceptional items arising in the year and the impact of any accounting developments or legislative changes. The main items discussed are outlined below. Area of focus Issue/Role of the Committee Conclusions/Actions taken Accounting for IHG Rewards Club Accounting for IHG Rewards Club requires significant use of estimation techniques and represents a material deferred revenue balance. Accordingly, the Committee reviews the controls, judgements and estimates related to accounting for the IHG Rewards Club programme. Accounting for the System Fund Given the unique nature of the System Fund, the Committee reviews the controls and processes related to System Fund accounting. Impairment testing Impairment reviews require significant judgement in estimating recoverable values of assets or cash-generating units and the Committee therefore scrutinises the methodologies applied and the inherent sensitivities in determining any potential asset impairment and the adequacy of the related disclosures. Litigation and contingencies Exceptional items From time to time, the Group is subject to legal proceedings with the ultimate outcome of each being subject to many uncertainties. The Committee reviews and evaluates the need for any provisioning on a case by case basis and considers the adequacy of the disclosure. The Group exercises judgement in presenting exceptional items. The Committee reviews and challenges the classification of items as exceptional based on their materiality or nature. Acquisition of Six Senses Acquisition accounting involves judgement in establishing the fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired. The Committee reviews the accounting and challenges the appropriateness of the inputs and judgements to these valuations. In forming a conclusion on the appropriateness of the accounting for the IHG Rewards Club programme, the Committee reviewed the deferred revenue balance and questioned the valuation approach, the results of the external actuarial review and procedures completed, to determine the breakage assumption for outstanding IHG Rewards Club points. The Committee concluded that the deferred revenue balance is appropriately stated. In forming a conclusion on the appropriateness of the System Fund accounting, the Committee met with senior finance management to review and evaluate the risk areas associated with the System Fund. The Committee reviewed a paper from management outlining the financial oversight of the System Fund, the principles determining the allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund, and the related internal control environment. The Committee concluded that the accounting treatment of the System Fund, and related disclosures, were appropriate. The Committee reviewed a management report outlining the approach taken on impairment testing and key assumptions and sensitivities supporting the conclusion on the various asset categories. The Committee examined the assumptions related to non-current assets, assets previously impaired, and the assets acquired as part of the Kimpton and UK portfolio transactions in 2015 and 2018 respectively. The impairments (see pages 139 and 140, and note 13 on page 168), recorded in the year for the Kimpton management agreements ($50m), the UK portfolio goodwill ($49m) and IFRS 16 right-of-use asset ($32m) and the related fair value adjustment to contingent purchase consideration ($38m) were discussed in detail. The Committee concluded that it agreed with the determinations reached on impairment, and the related change in the fair value of the UK portfolio contingent purchase consideration, the classification of these as exceptional items and that the related disclosures were appropriate. At each meeting during the year, the Committee considered a report detailing all material litigation matters. The Committee discussed and agreed any provisioning requirements for these matters based on the factors set out on page 236. The Committee reviewed the need for, and the amount of, a provision in respect of a lawsuit filed against the Group in the Americas region, and the cost of an arbitration award in the EMEAA region, and the classification of these as exceptional items. The Committee reviewed papers prepared by management and considered the consistency of treatment and nature of items classified as exceptional. The Committee reviewed and challenged the significance, timing and nature of the exceptional items disclosed in note 6, comprising reorganisation costs, acquisition and integration costs primarily relating to Six Senses, impairment, fair value adjustments to contingent purchase consideration and litigation. The Committee concluded that the disclosures and the treatment of the items shown as exceptional were appropriate. The Committee considered the work done to establish the fair value of the assets acquired. The Committee questioned the assumptions underlying the significant assets recognised and took into consideration a report from a third-party valuation expert. The Committee concluded that the fair values recognised were appropriate. Adoption of IFRS 16 IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ was adopted from 1 January 2019. Accordingly, the Committee reviewed the accounting, considered the adequacy of the disclosure and the related processes and controls. Having previously reviewed the accounting under IFRS 16 in 2018, the Committee considered the work done to restate the 2018 results, the application of IFRS 16 and related disclosures in the Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 and the refreshed internal control environment. The Committee concluded that the impact of the adoption of IFRS 16 on the financial statements was appropriate. Internal control and risk management The Board is responsible for establishing procedures to manage risk, overseeing the internal control framework and determining the nature and extent of the principal risks the Company is willing to take to achieve its long-term objectives. The Committee supports the Board by reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control and risk management systems and assessing emerging and principal risks. In order to effectively review the internal control and risk management systems, the Committee: • Receives regular reports from management, Risk and Assurance and the external Auditor on the effectiveness of the systems for risk management and internal control, including financial, operational and compliance controls. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Corporate Governance 89 Governance Corporate Governance continued Audit Committee Report continued • Reviews the process by which risks are identified (including procedures in place to identify emerging risks) and assesses the timeliness and effectiveness of corrective action taken by management, including regular reports and presentations on the Company’s overall internal control, risk management system and principal risks. • Receives additional reports throughout the year relevant to internal control and risk management, both financial and non-financial, to ensure that current and emerging risks are identified, assessed and appropriately managed (see pages 47 to 53 for further detail on our risks and initiatives to manage them). As part of the Committee’s review of the internal control and risk management systems, key financial, operational and compliance controls across the business continue to be monitored and tested throughout the year. The Committee assesses the approach to Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 (SOX) compliance in accordance with our US obligations and reviews reports on the progress of the SOX programme at each meeting. The Committee considers the Group’s treasury and tax strategy policies annually and, during 2019 approved minor changes to the Group Treasury Policy and the Group’s published ‘Approach to Tax’. Our Approach to Tax document is available at www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business Having reviewed the internal control and risk management systems throughout the year, the Committee concluded that the Group continues to have an effective system of risk management and internal controls, and that there are no material weaknesses in the control environment and no significant failings or weaknesses. Principal risk areas The Committee’s agenda complements those of other committees and it schedules reviews of specific risk areas not covered elsewhere, in addition to the regular risk management review. During 2019, the Committee considered the following areas: • Information security and privacy continued to be key areas of focus for the Committee during the year. • Ethical and social considerations, as stakeholder and societal expectations and regulatory requirements in these areas develop rapidly. • Financial management and controls, including ongoing improvements to the framework for internal control at the managed and owned, leased and managed lease hotel level. • Risk management and internal control arrangements for key reservations-related outsourced processes and general oversight of our strategic supplier relationships. • Reports from management on preparation for Brexit scenarios. Further details of our principal risks, uncertainties and review process can be found on pages 47 to 53. Relationship with external auditor A detailed audit plan was received from EY at the beginning of the audit cycle for the 2019 financial year, which gave an overview of their approach to the audit, outlining the significant risk areas and in particular the approach to materiality and scoping of the audit. The Committee regularly reviewed the significant audit risks and assessed the progress of the audit throughout the year. Non-audit services The independence and objectivity of the non-audit services provided by EY to the Group are safeguarded by IHG’s Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy. The policy is reviewed by the Audit Committee annually, and minor changes were approved in 2019. 90 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 The policy requires that pre-approval is obtained from the Audit Committee for all services provided by the external Auditor before any work can commence, in line with US SEC requirements without any de minimis threshold. The Committee reviewed the audit and non-audit fees incurred with EY on a quarterly basis during 2019. Following these reviews, the Committee noted that there had been no prohibited services (as defined by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) provided to the Group in each period. The Committee is prohibited from delegating non-audit services approval to management and compliance with the policy is actively managed. IHG is committed to maintaining non-audit fees at a low level and the Committee is cognisant of investor advisory bodies’ guidelines on non-audit fees. During 2019, 21% of services provided to the Group were non-audit services (2018: 21%), primarily related to SOC Reports. Details of the fees paid to EY for non-audit work during 2019, and for statutory audit work during 2019 can be found on page 157. The Committee is satisfied that the Company was compliant during the year with the FRC’s Ethical and Auditing Standards in respect of the scope and maximum permitted level of fees incurred for non-audit services provided by EY. Where non- audit work is performed by EY, both the Company and EY ensure adherence to robust processes to prevent the objectivity and independence of the external auditor being compromised. The Committee notes the revised FRC Ethical and Accounting Standards issued in December 2019, effective March 2020, and will incorporate any changes required in the next review of IHG’s Audit and Non- Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy. Risk and Assurance – Internal Audit The Committee discusses the Internal Audit annual plan in December each year, which aims to provide objective and insightful assurance that our growth ambitions are delivered in a responsible and controlled manner. The 2020 plan presented to the Committee included a balanced portfolio of internal audit activities to focus on key assurance objectives and themes, for example new ways of working between centralised functions and front-line teams; data integrity controls over financial and non-financial metrics; and programme delivery and benefits realisation controls. Following consideration, the Committee confirmed its agreement to the 2020 Internal Audit plan, including the key control themes identified. Progress against the Internal Audit plan is reported to the Committee at each meeting and is actively monitored by the Committee. This includes reviewing the results of completed audits and the findings raised through these audits, as well as management action plans to address any issues raised. A functional effectiveness review of Internal Audit is undertaken each year and reported to the Committee. Internal Audit has again undertaken an internal assessment using feedback from auditees and senior leadership. This highlighted positive feedback on the support provided to key programmes and outsourcing decisions in 2019, alignment with Global Institute of Internal Audit standards, and identified opportunities for continuous improvement in 2020. Governance and compliance The Committee is responsible for reviewing the Group’s Code of Conduct (which is reviewed and approved annually) and related policies. Looking forward During 2020, the Committee will focus on preparation for the orderly transition of audit services to PwC and maintaining oversight of the Group’s control environment. Ian Dyson Chair of the Audit Committee 17 February 2020 External auditor – Re-appointment of Ernst & Young LLP (EY) The Committee assessed EY’s performance during the year, including its independence, effectiveness and objectivity, and considered the appointment of its external Auditor, including the requirements for putting the audit out to tender as set out in EU and Competition and Markets Authority legislation. After due consideration, the Committee recommended the re-appointment of EY as the Auditor of the Group. EY has been our Auditor since IHG’s listing in April 2003 and of the Group’s predecessor businesses dating back to 1988. As part of its annual review, the Committee determines the independence of the external auditor, considering, among other things, its challenge to management and level of professional scepticism, the amount of time passed since a rotation of audit partner and the level of non-audit work that it undertakes, details of which can be found on page 90. • Due diligence activities conducted as part of the tender process included: – Consideration of the Competition and Market Authority’s review of the effectiveness of competition in the audit market and Sir John Kingman’s independent review of the FRC; – A review of audit quality reports on the firms issued by the FRC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; – Each firm completed an independence return, which were reviewed to assess consistency with the Company’s own assessment; and – Reference checks with comparable companies were completed. • Written proposals were received in June 2019 and the participating firms presented their proposals to the sub- committee in July 2019. To ensure the external Auditor’s independence is safeguarded, lead audit partners are required to rotate every five years. Sarah Kokot, who was appointed lead audit partner in 2016, has continued her role during 2019. Another audit partner, Colin Brown, rotated following completion of the 2018 audit and is replaced for 2019 by Helen McLeod-Jones. The Committee also considered the effectiveness of the relationship between EY and management as part of the annual review process. This included the completion of feedback questionnaires by the Committee members and 46 senior IHG employees. Feedback was requested on a number of topics including independence, assignment management and communication. The Committee also received reports from EY on its independence. No significant issues were raised in the annual review of the auditor performance and effectiveness and, as a result, the Committee concluded that EY continues to provide an effective audit and maintain independence and objectivity. The Committee is satisfied with the external audit process as a whole and therefore recommended the reappointment of EY to the Board. Audit tender In accordance with regulations mandating a tender for the 2021 financial year, the Group conducted an audit contract tender in 2019. A sub-committee, including members of the Audit Committee, was established to manage and govern the audit tender process and was accountable to the Audit Committee, which maintained overall ownership of the tender process and ensured that it was run in a fair and balanced manner. The sub-committee was supported by a project team, led by the Group Financial Controller. A summary of the timeline and key activities carried out during the tender process is set out below: • The request for proposal was issued to firms in May 2019. A data room was established to provide the firms with sufficient information to be able to establish an audit plan. A Q&A process was also set up through a centralised mailbox, allowing the firms to ask questions on the content of the data room or request further information. • The audit firms participated in a series of meetings with management, which provided a forum for the firms to ask questions arising from their review of the data room, as well as enabling management to interact directly with each proposed audit team. • Each firm met with the Chair of the Audit Committee. The principal evaluation criteria used to assess the firms were: • Audit Quality, including the firm’s internal and external audit inspection results, the ongoing work in respect of quality being undertaken by the firm, how the firm will execute group oversight in areas of significant risk, and how the firm will challenge management; and • Experience and Capability of each firm to address IHG’s structure and its areas of uniqueness. Following a detailed review of the performance of each firm and an evaluation against all of the criteria, the sub-committee recommended Pricewaterhouse Coopers LLP (PwC) as its preferred candidate. The factors contributing to the selection of PwC as the preferred candidate included its understanding of the complexities specific to IHG including IHG Rewards Club and the impact of a shared service centre structure on the audit; external quality ratings across the past six years, and the firm’s response to quality findings; internal quality ratings for the proposed team; clear insight into IHG’s control environment; and a robust approach to the audit of IT. In accordance with statutory requirements, a report on the tender selection procedure and conclusions was prepared and validated by the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee and subsequently the Board approved the recommendation to appoint PwC. In August 2019, the Company announced the Board’s intention to propose to shareholders at the 2021 AGM that PwC be appointed as the Company’s statutory auditor for the financial year ending 31 December 2021. EY will remain the Group’s auditor for the financial year ending 31 December 2020. Over the intervening period PwC and IHG will run the transition process. The principal activities completed so far include reviewing non-audit services provided to the Group and taking appropriate steps to achieve audit independence during the first half of 2020. The Group confirms that it has complied with the requirements of The Competition and Markets Authority Statutory Audit Services for Large Companies Market Investigation (Mandatory Use of Competitive Tender Processes and Audit Committee Responsibilities) Order 2014, which relates to the frequency and governance of tenders for the appointment of the external auditor and the setting of a policy on the provision of non-audit services. See page 232 for further disclosure under Item 16F of Form 20-F. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Corporate Governance 91 Key duties and role of the CommitteeKey objectives and summary of responsibilitiesThe Committee reviews and advises the Board on the Group’s corporate responsibility objectives and strategy, including its impact on the environment, social, community and human rights issues, its approach to sustainable development, and stakeholder engagement in relation to the Group’s approach to responsible business.The Committee’s role, responsibilities and authority delegated to it by the Board are set out in its Terms of Reference (ToR), which are reviewed annually and approved by the Board. The ToR are available at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance.The Committee’s key responsibilities and focus areas over the year have been:• Considering the Group’s Corporate Responsibility Strategy, given developments in environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations and the need to look beyond the Group’s 2018-2020 targets;• Monitoring the delivery of the Responsible Business targets for the year, with a focus on the Group’s environmental, community and diversity targets;• Reviewing the Group’s approach to responsible business in the supply chain, including supplier audits and the Supplier Code of Conduct; • Reviewing the Group’s Human Rights programme and approving the Human Rights Policy; and• Overseeing responsible business stakeholder engagement.From March 2020, the Committee will also be renamed the ‘Responsible Business Committee’.Membership and attendance at meetingsThe Committee’s membership and attendance at meetings are set out on page 79. The Head of Corporate Responsibility and the Chair of the Board attended all meetings held during the year. Reporting to the BoardThe Committee Chair updates the Board on all key issues raised at Committee meetings. Papers and minutes for each meeting are also circulated to all Board members, who are invited to request further information where necessary.Effectiveness of the CommitteeThe effectiveness of the Committee is monitored and assessed regularly by the Chair of the Committee and the Chair of the Board. During 2019, the Committee was also reviewed as part of the external Board evaluation process, where it was concluded that the Committee remains effective (see page 86).Focus areas and activitiesResponsible Business targetsDuring 2019, the Committee assessed progress against the Responsible Business targets for 2018-2020.The Committee discussed the Group’s diversity and inclusion initiatives, including the work of the D&I Board, with the Chief Human Resources Officer. The Chief Procurement Officer provided an update to the Committee on the Group’s approach to responsible procurement, including progress on supplier audits, and the Committee endorsed the initiatives proposed for 2020 which include supply chain diversity and value chain mapping.Approach to corporate responsibilityIn 2019, the Committee regularly reviewed and considered the Group’s approach to corporate responsibility and its post-2020 responsible business ambitions. The Committee endorsed new sustainability commitments for the Group including setting stretching science-based targets, plans to meet the requirements of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and commitment to the CEO Water Mandate.The Committee also endorsed management’s establishment of a Responsible Business Governance Committee, comprising senior executives.Community and human rights issuesThe Committee throughout the year continued to evaluate the Group’s support to communities across the globe through the ‘True Hospitality for Good’ programme, which is funded by a $1 million annual commitment from the business to support community impact projects. In 2019, the Group launched a new partnership with Junior Achievement Worldwide to open doors to young people in nine markets through their ‘IHG First Look’ work experience days. Community impact is brought to life across the hotel estate through ‘Giving for Good’ month, which took place in September and encouraged fundraising and volunteering for our colleagues with nearly 160,000 participating in 2019. The Committee reviewed and considered the proposed approach to the Group’s human rights programme, following completion of a human rights impact assessment. The Committee endorsed the programme, which focuses on human trafficking training and embedding the ITP Forced Labour Principles. The Committee also approved an updated Human Rights policy. The Group’s Modern Slavery Statement was also reviewed and recommended for approval to the Board.Stakeholder engagementThe Committee assessed the Group’s stakeholder engagement activity, including our partnerships with NGOs and community partnerships. Committee members engaged with shareholders, including on environmental, social and governance matters. Information on our responsible business commitments can be found at www.ihgplc.com/responsible-businessRecognising the importance of corporate responsibility, we were pleased to be listed again on the S&P Dow Jones Sustainability Indices.Looking forwardIn February 2020, the Board approved the expansion of the Committee’s remit to include overseeing the Board’s workforce engagement (an overview of which is set out on pages 32 and 33) and the Group’s diversity and inclusion agenda (set out on pages 30 and 31). Accordingly in 2020, the Committee will focus on the activities in these areas as well as supporting the creation of our post-2020 responsible business strategy and ambition, taking into account the importance of environmental, social and governance considerations to all our stakeholders and the importance of ensuring responsible business is core to our broader strategy.Jill McDonaldChair of the Corporate Responsibility Committee17 February 2020 Corporate Governance continuedCorporate Responsibility Committee Report92IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Governance Key duties and role of the CommitteeKey objectives and summary of responsibilitiesThe Committee reviews the composition of the Board and its Principal Committees, evaluating the balance of skills, experience, independence, knowledge and diversity requirements before making appropriate recommendations to the Board as to any changes. It also ensures plans are in place for orderly succession for both Directors and other Senior Executives and is responsible for reviewing the Group’s senior leadership needs.The Committee’s role, responsibilities and authority delegated to it by the Board are set out in its Terms of Reference (ToR), which are reviewed annually and approved by the Board. During 2019, the composition of the Committee was reviewed and adjusted to comprise one member of each of the Board Committees as well as the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director, to allow for more focused discussion on Board composition and succession. The Committee’s key responsibilities and focus areas during the year have been:• Board and Committee composition and recommendations on appointments to the Board;• Leadership development and succession planning including evaluating gender balance; • Board engagement with the workforce; • Overseeing the performance evaluation of the Board, its Committees and individual Directors; and• Monitoring development in all matters relating to Corporate Governance.Membership and attendance at meetingsThe Committee’s membership and attendance at meetings are available on page 79. All members of the Committee are Non-Executive Directors. When the Committee considers matters relating to my position, Dale Morrison, the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director, acts as Committee Chair.Reporting to the BoardThe Committee makes recommendations to the Board for all Board appointments. Minutes are circulated to Board members and I report back to the Board on the activities of the Committee following each meeting.Effectiveness of the Committee and External EvaluationDuring 2019, the Committee was reviewed as part of the external Board evaluation process. Details of the external evaluation, including how it was conducted, the nature and extent of the evaluator’s contact with the Board and the actions arising from the evaluation, are set out on pages 86 to 87. The evaluation concluded that the Committee remains effective.Focus areas and activitiesBoard and Committee compositionThe Committee continued to review the current and future composition of the Board and Committees, particularly in light of the Group’s focus on accelerated growth. Having reviewed the skills, experience and knowledge of the Board, and taking into account progressive refreshing of the Board, the Committee determined that additional expertise in the hotels and hospitality sectors would be beneficial, and recommended the appointment of Arthur de Haast as a Non-Executive Director, with effect from 1 January 2020. An external search consultancy was not used in relation to this appointment. Arthur’s biography is set out on page 81, and details of Arthur’s induction plan can be found on page 86.Leadership development and executive succession planningDuring the year, the Committee continued to review the development plans for the Executive Committee and succession plans for senior management positions in order to ensure the development of a diverse pipeline for succession.Board engagement with the workforceDuring 2019, the Committee reviewed a proposal for the Board’s engagement with employees, concluding that the most effective approach would be to designate a Non-Executive Director as having responsibility for employee engagement. Luke Mayhew was appointed to the role in August 2019. Luke’s role is to work with Executive Directors and the Company Secretary to coordinate Board activities and interests in relation to employees, including undertaking a detailed review of employee engagement reporting, gaining a greater insight into the culture of the Company and ensuring robust methods of receiving feedback and communicating with employees are established. An outline of Luke’s activities during 2019 is given on pages 32 and 33.Diversity & Inclusion/Gender BalanceWe recognise that diversity and inclusion is essential, across all levels of our business. All appointments are based on merit, experience and performance and the Board actively seeks diversity of skills, gender, social and ethnic backgrounds, cognitive and personal strengths. Our Global Diversity and Inclusion Policy (D&I Policy) applies to all people employed by IHG and we encourage our franchised operations and those managed hotels where we do not directly employ people to follow the same principles. The objective of our D&I Policy is to celebrate difference, recognising that this underpins external, as well as internal, relationships. During 2019, the Committee reviewed and discussed our commitments, the progress made and the work of the D&I Board (see pages 30 and 31).We continue to deliver against our D&I Policy and are committed to our 2018-2020 Responsible Business Diversity target, as noted on page 31. As of 31 December 2019, 36% of the Board were female and two of our Principal Committees are chaired by women. In addition, 37% of senior operational leaders are now women, indicating our continued commitment to diversity at all levels of our business. Going forward, the Corporate Responsibility Committee (to be renamed the Responsible Business Committee) will assume responsibility for the Group’s diversity and inclusion agenda.Looking forwardIn 2020, the Committee will continue to ensure that we have appropriate plans in place for orderly succession of appointments to the Board and to senior management, so that an appropriate balance of skills, experience, knowledge and diversity is maintained.Patrick CescauChair of the Nomination Committee 17 February 2020Nomination Committee Report93IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Corporate Governance Governance Corporate Governance continued Statement of compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code Our statement of compliance summarises how the Group has implemented the principles and provisions of the 2018 UK Corporate Governance Code (available at www.frc.org.uk/directors under UK Corporate Governance Code) as published in July 2018 (the Code). This should be read in conjunction with the Strategic Report on pages 2 to 75, Corporate Governance on pages 76 to 93, the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 96 to 109, and Directors’ Remuneration Policy on pages 110 to 117, as a whole. The Board considers that the Group has complied in all material respects with the Code for the year ended 31 December 2019. 1. Board Leadership and Company Purpose A. The role of the Board E. Workforce Policies and Practices The Board continues to lead IHG’s strategic direction, long-term objectives and success of the Group. Further responsibilities of the Board are set out on page 79. The Board met seven times during 2019 and all Directors continue to act in what they consider to be in the best interests of the Company, consistent with their statutory duties. Further details of 2019 Board meetings, including information on the Board’s assessment of strategic and operational matters, are set out on pages 84 and 85, attendance information on page 79, skills and experience and biographical information on pages 80 and 81. A description of IHG’s business model is set out on pages 10 to 13. An assessment of the principal risks facing the Group is included on pages 47 to 53. Potential conflicts of interest are reviewed annually and powers of authorisation are exercised in accordance with the 2006 Act and the Company’s Articles of Association. During the year, if any Director has unresolved concerns about the operation of the Board or the management of the Company, these would be recorded in the minutes of the meeting. B. The Company’s purpose, values and strategy Our purpose is to provide True Hospitality for everyone. A description of IHG’s culture is included on pages 24 to 27 and an overview of our values is on page 26. Culture features prominently on the Board agenda and a summary of the Board’s activities in relation to the ‘Voice of the Employee’ is included on pages 32 to 33. An outline of the Group’s approach to rewarding its workforce is contained on page 28. C. Resources The Board delegates oversight of the allocation of day-to-day resources to management (principally through the Executive Committee). Information on the Group’s Key performance indicators, including the measures used to monitor them, are included on pages 42 to 45. A summary of the framework of controls which enable risk to be assessed and managed is set out on page 46. D. Shareholders and Stakeholders The Board engaged actively throughout 2019 with shareholders and other stakeholders. The Chair hosted a number of one-to- one meetings with major institutional shareholders to promote mutual understanding of objectives, following which the Chair ensured that their views were communicated to the Board as a whole. The Chair of the Remuneration Committee also held a series of investor consultation meetings to seek investors’ input on the proposed Directors’ Remuneration Policy. Further details of the Board’s engagement with shareholders can be found on pages 36 and 37. Information on the Board’s engagement with other stakeholders, including suppliers, hotel owners and guests is included on pages 38 to 40. The Board has overarching responsibility for the Group’s workforce policies and practices and delegates day-to-day responsibility to the CEO and Chief Human Resources Officer to ensure that they are consistent with the Company’s values and support its long-term success. Employees are able to report matters of concern confidentially through our Confidential Disclosure Channel. The Board routinely reviews reports generated from the disclosures and ensures that arrangements are in place for investigation and follow-up action as appropriate. 2. Division of Responsibilities F. The Chair Patrick Cescau leads the operation and governance of the Board and its Committees. The Chair has been in post for seven years and was independent on appointment. See page 80 for more details. G. Board Composition The size and composition of the Board and its Committees is kept under review by the Nomination Committee to ensure the appropriate combination of Executive and Non-Executive Directors. Details of the responsibilities, skills and experience on the Board can be found on pages 80 and 81. At least half of the Board, excluding the Chair, are Independent Non-Executive Directors. Further details of the composition of the Board and Committees are available on pages 79 to 81. H. Non-executives Non-Executive Director terms of appointment outline IHG’s time commitment expectations required to fulfil their role. The commitments of each Director are included in the Directors’ biographical details on pages 80 and 81. Details of Non- Executive Director appointment terms are set out on page 117. The Chair annually reviews the time each Non-Executive Director dedicates to IHG as part of the internal performance evaluation of each Director (see page 87) and is satisfied that their other duties and time commitments do not conflict with those as Directors. Dale Morrison was appointed as Senior Independent Non- Executive Director on 31 May 2014. He is available to liaise with shareholders who have concerns that they feel have not been addressed through the normal channels of the Chair, Chief Executive Officer and other Executive Directors. He also leads the annual performance review of the Chair with the other Non-Executive Directors (see page 87), and as necessary, provides advice and judgement to the Chair, and serves as an intermediary for other Directors when necessary. After each Board meeting, Non-Executive Directors and the Chair meet without Executive Directors being present (see page 84). 94 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 I. Policies, Processes, Information and Resources The Chair and Company Secretary ensure that the Board and its Committees have the necessary policies and processes in place and that they receive timely, accurate and clear information. The Board and its Committees also have access to the Company Secretary, independent advice and other necessary resources, at the Company’s expense. They receive administrative and logistical support of a full-time executive assistant. See page 84 for more details. 3. Composition, Success and Evaluation J. Appointments Appointments to the Board are led by the Nomination Committee in accordance with its Terms of Reference (available on our website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance or from the Company Secretary’s office on request). The Nomination Committee also supports the Board in succession planning for the Board and senior management. Further details of the role of the Nomination Committee and what it did in 2019 are in the Nomination Committee Report on page 93. The overall process of appointment and removal of Directors is overseen by the Board as a whole. All of the Directors retire and seek election or re-election at each AGM. K. Skills Details of the skills, experience and biographical information of the Board are set out on pages 80 and 81. The Chair and Company Secretary ensure that new Directors receive a full induction and that all Directors continually update their skills and have the requisite knowledge and familiarity with the Group to fulfil their role (see page 86). The length of service of Directors is reviewed regularly, details of the review in 2019 are included on page 87. L. Annual evaluation The Board undertakes either an internal or external annual Board effectiveness evaluation. In 2019, an external Board evaluation was carried out. A summary of the evaluation is set out on page 86. Performance evaluations of all Directors, including the Chair, are also carried out on an annual basis. Directors’ biographies are set out on pages 80 to 81 and details of their performance evaluations are on page 87. N. Assessment of the company’s position and prospects The Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities (including the Board’s statement confirming that it considers that the Annual Report and Form 20-F, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s position and performance, business model and strategy) is set out on page 120. The status of IHG as a going concern is set out in the Directors’ Report on page 224. An explanation of the Group’s performance, business model, strategy and the risks and uncertainties relating to IHG’s prospects, including the viability of the Group, is set out in the Strategic Report on pages 2 to 75. O. Risk management The Board determines the nature and extent of the principal risks the organisation is willing to take to achieve its strategic objectives. A robust assessment of the principal and emerging risks facing the Group was carried out during the year, including those risks that would threaten the Group’s business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity and reputation (see pages 47 to 53 for further details of the principal risks). The Board and Audit Committee monitor the Group’s risk management and internal controls systems and conduct an annual review of their effectiveness. Throughout the year, the Board has directly, and through delegated authority to the Executive Committee and the Audit Committee, overseen and reviewed all material controls, including financial, operational and compliance controls. See pages 79, 85, and 88 to 91. 5. Remuneration P. Remuneration policies and practices The Remuneration Committee is responsible for developing policy on executive remuneration and determining remuneration packages of Directors and senior management. The Directors’ Remuneration Report is set out on pages 96 to 117. Details of the Remuneration Committee’s activities during 2019 are set out on pages 96 and 97 and its membership details are on page 79. The Remuneration Committee undertook a detailed review of the Director’s Remuneration Policy (the DR Policy) in 2018, which continued in 2019. The revised DR Policy (which is subject to approval by shareholders at the Company’s 2020 AGM), including a description of how each element of the DR Policy links to the Company’s strategy, is set out on pages 110 to 117. A description of how the Remuneration Committee addressed factors of the Code when determining the DR Policy is set out on page 114. 4. Audit, Risk and Internal Control Q. Procedure for developing policy on executive remuneration M. Audit functions The Audit Committee is comprised entirely of Independent Non-Executive Directors (see page 79 for membership details). Ian Dyson, the Chair of the Committee has recent and relevant financial experience and the Committee as a whole has competence relevant to the sector in which we operate. Details of the Committee’s role, responsibilities and activities are set out on pages 88 to 91. The Audit Committee reviewed the effectiveness and independence of the Group’s internal audit function and Ernst & Young LLP during 2019. Details of these reviews are set out in the Audit Committee report on pages 88 to 91. In connection with the review of the DR Policy referred to above, the Chair of the Remuneration Committee held a series of consultation meetings with major shareholders to seek their views on the proposed DR Policy. The Remuneration Committee will consider the DR Policy annually. During 2019, no individual Director was present when his or her own remuneration was discussed. R. Independent judgement and discretion The Remuneration Committee has formal discretions in place in relation to outcomes under the APP and LTIP, and these are disclosed as part of the Directors’ Remuneration Policy. When determining outcomes under these plans, the Committee considers whether it is appropriate to adjust outcomes under these discretions, taking account of the Group’s performance, relative performance against competitors, and other relevant factors. Any use of discretion would be fully disclosed and explained in the relevant Director’s Remuneration Report. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Corporate Governance 95 We have updated our Directors’ Remuneration Policy, taking into account our governance and stewardship responsibilities and the views of our major shareholders, to balance the risks and rewards for all of our stakeholders and to continue to support the Company’s strategy for quality growth and returnsOn behalf of the Board, I am pleased to present the Directors’ Remuneration Report for the year ended 31 December 2019. In a year characterised by a softening industry RevPAR environment, our System Size growth has continued to accelerate in line with our aim to reach industry-leading levels, supported by a strong and consistent increase in the pace of openings over the last three years. We have achieved record signings in key markets that will support future growth.Executive Director incentive plan awards reflect our resilient business performance during 2019:• APP award was 58.7% of the capped maximum pay-out, having achieved close to target operating profit from reportable segmentsa (referred to as EBIT in our 2018 and earlier reports), target savings for reinvestment and above target NSSG objectives;• the 2017-19 Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) cycle award was 78.9% of maximum as the business continued to deliver strong shareholder returns and exceeded expectations for growth in System Size, Cash Flow and Total Gross Revenue over the three years to 31 December 2019; and• the total average of short and long-term incentive plan awards for the respective period ending 2019 was therefore 68.8% of maximum.2019 was also an important year for the wider workforce as the new Colleague Share Plan was launched.Directors’ Remuneration Policy reviewAs indicated last year, the Committee commenced a detailed review of the Directors’ Remuneration Policy (DR Policy) in 2018. We have consulted extensively with our major shareholders during 2019 to refine proposed areas of change. The key policy changes are summarised in the table after this statement on page 98, as well as in more detail on pages 110 to 117 of the Annual Report. IHG has always had a strong ‘pay for performance’ culture. Our approach to executive remuneration has always been aligned with the interests of shareholders and the UK corporate governance environment. This is reflected in the highly stretching performance targets we set for our APP and LTIP. The total of short and long-term incentive plan awards for Executive Directors have averaged around 60% of maximum for the previous five years. Over the same period our Total Shareholder Returns have been top quartile amongst our key hotel competitors and more than double that of the average of the FTSE 100.IHG is a global business in a global industry driven by US-based global competitors, including Marriott International, Inc., Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc., Wyndham Hotels & Resorts Inc. and Choice Hotels International Inc. The remuneration structures in the US often drive more significant outcomes, as they are comprised of more elements; the total variable pay for similar performance of a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) at a US-based global hotel group can be three times or more than that of IHG. The quantum difference in US and UK executive pay is not a new phenomenon. IHG’s approach in this environment has always been to attract and retain key talent in its succession plan, as Keith Barr’s appointment to the CEO role in 2017 illustrates.However, the US market is also IHG’s largest source of revenue, and US-based hotel competitors and other US-based global companies are our most important source of talent. The Americas region represents 59.4% of our current System Size and around 50% of our corporate workforce is based in the region. From a long-term risk-management perspective, recruitment and retention of talent in IHG’s succession plan is an increasing challenge. Since the last DR Policy update in 2017, we have seen an intensification of risk as we have lost high-potential talent in our succession plan to competitors and we have seen increased difficulty and subsequent delay in recruiting. The resulting internal pay compression impacts both our high-potential talent and our experienced leaders in key positions and is not sustainable. Over recent months, I have discussed these challenges with a number of our shareholders.To address these increasing risks, we are proposing an increase in maximum LTIP quantum available to Executive Directors for the outperformance of our goals. The aim in doing this is not to materially reduce the gap in remuneration between IHG’s Executive Directors and their US competitor peers, but rather to ensure IHG has a remuneration structure which provides differentiation between the CEO, other Executive Directors, Executive Committee members and high-potential talent in the succession plan.A number of other changes to our DR Policy will further strengthen the alignment with shareholders:• In light of the increased maximum potential LTIP quantum, we will significantly increase the shareholding requirements for Executive Directors.• In line with recommended guidance, we have also extended the potential triggers under which the reduction and/or recovery of awards from Executive Directors may be sought through clawback.• Last year, we introduced a two-year post-vest holding period for Executive Directors under our LTIP and this will now be formally adopted in our DR Policy.Table of Contents96 Directors’ Remuneration Report96 Remuneration Committee Chair’s statement99 At a glance100 Remuneration at IHG – the wider context101 Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration (subject to an advisory vote at the 2020 AGM)110 Directors’ Remuneration Policy (subject to a binding vote at the 2020 AGM)Directors’ Remuneration ReportRemuneration Committee Chair’s statementa See page 55 for Non-GAAP definitions.96IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019Governance • In 2018, in advance of such a requirement becoming a part of the Corporate Governance Code, we introduced a post-employment shareholding requirement. The full guideline employment shareholding requirements will apply for six months following cessation of employment, and 50% of the requirements for a further six months after that. In an asset-light business, key decisions can be implemented and changes reflected quickly in business performance and shareholder value as we have seen in practice to our benefit. Our post-employment shareholding requirement therefore holds former Executive Directors to account for the decisions they made and strategies they implemented. In the Committee’s view, any longer period would unnecessarily subject them to decisions out of their control. The pension benefit for any new UK Executive Director appointments will be aligned with the maximum employer contribution rate available to all other participants in the UK pension plan, which include UK corporate and eligible hotel employees. In addition, UK Executive Directors have agreed to a voluntary reduction in their company pension benefit by the end of 2022, so they will align on the same basis with effect from 1 January 2023. Since implementing the 2017 DR Policy, IHG has seen the appointment of Keith Barr as CEO and a new organisational structure which is designed to leverage scale and accelerate growth. We have increased the pace of execution of our strategic initiatives with the aim of delivering industry-leading net System Size growth in the medium term. In this context, we have reviewed our LTIP measures with a focus on alignment with our strategy and this aim. The balance of absolute and relative growth and return measures has been carefully considered to ensure that growth, sound returns and responsible cash management are measured in determining reward. As set out on page 113, we are therefore proposing an increased weighting for Net System Size Growth, measured on a relative basis to our key competitors. This will be balanced by a Return on Capital Employed underpin to incentivise system size and fee income growth at a sustainable rate, taking account of the impact of capital investment to support growth of returns over time. The Committee considered environmental, social and governance (ESG) measures in relation to the LTIP, such as carbon reduction. Although we are not recommending introducing such measures in our LTIP in 2020, we consider it important to have the flexibility within the DR Policy to do so once we are satisfied that performance targets can be set robustly and effectively in relation to long-term objectives. In doing this, we will build on the work carried out in setting stretching science-based targets that we have announced in the Corporate Responsibility Committee Report on page 92. Wider workforce remuneration and employee engagement In line with Corporate Governance Code guidance, the Committee has reviewed aspects of the Company’s wider workforce remuneration policy over the course of 2019. The Company takes a fully aligned approach to remuneration throughout the organisation to support succession and career-planning and regularly engages directly with the workforce through a number of channels and on a wide range of topics, including pay. The Company’s twice-yearly global engagement survey addresses employee satisfaction, covering a number of areas including competitive pay and benefits. In 2019, the Company successfully launched its Colleague Share Plan, which brings a share-based benefit to most of its global corporate workforce and significantly widens the alignments of interests of its shareholders, executives and the wider workforce. Take-up in this first year of the plan’s operation was 49% of eligible employees. In addition, a full market review of the Company’s UK pension benefit was carried out. Market practice has moved significantly since this was last reviewed, following initiatives such as the phased introduction of automatic enrolment minimum contribution rates and changes to pension tax relief for higher earners. As a result of this, during 2020, the Company will be increasing the maximum contribution rate available to current and future participants from at least 7.5% of salary to 12% of salary. Future Executive Directors will receive this same rate. The Company’s new UK pension contribution structure significantly closes the gap between existing Executive Directors’ pension benefit and that of other employees, from a minimum difference of 17.5% to 13% of salary. Furthermore, given the agreement of the UK Executive Directors to a voluntary reduction in pension, the gap will reduce by the end of 2022, bringing it in line with all other IHG UK pension plan participants, as shown on page 100. Shareholder engagement Whilst our current DR Policy was approved by 96% of shareholders at the 2017 AGM, the advisory vote on the Directors’ Remuneration Report at the 2018 and 2019 AGMs received a lower level of support (82.33% and 83.95% respectively). We committed to understanding and addressing these concerns and engaged with those shareholders who voted against the Report to understand their reasons for doing so. Based on the feedback received, we have taken steps to clarify and to refine aspects of our remuneration structures to better reflect the long-term interests of shareholders. Summary of key changes to our Directors’ Remuneration Policy In line with the required three-year cycle, we are seeking approval of our updated DR Policy, which can be found in full on pages 110 to 117, at the 2020 AGM. A high-level summary of the proposed changes is shown on the next page. Our APP structure remains appropriate, with a 70% weighting for operating profit from reportable segments and 30% weighting for strategic measures. For 2020, the latter element will consist of a single absolute NSSG target. In a potentially more muted RevPAR environment, this aligns with our focus on System Size growth to drive our continued success. Whilst there is also an NSSG element in the LTIP, it is of a different nature due to the three-year timescale and relative measurement approach, and aligns with our strategic focus on accelerating growth in both the short and long-term. It is important to note that for 2020, targets for both operating profit from reportable segments and NSSG are set in an environment of greater uncertainty than in recent years. Further detail on incentive plan measures under the new DR Policy is shown on pages 112 to 113. For 2020, the Executive Directors will receive a 2% salary increase, which reflects the overall budget available for salary increases to the UK and US wider corporate employee population. About this report As always, we strive to make this report as easy to read as possible. The ‘At a glance’ section on page 99 highlights the key points on 2019 performance and outcomes and further background on remuneration at IHG for the wider workforce is on page 100. The Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration on pages 101 to 109 will be put to an advisory vote by shareholders and the revised Directors’ Remuneration Policy, starting on page 110, will be put to a binding shareholder vote at the May 2020 Annual General Meeting. Jo Harlow Chair of the Remuneration Committee 17 February 2020 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Directors’ Remuneration Report 97 Governance Directors’ Remuneration Report continued Remuneration Committee Chair’s statement continued Summary of DR Policy and proposed changes 2023 Element 2020 2022 2021 2024 Framework Link to Strategy Fixed Base salary Benefit Pension Variable Annual Performance Plan (cash) Annual Performance Plan (deferred shares) Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) Other Minimum shareholding requirements Malus and clawback Cash Deferral Performance Deferral 98 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Generally in line with the range applying to the corporate population. Reviewed annually and fixed for 12 months from 1 April. Recognises the value of the role and the individual’s skills, performance and experience. Relevant benefits are restricted to the typical level for the role/location. Competitive and consistent with role/ location; helps recruit and retain. Defined Contribution. Employee contributions with matching employer contributions. Salary is the only part of remuneration that is pensionable. Competitive and consistent with role/ location; helps recruit and retain. Proposed change Rationale for change Pension contributions and/or cash allowance for new Executive Directors will be aligned with the maximum employer contribution rate available to all other participants in the UK pension plan. Incumbent UK Executive Directors have agreed to a voluntary reduction in pension provision by the end of 2022 such that the value will align on the same basis with effect from 1 January 2023. Following a full market review of its UK pension benefit, the Company will offer all participants the same rate of pension benefit. Whilst there were very good reasons for having had a tiered contribution structure in the past, following significant change in the UK pension environment since the benefit was last reviewed, this is no longer prevalent in the market. To remain competitive in the UK workspace, a level pension benefit structure will be introduced. This will be kept under review as market practice continues to evolve. Maximum annual opportunity is 200% of salary with 70% an operating profit measure and 30% key strategic measures; 50% of the award is deferred into shares for three years. Awards are subject to a global affordability gate. Full vesting after three years. Malus and clawback apply. For 2020, the KPIs that directly link remuneration to our business strategy include: • Operating profit from reportable segments – a fundamental measure of our financial health and represents the financial outcomes of the KPI goals; and • Net System Size growth – a KPI and measure of our strategy to build and leverage scale. Proposed change Rationale for change The maximum potential LTIP quantum is to increase from 205% to 350% of salary for the CEO and to 275% of salary for other Executive Directors. The net System Size growth (NSSG) element will increase to 30% and will measure performance relative to our closest peers, balancing the growth objectives with a Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) underpin to this part of the LTIP. The Total Shareholder Return (TSR) element will reduce from 40% to 30%. The remaining two measures of Cash Flow and Total Gross Revenue will remain at 20%. Formal adoption of the two-year post-vest holding period which was introduced for the 2019/21 cycle. Malus and clawback will continue to apply. To incentivise achieving our stretching new growth ambitions; to compete more effectively in the US talent pool and to assist with recruitment and retention in succession planning given pay compression. A focus on industry-leading NSSG is at the heart of our new strategy, underpinned by ROCE to reflect our commitment to deliver quality growth whilst maintaining returns. Continued strong alignment between Executive Director remuneration and shareholder interests. Proposed change Rationale for change The guideline shareholding requirements will increase from 300% to 500% of salary for the Chief Executive Officer and from 200% to 300% of salary for other Executive Directors. The post-employment shareholding requirement, introduced in 2018, will continue to apply. To demonstrate a commitment to the Company’s success and strengthen alignment between the executives’ and the shareholders’ interests. Proposed change Rationale for change The range of potential triggers for the recovery of awards made to Executive Directors will be extended. See page 115 for details. In line with guidance from the UK Corporate Governance Code, this is designed to protect shareholder value and disincentivise unwanted behaviours and actions. At a glance How to use this report Within the Directors’ Remuneration Report we have used colour coding to denote different elements of remuneration. The colours used and the corresponding remuneration elements are: Salary Benefits Pension benefit Annual Performance Plan (APP) 50% cash and 50% deferred shares Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) Shareholding AUDITED Audited information Content contained within a tinted panel highlighted with an ‘Audited’ tab indicates that all the information within the panel is audited. How we performed in 2019 In 2019, we achieved close to target operating profit from reportable segments, met our goal for savings to reinvest in the business to support future growth, and exceeded our target net System Size growth for the year. Looking back over the three years to 2019, we continued to deliver strong shareholder returns and have surpassed our expectations on the challenging targets we set for growth in Total Gross Revenue, System Size and Cash Flow over the period 2017 to 2019. Measures used for APPa Measures used for LTIPa 15% 15% 70% Operating profit from reportable segments Net Size System growth Savings for reinvestment Relative TSR Net Size System growth Total Gross Revenue Cash Flow 40% 20% 20% 20% Operating profit from reportable segments: ($m) Relative TSR (%) Threshold 807.8 Target 868.6 Maximum 929.4 Threshold 39.9 Maximum 84.1 Actual 865.7 Actual 54.9 Net System Size growthb (k rooms) Total Gross Revenuec ($bn) Threshold 873.3 Target 877.5 Maximum 881.7 Threshold 2.60 Maximum 3.71 Actual 878.4 Actual 3.75 Savings for reinvestment ($m) Net System Size growthb (k rooms) Executive Director remuneration 2019 remuneration The table below shows the 2019 potential remuneration opportunity and actual achievement compared to 2018 actual achievement. The relevant figures for each of the elements that make up the single total figure of remuneration, as shown below for the Executive Directors, can be found in the table on page 101. Keith Barra, Chief Executive Officer Value (£000) 2019 potential 2019 actual 2018 actual 4,320 3,317 2,993 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson, Chief Financial Officer Value (£000) 2019 potential 2019 actual 2018 actual 3,268 2,494 2,450 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 Elie Maalouf, Chief Executive Officer, Americas Value (£000) Threshold 105.0 Target 115.0 Maximum 125.0 Threshold 75.1 Maximum 107.4 Actual 115.0 Cash Flow ($bn) Threshold 1.29 Maximum 1.72 a Further details of APP and LTIP outcomes can be found on pages 102 to 104. b APP System Size target is based on closing year target; LTIP target is based on three-year growth performance. c The Total Gross Revenue target represents a target for growth over the LTIP period. 2019 potential 2019 actual 2018 actual Actual 116.4 3,229 2,482 2,350 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 Actual 1.85 Key for potential Maximum = Fixed pay and maximum award under APP and LTIP Target = Fixed pay and on-target award for APP (115%) and 50% of maximum LTIP vesting Minimum = Fixed pay a The 2018 amount for Keith Barr excludes the localisation payment detailed on page 101. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Directors’ Remuneration Report 99 Governance Directors’ Remuneration Report Remuneration at IHG – the wider context Remuneration for all employees Across the last two years, we have made a number of changes to how we manage reward, in particular strengthening how we use differentiation in reward decisions based on employee performance to drive a high-performing culture across the organisation. • In 2018 and 2019 we introduced: – a new performance management approach; – a new bonus plan approach; and – updated culture, values and behaviours to support growth. • We continue to embed the structures to facilitate cultural change in the organisation and the early signs are positive, for example the use of differentiation in our merit and bonus process. • Our Colleague Heartbeat results reflect a positive view of how we reward employees across the business and continues to provide a useful vehicle for workforce engagement. • As we look to 2020, we are further developing the performance culture across the organisation through: – a streamlined performance management approach that further supports differentiation; – a combined merit and bonus process which allows managers to take a more holistic view on reward; and – the introduction of a colleague share plan which will encourage shared ownership and alignment to our external stakeholders at all levels of the organisation. How our reward practices are aligned across all levels of the organisation Our reward packages are designed to attract, retain and motivate top talent. We apply a consistent approach to reward across the corporate business, ensuring we meet the needs of employees by offering a market driven rewards package, which we regularly review against our competitors for talent. How our reward practices align across the organisation Executive Committee Executive Directors Elements of Reward Wider Workforce Notes See below in respect of UK pensions. For senior management (generally at Executive Committee level and their direct reports) a proportion of bonus is deferred into shares for a three-year period. Senior/mid-management and certain specialist roles are eligible for a Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP). Performance-based LTIP largely applies at the level of Executive Committee and their direct reports. In line with typical market practice, particularly in the US, and due to line-of-sight to performance measures, a gradually greater proportion of the LTIP award is made as RSUs (which are not subject to performance conditions but still align employee interests with those of shareholders) for eligible roles from the Executive Committee down. Available to employees below senior/mid-management levels only. Available to employees below senior/mid-management levels only. Shareholding requirements are applicable at the level of Executive Committee and their direct reports. UK Pension Provision In 2019, we undertook a full market review of the UK pension benefit (the IHG UK Defined Contribution Pension Plan) to ensure that it remained an attractive part of our reward package. The UK pension landscape has changed significantly since our arrangements were last reviewed, following the phased introduction of minimum automatic-enrolment contribution levels and changes to tax allowances for high earners. From 1 April 2020, we will introduce a single, simple matching-structure on the following basis: Employee Grade All Employee Contribution 3-6% Matching Contribution Multiple 2 Maximum Matching Contribution 12% Fixed Salary Benefits Variable Pension benefit Annual Performance Plan (APP) Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) Colleague Share Plan (introduced in 2020) Recognition Scheme Other Shareholding requirements How incentives align our workforce to our business strategy and culture We place great emphasis on aligning everyone to our business strategy, which means shareholders and employees have a shared interest in the performance of the Company. We achieve this through the design of our incentive plans, which align individual performance and behaviour with our company purpose, values and strategy. Performance metrics used for reward Elements of Rewards Impacted Performance Metrics in 2020 Financial Annual Performance Plan (APP) • Operating profit from reportable segments Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) • Net System Size Growth • Relative Net System Size Growth • Cash Flow • Total Gross Revenue • Total Shareholder Return Individual Salary • Achievement of individual goals Annual Performance Plan (APP) • Progress with personal development • Demonstration of value and behaviours 100 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration This Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration explains how the Directors’ Remuneration Policy (DR Policy) was implemented in 2019 and the resulting payments each of the Executive Directors received. This report is subject to an advisory vote by shareholders at the 2020 AGM. The notes to the single-figure table provide further detail, where relevant, for each of the elements that make up the total single figure of remuneration for each of the Executive Directors. AUDITED Single total figure of remuneration – Executive Directors Executive Directors Keith Barr Paul Edgecliffe- Johnson Elie Maaloufb Salary £000 Benefits £000 Pension benefit £000 Fixed pay Subtotal £000 828 792 602 554 622 559 36 51 24 24 33 34 207 198 158 166 121 109 1,071 1,041 784 744 776 702 Year 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 Variable pay LTIP £000a 1,263 Subtotal £000 2,246 609 987 764 963 701 1,952 1,710 1,706 1,706 1,648 APP £000 983 1,343 723 942 743 947 Other £000 – 150 – – – – Total £000 3,317 3,143 2,494 2,450 2,482 2,350 a LTIP: Figures for 2018 relate to the value of shares for the 2016/18 LTIP cycle and have been restated using actual share price on date of vesting. Figures for 2019 relate to the value of shares for the 2017/19 LTIP cycle. b Elie Maalouf is paid in US dollars and the sterling equivalent is calculated using an exchange rate of $1 = £0.78 in 2019 and $1 = £0.75 in 2018 (page 150). Notes to single figure table Fixed pay Salary: salary paid for the year. Benefits: for Executive Directors, this includes, but is not limited to, taxable benefits such as company car and healthcare. Provision during 2019 was in line with previous years and the approved DR Policy. Pension benefit: for current Executive Directors, in line with DR Policy, the value of IHG contributions to pension plans and any cash allowances, paid in lieu of pension contributions. Keith Barr and Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson did not participate in any IHG pension plan in 2019 and instead received cash allowances of 25% of base salary (reduced from 30% in 2019 for Paul). Life assurance cover is provided for both Keith and Paul at four times base salary. Elie Maalouf participated in the US 401(k) Plan and the US Deferred Compensation Plan. The US 401(k) Plan is a tax qualified plan providing benefits on a defined contribution basis, with the member and relevant company both contributing. The US Deferred Compensation Plan is a non-tax qualified plan, providing benefits on a defined contribution basis, with the member and the relevant company both contributing. Contributions made by, and in respect of, Elie Maalouf in these plans for the year ended 31 December 2019 were: Director’s contributions to US Deferred Compensation Plan Director’s contributions to US 401(k) Plan Company contributions to US Deferred Compensation Plan Company contributions to US 401(k) Plan Age of Director at 31 December 2019 £a 235,675 19,500 111,938 8,736 55 a Sterling values have been calculated using an exchange rate of $1 = £0.78. Variable pay APP (cash and deferred shares) Operation Award levels are determined based on salary as at 31 December 2019 on a straight-line basis between threshold and target, and target and maximum, and are based on achievement vs target under each measure: • Threshold is the minimum level that must be achieved for there to be an award in relation to that measure; no award is made for achievement below threshold. • Target is the target level of achievement and results in a target award for that measure. • Maximum is the level of achievement at which a maximum award for that measure is received (capped at 200% of salary). For 2019, the Remuneration Committee set a threshold award level of 50% of target award (57.5% of salary). The threshold award was subject to global affordability gates: • If operating profit from reportable segments was less than 85% of target, no award under net System Size growth and savings for reinvestment would be made; and • If operating profit from reportable segments was 85% or more, but less than 93% of target, half of any award under net System Size growth and savings for reinvestment would be made. Net system size growth was also dependent on achieving at least four out of 10 of the global metrics for 2019. There was also Committee discretion to adjust awards to consider factors such as IHG’s performance relative to competitors. Other Keith Barr received a lump sum of £150,000 in July 2018 to cover the transitional and transactional costs of localising to the UK. This was fully reported in the 2017 Annual Report, page 69. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Directors’ Remuneration Report 101 Governance Directors’ Remuneration Report continued Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration AUDITED APP Outcome for 2019 The performance measures for the 2019 APP were operating profit from reportable segments (70%), net System Size growth (15%) and savings for reinvestment (15%) and were determined in accordance with the DR Policy. Target award was 115% of salary. The table below shows threshold, target and maximum opportunity, as well as weighting and actual 2019 achievement. % of target award Threshold 35 7.5 50 Target Actual 70 69 15 15 100 18 15 102 Maximum 140 30 30 200 0 50 100 150 200 Operating profit from reportable segments Net System Size growth Savings for reinvestment APP Performance Achievement Weighting Weighted achievement Operating profit from reportable segments: performance relative to target Threshold Actual Target Maximum $807.8m $865.7m $868.6m $929.4m Net system size growth (k rooms) Threshold Target Actual Maximum 873.3 877.5 878.4 881.7 Savings for reinvestment Threshold $105.0m Target Actual Maximum $115.0m $115.0m $125.0m 50% 98% 100% 200% 50% 100% 121% 200% 50% 100% 100% 200% 70% 69% 15% 18% 15% 15% Operating profit from reportable segments is a Non-GAAP measure and excludes certain items from operating profit. Additionally, in determining operating profit from reportable segments for APP purposes, budgeted exchange rates for the year are used and certain adjustments to reported 2019 operating profit from reportable segments were agreed by the Committee in order to ensure like-for-like comparison with the APP target set at the start of the year: Operating profit from reportable segments (at actual exchange rates) (see page 150) Difference due to exchange rates Operating profit from reportable segments, after adjustments (at 2019 budget exchange rates) $864.7m $1.0m $865.7m The total weighted achievement for Keith Barr, Paul Edgecliffe- Johnson and Elie Maalouf is 102% of target bonus (58.7% of capped maximum award). The APP award for 2019 was therefore 117.3% of salary for each. Awards for 2019 are payable 50% in cash and 50% in deferred shares, vesting three years after the date of grant, in February 2023. The deferred share awards are made in the form of forfeitable shares that receive dividends during the three-year vesting period and include the right to vote at shareholder meetings. They are not subject to any further performance conditions. Executive Director Keith Barr Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Elie Maaloufb Salary as at 31 December 2019 £000 838 616 634 Award as % of salary Total value of award £000 117.3 117.3 117.3 983 723 743 b Elie Maalouf is paid in US dollars and the sterling equivalent is calculated using an exchange rate of $0.78. LTIP 2017/19 (shares) Awards are made annually and eligible executives will receive shares at the end of that cycle, subject to achievement of the performance conditions. Conditions and weightings are described on page 103. TSR measures the return to shareholders by investing in IHG relative to a comparator group containing the following major, globally branded competitors: Accor S.A.; Choice Hotels International Inc.; Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc.; Hyatt Hotels Corporation; Marriott International, Inc.; Melia Hotels International S.A.; Millennium & Copthorne Hotels PLC; NH Hotel Group; and Wyndham Hotels & Resorts Inc., as per data provided by our corporate bankers sourced from Thomson Reuters Datastream. In respect of Wyndham Worldwide’s split into two publicly traded companies in May 2018, the performance of Wyndham Worldwide was tracked up until the split, followed by the performance of Wyndham Hotels & Resorts Inc. subsequent to the split. Following the acquisition and delisting of Millennium & Copthorne Hotels PLC by City Developments Limited, a Singapore-based real estate company, it was removed from the comparator group for all active LTIP cycles (2017/19, 2018/20 and 2019/21). The share price in respect of the 2016/18 LTIP cycle has been restated using the volume weighted average price of 4,565p on the date of actual vesting on 20 February 2019. The corresponding values shown in the 2018 report (prior to the actual vesting) were an estimate calculated using an average share price over the final quarter of 2018 of 4,193p. Outcome for 2017/19 cycle The performance measures for the 2017/19 three-year LTIP cycle were in line with the 2017 DR Policy. The table below shows threshold and maximum opportunity, as well as weighting and actual achievement, for each performance measure. % of maximum opportunity Threshold 8 20 4 Actual 18.9 20 20 20 78.9 Maximum 0 40 20 20 20 20 100 40 60 80 100 TSR Total Gross Revenue NSSG Cash flow 102 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 AUDITED Performance measure and weighting Target % Vesting Result Performance Targets Maximum 84.1% Maximum 100% Outcome 54.9% Achievement (% of maximum) 47.2% Weighting Weighted achievement 40% 18.9% Total Shareholder Return: Three-year growth relative to average of competitors 40% Total Gross Revenue: based on IHG’s performance against an absolute total gross revenue target 20% Net System Size Growth: based on IHG’s performance against an absolute NSSG target 20% Cash Flow: based on IHG’s performance against an absolute cash flow target 20% Total achievement (% of maximum opportunity vested) Threshold 39.9% Maximum 3.71bn USD Threshold 2.60bn USD Maximum 107.4k rooms Threshold 75.1k rooms Maximum 1.72bn USD Threshold 1.29bn USD Threshold 20% Maximum 100% Threshold 20% Outcome 3.75bn USD 100% 20% 20% Maximum 100% Outcome 116.4k rooms 100% 20% 20% Threshold 20% Maximum 100% Reported Outcome 1.6bn USD Threshold 20% Adjusted Outcome 1.85bn USD 100% 20% 20% Adjustments to cash flow outcome Over the performance period of the 2017-19 LTIP award, there have been a number of accounting standard changes and events that have impacted IHG’s cash flow that were unquantified or unforeseen when the original targets were set. The Committee carefully considered these and determined that it was appropriate to adjust the cash flow outcome for the impact of the events below in order to ensure that the outcomes are measured on a consistent basis with targets. An explanation of each adjustment is set out below and a reconciliation of the initial and adjusted outcome is set out to the right. Adjustments due to changes in accounting standards: The new accounting standards implemented during the period do not have an overall impact on Group cash flow, but do impact the LTIP target because of the reclassification of cash flows to different line items that are not included in the LTIP target: • IFRS 15: The System Fund interest receipt was reclassified from Cash Flow from Operations to the interest line. • IFRS 16: Operating leases cash flow has been reclassified from Cash Flow from Operations to interest and movements in net debt. Adjustments due to events unforeseen when the targets were set: • Six Senses acquisition: the material acquisition cost of Six Senses in 2019 has been removed. The Committee considered it was appropriate to exclude the cash impact because it was not incorporated into the original target and the cash flow benefits of the acquisition will be long-term. • Comprehensive efficiency programme: There was additional Board approved expenditure as part of a three-year programme of savings to reinvest in the business for future growth, which was not budgeted for at the beginning of the 2017-19 plan when 78.9% the targets were set. The benefits from this comprehensive efficiency programme are long-term, beyond the timescale of the plan period, so the Committee considered it appropriate to exclude the cost. Stretching targets with regards to these benefits will be reflected in future incentive plans. • Where applicable, the adjustments above will also apply to the cash flow outcomes of the 2018-20 and 2019-21 LTIP awards. These will be disclosed in full along with any other adjustments in the relevant year’s Directors’ Remuneration Report. Cash flow definition for 2017-19 LTIP Cash flow is defined as the cumulative annual cash generation over a three-year performance period. Cash generation is cash flow from Operations, excluding loyalty programmes and material movements in cash associated with the System Fund, and including net cash from investing activities. Reconciliation Reported cash flow from Operations Net movement in loyalty programmes Other movements relating to the System Fund Net cash from investing activities Reported outcome per definition IFRS 15 IFRS 16 Six Senses acquisition Comprehensive efficiency programme Adjusted outcome Cash flow $bn 2.62 (0.14) 0.03 (0.91) 1.60 0.03 (0.17) 0.29 0.10 1.85 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Directors’ Remuneration Report 103 Governance Directors’ Remuneration Report continued Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration continued AUDITED LTIP Achievement against target is measured by reference to the three years ending 31 December 2019. This cycle will vest on 19 February 2020 and the individual outcomes for this cycle are shown below. The share price of 4,847p used to calculate the 2017/19 LTIP cycle value shown in the single-figure table is the average over the final quarter of 2019. Executive Director Keith Barra Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Elie Maaloufb Award Cycle LTIP 2017/19 RSU 2017/19 LTIP 2017/19 LTIP 2017/19 RSU 2017/19 Maximum opportunity at grant (number of shares) 30,303 2,160 25,811 21,822 2,645 % of maximum opportunity vested 78.9% 100% 78.9% 78.9% 100% Outcome (number of shares awarded at vest) Total value of award £000 Value of award attributable to share price appreciation 23,908 2,160 20,364 17,217 2,645 1,159 105 987 835 128 135 13 120 102 16 a Keith Barr received an increased award, pro-rated from 1 July 2017, for the 2017/19 LTIP in accordance with the DR Policy as a result of his appointment to the Board. Prior to this, he was granted 17,822 shares and 2,160 restricted stock units on 22 May 2017 with a market price of 4,257p per share. b The award for Elie Maalouf was granted prior to his appointment to the Board. Elie was also granted 2,645 restricted stock units on 22 May 2017 with a market price of 4,257p per share. AUDITED Other outstanding awards Scheme interests awarded during 2018 and 2019 During 2018 and 2019, awards were granted under the LTIP cycle and made to each Executive Director over shares with a maximum value of 205% of salary using an average of the closing mid-market share price for the five days prior to grant, as in the table below. These are in the form of conditional awards over Company shares and do not carry the right to dividends or dividend equivalents during the vesting period. The vesting date for the 2018/20 LTIP award is the day after the announcement of our annual 2020 preliminary results in February 2021. These awards will vest, and shares will be transferred to the award-holder, to the extent performance targets are met. The vesting date for the 2019/21 LTIP award is the day after the announcement of our annual 2021 preliminary results in February 2022. These awards will vest to the extent performance targets are met and will then be restricted for a further two years, transferring to the award-holder in February 2024. The performance measures are as agreed in the 2017 Remuneration Policy. Total shareholder return, total gross revenue, net System Size growth and cash flow are measured by reference to the three years ending 31 December 2020 for the 2018/20 cycle and 31 December 2021 for the 2019/21 cycle. Minimum performance is equal to 20% of the maximum award. Executive Director 2018/20 cycle Keith Barr Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Elie Maalouf 2019/21 cycle Keith Barr Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Elie Maalouf AUDITED Award date Maximum shares awarded Market price per share at grant £ Face value of award at grant £000 Number of shares received if minimum performance achieved 8 May 2018 8 May 2018 8 May 2018 10 May 2019 10 May 2019 10 May 2019 35,381 24,830 24,426 34,693 25,509 25,802 46.25 46.25 46.25 49.53 49.53 49.53 1,636 1,148 1,130 1,718 1,263 1,278 7,076 4,966 4,885 6,938 5,101 5,160 Payments for loss of office There were no payments for loss of office in 2019. Pension entitlements No Executive Director is entitled to any Defined Benefit pension or related benefit from IHG. Payments to past Directors – benefits Sir Ian Prosser Sir Ian Prosser, who retired as a Director on 31 December 2003, had an ongoing healthcare benefit of £2,281 during the year. 104 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 AUDITED Statement of Directors’ shareholdings and share interests The Committee believes that share ownership by Executive Directors and senior executives strengthens the link between the individuals’ personal interests and those of shareholders. Guideline Executive Director shareholding requirement Executive Directors are required to hold shares equal to 300% of salary for the Chief Executive Officer and 200% for any other Executive Director within five years of their appointment. The number of shares held outright includes all directors’ beneficial interests and those held by their spouses and other connected persons. It also includes the net value of APP shares that are not currently subject to ongoing performance conditions but are subject to ongoing holding periods. Percentages are calculated using the 31 December 2019 share price of 5,208p. Prior to the introduction of post-employment shareholding requirements under the new Code, we introduced a condition under our DR Policy for the full guideline minimum shareholding requirement to continue for six months after cessation of employment and 50% of the requirement to continue for an additional six months. Shares and awards held by Executive Directors as at 31 December 2019: % of salary Keith Barr 328 436 1,169 Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson 326 441 Elie Maalouf 1,186 359 506 1,241 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 Shares held outright Guideline shareholding Shares held outright and net value of shares subject to holding/deferral perioda Total number of shares and awards as a % of salary a Percentages have been calculated using a combined tax and social security rate of 47% for Keith Barr and Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson and a rate of 45.1% for Elie Maalouf. Current Directors’ shareholdings The APP deferred share awards are not subject to performance conditions. Details on the performance conditions to which the unvested LTIP awards are still subject can be found on page 103. Shares and awards held by Executive Directors as at 31 December 2019: number of shares Number of shares held outright APP deferred share awards LTIP share awards (unvested) Total number of shares and awards held Keith Barr Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Elie Maaloufa 2019 52,832 38,562 43,652 2018 42,782 25,669 24,773 2019 32,697 25,637 32,591 2018 28,262 26,742 42,058 2019 102,537 76,150 74,695 2018 2019 2018 97,211 87,482 82,694 188,066 140,349 150,938 168,255 139,893 149,525 a Includes 35,961 shares granted prior to appointment to the Board Other information relating to Directors’ remuneration Consideration of use of discretion As discussed on page 72, the 2019 Financial Statements include impairments relating to Kimpton hotel management agreements acquired in 2015 and the UK hotel portfolio acquired in 2018 and, in this context, the Committee discussed whether the formulaic outcomes in relation to the APP 2019 and LTIP 2017/19 cycle were appropriate. The Kimpton impairment does not relate to goodwill, which is unaffected. Since the acquisition of Kimpton Hotels & Restaurants in 2015, the intrinsic value of the brand has increased with over 40 new hotels signed into the pipeline and accelerated international expansion. The Committee considered that these factors outweigh the impact of the impairment. Cash paid on acquisition of the UK portfolio was $9m, with the goodwill recognised being attributable to the future trading potential of the hotel operations. The impairment has been driven by challenging trading conditions experienced across the UK hotel industry. The Committee took into consideration the strategic importance of the acquisition; three of the UK portfolio have been converted to voco hotels, which has been a key driver of the 33 signings since launch of that brand, three of the portfolio have been converted to Kimpton hotels, which has had a significant influence on the international growth of that brand. Having considered all these matters in the round, including the solid performance of the Company over the relevant periods, the Committee concluded that it was not necessary to exercise discretion relating to 2019 outcomes. Dividends paid to Executive Directors A final dividend for 2018 of 60.4p per ordinary share (78.1¢ per ADR) was paid on 14 May 2019 to shareholders on the Register of members at the close of business on 29 March 2019. A special dividend of 203.8p per ordinary shares (262.1¢ per ADR) was paid on 29 January 2019 to shareholders on the Register at the close of business on 11 January 2019. An interim dividend of 32.0p per ordinary share (39.9¢ per ADR) was paid on 3 October 2019 to shareholders on the Register of members at the close of business on 30 August 2019. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Directors’ Remuneration Report 105 Governance Directors’ Remuneration Report continued Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration continued Relative performance graph InterContinental Hotels Group PLC is a member of the FTSE 100 share index, and the graph below shows the Company’s Total Shareholder Return (TSR) performance from 31 December 2008 to 31 December 2019, assuming dividends are reinvested, compared with the TSR performance achieved by the FTSE 100. 1,300 1,200 1,100 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 IHG PLC FTSE 100 Index Chief Executive Officer’s remuneration The table below shows the Chief Executive Officer’s single figure of total remuneration for the 10 years to 31 December 2019. 2017 2,161a 2018 3,143 2019 3,317 Single figure CEO 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Single figure of remuneration (£000) Keith Barr Richard Solomons 4,724 4,881 3,131 6,611b 3,197 3,662 2,207c Andrew Cosslett 5,430 3,770 Annual incentive received (% of maximum) Keith Barr Richard Solomons Andrew Cosslett 100.0 Shares received under the LTIP (% of maximum) Keith Barr Richard Solomons Andrew Cosslett 73.8 83.0 43.3 73.9 61.6 68.0 74.0 74.0 75.0 63.9 100.0 59.0 56.1 50.0 49.4 69.7 66.8 46.1 46.1 84.1 58.7 45.4 78.9 a For Keith Barr, the 2018 figure includes a one-off cash payment for relocation costs in lieu of benefits received whilst on international assignment prior to CEO position, fully explained in the 2017 report. b For Richard Solomons, the 2014 figure includes a one-off cash payment in respect of pension entitlements which was fully explained in the 2014 report. c In respect of period 1 January to 30 June 2017. CEO Pay Ratio As we noted in last year’s Annual Report, pay ratios will differ significantly between companies, even within the same industry, depending on demographics and business model. Since last year’s report, we have acquired a number of UK hotel employing entities under the terms of management agreements relating to the UK Portfolio. Prior to this, under our largely franchised UK business model, the majority of hotel employees were not directly employed by IHG. The Group’s UK employee demographic, which previously consisted of largely professional, management and senior corporate roles, has therefore shifted significantly with the addition of a number of hotel employing entities including a large proportion of part-time and flexible-working support and service roles. To illustrate the impact this has had on the pay ratio, the 2019 ratio is shown adjacent for both the full population and excluding the hotel employing entities. On a like-for-like population basis, the median ratio has increased from 47:1 in 2018 to 48:1 in 2019. Year Financial year ending 31 December 2018 Financial year ending 31 December 2019 – Full population Financial year ending 31 December 2019 – Excluding new hotel employing entities Method Option C Option C Option C 25th percentile pay ratio Median pay ratio 75th percentile pay ratio 71:1 47:1 29:1 177:1 119:1 58:1 70:1 48:1 31:1 What drives the difference in pay between our CEO and other employees? Pay ratios reflect how remuneration arrangements differ as responsibility increases for more senior roles within the organisation, for example: • A greater proportion of performance-related variable pay and share-based incentives applies for more senior executives, including Executive Directors, who will have a greater degree of influence over performance outcomes; • Additional and enhanced benefit provision, such as company car and healthcare benefits, apply as roles and responsibilities increase throughout the organisation; 106 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 • Role-specific specialist plans apply in certain areas such as corporate reservations, sales, and hotel development. Incentive plans for General Managers of IHG owned, leased and managed lease and managed hotels commonly include targets based on gross operating profit, guest satisfaction and employee engagement. The target and maximum amounts that can be earned under these plans are typically a higher percentage of base salary for more senior employees, which in turn affects the pay ratio; and • Incentive plans for other corporate employees are typically based on a combination of individual performance and the Group’s operating profit from reportable segments. Calculation methodology and supporting information Option C has been selected for the identification of the percentile employees as, under this method, we are able to produce the most accurate total remuneration figure for all UK employees on a basis comparable with the statutory reporting for Executive Directors and using the data available at the time of producing the Annual Report. Specifically, this involves: • Starting with the April 2019 Gender Pay Gap salary, bonus and long-term incentive data for all UK employees; • Adjusting the value of total bonus so that it reflects only the amount earned in respect of FY 2018 and does not include the value of any deferred shares from the 2015 bonus which vested in 2019; • Adding the employer pension contribution from pension plan data as at April 2019; and • Adding non-cash benefit data (e.g. company car, healthcare, etc.) from the 2018/19 tax year P11D report. Option C requires three UK employees to be identified as the equivalent of the 25th, 50th and 75th percentile. Having identified these employees, the 2019 total remuneration is calculated on the same basis as the CEO single total figure of remuneration. The only exception being that the bonus applicable to the relevant employees is assumed to be their respective target value, as the actual value is not known at the time of producing the Annual Report. The 2019 salary and total pay for the individuals identified at the lower, median and upper quartiles are set out below: Year Financial year ending 31 December 2018 Financial year ending 31 December 2019 – Full population Financial year ending 31 December 2019 – Excluding new hotel employing entities 25th percentile pay ratio Median pay ratio 75th percentile pay ratio Salary £ 38,437 53,639 75,151 Total Remuneration £ 43,679 65,614 107,464 Salary £ 17,884 25,883 47,700 Total Remuneration £ 18,786 27,766 57,383 Salary £ 40,989 59,088 77,030 Total Remuneration £ 47,645 69,464 106,545 Percentage change in remuneration of Chief Executive Officer We believe that a group comprised of UK-based employees is an appropriate comparator for salary and taxable benefits because the structure and composition of remuneration for that group most closely reflects that of the UK-based Chief Executive Officer. The table below shows the percentage change in the remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer compared with UK employees between 2018 and 2019. The salary figure for the UK employee population has been calculated using the 2019 budget for the annual pay review, taking into account any promotions/market adjustments made during the year. The taxable benefits figure is based on P11D taxable benefits for tax years ending 5 April 2018 and 2019. For the annual incentive, a group of executives, who report directly to the CEO, is used as a comparator group as they are subject to the same performance measures as the CEO. Salary Taxable benefits Annual incentive Chief Executive Officer (% change) UK employees (% change) 5 15 -26.8 3 3 -22.5 As reported in the 2018 Annual Report, Keith Barr’s salary was set below benchmark policy level on appointment as CEO and following strong performance in his first year in the role, he received an increase higher than that of the budget for the corporate UK workforce in 2019. The greater increase in the CEO’s taxable benefit is attributable to the increased cost of his healthcare benefit compared to that of the average of the rest of the UK workforce. Relative importance of spend on pay The chart below sets out the actual expenditure of the Group in 2019 and 2018, showing the differences between those years. Further information, including where 2018 figures have been restated, can be found on the Group Financial Statements starting on page 132 and the accompanying notes. For 2019, the total distributions to shareholders included a special dividend of 208.3p per share which was paid in January 2019. +4% +262.3% +0.7% 2,180 2,165 $m 2500 2000 1500 1000 865 832 721 500 0 199 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 Reportable segments operating profit Dividends paid to shareholders Staff costs Implementation of Directors’ Remuneration Policy in 2020 This section explains how the DR Policy will be applied in 2020 subject to a binding vote by shareholders at the 2020 AGM. Salary: Executive Directors Directors’ salaries are agreed annually in line with the DR Policy. The following salaries will apply from 1 April 2020. Executive Director Keith Barr Paul Edgecliffe- Johnson Elie Maaloufa Increase % 2020 £ 2020 $ 2019 £ 2019 $ 2 2 2 855,000 838,200 628,700 616,300 828,500 812,200 a Elie Maalouf is paid in US dollars and his annual base salary for 2019 and 2020 is shown in US dollars. The sterling equivalent values calculated using an exchange rate of $1 = £0.78 are: 2019 – £633,516 and 2020 – £646,230. The increases above are in line with the budget for the wider UK and US corporate workforce. LTIP and APP performance measures and targets Full details of the measures and targets for the 2020 APP and 2020/22 LTIP cycle are contained in the separate DR Policy section on pages 112 to 113 of this report. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Directors’ Remuneration Report 107 Governance Directors’ Remuneration Report continued Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration continued AUDITED Single total figure of remuneration: Non-Executive Directors Non-Executive Director Committee appointments Date of original appointment Patrick Cescau Anne Busquet Ian Dyson Jo Harlow Luke Mayhew Jill McDonald Dale Morrison Malina Ngai N A C A R N R A C N A C N A N R C R 01/01/13 01/03/15 01/09/13 01/09/14 01/07/11 01/06/13 01/06/11 01/03/17 See page 79 for Board and Committee membership key and attendance. Fees: Fees paid are in line with the DR Policy. Fees £000 2018 422 74 99 99 74 87 107 74 2019 435 77 102 102 77 90 110 77 Taxable benefits £000 2019 14 5 2 2 2 2 11 8 2018 20 7 3 2 2 4 66 4 2019 449 82 104 104 79 92 121 85 Total £000 2018 442 81 102 101 76 91 173 78 Benefits: For Non-Executive Directors, benefits include taxable travel and accommodation expenses to attend Board meetings away from the designated home location. Under concessionary HM Revenue and Customs rules, non-UK based Non-Executive Directors are not subject to UK tax on travel expenses to/from the UK as long as they remain non-UK resident; this is reflected in the taxable benefits for Anne Busquet, Malina Ngai and Dale Morrison. Incentive awards: Non-Executive Directors are not eligible for any incentive awards. Pension benefit: Non-Executive Directors are not eligible for any pension contributions or benefit. Shares held by Non-Executive Directors as at 31 December 2019: The Non-Executive Directors who held shares are listed in the table below: Non-Executive Director Patrick Cescau Jo Harlowa Luke Mayhew Dale Morrisona 2019b 3,605 950 1,305 2,960 2018 3,795 1,000 1,373 3,116 a Shares held in the form of American Depositary Receipts. b 2019 shares were subject to a share consolidation on 14 January 2019 on the basis of 19 new ordinary shares for every 20 existing ordinary shares. Fees: Non-Executive Directors The fees for Non-Executive Directors are reviewed and agreed annually in line with the DR Policy. The fee levels for 2020 will be as follows: 2020 £000 444 78 78 104 104 78 92 112 78 2019 £000 435 77 – 102 102 77 90 110 77 Non-Executive Director Role Patrick Cescau Anne Busquet Chair of the Board Non-Executive Director Arthur de Haast Non-Executive Director Ian Dyson Jo Harlow Luke Mayhew Jill McDonald Dale Morrison Malina Ngai Chair of Audit Committee Chair of Remuneration Committee Non-Executive Director Chair of Corporate Responsibility Committee Senior Independent Non-Executive Director Non-Executive Director Board Committee membership key A Audit Committee member R Remuneration Committee member C Corporate Responsibility Committee member Chair of a Board Committee N Nomination Committee member 108 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Remuneration Committee details Key objectives and summary of responsibilities The Remuneration Committee agrees, on behalf of the Board, all aspects of the remuneration of the Executive Directors and the Executive Committee, and agrees the strategy, direction and policy for the remuneration of the senior executives who have a significant influence over the Group’s ability to meet its strategic objectives. Additionally, the Committee reviews wider workforce pay policies and practice to ensure alignment with strategy, values and behaviours and takes this into account when setting Executive Director remuneration. The Committee’s role and responsibilities are set out in its Terms of Reference (ToR) which are reviewed annually and approved by the board. The ToR are available on IHG’s website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. The Committee’s key focus areas during the year have been: The Company’s approach to wider workforce engagement under the Corporate Governance Code is set out on pages 32 to 33. Effectiveness of the Committee The effectiveness of the Committee is monitored and assessed regularly by the Chair of the Committee and the Chair of the Board. During 2019, the Committee was also reviewed as part of the external Board evaluation process, where it was concluded that the Committee remains effective (see page 86). Other focus areas and activities In addition to the DR Policy review and stakeholder consultation process, the other focus areas and activities discussed by the Committee during 2019 were: • Reviewing and approving the 2018 annual and long-term incentive results for the Executive Directors and other members of the Executive Committee; • Reviewing and approving 2019 measures and targets for annual • Reviewing the Director’s Remuneration Policy and associated and long-term incentive plans; feedback from stakeholders as part of the consultation process on potential Policy changes; and • Evaluating potential measures and targets for 2020+ short and long-term incentive plans. Membership and attendance at meetings Details of the Committee’s membership and attendance at the meetings are set out on page 79. During 2019, the Committee was supported internally by the Chair, the Group’s CEO and CFO, and the heads of Human Resources and Reward as necessary. All attend by invitation to provide further background information and context to assist the Committee in its duties. They are not present for any discussions that relate directly to their own remuneration or where their attendance would not be appropriate. Reporting to the Board The Committee Chair updates the Board on all key issues raised at Committee meetings. Papers and minutes for each meeting are also circulated to all Board members for review and comment. Stakeholder engagement As part of the DR Policy review undertaken in 2018 and 2019, the Chair of the Remuneration Committee met with a number of our largest shareholders, proxy voting agencies and industry bodies, such as the Investment Association, to discuss our remuneration policy design and its link to business strategy. In terms of employee engagement, the Company’s twice-yearly global engagement survey addresses employee satisfaction, covering a number of areas including competitive pay and benefits; and, during the year, the Committee reviewed key aspects of wider workforce remuneration policy and practice and its alignment with executive pay. As explained in the DR Policy on page 116 to 117, these stakeholder engagement processes have informed our review of executive director remuneration. • Monitoring 2019 performance against agreed targets as well as in the wider business context; • Reviewing wider workforce remuneration policy and practice; • Tender process for remuneration advisory services to the Committee. Remuneration advisers PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP continued to act as independent adviser to the Committee throughout 2019. However, as part of the transition process for its role as IHG’s statutory auditor for the 2021 financial year, the Committee undertook a competitive tender process and appointed Deloitte LLP as its adviser going forward. In order to ensure a full and efficient transfer of responsibilities, Deloitte were appointed and commenced work for the Committee in October 2019 and PwC will formally step down in early 2020. PwC and Deloitte are both members of the Remuneration Consultants Group and, as such, operate under the code of conduct in relation to executive remuneration consulting in the UK. The Committee is satisfied that the advice received is objective and independent. Fees of £136,549 were paid to PwC and £6,000 to Deloitte in respect of advice provided to the Committee in 2019. This was in the form of an agreed fee for support in preparation of papers and attendance at meetings, with work on additional items charged at hourly rates. The terms of engagement for Deloitte are available from the Company Secretary’s office upon request. Voting at the Company’s AGMs There was no binding vote in respect of the DR Policy at the 2019 AGM as it remained unchanged from 2017. The outcome of the votes in respect of the DR Policy and Report for 2017 to 2019 are shown below: AGM 2019 2018 2017 Directors’ Remuneration Policy (binding vote) Directors’ Remuneration Report (advisory vote) Votes for Votes against Abstentions Votes for Votes against – – – – 120,328,350 (95.76%) 5,332,320 (4.24%) – – 261,819 120,939,401 (83.95%) 118,770,985 (82.33%) 119,155,451 (96.42%) 23,116,948 (16.05%) 25,486,193 (17.67%) 4,426,549 (3.58%) Abstentions 3,867,287 2,664,237 2,340,489 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Directors’ Remuneration Report 109 Governance Directors’ Remuneration Policy The Committee will consider the Remuneration Policy annually to ensure it remains aligned with strategic objectives. However, subject to approval by shareholders at the 2020 AGM, it is intended that the policy set out below will apply for three years from 2020; if any amendments need to be made to the policy within that timeframe, it will first be presented to be voted upon by shareholders. Where there have been changes to elements from the last policy, these are set out for each element in the table below. The reasons for the changes are described in the Remuneration Committee Chair’s statement on pages 96 to 98. Future policy table Salary Link to strategy 100% cash No change in policy To attract and retain the key talent responsible for delivering our strategic objectives. Recognises the value of the role and the individual’s skill, performance and experience. Operation Base salary is reviewed annually and fixed for 12 months from 1 April. In reviewing salaries, the Committee may consider: • business performance; • personal performance; • the average salary increases for the wider IHG workforce; and • current remuneration assessed against comparable opportunities for an individual to ensure competitiveness. Maximum opportunity Over the policy period, salaries for current Executive Directors will increase, subject to individual performance, in line with the range of increases applying to the corporate UK and US employee population, except where there is a change in role or responsibility, or another need arises to reassess the competitiveness of salary which warrants either a lesser or a more significant increase. Any such change will be fully explained. Newly promoted or recruited Executive Directors may, on occasion, have their salaries set below the conventional remuneration level while they become established in role. In such cases, salary increases may be higher than the corporate UK and US employee population until the target positioning is achieved. Performance framework The results of an individual’s annual performance appraisal are considered when reviewing salary levels. Benefits Link to strategy To attract and retain the key talent responsible for delivering our strategic objectives with competitive benefits which are consistent with an individual’s role and location. No change in policy Operation IHG pays the cost of providing the benefits on a monthly basis or as required for one-off events. Maximum opportunity The value of benefits is dependent on location and market factors. Benefits may include the cost of independent financial advice, car allowance/company car, private healthcare/medical assessments, life insurance, and other benefits provided from time to time. Benefits would be restricted to the typical level for the role and location of an Executive Director. Benefits may also include relocation and expatriate or international assignment costs where appropriate, including for example: • cost of living allowance; • travel costs; • housing allowance; • professional advice; • education allowances; • tax equalisation; • medical expenses; and • relocation allowance. Relocation and expatriate or international assignment costs would be restricted to the typical level for the role and location of an Executive Director. Performance framework None. Pension Link to strategy Operation To attract and retain the key talent responsible for delivering our strategic objectives with appropriate contribution rates to provide funding for retirement. UK Executive Directors are eligible to join the IHG UK Defined Contribution Pension Plan (UK Plan). A cash allowance in lieu of pension contributions is offered, for example, where pension contributions would be less efficient than cash. Non-UK Executive Directors may be eligible for an alternative local company retirement plan, for example, a DC 401(k) Plan and a DC Deferred Compensation Plan currently operating in the US. Maximum opportunity Salary is the only element of remuneration that is pensionable and the current maximum employer contribution level for executives in the UK Plan is shown below. Other contribution rates may apply in alternative non-UK local retirement plans and the Committee has the discretion to reduce or increase employer contribution rates for Executive Directors in exceptional circumstances where conditions so warrant. New for 2020 Policy: • The maximum pension contributions and/or cash allowance for new UK Executive Directors will be aligned with the maximum employer contribution rate available to all other participants in the UK Plan (from April 2020, this will be 12%). • Incumbent UK Executive Directors have agreed to a voluntary reduction in pension provision by the end of 2022 such that the value will align on the same basis as above with effect from 1 January 2023. Performance framework None. The policy will be available to view at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. 110 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Annual Performance Plan (APP) 50% cash and 50% IHG PLC shares deferred for three years No change in policy Link to strategy • Drives and rewards annual performance against both financial and non-financial metrics. • Aligns individuals and teams with key strategic priorities. • Aligns short-term annual performance with strategy to generate long-term returns to shareholders. Operation • Awards are made annually, 50% in cash after the end of the relevant financial year and 50% in the form of share awards which vest after three years subject to leaver provisions. • The Committee has discretion to make awards wholly in cash rather than part-cash and part-shares, in exceptional circumstances. • The share awards are made in the form of conditional awards or forfeitable shares, the latter having the right to receive dividends and vote at general meetings. • Malus and clawback apply to these awards. See page 115 for details. • The Committee may exercise reasonable discretion to adjust an award made under the APP upwards or downwards after application of the performance measures to take into account any relevant factors, including but not limited to, performance relative to IHG’s competitors and extent of achievement across all measures, provided that in no case will an award exceed the maximum opportunity stated. Maximum opportunity The maximum annual award is capped at 200% of salary. Performance framework • 70% is based on the achievement vs target of an operating profit measure. • 30% is based on a mixture of strategic and/or personal measures which are reviewed annually and the weighting, measures and targets are determined by the Committee and set in line with key strategic priorities. • Target award is 115% of salary; threshold is up to 50% of target award for each measure. New for 2020 Policy: Malus and clawback has been extended. See page 115 for details. Measures for 2020 will be operating profit from reportable segments (70%) and Net System Size Growth (30%) – see page 112 for further detail. Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) 100% IHG PLC shares Link to strategy Drives and rewards delivery of sustained long-term performance on measures that are aligned with the interests of shareholders. Operation • Annual grants of conditional awards of shares subject to a performance period of three years or such longer period as the Committee determines, subject to the achievement of corporate performance targets. • The Committee may also impose such post-vesting holding periods as it may, at its discretion, determine. • The Committee also has discretion to make awards in cash rather than shares, in exceptional circumstances. • Malus and clawback applies to awards. See page 115 for details. Maximum opportunity The maximum annual award is up to 350% of salary for the CEO and up to 275% of salary for other Executive Directors. Performance framework • The measures are reviewed and may be changed by the Committee annually to ensure alignment with strategic objectives. • Minimum performance results in 20% vesting and all targets measured over a performance period of at least three years. • The Committee may make adjustments to targets and/or measures if a significant one-off event occurs that makes one or more of the existing targets and/or measures no longer appropriate. The Committee may also adjust awards if a significant one-off event happens that makes the original performance measures no longer appropriate. Any such adjustments would be disclosed at the first appropriate opportunity. • The Committee will review the vesting outcomes under the LTIP measures at the end of each three-year cycle against an assessment of Group earnings, the quality of financial performance and growth over the period, including relative growth against the market, and the efficient use of capital. If the Committee determines that the vesting outcomes do not appropriately reflect the performance of the Group, it will consider applying discretion to increase or reduce the number of shares that vest. The performance and vesting outcomes and any use of discretion will be fully disclosed and explained in the relevant Directors’ Remuneration Report. New for 2020 Policy: The maximum opportunity has been increased from 205% to 350% of salary for the CEO and to 275% of salary for other Executive Directors. See the Chair’s statement on pages 96 to 98 for rationale. A post-vest holding period, typically of two years, may apply. See the Chair’s statement on pages 96 to 98 for rationale. Malus and clawback have also been extended. See page 115 for details. Measures for the 2020/22 cycle are Total Shareholder Return (30%); Relative Net System Size Growth (30%) subject to a Return on Capital Employed underpin; Cash Flow (20%) and Total Gross Revenue (20%) – see page 113 for further details. Shareholding requirements New for 2020 Policy: • Subject to maximum LTIP quantum outlined above, the guideline shareholding requirement will increase to 500% for the CEO and 300% for other Executive Directors. • This shareholding can include the net value of unvested shares that are not subject to any further performance conditions. • Executive Directors are expected to hold all shares earned (net of any share sales required to meet personal tax liabilities), until the previous guideline shareholding requirement is achieved (300% for the CEO and 200% for other Executive Directors) and 50% of all subsequent shares earned (net of any share sales required to meet personal tax liabilities) until the new guideline shareholding is met. Post-Employment Shareholding • The full guideline shareholding requirement will continue for six months, and 50% of the requirement for a further six months, post-cessation of employment. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Directors’ Remuneration Policy 111 Governance Directors’ Remuneration Policy continued Illustrative scenarios Shown below are illustrations of the value that could be received by each Executive Director under the Directors’ Remuneration Policy in respect of 2020, showing: • minimum, which includes salary, benefits and employer pension contributions only (total fixed pay); • on-target, which includes total fixed pay and assumes an on-target award for the APP (115% of salary) and 50% of maximum LTIP award vesting; and • maximum, which includes total fixed pay and a maximum award under the APP and LTIP. • maximum plus share price growth, which includes total fixed pay, a maximum award under the APP and a 50% share price increment for LTIP. The salaries included are those that will apply from 1 April 2020. The benefit values included are estimates. Old Policy (£000) Keith Barr Minimum 1,105 Target Maximum Maximum plus share growth 2,964 4,568 5,444 New Policy (£000) Keith Barr Minimum 1,105 Target Maximum Maximum plus share growth 3,584 5,808 7,304 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Minimum 810 Target Maximum Maximum plus share growth 2,177 3,356 4,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Minimum 810 Target Maximum Maximum plus share growth 2,397 3,796 4,660 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 Elie Maalouf Minimum 821 Target 2,226 Maximum Maximum plus share growth 3,438 4,100 Elie Maalouf Minimum 821 Target Maximum Maximum plus share growth 2,452 3,890 4,778 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 Notes to future policy table In designing the new Remuneration Policy, the Committee followed a detailed decision-making process which included discussions on the proposals at nine Remuneration Committee meetings. The Committee considered multiple approaches and their possible impact, and sought input from management as well as advice from its independent advisors on market practice and shareholder expectations to inform the discussions. An extensive shareholder consultation exercise was also undertaken. To avoid any conflict of interest, no Executive Directors were present for Committee conversations relating to their own pay. Measures for 2020 APP Measure Definition A measure of IHG’s operating profit from reportable segments for the year Increase in absolute number of rooms Operating profit from reportable segments Net System Size growth Weighting (%) Performance objective 70 30 Achievement against target Achievement against target Why have we chosen these measures? In line with the DR Policy, the 2020 APP measures will be 70% based on a measure of operating profit and 30% based on other key strategic measures that are reviewed annually and set in line with business priorities. Operating profit from reportable segments is a focal measure of business performance for our shareholders and is a function of other critical measures, such as RevPAR, profit margin and fee revenues. Having reviewed a number of potential strategic measures, the Committee has determined that, for 2020, it is particularly important to the Company’s strategic objectives to incentivise and reward management for achieving a stretching target for absolute net System Size growth over the next year. In a potentially more muted RevPAR environment, this aligns with our focus on growth to drive our continued success. While there is also an NSSG element in the LTIP, it is of a different nature due to the three-year timescale and relative measurement and reflects our longer-term growth ambition. The Committee retains the flexibility to change the measures and/or weightings during the life of the policy and will consult with shareholders as appropriate on any proposed changes. How are performance targets set? Targets may be set relative to budget and/or by reference to prior results and may contain a performance range to incentivise outperformance and minimum performance levels relative to budget and/or prior experience to ensure that poor performance is not rewarded. The 2020 targets are set by the Committee and senior management, taking into account IHG’s growth ambitions, market expectations and the circumstances and relative performance at the time, with the aim of setting stretching achievement targets for senior executives which will reflect successful outcomes for the business based on its strategic objectives for the year. It is important to note that for 2020, the targets and payment schedule for both operating profit from reportable segments and NSSG are set in an environment of greater uncertainty than in recent years. 112 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Measures for 2020/22 LTIP cycle Measure Definition Relative Total Shareholder Return (TSR) IHG’s performance against a comparator group of global hotel companies. TSR is the aggregate of share price growth and dividends paid, assuming reinvestment of dividends in the Company’s shares during the three-year performance period. Weighting (%) 30 Performance objective Threshold – median of comparator group (20% of TSR element vests); Maximum – upper quartile of comparator group (100% of TSR element vests); and Vesting will be on a straight-line basis in between the two points above. Relative Net System Size Growth with ROCE underpin Absolute Cash Flow IHG’s aggregated compound annual growth rate (CAGR) against our six largest competitors with over 500k rooms: Marriott International, Inc., Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc., Accor S.A., Jin Jiang International Holdings Company Limited, Wyndham Hotels & Resorts Inc., Choice Hotels International Inc. Targets will be set based on increased room count that is consistent with the relevant company’s business plan objectives and practice as at the start of the LTIP cycle. Cumulative annual cash generation over three-year performance period. 30 Threshold – Fourth ranked competitor excluding IHG (20% of NSSG element vests); Maximum – First ranked competitor excluding IHG (100% of NSSG element vests); and Vesting will be on a straight-line basis in between the two points above. This measure is subject to the achievement of a Return on Capital Employed underpin. See below for further details. 20 Threshold – US 1.91bn (20% of cash flow element vests); Absolute Total Gross Revenue (TGR) Cumulative increase over three-year performance period. 20 Maximum – US 2.54bn (100% of cash flow element vests); and Vesting will be on a straight-line basis in between the two points above. The targets for this measure are, in the opinion of the Directors, commercially sensitive, and will therefore be disclosed in full retrospectively at the end of the LTIP cycle. Disclosures in advance would give IHG’s major competitors an unfair commercial advantage, providing them with access to key financial and growth targets from IHG’s three-year plan. These competitors would not be subject to the same obligation to make such information available, as they are either unlisted or listed on a stock exchange other than the London Stock Exchange. Operation of Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) underpin The Committee has the discretion to reduce the amount of the award vesting under the net System Size growth measure by any amount, including to zero, in the event that a Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) falls below a predetermined level over the period of an LTIP cycle. The extent of reduction would be determined taking into consideration criteria including: • the reason the ROCE underpin has not been met; • the impact on other metrics, including cash flow and total gross revenue; and • the materiality of the circumstances under which the underpin has not been met. ROCE is defined as operating profit from reportable segments divided by Capital Employed. For Capital Employed, we expect to define this as Total Assets less Current Liabilities, adjusted for deferred revenue and deferred tax assets/liabilities. At the end of each cycle, the Committee will agree the appropriate capital base of the Company taking into account any short-term impacts that are not part of the long-term capital of the business. For the 2020/22 LTIP cycle, the underpin has been set at an appropriate level in order to protect shareholder interests without disincentivising the pursuit of long-term strategically advantageous return-enhancing opportunities, which could have a short-term impact on ROCE. The underpin level will be disclosed in the 2020 AGM notice and performance and vesting outcomes and any use of discretion will be fully disclosed and explained in the relevant Directors’ Remuneration Report. Why have we chosen these measures? We believe that TSR continues to be a key measure of long-term success and aligns the interests of Executive Directors with those of shareholders. A net System Size growth (NSSG) measure will remain but, reflecting our industry-leading growth ambition, this will have a relative performance target measured against our closest competitors and the weighting for this measure will increase from 20% to 30%. To balance the delivery of strong growth whilst maintaining high returns, the NSSG measure will be subject to a Return on Capital Employed underpin, as described opposite. There is no change to the 2020/22 cash flow measure to deliver consistent, sustained growth in cash flows and profits over the long term and the total gross revenue measure, which includes food and beverage income from owned and managed hotels and reflects our diverse income sources. Together, we believe these measures represent the right balance of focus on growth and quality and position our executive remuneration in line with both our long-term strategic aims and the expectations of our shareholders. How are performance targets set? Targets may be set relative to the expected outcomes of IHG’s long-range business plan and other long-term strategic objectives and may contain a performance range to incentivise outperformance and minimum performance levels to ensure that poor performance is not rewarded. The targets for the 2020/22 LTIP are set by the Committee, taking into account IHG’s long-range business plan, market expectations and the circumstances and relative performance at the time, with the aim of setting stretching achievement targets for senior executives which will reflect successful outcomes for the business based on its long-term strategic objectives. The comparator group of companies against which TSR outcomes are measured for the 2020/22 cycle comprises of the following major, globally branded competitors: Accor S.A.; Choice Hotels International Inc.; Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc; Hyatt Hotels Corporation; Marriott International Inc.; Melia Hotels International S.A.; NH Hotel Group; and Wyndham Hotels & Resorts Inc. The Committee reviews the comparator group each year and may make changes for future cycles if appropriate. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Directors’ Remuneration Policy 113 Governance Directors’ Remuneration Policy continued Alignment of remuneration policy with the 2018 Code 2018 Code provision: How the Remuneration Committee applies the principle Clarity Remuneration arrangements should be transparent and promote effective engagement with shareholders and the workforce. Through the combination of short and long-term incentive plan measures, the DR Policy is structured to support financial objectives and the strategic priorities of the business which deliver shareholder returns and long-term value creation. Further alignment with shareholder interests is driven by the significant proportion of share-based incentives and Executive Director shareholding requirements. Simplicity Remuneration structures should avoid complexity and their rationale and operation should be easy to understand. Risk Remuneration arrangements should ensure reputational and other risks from excessive rewards, and behavioural risks that can arise from target-based incentive plans, are identified and mitigated. Predictability The range of possible values of rewards to individual directors and any other limits or discretions should be identified and explained at the time of approving the policy. Proportionality The link between individual awards, the delivery of strategy and the long-term performance of the Company should be clear and outcomes should not reward poor performance. Alignment to culture Incentive schemes should drive behaviours consistent with the Company purpose, values and strategy. As shown on page 100, our reward policies are aligned and include a proportion of performance-related reward throughout the organisation, driving engagement for the whole of the workforce. We always seek to report our DR Policy and performance-related remuneration measures, targets and outcomes in a clear, transparent and balanced way, with relevant and timely communication with all of our stakeholders, including shareholders. See pages 116 to 117 for further information on how we engage with stakeholders on remuneration matters. Our remuneration structure comprises straightforward, conventional and well-understood components: • • • Fixed pay: base salary, pension and benefits that are consistent with role and location and are designed to attract and retain talent. Short-term incentive: annual performance-related bonus which incentivises and rewards the delivery of financial and non-financial strategic objectives. For senior employees, a proportion of this bonus (50% for Executive Directors) is paid in cash and the remainder deferred in shares for a period of three years. Long-term incentive: a share-based award which incentivises performance over a three-year period, based on measures which drive long-term sustainable growth and value creation. Our DR Policy contains a number of elements to ensure that it drives the right behaviours to incentivise the Executive Directors to deliver long-term sustainable growth and shareholder returns and to reward them appropriately: • • • • The maximum short and long-term incentive awards are capped as a % of salary. The Committee has clear discretion policies, linked to specific measures where necessary, to override formulaic outcomes. Executive Directors agree to clear and comprehensive malus and clawback provisions under which awards may be reduced, rescinded or claimed back. Significant shareholding requirements apply for Executive Directors, including the deferral of 50% of bonus in shares; a post-vesting holding period for LTIP shares and minimum shareholding requirements for both during and after employment. The range of possible values of rewards for Executive Directors is clearly disclosed in graphical form both at the time of approving the policy and in the annual implementation report: • • See the charts on page 112 showing the potential future reward opportunity for the Executive Directors split between fixed, target and maximum remuneration scenarios and the effect of future share price increases on the LTIP assuming share price growth of 50% over the period. See the charts on page 99 showing the minimum, target and maximum potential outcomes for the year. As shown on pages 112 and 113, individual rewards are aligned to the delivery of strategic business objectives. The Committee sets robust and stretching targets to ensure that there is a clear link between the performance of the Group and the awards made to the Executive Directors and others; and that poor performance is not rewarded. The powers of discretion set out in the DR Policy on page 111 further strengthen the Committee’s ability to ensure that award outcomes reflect business performance and context in both absolute and relative terms. As set out on pages 24 and 26, IHG has a clear purpose and well-established values and behaviours. Our Strategic Model for high-quality growth explained on page 18 and the KPIs which underpin the delivery of our strategy are shown on pages 42 to 45. Page 42 also sets out how our short and long-term incentive plans are aligned to these strategic objectives. We show on page 100 how other elements of reward, such as salary reviews and, across the wider workforce, the short-term incentive plan and our global recognition scheme reward employees for performance and actions which demonstrate our values and behaviours. 114 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Dilution of Company shares Incentive plan rules provide that issuance of new shares or re- issued treasury shares, when aggregated with all other share schemes, must not exceed 10% of issued share capital in any rolling 10-year period. Policy on payment for loss of office As per the DR Policy, Executive Directors have a notice period from the Group of 12 months. However, neither notice nor a payment in lieu of notice will be given in the event of gross misconduct. In the event of an Executive Director terminating employment, any compensation payable will be determined in accordance with the terms of their service contract and the rules of any relevant incentive plan. Where possible, the Group will seek to ensure that, if a leaver mitigates their losses, for example, by finding new employment, there will be a corresponding reduction in compensation payable for loss of office. An Executive Director may have an entitlement to compensation in respect of their statutory rights under employment protection legislation in the UK or other relevant jurisdiction. The following table sets out the basis on which payments for loss of office may be made: Remuneration component Circumstances and approach taken (including but not limited to): Salary and contractual benefits, including pension APP award for year of termination Unvested APP deferred share awards Good leaver: paid up to date of termination or in lieu of notice, if applicable. Other leaver: paid up to date of termination or in lieu of notice, if applicable. Death: paid up to date of death. Good leaver: pro-rated award for year up to date of termination, or later date in exceptional circumstances subject to Committee discretion. No accelerated payment, other than in exceptional circumstances and where permitted under the plan rules subject to Committee discretion. Award made 50% cash and 50% in shares deferred for three years from grant, other than in exceptional circumstances and where permitted under the plan rules subject to Committee discretion. Other leaver: no award for year of termination, other than in case of termination after end of performance period but before award date (in which case cash portion only of award will be paid), and in exceptional circumstances subject to Committee discretion. Death: pro-rated award for year up to date of death, paid fully in cash and accelerated, other than in exceptional circumstances subject to Committee discretion. Good leaver: vest on usual vesting date, other than in exceptional circumstances subject to Committee discretion. Other leaver: forfeited, other than in exceptional circumstances subject to Committee discretion; and in the event of a termination in connection with a takeover or reconstitution (in which case unvested APP deferred share awards will have accelerated vesting on the date of termination, unless the Committee determines otherwise). Death: accelerated vesting unless Committee decides otherwise. Unvested LTIP awards Good leaver: vest on usual vesting date to the extent that performance conditions are met, other than in exceptional circumstances subject to Committee discretion. Number of shares vesting is pro-rated to date of termination, or other date subject to Committee discretion. Other leaver: forfeited, other than in exceptional circumstances subject to Committee discretion. No shares awarded or cash paid under any circumstances in the event of termination due to gross misconduct. Death: accelerated vesting: Committee has discretion to determine number of shares vesting, taking into account proportion of performance period elapsed and extent to which performance conditions are satisfied. Good leaver status will be applied in accordance with the rules of the APP and LTIP, where applicable, and will normally include retirement with Company agreement, ill-health, the individual’s employing company or business ceasing to be part of the Group or redundancy. In the case of the LTIP rules, the Committee has discretion to apply good leaver status and, in doing so, will consider factors such as personal performance and conduct, overall Group performance and the specific circumstances of the Executive Director’s departure including, but not restricted to, whether the Executive Director is leaving by mutual agreement. The Committee would only seek to exercise this and its other discretions under the APP and LTIP plan rules in exceptional circumstances and the application of any such discretion would be disclosed in full as required in the relevant announcement and Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration. Use of discretion by the Remuneration Committee 1. Malus and clawback in incentive plans The APP and LTIP rules allow the Committee discretion to reduce the level of unvested share awards if circumstances occur that, in the reasonable opinion of the Committee, justify a reduction in one or more awards granted to any one or more participants. Malus provisions relate to unvested awards only. Clawback provisions apply to Executive Directors in respect of the APP cash awards and LTIP cycle awards from 2015/17 onwards. The provision applies for three years from the date of payment (for the APP cash award) and the date of vesting (for the LTIP award). In respect of APP awards from 2020 onwards and LTIP awards from 2020/22 onwards, the circumstances in which the Committee may consider it appropriate to exercise its discretion for malus and/or clawback are extended to include the following: • an event or series of events occurs which the Committee consider to constitute corporate failure of the Company or the Group; • there has been a material misstatement, error, or misrepresentation in the financial statements of the Group, any member of the Group, or any business unit or undertaking for which the Participant has significant responsibility (other than as a result of a change in accounting practice); • an award was granted or vests on the basis of erroneous or misleading information, assumptions or calculations; • the action or conduct of a Participant, in the reasonable opinion of the Committee, amounts to fraud or gross misconduct; • the Participant leaves office or employment by reason of summary dismissal by any member of the Group or where the Committee subsequently determines that, prior to leaving, circumstances had arisen which would have justified the Participant’s summary dismissal; • serious reputational damage or significant financial loss to the Company, any member of the Group or a relevant business unit arises as a result of the Participant’s conduct, misconduct or otherwise; or • any other triggers or circumstances occur which the Committee determines justifies the application of malus and/or clawback. This may include, where appropriate, negligence on the part of the Executive Directors. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Directors’ Remuneration Policy 115 Governance Directors’ Remuneration Policy continued These features help ensure alignment between executive reward and shareholder interests and are in line with Corporate Governance Code guidance. All Executive Directors are required to sign (electronically in respect of LTIP awards) forms of acceptance at the time of grant to indicate their acknowledgement and agreement that awards are subject to malus and clawback. 2. Other uses of discretion The Committee reserves certain discretions in relation to the outcomes for Executive Directors under the Group’s incentive plans. These operate in two main respects: • enabling the Committee to ensure that outcomes under these plans are consistent with the underlying performance of the business and the experience of shareholders, at the same time as providing a high degree of clarity for shareholders as to remuneration structure and potential quantum; and • enabling the Committee to treat leavers in a way that is fair and equitable to individuals and shareholders under the incentive plans. The discretions that can be applied in the case of leavers under the APP and LTIP are set out in the section ‘Policy on payment for loss of office’ on page 115. The discretions that can be applied in respect of the APP and LTIP in the event of corporate transactions, such as a takeover or merger, include the ability to determine: • the period for which awards may be pro-rated; • whether awards are payable as cash or shares; • the vesting date for awards and whether or not they may be accelerated; • if a transaction occurs prior to the end of a performance period, the extent to which performance conditions have been met; • in the event that a transaction involves the exchange of IHG PLC shares for shares in another company, whether existing share awards may be replaced by an appropriate proportion of shares in a new company; and • any such action as it may think appropriate if other events happen which may have an effect on awards Any exercises of discretion by the Committee will be fully disclosed and explained in the relevant year’s Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration. Approach to recruitment remuneration The remuneration of any new Executive Director will be determined in accordance with the Directors’ Remuneration Policy on pages 110 to 111 and the elements that would be considered by the Group for inclusion are: • salary and benefits, including defined contribution pension participation for a UK Executive Director; • participation in the APP with 50% cash and 50% deferred share elements: – pro-rated for the year of recruitment to reflect the proportion of the year remaining after the date of commencement of employment; and – if commencement date is after 1 October in the year, no award would normally be made for that year • participation in the LTIP: – pro-rated awards would be made in relation to LTIP cycles outstanding at the time of recruitment; but – no pro-rated award would be made for an LTIP cycle that has less than nine months to run at the date of commencement of employment. In addition, the Committee may, in its discretion, compensate a newly recruited Executive Director for incentives foregone from previous employment as a result of their resignation. The Committee would seek validation of the value of any potential incentives foregone. Awards made by way of compensation for incentives foregone would be made on a comparable basis, taking account of performance achieved (or likely to be achieved), the proportion of the performance period remaining and the form of the award. Compensation would, as far as possible, be in the form of LTIP or deferred share awards in order to immediately align a new Executive Director with IHG performance. The maximum annual level of variable remuneration that may be granted to a newly-recruited Executive Director would be in line with that of the existing Executive Directors: • APP award: 200% of salary, of which 50% of any award will be paid in cash and 50% in the form of shares deferred for three years; and • LTIP award: 350% of salary for a full LTIP cycle commencing after appointment for a CEO and 275% of salary for a full LTIP cycle commencing after appointment for other Executive Directors; plus pro-rated awards in relation to LTIP cycles outstanding at the time of recruitment (up to a further 350%/275% of salary). This excludes any remuneration that constitutes compensation for incentives foregone and providing any relocation and expatriate or international assignment costs. Consideration of shareholder views In updating the DR Policy, as explained on page 109, we undertook a comprehensive review of executive remuneration, taking into consideration how it could support the Company’s strategy and better align with shareholders’ interests. Engagement with our largest shareholders has been key to this review and the Committee chair has consulted with shareholders to develop the policy, starting in late 2018 and continuing throughout 2019. This allowed the Committee to hear and reflect on shareholder feedback while developing the policy and helped shareholders better understand our business, the competitive environment for talent and the challenges we face. We have valued this engagement with shareholders and the policy has been refined in direct response to the feedback we received. We remain committed to continuing the dialogue in the run-up to the 2020 AGM and beyond. Consideration of employment conditions elsewhere in the Group Whilst decisions on remuneration for employees outside the Executive Committee remain the responsibility of Company management, the Committee has historically reviewed pay and employment conditions beyond those of the Executive Committee and has taken this into consideration when establishing and implementing policy for Executive Directors. In line with best practice under the revised Corporate Governance Code, the Committee has set out a schedule of rolling reviews of wider workforce remuneration and related policies to ensure the alignment of incentives and rewards with the Company’s strategy and culture; and to take these into account when setting the policy for Executive Director remuneration. Over the past year, the Committee has looked at the Company’s reward philosophy and alignment of pay with culture, values and behaviours; and salary and incentives policies and practice, including how reward practices are aligned across all levels of the organisation. This has shown a consistent approach to reward and has informed the Committee’s views on the structure and approach to executive pay. For example, as set out on page 96, there are concerns relating to pay compression at senior levels in the Group, which is part of the reason for addressing Executive Director quantum in the DR Policy; but it remains the Committee’s view that Executive Director remuneration should be subject to robust and stretching performance conditions supported by strong shareholding and governance requirements. 116 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Feedback from employee surveys provide views on a range of employee matters including pay. Throughout the Group, base salary and benefit levels are set in accordance with prevailing market conditions, policies, practice and relevant regulations in the countries in which employees are based. Differences between Executive Director pay policy and that of other employees reflect the position and responsibilities of the individuals, as well as corporate governance practices in respect of Executive Director remuneration. As set out on page 100, a key difference in policy for Executive Directors and other senior management is that a greater proportion of total remuneration is delivered as performance-based incentives. The Company’s approach to wider workforce engagement under the Corporate Governance Code is set out on page 32 and 33. Service contracts and notice periods for Executive Directors The Committee’s policy is for all Executive Directors to have rolling service contracts with a notice period of 12 months. All new appointments will have 12-month notice periods, unless, on an exceptional basis to complete an external recruitment successfully, a longer initial notice period reducing to 12 months is used. This is in accordance with the UK Corporate Governance Code. All Executive Directors’ appointments and subsequent re- appointments are subject to election and annual re-election by shareholders at the AGM. Details of current Executive Directors’ contracts: Executive Director Date of original appointmenta Keith Barr 1 July 2017 Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson 1 January 2014 Elie Maalouf 1 January 2018 a To the Board. Notice period 12 months 12 months 12 months Non-executive directorships of other companies The Group recognises that its Executive Directors may be invited to become Non-Executive Directors of other companies and that such duties can broaden their experience and knowledge and benefit the Group. IHG therefore permits its Executive Directors to accept one non-executive appointment (in addition to any positions where the Director is appointed as the Group’s representative), subject to Board approval and as long as this is not, in the reasonable opinion of the Board, likely to lead to a conflict of interest. Any fees from such appointments may be retained by the individual Executive Director. Remuneration Policy for Non-Executive Directors The policy for Non-Executive Directors, set out below, will apply for three years from the date of the 2020 AGM. The policy for Non-Executive Directors is available to view at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate Governance in the Committees’ section. If any changes are made to the Policy within that time frame, it will be presented to be voted upon by shareholders. Non-Executive Directors are not eligible to participate in the APP, LTIP nor any IHG pension plan. Fees and benefits 100% cash No change in policy Link to strategy Operation • To attract Non-Executive Directors who have a broad range of skills and experience that add value to our business and help oversee and drive our strategy. • Recognises the value of the role and the individual’s skill, performance and experience. • Non-Executive Directors’ fees and benefits are set by the Chairman of the Board and Executive Directors; the Chairman’s fees are set by the Committee. • Fees are reviewed annually and fixed for 12 months from 1 January. • Consideration is given to business performance, current remuneration competitiveness and average salary increases for the wider IHG employee population. • Benefits include travel and accommodation in connection with attendance at Board and Committee meetings. • Non-Executive Directors are not eligible to participate in IHG incentive or pension plans. • A single fee is determined for each Non- Executive Director role rather than different elements being applied to directorship, or additional services such as Committee and Chair roles. Maximum opportunity • Fee increases will be in line with median FTSE 100 increases, taking into account the circumstances of the business and increases in remuneration across the Group, other than where there is a change in role or responsibility or another need arises to reassess the competitiveness of fee level that warrants either a lesser or a more significant increase. Any such change will be fully explained. • IHG pays the cost of providing benefits as required. Performance framework • Non-Executive Directors are not eligible to participate in any performance-related incentive plans. Details of letters of appointment and notice periods for Non- Executive Directors Non-Executive Directors have letters of appointment, which are available upon request from the Company Secretary’s office. Patrick Cescau, appointed Non-Executive Chairman on 1 January 2013, is subject to 12 months’ notice. Other Non-Executive Directors are not subject to notice periods. All Non-Executive Directors’ appointments and subsequent re-appointments are subject to election and annual re-election by shareholders at the AGM. Details of Committee memberships and appointment dates are shown on page 79. Jo Harlow Chair of the Remuneration Committee 17 February 2020 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Governance | Directors’ Remuneration Policy 117 Group Financial Statements Holiday Inn Express Foshan Chancheng, China 118 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Group Financial Statements Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities Independent Auditor’s UK Report Independent Auditor’s US Report 120 121 128 132 Group Financial Statements 132 Group income statement 133 134 Group statement of changes in equity 137 Group statement of financial position 138 Group statement of cash flows 139 Accounting policies 146 New accounting standards and other Group statement of comprehensive income presentational changes 150 Notes to the Group Financial Statements IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements 119 Group Financial Statements Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities Financial Statements and accounting records The Directors are required to prepare financial statements for the Company and the Group at the end of each financial year in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. Under company law directors must not approve the Financial Statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and the profit or loss of the Group for that period. In preparing these Financial Statements, IHG Directors are required to: Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Group, as defined in Rule 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS. • Select suitable accounting policies and apply them consistently; • Make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable; • State whether the Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), for use in the EU and Article 4 of the EU IAS Regulation; • State for the Company Financial Statements whether applicable UK accounting standards have been followed; and • Prepare the Financial Statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company and the Group will continue in business. The Directors have responsibility for ensuring that the Group keeps proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy the financial position of the Group and the Company to enable them to ensure that the Financial Statements comply with the Companies Act 2006 and, as regards the Consolidated Financial Statements, Article 4 of the EU IAS Regulation. The Directors are also responsible for the system of internal control, for safeguarding the assets of the Group and the Company, and taking reasonable steps to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities. Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules The Board confirms that to the best of its knowledge: • The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and IFRS as adopted by the EU, and give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Group taken as a whole; and • The Annual Report, including the Strategic Report, includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Group taken as a whole, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties that it faces. UK Corporate Governance Code Having taken advice from the Audit Committee, the Board considers that this Annual Report and Form 20-F, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and that it provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company’s position and performance, business model and strategy. Disclosure of information to Auditor The Directors who held office as at the date of approval of this report confirm that they have taken steps to make themselves aware of relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418(3) of the Companies Act 2006). None of the Directors are aware of any relevant audit information which has not been disclosed to the Company’s Auditor. The Group’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that: • Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the Group’s transactions and dispositions of assets; • Are designed to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of the Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and IFRS as adopted by the EU, and that receipts and expenditure are being made only in accordance with authorisation of management and the Directors of the Company; and • Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorised acquisition, use or disposition of the Group’s assets that could have a material effect on the Financial Statements. Any internal control framework has inherent limitations and internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management has undertaken an assessment of the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting at 31 December 2019 based on criteria established in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) (the COSO criteria). Based on this assessment, management has concluded that as at 31 December 2019 the Group’s internal control over financial reporting was effective. During the period covered by this document there were no changes in the Group’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the effectiveness of the internal controls over financial reporting. The Group’s internal control over financial reporting at 31 December 2019, together with the Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements, were audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Their report on internal control over financial reporting can be found on page 131. For and on behalf of the Board Keith Barr Chief Executive Officer 17 February 2020 Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson Chief Financial Officer 17 February 2020 120 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Independent Auditor’s UK Report Independent Auditor’s Report to the members of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Our opinion on the Financial Statements In our opinion: • InterContinental Hotels Group PLC’s Group Financial Statements and Parent Company Financial Statements (the “Financial Statements”) give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the Parent Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2019 and of the Group’s profit for the year then ended; • the Group Financial Statements have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union; • the Parent Company Financial Statements have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice, including FRS 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’; and • the Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006, and, as regards the Group Financial Statements, Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. Basis for opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Statements section of our report below. We are independent of the Group and Parent Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the Financial Statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed public interest entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Conclusions relating to principal risks, going concern and viability statement We have nothing to report in respect of the following information in the annual report, in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to report to you whether we have anything material to add or draw attention to: What we have audited InterContinental Hotels Group PLC’s (IHG’s, the Group’s) Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2019 comprise: • the disclosures in the annual report set out on pages 48 to 54 that describe the principal risks and explain how they are being managed or mitigated; Group Company Group income statement Parent Company statement of financial position Group statement of comprehensive income Parent Company statement of changes in equity Group statement of changes in equity Related notes 1 to 12 to the Parent Company Financial Statements Group statement of financial position Group statement of cash flows Related notes 1 to 34 to the Group Financial Statements and accounting policies, new accounting standards and presentational changes and standards issued but not yet effective. • the directors’ confirmation set out on page 95 in the annual report that they have carried out a robust assessment of the principal risks facing the entity, including those that would threaten its business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity; • the directors’ statement set out on page 95 in the Financial Statements about whether they considered it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing them, and their identification of any material uncertainties to the entity’s ability to continue to do so over a period of at least twelve months from the date of approval of the Financial Statements; • whether the directors’ statement in relation to going concern required under the Listing Rules in accordance with Listing Rule 9.8.6R(3) is materially inconsistent with our knowledge obtained in the audit; or The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the Group Financial Statements is applicable law and IFRSs as adopted by the European Union. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the Parent Company Financial Statements is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’ (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). • the directors’ explanation set out on page 54 in the annual report as to how they have assessed the prospects of the entity, over what period they have done so and why they consider that period to be appropriate, and their statement as to whether they have a reasonable expectation that the entity will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over the period of their assessment, including any related disclosures drawing attention to any necessary qualifications or assumptions. Overview of our audit approach Key audit matters • Accounting for revenue related to the IHG Rewards Club (“IHGRC”) loyalty programme • Allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund • Impairment assessments of the Kimpton management contracts and the UK portfolio goodwill and right-of-use asset • Accounting for the acquisition of Six Senses Hotels Resorts Spas (“Six Senses”) Audit scope • We performed a full scope audit of 18 components and specific audit procedures for a further 35 components. • For 16 full scope components audit procedures were performed by a combination of the Primary Team and one or more of the three component audit teams. • The components where we performed full or specific audit procedures accounted for 91% of profit before tax adjusted for pre-tax exceptional items and the System Fund and 92% of revenue. Materiality • Overall Group materiality of $36 million was applied which represents 5% of profit before tax adjusted for pre-tax exceptional items and the System Fund. We considered it appropriate to maintain our planning materiality rather than increasing it to $37 million based on the final reported results. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Independent Auditor’s UK Report 121 Group Financial Statements Independent Auditor’s UK Report continued Key audit matters Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the Financial Statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These matters included those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the Group Financial Statements as a whole, and in our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. Key observations communicated to the Audit Committee The deferred revenue balance and the recognition of revenue related to the IHGRC loyalty programme is within an acceptable range. The sensitivity disclosure provided in the critical accounting policies and use of judgements, estimates and assumptions on page 139 of the Group Financial Statements is appropriate. Risk direction Our response to the risk We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to the Group’s process for determining the ultimate consumption rate. For example, we tested controls over management’s review and approval of the external actuary’s report. To test the deferred revenue balance and the recognition of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme, our audit procedures included, amongst others: • testing the clerical accuracy and significant inputs into the model used by management to determine the IHGRC loyalty programme revenues; • testing the data used by management’s external actuary in their modelling to derive the ultimate consumption rate, notably by reconciling the input data with the Group’s underlying systems and records; • considering the professional qualifications and objectivity of management’s external actuary and inspecting their reports to identify corroborating or contradictory evidence to the ultimate consumption rate; • involving actuarial specialists as part of our team to assist in assessing the appropriateness of the methodology, data and assumptions used to determine the ultimate consumption rate applied by management and calculating an independent estimate of an acceptable range of outcomes, which we compared to management’s estimate; and • performing sensitivity analysis on the ultimate consumption rate to evaluate changes in the deferred revenue balance and the recognition of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme. In addressing this key audit matter, audit procedures were performed by the Primary Team. Risk Accounting for revenue related to the IHG Rewards Club (“IHGRC”) loyalty programme Refer to the Audit Committee Report (page 89); critical accounting policies and the use of judgements, estimates and assumptions (page 139); and notes 3 and 33 of the Group Financial Statements (pages 155 and 198). As of 31 December 2019, the Group had deferred revenue of $1,233 million (2018: $1,181 million) and for the year ended 31 December 2019, recognised $337 million (2018: $254 million) of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme. As more fully described in the accounting policies to the Group Financial Statements, the Group recognises deferred revenue in an amount that reflects its unsatisfied performance obligations. The Group has determined the related performance obligation is satisfied, and therefore revenue is recognised, in the period in which the IHGRC member consumes the loyalty points either at a participating hotel or by selecting a reward from a third party. Deferred revenue and revenue recognised in the period are valued at the estimated standalone selling price of the future benefit to the IHGRC members. Consideration for loyalty points earned by IHGRC members, or sold under co-branding arrangements, are received in the period in which the points are issued. The Group engages an external actuary to assist in estimating the future consumption rate of points earned by the members of the IHGRC loyalty programme (the “ultimate consumption rate”), also referred to as “breakage” being the estimation of the number of points that will never be consumed. Auditing the deferred revenue balance and recognition of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme was challenging due to: • the complexity and high volume of input data in the model used to determine the deferred revenues; • the judgement involved in estimating the ultimate consumption rate, which is the key assumption in determining the deferred revenue balance and the recognition of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme; and • the sensitivity to changes in the ultimate consumption rate to the deferred revenue balance and the recognition of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme. Significant estimation uncertainty exists in projecting future IHGRC members’ spending and consumption activity as the estimate is forward looking. 122 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Key observations communicated to the Audit Committee The System Fund revenues and expenses have been allocated in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association. Risk direction Our response to the risk We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to the Group’s process for allocating revenues and expenses to the System Fund. For example, we tested controls over management’s review and approval of changes to the allocation methodology. To test the allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund, our audit procedures included, amongst others: • assessing management’s allocation methodology, by testing System Fund revenue and expense transactions to evaluate the appropriate classification in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association and forming an independent assessment of the revenues and expenses related to the System Fund; • testing whether any changes made to the allocation methodology were in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association; • performing analytical procedures over the System Fund revenues and expenses to identify unusual trends in the classification of revenues and expenses; and • testing manual journal entries made to System Fund revenues and expenses to evaluate the appropriateness in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association. In addressing this key audit matter, audit procedures were performed by the component audit team in the United States under our supervision. We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to management’s assessments of impairment. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of cash flow forecasts, valuation models and approval of impairment assessments. To test management’s impairment assessments, our audit procedures included, amongst others: • evaluating the appropriateness of the methodology, assumptions and estimates used in the impairment assessments; • involving valuation specialists as part of our team to assist in testing the key valuation assumptions, including the discount rates used with reference to external data and to calculate an independent estimate of an acceptable range; • assessing the reasonableness of the cash flow forecasts by comparison to current industry, market and economic trends, where applicable, and the Group’s historical data; • assessing the accuracy of significant assumptions used by management in previous periods by comparing forecasts with actual results; • specifically for the Kimpton management contracts, evaluating the rate of assumed hotel exits applied to the cash flow forecasts; • testing the clerical accuracy of the impairment models used by management in their assessment; and • evaluating the disclosures provided in note 13 of the Group Financial Statements and the classification of the impairment charge as an exceptional item. In addressing this key audit matter, audit procedures were performed by the Primary Team. The net book value of the Kimpton management contracts and the UK portfolio goodwill and right-of-use asset are supportable. The impairment charges recognised as exceptional items in the Group income statement are in accordance with the Group’s disclosed accounting policy for exceptional items and consistent with the requirements of IAS 1 – Presentation of Financial Statements. The disclosures provided in note 13 and the sensitivities provided on pages 139 to 140 of the Group Financial Statements are in accordance with IAS 36 – Impairment of Assets. Risk Allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund Refer to the Strategic Report (page 11); the Audit Committee Report (page 89); and the accounting policies (page 144) and note 33 of the Group Financial Statements (page 198). For the year ended 31 December 2019, the Group recognised $1,373 million (2018: $1,233 million) of System Fund revenues and $1,422 million (2018: $1,379 million) of System Fund expenses. As more fully described in the accounting policies to the Group Financial Statements, the Group operates a System Fund which collects contributions from hotel owners for the specific purpose of the use in marketing, the guest reservation systems and the loyalty programme in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association. Auditing the allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund was complex due to: • the considerations involved in evaluating that the allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund by management was in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association; and • the System Fund revenues and expenses being included within IHG’s income statement but eliminated from IHG’s operating profit from reportable segments which is a key performance measure used by management. Impairment assessments of the Kimpton management contracts and the UK portfolio goodwill and right-of-use asset Refer to the Audit Committee Report (page 89); critical accounting policies and the use of judgements, estimates and assumptions (pages 139 to 140); and note 13 of the Group Financial Statements (page 170). At 31 December 2019, the net book value of the Kimpton management contracts was $10 million (2018: $61 million) and the UK portfolio goodwill and right-of-use asset was $nil and $24 million, respectively. For the year ended 31 December 2019, impairment charges of $50 million (2018: $nil), $49 million and $32 million were recorded as exceptional items in the Group income statement in relation to the Kimpton management contracts, the UK portfolio goodwill and right-of-use asset, respectively. As more fully described in the accounting policies to the Group Financial Statements and disclosed in note 13, the Group tests intangible assets for impairment, in accordance with IAS 36 – Impairment of Assets, using valuation techniques involving judgements, estimates and assumptions. Auditing the impairment assessments performed by management was challenging due to the judgement involved in determining the recoverable amount of the Kimpton management contracts (including key money) and the UK portfolio goodwill and right-of- use asset. The significant assumptions used to estimate the recoverable amounts of the Kimpton management contracts and the UK portfolio goodwill included discount rates and certain assumptions that form the basis of the cash flow forecasts (e.g. revenue growth rates and gross operating profit). These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Independent Auditor’s UK Report 123 Group Financial Statements Independent Auditor’s UK Report continued In addition to the risks identified as part of our audit planning, the Group undertook the following material non-routine transactions in the year which affected the allocation of resources and the direction of our audit efforts and for which our audit response was as follows: Risk Accounting for the acquisition of Six Senses Hotels Resorts Spas (“Six Senses”) Refer to the Audit Committee Report (page 89); and note 11 of the Group Financial Statements (page 165). On 12 February 2019, the Group completed the acquisition of Six Senses for total consideration of $304 million, as disclosed in note 11 of the Group Financial Statements. The transaction was accounted for as a business combination. Auditing the acquisition of Six Senses was challenging due to the judgement involved in determining the fair value of the acquired intangible assets, being the brand and management contracts of $189 million and $45 million, respectively. The significant assumptions used to estimate the value of the intangible assets included discount rates and certain assumptions that form the basis of the cash flow forecasts (e.g. royalty rate and the long-term growth rate). These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. Key observations communicated to the Audit Committee The fair value of the intangible assets recognised in relation to the Six Senses acquisition and the disclosures provided in note 11 on page 165 of the Group Financial Statements are appropriate and in accordance with IFRS 3 – Business Combinations. Risk direction Our response to the risk We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to the Group’s process over the acquisition accounting and the valuation of intangible assets acquired. For example, we tested controls over management’s review and approval of the external valuation report and the underlying assumptions used in the report. To test the estimated fair value of the intangible assets, our audit procedures included, amongst others: • evaluating the Group’s use of the valuation methodology and testing the significant assumptions used in the valuation, including the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data; • involving valuation specialists as part of our team to assist in our evaluation of the valuation methodology and significant assumptions, including the discount rates, royalty rate and long-term growth rate used by management and to calculate an independent estimate of an acceptable range of the Six Senses brand and management contracts valuations. For example, we compared the significant assumptions that form the basis of the cash flow forecasts to current industry, market and economic trends and to the assumptions used to value similar assets in other acquisitions; • testing the clerical accuracy of the calculation performed by management in determining the fair value of intangible assets; and • evaluating the disclosures provided in note 11 to the Group Financial Statements. In addressing this key audit matter, audit procedures were performed by the Primary Team. “The carrying value of the Kimpton assets and the investment in the Barclay associate” was included last year as a key audit matter. The likelihood and magnitude of a potential impairment of the investment in the Barclay associate is unlikely to be material and therefore the risk is no longer considered to be at a higher level. “Presentation of reorganisation costs in the Group income statement” was included last year as a key audit matter due to the allocation of resources and our audit efforts in response to the material amount of reorganisation costs incurred in the year. The allocation of resources and audit efforts has been less significant in 2019 as the amount of reorganisation costs incurred has reduced. We no longer consider the reorganisation costs to be a key audit matter. “Acquisition accounting for the Regent and UK portfolio transactions” was included last year as a key audit matter. As the acquisitions did not occur in 2019 the transactions are no longer considered key audit matters. The scope of our audit Tailoring the scope Our assessment of audit risk, our evaluation of materiality and our allocation of performance materiality determine our audit scope for each entity within the Group. Taken together, this enables us to form an opinion on the Group Financial Statements. We take into account size, risk profile, the organisation of the Group and effectiveness of group-wide controls, changes in the business environment and other factors such as Global Internal Audit’s results when assessing the level of work to be performed at each entity. In assessing the risk of material misstatement to the Group Financial Statements, and to ensure we had adequate quantitative coverage of significant accounts in the Group Financial Statements, we selected 53 components which represent the principal business units within the Group. Of the 53 components selected, we performed an audit of the complete financial information of 18 components (‘full scope components’) which were selected based on their size or risk characteristics. For 16 full scope components, procedures were performed by a combination of the Primary Team and one or more of the three component audit teams. For the remaining 35 components (‘specific scope components’), we performed audit procedures on specific accounts within that component that we considered had the potential for the greatest impact on the significant accounts in the Group Financial Statements either because of the size of these accounts or their risk profile. 124 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 The table below illustrates the coverage obtained from the work performed by our audit teams. Full scope Specific scope Full and specific scope coverage Remaining components Total See note Number % profit before tax adjusted for pre-tax exceptional items and the System Fund % revenue % profit before tax adjusted for pre-tax exceptional items and the System Fund Number 2019 18 35 53 1 2 3 78 13 91 9 61 31 92 8 22 28 50 79 15 94 6 2018 % revenue 63 29 92 8 100 100 100 100 Notes 1 The Group audit risks included in the tables on pages 122 to 124 were subject to full audit procedures. 2 The audit scope of these components may not have included testing of all significant accounts of the component but will have contributed to the coverage of significant accounts tested for the Group. 3 Of the remaining components that together represent 9% of the Group’s profit before tax adjusted for pre-tax exceptional items and the System Fund, and 8% of the Group’s revenue; none are individually greater than 2% of the Group’s profit before tax adjusted for pre-tax exceptional items and the System Fund or greater than 1% of the Group’s revenue. We performed specified procedures over System Fund revenue for two components (2018: two). For three (2018: two) components, including the component acquired in the year, we performed review scope procedures. For the remaining components, we performed other procedures, including analytical review at both regional levels and at owned hotels, inquiry of management, and testing of journals across the Group to respond to potential risks of material misstatement to the Group Financial Statements. Involvement with component teams In establishing our overall approach to the Group audit, we determined the type of work that needed to be undertaken at each of the components by us, as the Primary Team, or by component auditors from other EY global network firms operating under our instruction. Of the 18 full scope components, audit procedures were performed on two of these directly by the Primary Team and 16 by a combination of the Primary Team and one or more of the three component audit teams. For the 35 specific scope components, audit procedures were performed on six of these directly by the Primary Team and 29 by the three component audit teams. We determined the appropriate level of involvement to enable us to determine that sufficient audit evidence had been obtained as a basis for our opinion on the Group as a whole. The Primary Team continued to follow a programme of planned visits that has been designed to ensure that the Senior Statutory Auditor, or her delegate, visits each of the key locations at both the interim and year-end stages of the audit process. During the current year’s audit cycle, visits were undertaken, at least twice, by the Primary Team to the three component teams at key locations in the United States, United Kingdom and India. These visits involved discussing the audit approach with the component team and any issues arising from their work, meeting with local management, and reviewing key audit working papers on the Group’s risk areas. The Primary Team interacted regularly with the component teams, during various stages of the audit, reviewed key working papers and were responsible for the scope and direction of the audit process. This, together with the additional procedures performed at Group level, gave us appropriate evidence for our opinion on the Group Financial Statements. Our application of materiality We apply the concept of materiality in planning and performing the audit, in evaluating the effect of identified misstatements on the audit and in forming our audit opinion. Materiality The magnitude of an omission or misstatement that, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of the users of the Group Financial Statements. Materiality provides a basis for determining the nature and extent of our audit procedures. We determined materiality for the Group to be $36 million (2018: $35 million), which is 5% of profit before tax adjusted for pre-tax exceptional items and the System Fund (2018: 5% of profit before tax adjusted for pre-tax exceptional items and the System Fund). We believe profit before tax adjusted for pre-tax exceptional items and the System Fund is the most relevant performance measure to the stakeholders of the entity, as IHG’s management and investors monitor performance with this as a key metric. Detailed audit procedures are performed on material exceptional items and the System Fund. Starting basis • Profit before tax of $542 million Adjustments • Adjust for pre-tax exceptional items of $148 million and the System Fund result of $49 million to determine adjusted profit before tax Materiality • Totals $739 million (materiality basis) • Materiality maintained at planning level at $36 million (versus $37 million based on 5% of final reported results) During the course of our audit, we reassessed initial materiality and the actual profit before tax adjusted for pre-tax exceptional items and the System Fund was higher than the Group’s initial estimates used at planning. However, due to the status of our procedures we did not change our materiality assessment to reflect this. We determined materiality for the Parent Company to be £14 million (2018: £19 million), which is 1% (2018: 1%) of equity. Performance materiality The application of materiality at the individual account or balance level. It is set at an amount to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatements exceeds materiality. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Independent Auditor’s UK Report 125 Group Financial Statements Independent Auditor’s UK Report continued On the basis of our risk assessments, together with our assessment of the Group’s overall control environment, our judgement was that performance materiality was 75% (2018: 75%) of our planning materiality, namely $27 million (2018: $27 million). We have set performance materiality at this percentage to ensure the total uncorrected and undetected audit differences in all accounts did not exceed our materiality. Audit work at component locations for the purpose of obtaining audit coverage over significant financial statement accounts is undertaken based on a percentage of total performance materiality. The performance materiality set for each component is based on the relative scale and risk of the component to the Group as a whole and our assessment of the risk of misstatement at that component. In the current year, the range of performance materiality allocated to components was $2 million to $27 million (2018: $2 million to $27 million). Reporting threshold An amount below which identified misstatements are considered as being clearly trivial. • Audit Committee reporting set out on pages 88 to 91 – the section describing the work of the audit committee does not appropriately address matters communicated by us to the audit committee; or • Directors’ statement of compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code set out on pages 94 and 95 – the parts of the directors’ statement required under the Listing Rules relating to the Company’s compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code containing provisions specified for review by the auditor in accordance with Listing Rule 9.8.10R (2) do not properly disclose a departure from a relevant provision of the UK Corporate Governance Code. Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 In our opinion, the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited has been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006. In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them all uncorrected audit differences in excess of $1.8 million (2018: $1.8 million), which is set at 5% of planning materiality, as well as differences below that threshold that, in our view, warranted reporting on qualitative grounds. • the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the Financial Statements; and • the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. Matters on which we are required to report by exception In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the Parent Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: • adequate accounting records have not been kept by the Parent Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or • the Parent Company Financial Statements and the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or • certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or • we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. Responsibilities of directors As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 120, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the Financial Statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of Financial Statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the Financial Statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group and Parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the Parent Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. We evaluate any uncorrected misstatements against both the quantitative measures of materiality discussed above and in light of other relevant qualitative considerations in forming our opinion. Other information The other information comprises the information included in the annual report and accounts set out on pages 2 to 117 and pages 212 to 252, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s reports thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information. Our opinion on the Financial Statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in this report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the Financial Statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the Group Financial Statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the Financial Statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of the other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. In this context, we also have nothing to report in regard to our responsibility to specifically address the following items in the other information and to report as uncorrected material misstatements of the other information where we conclude that those items meet the following conditions: • Fair, balanced and understandable set out on page 120 – the statement given by the directors that they consider the annual report and Financial Statements taken as a whole is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Group’s performance, business model and strategy, is materially inconsistent with our knowledge obtained in the audit; or 126 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Financial Statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these Financial Statements. Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud The objectives of our audit, in respect to fraud, are; to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the Financial Statements due to fraud; to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement due to fraud, through designing and implementing appropriate responses; and to respond appropriately to fraud or suspected fraud identified during the audit. However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both those charged with governance of the entity and management. Our approach was as follows: • We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that are applicable to the Group and determined that the most significant frameworks which are directly relevant to specific assertions in the Financial Statements are those that relate to the reporting framework (IFRS, FRS 101, the Companies Act 2006 and UK Corporate Governance Code) and the relevant tax compliance regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Group operates. In addition, we concluded there are certain significant laws and regulations which may have an effect on the determination of the amounts and disclosures in the Financial Statements, being the Listing Rules of the UK Listing Authority and those laws and regulations relating to health and safety and employee matters. • We understood how the Group is complying with those frameworks by making enquiries of management, internal audit, those responsible for legal and compliance procedures and the company secretary. We corroborated our enquiries through our review of board minutes, papers provided to the Audit Committee and correspondence received from regulatory bodies. • We assessed the susceptibility of the Financial Statements to material misstatement, including how fraud might occur, by meeting with management from various parts of the business to understand where management considered there was susceptibility to fraud. We also considered performance targets and their influence on efforts made by management to manage earnings or influence the perceptions of analysts. We considered the programs and controls that the Group has established to address risks identified, or that otherwise prevent, deter and detect fraud; and how senior management monitors those programs and controls. Where the risk was considered to be higher, we performed audit procedures to address each identified fraud risk. These procedures included testing the allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund and manual journals and were designed to provide reasonable assurance that the Financial Statements were free from fraud or error. • Based on this understanding we designed our audit procedures to identify non-compliance with such laws and regulations identified in the paragraphs above. Our procedures involved: journal entry testing, with a focus on manual consolidation journals and journals indicating large or unusual transactions based on our understanding of the business; enquiries of legal counsel, group management, internal audit, divisional management and all full and specific scope management; and focused testing, as referred to in the key audit matters section above. A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the Group Financial Statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report. Other matters we are required to address • We were appointed by the Company on 2 May 2019 to audit the Group Financial Statements for the year ending 31 December 2019 and subsequent financial periods. • We have served as auditors since the Company’s listing in April 2003 and the period of total uninterrupted engagement, including previous renewals and reappointments with the Group’s predecessor businesses, is at least 32 years since 1988. • The non-audit services prohibited by the FRC’s Ethical Standard were not provided to the Group or the Parent Company and we remain independent of the Group and the Parent Company in conducting the audit. • The audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the Audit Committee. Use of our report This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. Sarah Kokot (Senior Statutory Auditor) for and on behalf of Ernst & Young LLP, Statutory Auditor London 17 February 2020 The maintenance and integrity of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC web site is the responsibility of the directors; the work carried out by the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors accept no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the financial statements since they were initially presented on the web site. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Independent Auditor’s UK Report 127 Group Financial Statements Independent Auditor’s US Report Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying Group statement of financial position of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (“the Group”) as of 31 December 2019 and 2018, the related Group statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended 31 December 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “Group Financial Statements”). In our opinion, the Group Financial Statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Group at 31 December 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended 31 December 2019, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Group’s internal control over financial reporting as of 31 December 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control- Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated 17 February 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Adoption of New Accounting Standard As discussed in the new accounting standards and presentational changes note to the Group Financial Statements, the Group changed its method of accounting for leases due to the adoption of IFRS 16 – Leases, effective 1 January 2019 under the full retrospective method. Basis for Opinion These Group Financial Statements are the responsibility of the Group’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group’s Financial Statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Group in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Group Financial Statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the Group Financial Statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the Group Financial Statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the Group Financial Statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated are matters arising from the current period audit of the Group Financial Statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the Audit Committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the Group Financial Statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgements. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the Group Financial Statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. 128 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Critical Audit Matter Description of the Matter How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit Accounting for revenue related to the IHG Rewards Club (“IHGRC”) loyalty programme Allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund As of 31 December 2019, the Group had deferred revenue of $1,233 million and for the year ended 31 December 2019, recognised $337 million of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme. As more fully described in the accounting policies (critical accounting policies and the use of judgements, estimates and assumptions) and notes 3 and 33 of the Group Financial Statements, the Group recognises deferred revenue in an amount that reflects its unsatisfied performance obligations. The Group has determined the related performance obligation is satisfied, and therefore revenue is recognised, in the period in which the IHGRC member consumes the loyalty points either at a participating hotel or by selecting a reward from a third party. Deferred revenue and revenue recognised in the period are valued at the estimated standalone selling price of the future benefit to the IHGRC members. Consideration for loyalty points earned by IHGRC members, or sold under co-branding arrangements, are received in the period in which the points are issued. The Group engages an external actuary who uses statistical formulae to assist in estimating the future consumption rate of points earned by the members of the IHGRC loyalty programme (the “ultimate consumption rate”), also referred to as “breakage” being the estimation of the number of points that will never be consumed. Auditing the deferred revenue balance and recognition of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme was challenging due to: (i) the complexity and high volume of input data in the model used to determine the deferred revenues, (ii) the judgement involved in estimating the ultimate consumption rate, which is the key assumption in determining the deferred revenue balance and the recognition of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme, and (iii) the sensitivity to changes in the ultimate consumption rate to the deferred revenue balance and the recognition of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme. Significant estimation uncertainty exists in projecting future IHGRC members’ spending and consumption activity as the estimate is forward looking. For the year ended 31 December 2019, the Group recognised $1,373 million of System Fund revenues and $1,422 million of System Fund expenses. As more fully described in the accounting policies (revenue recognition) and note 33 of the Group Financial Statements, the Group operates a System Fund which collects contributions from hotel owners for the specific purpose of the use in marketing, the guest reservation systems and the loyalty programme in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association. Auditing the allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund was complex due to (i) the considerations involved in evaluating that the allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund by management was in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association and (ii) the System Fund revenues and expenses being included within IHG’s income statement but eliminated from IHG’s operating profit from reportable segments which is a key performance measure used by management. We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to the Group’s process for determining the ultimate consumption rate. For example, we tested controls over management’s review and approval of the external actuary’s report. To test the deferred revenue balance and the recognition of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme, our audit procedures included, amongst others, testing the clerical accuracy and significant inputs into the model used by management to determine the IHGRC loyalty programme revenues. We tested the data used by management’s external actuary in their modelling to derive the ultimate consumption rate, notably by reconciling the input data with the Group’s underlying systems and records. We considered the professional qualifications and objectivity of management’s external actuary and inspected their reports to identify corroborating or contradictory evidence to the ultimate consumption rate. We involved actuarial specialists as part of our team to assist in assessing the appropriateness of the methodology, data and assumptions used to determine the ultimate consumption rate applied by management and to calculate an independent estimate of an acceptable range of outcomes, which we compared to management’s estimate. We performed sensitivity analysis on the ultimate consumption rate to evaluate changes in the deferred revenue balance and the recognition of revenue associated with the IHGRC loyalty programme. We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to the Group’s process for allocating revenues and expenses to the System Fund. For example, we tested controls over management’s review and approval of changes to the allocation methodology. To test the allocation of revenues and expenses to the System Fund, our audit procedures included, amongst others, assessing management’s allocation methodology, by testing System Fund revenue and expense transactions to evaluate the appropriate classification in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association and forming an independent assessment of the revenues and expenses related to the System Fund. We tested whether any changes made to the allocation methodology were in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association. We performed analytical procedures over the System Fund revenues and expenses to identify unusual trends in the classification of revenues and expenses. We tested manual journal entries made to System Fund revenues and expenses to evaluate the appropriateness in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Independent Auditor’s US Report 129 Group Financial Statements Independent Auditor’s US Report continued Critical Audit Matter Description of the Matter How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to management’s assessments of impairment. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of cash flow forecasts, valuation models and approval of impairment assessments. To test management’s impairment assessments, our audit procedures included, amongst others, evaluating the appropriateness of the methodology, assumptions and estimates used in the impairment assessments. We involved valuation specialists as part of our team to assist in testing the key valuation assumptions, including the discount rates used with reference to external data and to calculate an independent estimate of an acceptable range. We assessed the reasonableness of the cash flow forecasts by comparison to current industry, market and economic trends, where applicable, and the Group’s historical data. In addition, we assessed the accuracy of significant assumptions used by management in previous periods by comparing forecasts with actual results. Specifically, for the Kimpton management contracts we evaluated the rate of assumed hotel exits applied to the cash flow forecasts. We tested the clerical accuracy of the impairment models used by management in their assessment. In addition, we evaluated the disclosures provided in note 13 of the Group Financial Statements and the classification of the impairment charge as an exceptional item. Impairment assessments of the Kimpton management contracts and the UK portfolio goodwill and right-of-use asset At 31 December 2019, the net book value of the Kimpton management contracts was $10 million and the UK portfolio goodwill and right-of-use asset was $nil and $24 million, respectively. For the year ended 31 December 2019, impairment charges of $50 million, $49 million and $32 million were recorded as exceptional items in the Group income statement in relation to the Kimpton management contracts, the UK portfolio goodwill and right-of-use asset, respectively. As more fully described in the accounting policies (critical accounting policies and the use of judgements, estimates and assumptions) and note 13 of the Group Financial Statements, the Group tests intangible assets for impairment, in accordance with IAS 36 – Impairment of Assets, using valuation techniques involving judgements, estimates and assumptions. Auditing the impairment assessments performed by management was challenging due to the judgement involved in determining the recoverable amount of the Kimpton management contracts (including key money) and the UK portfolio goodwill and right-of-use asset. The significant assumptions used to estimate the recoverable amounts of the Kimpton management contracts and the UK portfolio goodwill included discount rates and certain assumptions that form the basis of the cash flow forecasts (e.g. revenue growth rates and gross operating profit). These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. Accounting for the acquisition of Six Senses Hotels Resorts Spas (“Six Senses”) On 12 February 2019, the Group completed the acquisition of Six Senses for total consideration of $304 million, as disclosed in note 11 to the Group Financial Statements. The transaction was accounted for as a business combination. We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls related to the Group’s process over the acquisition accounting and the valuation of intangible assets acquired. For example, we tested controls over management’s review and approval of the external valuation report and the underlying assumptions used in the report. Auditing the acquisition of Six Senses was challenging due to the judgement involved in determining the fair value of the acquired intangible assets, being the brand and management contracts of $189 million and $45 million, respectively. The significant assumptions used to estimate the value of the intangible assets included discount rates and certain assumptions that form the basis of the cash flow forecasts (e.g. royalty rate and the long-term growth rate). These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. To test the estimated fair value of the intangible assets, our audit procedures included, amongst others, evaluating the Group’s use of the valuation methodology and testing the significant assumptions used in the valuation, including the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data. We involved valuation specialists as part of our team to assist in our evaluation of the valuation methodology and significant assumptions, including the discount rates, royalty rate and long-term growth rate used by management and to calculate an independent estimate of an acceptable range of the Six Senses brand and management contracts valuations. For example, we compared the significant assumptions that form the basis of the cash flow forecasts to current industry, market and economic trends and to the assumptions used to value similar assets in other acquisitions. We tested the clerical accuracy of the calculation performed by management in determining the fair value of intangible assets. We evaluated the disclosures provided in note 11 to the Group Financial Statements. Ernst & Young LLP We have served as auditors since the Group’s listing in April 2003 and of the Group’s predecessor businesses since 1988. London, England 17 February 2020 The maintenance and integrity of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC web site is the responsibility of the directors; the work carried out by the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors accept no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the financial statements since they were initially presented on the web site. 130 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting We have audited InterContinental Hotels Group PLC’s internal control over financial reporting as of 31 December 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of 31 December 2019, based on the COSO criteria. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Group statement of financial position of the Company as of 31 December 2019 and 2018, and the related Group statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended 31 December 2019, and the related notes, and our report dated 17 February 2020 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. Basis for opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying management’s report on internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorisations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorised acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Ernst & Young LLP London, England 17 February 2020 The maintenance and integrity of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC web site is the responsibility of the directors; the work carried out by the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors accept no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the financial statements since they were initially presented on the web site. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Independent Auditor’s US Report 131 Group Financial Statements Group Financial Statements Group income statement For the year ended 31 December 2019 Revenue from fee business Revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels System Fund revenues Reimbursement of costs Total revenue Cost of sales System Fund expenses Reimbursed costs Administrative expenses Share of (losses)/gains of associates and joint ventures Other operating income Depreciation and amortisation Impairment charges Operating profit Operating profit analysed as: Operating profit before System Fund and exceptional items System Fund Operating exceptional items Financial income Financial expenses Fair value gains/(losses) on contingent purchase consideration Profit before tax Tax Profit for the year from continuing operations Attributable to: Equity holders of the parent Non-controlling interest Earnings per ordinary share: Continuing and total operations: Basic Diluted a Restated for the adoption of IFRS 16 (see pages 146 to 149) and presentational changes (see page 149). Notes on pages 139 to 201 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. Note 3 3 2 2 2 6 2 6 7 7 25 8 10 2019 $m 1,510 573 1,373 1,171 4,627 (790) (1,422) (1,171) (385) (3) 21 (116) (131) 630 865 (49) (186) 630 6 (121) 27 542 (156) 386 385 1 386 2018 Restateda $m 2017 Restateda $m 1,486 447 1,233 1,171 4,337 (688) (1,379) (1,171) (415) (1) 14 (115) – 582 832 (146) (104) 582 5 (101) (4) 482 (132) 350 349 1 350 1,379 351 1,242 1,103 4,075 (554) (1,276) (1,103) (355) 3 84 (112) (18) 744 774 (34) 4 744 4 (95) – 653 (118) 535 534 1 535 210.4¢ 209.2¢ 183.7¢ 181.8¢ 276.7¢ 275.3¢ 132 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Group statement of comprehensive income For the year ended 31 December 2019 Profit for the year Other comprehensive income Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: Gains on valuation of available-for-sale financial assetsb, net of related tax charge of $3m in 2017 Fair value gains reclassified to profit on disposal of available-for-sale financial assetsb (Losses)/gains on cash flow hedges, net of related tax credit of $nil (2018: including related tax credit of $1m) Costs of hedging Hedging losses/(gains) reclassified to financial expenses Exchange (losses)/gains on retranslation of foreign operations, net of related tax credit of $3m (2018: including related tax credit of $2m, 2017: net of related tax credit of $1m) Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: Gains/(losses) on equity instruments classified as fair value through other comprehensive incomeb, net of related tax charge of $2m (2018: including related tax charge of $2m) Re-measurement (losses)/gains on defined benefit plans, net of related tax credit of $1m (2018: net of related tax charge of $4m, 2017: $nil) Deferred tax charge on defined benefit plans arising from significant US tax reform Total other comprehensive (loss)/income for the year Total comprehensive income for the year Attributable to: Equity holders of the parent Non-controlling interest a Restated for the adoption of IFRS 16 (see pages 146 to 149). b IFRS 9 was applied from 1 January 2018. Under the transition method chosen, comparative information was not restated. Notes on pages 139 to 201 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. 2019 $m 386 2018 Restateda $m 350 2017 Restateda $m 535 – – (34) (6) 38 (39) (41) 10 (6) – 4 (37) 349 348 1 349 – – 5 (1) (8) 44 40 41 (73) – – – (90) (122) (14) – 8 – (6) 34 384 382 2 384 (4) (11) (15) (137) 398 396 2 398 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Group Financial Statements 133 Group Financial Statements Group Financial Statements continued Group statement of changes in equity Equity share capital $m Capital redemption reserve $m Shares held by employee share trusts $m Other reserves $m Fair value reserve $m Cash flow hedging reserve $m Currency translation reserve $m Retained earnings $m IHG share- holders’ equity $m Non- controlling interest $m Total equity $m 146 – 10 – (4) – (2,865) – 47 – (4) – 420 – 1,111 385 (1,139) 385 8 1 (1,131) 386 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5 151 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (19) (5) 23 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (5) – – – – – 10 – 10 10 10 – – – – – – – – (34) (6) 38 – (2) – – – (2) (2) – – – – – – – – – – – (39) (39) – – – – – – – – (34) (6) 38 (39) (41) – 10 (6) (6) (6) 4 (39) (6) (37) (39) 379 348 19 – (23) 41 4 – (5) – 41 4 – – – – – – – – 10 (5) (2,870) 57 (6) 381 809 (1,473) – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – (34) (6) 38 (39) (41) 10 (6) 4 (37) 349 – (5) – 41 4 (721) (721) (1) (722) (1) – (1) – – – 8 (1) – (1,465) At 1 January 2019 (restated for IFRS 16) Profit for the year Other comprehensive income Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: Losses on cash flow hedges Costs of hedging Hedging losses reclassified to financial expenses Exchange losses on retranslation of foreign operations Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: Gains on equity instruments classified as fair value through other comprehensive income Re-measurement losses on defined benefit plans Total other comprehensive income/ (loss) for the year Total comprehensive income for the year Transfer of treasury shares to employee share trusts Purchase of own shares by employee share trusts Release of own shares by employee share trusts Equity-settled share-based cost Tax related to share schemes Equity dividends paid Transaction costs relating to shareholder returns Exchange adjustments At 31 December 2019 All items above are shown net of tax. Notes on pages 139 to 201 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. 134 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Equity share capital $m Capital redemption reserve $m Shares held by employee share trusts $m Other reserves $m Fair value reserve $m Cash flow hedging reserve $m Currency translation reserve $m Retained earnings $m IHG share- holders’ equity $m Non- controlling interest $m Total equity $m (5) – (5) – (2,874) – (2,874) – 377 – 377 – 898 (1,361) 18 916 349 – (1,361) 349 At 1 January 2018 (restated for IFRS 16) Impact of adopting IFRS 9a At 1 January 2018 Profit for the year Other comprehensive income Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: Gains on cash flow hedges Costs of hedging Hedging gains reclassified to financial expenses Exchange gains on retranslation of foreign operations Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: Losses on equity instruments classified as fair value through other comprehensive income Re-measurement gains on defined benefit plans Total other comprehensive (loss)/ income for the year Total comprehensive income for the year Transfer of treasury shares to employee share trusts Purchase of own shares by employee share trusts Release of own shares by employee share trusts Equity-settled share-based cost Tax related to share schemes Equity dividends paid Exchange adjustments At 31 December 2018 154 – 154 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (8) 146 10 – 10 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 10 79 (18) 61 – – – – – – (14) – (14) (14) (14) – – – – – – – – – – – 5 (1) (8) – (4) – – – (4) (4) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (19) (3) 24 – – – (1) (4) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 9 – – – 43 43 – – – 43 43 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 8 8 8 5 (1) (8) 43 39 (14) 8 (6) 33 357 382 – (3) – 39 3 19 – (24) 39 3 (199) – 1,111 7 – 7 1 – – – 1 1 – – – 1 2 – – – – – (1,354) – (1,354) 350 5 (1) (8) 44 40 (14) 8 (6) 34 384 – (3) – 39 3 (2,865) 47 (4) 420 (199) – (1,139) (1) – 8 (200) – (1,131) a IFRS 9 was applied from 1 January 2018. Under the transition method chosen, comparative information was not restated. All items above are shown net of tax. Notes on pages 139 to 201 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Group Financial Statements 135 Group Financial Statements Group Financial Statements continued Group statement of changes in equity continued Equity share capital $m Capital redemption reserve $m Shares held by employee share trusts $m Other reserves $m Fair value reserve $m Currency translation reserve $m Retained earnings $m IHG share- holders’ equity $m Non- controlling interest $m Total equity $m At 1 January 2017 (as previously reported) Impact of adopting IFRS 16 (pages 146 to 149) At 1 January 2017 (as restated) Profit for the year Other comprehensive income Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: Gains on valuation of available-for-sale financial assets Fair value gain reclassified to profit on disposal of available-for-sale financial asset Exchange losses on retranslation of foreign operations Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: Re-measurement losses on defined benefit plans Deferred tax charge on defined benefit plans arising from significant US tax reform Total other comprehensive (loss)/income for the year Total comprehensive income for the year Transfer of treasury shares to employee share trusts Purchase of own shares by employee share trusts Release of own shares by employee share trusts Equity-settled share-based cost Tax related to share schemes Equity dividends paid Exchange adjustments At 31 December 2017 141 – 141 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 13 154 All items above are shown net of tax. Notes on pages 139 to 201 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. 9 – 9 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 (11) (2,860) – (11) – – – – – – – – – – (20) (3) 29 – – – – – (2,860) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – (14) 111 – 111 – 41 (73) – (32) – – – (32) (32) – – – – – – – 466 990 (1,154) 2 468 – (47) 943 534 (45) (1,199) 534 – – – – 41 (73) (91) (123) (4) (4) (11) (15) (15) (11) (15) (138) 519 396 20 – (29) 29 9 – (3) – 29 9 – – (91) (91) – – – (91) (91) – – – – – – – 8 – 8 1 – – 1 1 – – – 1 2 – – – – – (1,146) (45) (1,191) 535 41 (73) (90) (122) (4) (11) (15) (137) 398 – (3) – 29 9 10 (5) (2,874) 79 377 (593) (593) – 898 – (1,361) (3) – 7 (596) – (1,354) 136 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Group statement of financial position 31 December 2019 ASSETS Goodwill and other intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Right-of-use assets Investment in associates and joint ventures Retirement benefit assets Other financial assets Derivative financial instruments Non-current tax receivable Deferred tax assets Contract costs Contract assets Total non-current assets Inventories Trade and other receivables Current tax receivable Other financial assets Derivative financial instruments Cash and cash equivalents Contract costs Contract assets Total current assets Assets classified as held for sale Total assets LIABILITIES Loans and other borrowings Lease liabilities Trade and other payables Deferred revenue Provisions Current tax payable Total current liabilities Loans and other borrowings Lease liabilities Derivative financial instruments Retirement benefit obligations Trade and other payables Deferred revenue Provisions Non-current tax payable Deferred tax liabilities Total non-current liabilities Liabilities classified as held for sale Total liabilities Net liabilities EQUITY IHG shareholders’ equity Non-controlling interest Total equity a Restated for the adoption of IFRS 16 (see pages 146 to 149). Signed on behalf of the Board, Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson 17 February 2020 Notes on pages 139 to 201 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. Note 2019 $m 2018 Restateda $m 2017 Restateda $m 13 14 15 16 27 17 24 8 3 3 18 17 24 19 3 3 12 2 22 15 20 3 21 22 15 24 27 20 3 21 8 12 2 1,376 1,143 309 490 110 – 284 – 28 66 67 311 3,041 6 666 16 4 1 195 5 23 916 19 3,976 (87) (65) (568) (555) (40) (50) (1,365) (2,078) (595) (20) (96) (116) (1,009) (22) – (118) 273 513 104 – 260 7 31 63 55 270 2,719 5 610 27 1 1 704 5 20 1,373 – 4,092 (104) (55) (616) (572) (10) (50) (1,407) (1,910) (615) – (91) (125) (934) (17) – (124) 967 250 486 141 3 228 – 16 78 51 241 2,461 3 549 101 16 – 168 7 17 861 – 3,322 (110) (44) (595) (490) (3) (64) (1,306) (1,678) (589) – (104) (7) (867) (5) (25) (95) (4,054) (3,816) (3,370) (22) (5,441) (1,465) – (5,223) (1,131) – (4,676) (1,354) (1,473) (1,139) (1,361) 8 8 7 (1,465) (1,131) (1,354) IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Group Financial Statements 137 2019 $m 386 582 968 (61) 907 (110) 3 (6) (141) 653 (75) (104) (10) (9) (292) (2) (5) – – 4 – – (493) (5) (721) (1) (1) – (59) 127 – (660) (500) 600 8 108 2018 Restateda $m 2017 Restateda $m 350 564 914 (54) 860 (87) 2 – (66) 709 (46) (112) (1) (33) (34) (4) (5) – 32 8 – (2) (197) (3) (199) (1) – 554 (35) (268) 3 51 563 58 (21) 600 535 371 906 (57) 849 (87) 1 – (147) 616 (44) (172) (47) (30) – – (6) 9 – 20 75 (25) (220) (3) (593) (3) – – (25) 153 – (471) (75) 117 16 58 Note 26 26 25 8 11 25 7 17 8 9 23 23 23 23 19 19 Group Financial Statements Group Financial Statements continued Group statement of cash flows For the year ended 31 December 2019 Profit for the year Adjustments reconciling profit for the year to cash flow from operations before contract acquisition costs Cash flow from operations before contract acquisition costs Contract acquisition costs, net of repayments Cash flow from operations Interest paid Interest received Contingent purchase consideration paid Tax paid on operating activities Net cash from operating activities Cash flow from investing activities Purchase of property, plant and equipment Purchase of intangible assets Investment in associates and joint ventures Investment in other financial assets Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired Contingent purchase consideration paid Capitalised interest paid Loan repayments by associates and joint ventures Distributions from associates and joint ventures Repayments of other financial assets Disposal of equity securities Tax paid on disposals Net cash from investing activities Cash flow from financing activities Purchase of own shares by employee share trusts Dividends paid to shareholders Dividend paid to non-controlling interest Transaction costs relating to shareholder returns Issue of long-term bonds, including effect of currency swaps Principal element of lease payments Increase/(decrease) in other borrowings Proceeds from currency swaps Net cash from financing activities Net movement in cash and cash equivalents in the year Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year Exchange rate effects Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year a Restated for the adoption of IFRS 16 (see pages 146 to 149). Notes on pages 139 to 201 form an integral part of these Group Financial Statements. 138 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Accounting policies General information This document constitutes the Annual Report and Financial Statements in accordance with UK Listing Rules requirements and the Annual Report on Form 20-F in accordance with the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Consolidated Financial Statements of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (the Group or IHG) for the year ended 31 December 2019 were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Directors on 17 February 2020. InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (the Company) is incorporated and domiciled in Great Britain and registered in England and Wales. Basis of preparation The Consolidated Financial Statements of IHG have been prepared on a going concern basis and under the historical cost convention, except for assets classified as fair value through profit or loss, assets classified as fair value through other comprehensive income and liabilities and derivative financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss. The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as issued by the IASB and in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union (EU) and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. IFRS as adopted by the EU differs in certain respects from IFRS as issued by the IASB. However, the differences have no impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements for the years presented. The impact of adopting new accounting standards is disclosed on pages 146 to 149. Presentational currency The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in millions of US dollars reflecting the profile of the Group’s revenue and operating profit which are primarily generated in US dollars or US dollar-linked currencies. In the Consolidated Financial Statements, equity share capital, the capital redemption reserve and shares held by employee share trusts are translated into US dollars at the rates of exchange on the last day of the period; the resultant exchange differences are recorded in other reserves. The functional currency of the Parent Company is sterling since this is a non-trading holding company located in the United Kingdom that has sterling denominated share capital and whose primary activity is the payment and receipt of sterling dividends and of interest on sterling denominated external borrowings and inter- company balances. Critical accounting policies and the use of judgements, estimates and assumptions In determining and applying the Group’s accounting policies, management are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions. An accounting policy is considered to be critical if its selection or application could materially affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Judgements System Fund The Group operates a System Fund (the Fund) to collect and administer cash assessments from hotel owners for the specific purpose of use in marketing, the Guest Reservation System and hotel loyalty programme. Assessments are generally levied as a percentage of hotel revenues. The Fund is not managed to generate a profit or loss for IHG over the longer term, but is managed for the benefit of the IHG System with the objective of driving revenues for the hotels in the System. In relation to marketing and reservation services, the Group’s performance obligation under IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ is determined to be the continuous performance of the services rather than the spending of the assessments received. Accordingly, assessment fees are recognised as hotel revenues occur, Fund expenses are charged to the Group income statement as incurred and no constructive obligation is deemed to exist under IAS 37 ‘Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets’. Accordingly, no liability is recognised relating to the balance of unspent funds. No other critical judgements have been made in applying the Group’s accounting policies. Estimates Management consider that critical estimates and assumptions are used for measuring the deferred revenue relating to the loyalty programme and in impairment testing, as discussed in further detail below. Estimates and assumptions are evaluated by management using historical experience and other factors believed to be reasonable based on current circumstances, however actual results could differ. Loyalty programme The hotel loyalty programme, IHG Rewards Club, enables members to earn points, funded through hotel assessments, during each qualifying stay at an IHG branded hotel and consume points at a later date for free accommodation or other benefits. The Group recognises deferred revenue in an amount that reflects IHG’s unsatisfied performance obligations, valued at the stand-alone selling price of the future benefit to the member. The amount of revenue recognised and deferred is impacted by ‘breakage’. On an annual basis the Group engages an external actuary who uses statistical formulae to assist in the estimate of the number of points that will never be consumed (‘breakage’). Significant estimation uncertainty exists in projecting members’ future consumption activity. Actuarial gains and losses would correspondingly adjust the amount of System Fund revenues recognised and deferred revenue in the Group statement of financial position. At 31 December 2019, deferred revenue relating to the loyalty programme was $1,233m (2018: $1,181m). Based on the conditions existing at the balance sheet date, a one percentage point decrease in the breakage estimate relating to outstanding points would increase this liability by approximately $16m. Impairment testing UK portfolio In 2019, an impairment charge of $81m has been recognised in relation to the UK leased portfolio, triggered by trading disruption as a result of renovations and the re-branding of the hotels and increasingly challenging trading conditions in 2019. Management has reassessed its short and medium-term forecasts which assume that some disruption continues into 2020, and that hotels see progressive trading improvements when the renovation and re-branding projects complete. As a result of the impairment, goodwill of $49m recorded on acquisition of the portfolio has been written off in full, with a further $32m recognised as an impairment of the IFRS 16 right-of-use asset. Information on the impairment tests performed is included in note 13. Contingent purchase consideration in relation to the UK portfolio comprises the above-market element of the expected lease payments to the landlord and includes variable rentals which are based on hotel performance. A fair value gain of $38m was recorded in the year which included the impact of a reduction in expected variable rentals payable. Information on the inputs to the fair value calculation is included in note 25. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Accounting policies 139 Group Financial Statements Accounting policies continued Given the materiality of the items and the fact that the same underlying cash flows have been used to test for the impairment and to measure the fair value of contingent purchase consideration, they have been classified as exceptional items with the net impact being a $43m charge to the Group income statement and an equivalent reduction in net assets, excluding related tax impacts. The sensitivity to the key assumptions is as follows: • a one percentage point decrease in hotel RevPAR growth over the specific projection period would have resulted in further impairment of $23m to the right-of-use asset and a $3m higher contingent purchase consideration gain. • a one percentage point increase in the discount rate used to discount the projected cash flows would have resulted in further impairment of $4m to the right-of-use asset and a $1m higher contingent purchase consideration gain. Kimpton In 2019, an impairment charge of $50m has been recognised in respect of the Kimpton management contract portfolio acquired in 2015. The impairment results from management’s revised expectations regarding future trading which have been revised downwards in line with industry growth forecasts, the rate of hotel exits (‘attrition’) which has increased to reflect past experience, and the cost of retaining hotels within the portfolio. Information on the impairment test performed is included in note 13. The sensitivity to the key assumptions is as follows: • a 10% reduction in projected management fees would have resulted in further impairment of $9m. • a one percentage point increase in the discount rate used to discount the projected management fees would have resulted in further impairment of $7m. • an increase in the assumed attrition rate for 2020 by one hotel would have resulted in further impairment of $3m. Significant accounting policies Basis of consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements comprise the Financial Statements of the Parent Company and entities controlled by the Group. Control exists when the Group has: • power over an investee (i.e. existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee); • exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and • the ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns. All intra-group balances and transactions are eliminated on consolidation. The assets, liabilities and results of those businesses acquired or disposed of are consolidated for the period during which they were under the Group’s control. The Group operates a deferred compensation plan in the US which allows certain employees to make additional provision for retirement, through the deferral of salary with matching company contributions. Employees can draw down on the plan in certain limited circumstances during employment. The assets of the plan are held in a company-owned trust which is not consolidated as the relevant activity of the trust, being the investment of the funds in the trust, is directed by the participating employees of the plan and the company has no exposure to the gains and losses resulting from those investment decisions. The assets of the trust are held solely for the benefit of the participating employees and to pay plan expenses, other than in the case of a company insolvency in which case they can be claimed by the general creditors of the company. At 31 December 2019, the trust had assets with a fair value of $218m (2018: $193m). 140 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Foreign currencies Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to functional currency at the exchange rates ruling on the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated to the functional currency at the relevant rates of exchange ruling on the last day of the period. Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognised in the Group income statement except on foreign currency borrowings that provide a hedge against a net investment in a foreign operation. These are taken directly to the currency translation reserve until the disposal of the net investment, at which time they are recycled against the gain or loss on disposal. The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill, are translated into US dollars at the relevant rates of exchange ruling on the last day of the period. The revenues and expenses of foreign operations are translated into US dollars at average rates of exchange for the period. The exchange differences arising on retranslation are taken directly to the currency translation reserve. On disposal of a foreign operation, the cumulative amount recognised in the currency translation reserve relating to that particular foreign operation is recycled against the gain or loss on disposal. Business combinations and goodwill On the acquisition of a business, identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured at their fair value. Contingent liabilities assumed are measured at fair value unless this cannot be measured reliably, in which case they are not recognised but are disclosed in the same manner as other contingent liabilities. The measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities arising on acquisition is as described in the general principles detailed within the ‘Taxes’ accounting policy note on page 143 with the exception that no deferred tax is provided on taxable temporary differences in connection with the initial recognition of goodwill. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration transferred. Contingent purchase consideration is measured at fair value on the date of acquisition, and is re-measured at fair value at each reporting date with changes in fair value recognised on the face of the Group income statement below operating profit. Deferred purchase consideration is measured at amortised cost and its unwind is recorded in financial expenses. Payments of contingent purchase consideration reduce the balance sheet liability. The portion of each payment relating to the original estimate of the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration on acquisition is reported within cash flow from investing activities in the Group statement of cash flows and the portion of each payment relating to the increase or decrease in the liability since the acquisition date is reported within cash flow from operations. Goodwill is recorded at cost, being the difference between the fair value of the consideration and the fair value of net assets acquired. Following initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses and is not amortised. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually by comparing carrying values of cash-generating units with their recoverable amounts. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be subsequently reversed. Transaction costs are expensed and are not included in the cost of acquisition. Intangible assets Brands Externally acquired brands are initially recorded at cost if separately acquired or fair value if acquired as part of a business combination, provided the brands are controlled through contractual or other legal rights, or are separable from the rest of the business, and the fair value can be reliably measured. Brands are amortised over their estimated useful lives (and tested for impairment if there are indicators of impairment) or tested for impairment at least annually if determined to have indefinite lives. The costs of developing internally generated brands are expensed as incurred. Lease contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Group allocates payments in the contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their relative stand-alone prices and applies the lease accounting model only to lease components. The right-of-use asset recognised at lease commencement includes the amount of lease liability recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated to a residual value over the shorter of the asset’s estimated useful life and the lease term. Right-of-use assets are also adjusted for any re-measurement of lease liabilities and are subject to impairment testing. Residual value is reassessed annually. Management agreements Management agreements acquired as part of a business combination are initially recorded at the fair value attributed to those contracts on acquisition. The value of management agreements is amortised on a straight-line basis over the contract lives, including any extension periods at the Group’s option. Software Acquired and internally developed software are capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring to use the specific software. Costs are generally amortised over estimated useful lives of three to five years on a straight-line basis. Internally generated development costs are expensed unless forecast revenues exceed attributable forecast development costs, in which case they are capitalised and amortised over the estimated useful life of the asset. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less depreciation and any impairment. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Land is not depreciated. All other property, plant and equipment are depreciated to a residual value over their estimated useful lives, namely: • buildings – over a maximum of 50 years; and • fixtures, fittings and equipment – three to 25 years. All depreciation is charged on a straight-line basis. Residual value is reassessed annually. Property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Assets that do not generate independent cash flows are combined into cash-generating units. If carrying values exceed their estimated recoverable amount, the assets or cash-generating units are written down to the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the greater of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. Value in use is assessed based on estimated future cash flows discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. Impairment losses, and any subsequent reversals, are recognised in the Group income statement. Leases On inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether it contains a lease. A contract contains a lease when it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The right to use the asset and the obligation under the lease to make payments are recognised in the Group statement of financial position as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including ‘in-substance fixed’ payments) and variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, less any lease incentives receivable. ‘In-substance fixed’ payments are payments that may, in form, contain variability but that, in substance, are unavoidable. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. The lease term includes periods subject to extension options which the Group is reasonably certain to exercise and excludes the effect of early termination options where the Group is not reasonably certain that it will exercise the option. Minimum lease payments include the cost of a purchase option if the Group is reasonably certain it will purchase the underlying asset after the lease term. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is re-measured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the ‘in-substance fixed’ lease payments or as a result of a rent review or change in the relevant index or rate. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as an expense in the period over which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs. In respect of variable leases which guarantee a minimum amount of rent over the lease term, the guaranteed amount is considered to be an ‘in-substance fixed’ lease payment and included in the initial calculation of the lease liability. Payments which are ‘in-substance fixed’ are charged against the lease liability. The Group has opted not to apply the lease accounting model to intangible assets, leases of low-value assets or leases which have a term of less than 12 months. Costs associated with these leases are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Sub-leases of the Group’s assets are generally classified as operating leases as the risks and rewards of ownership are not substantially transferred to the sub-lessee. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis in the Group income statement. Lease payments are presented as follows in the Group statement of cash flows: • short-term lease payments, payments for leases of low-value assets and variable lease payments that are not included in the measurement of the lease liabilities are presented within cash flows from operating activities; • payments for the interest element of recognised lease liabilities are included in ‘interest paid’ within cash flows from operating activities; and • payments for the principal element of recognised lease liabilities are presented within cash flows from financing activities. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Accounting policies 141 Group Financial Statements Accounting policies continued Associates and joint ventures An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the entity, but is not control or joint control over those policies. A joint venture exists when two or more parties have joint control over, and rights to the net assets of, the venture. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control which only exists when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. In determining the extent of power or significant influence, consideration is given to other agreements between the Group, the investee entity, and the investing partners, including any related management or franchise agreements and the existence of any performance guarantees. Associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method unless the associate or joint venture is classified as held for sale. Under the equity method, the Group’s investment is recorded at cost adjusted by the Group’s share of post-acquisition profits and losses and other movements in the investee’s reserves. When the Group’s share of losses exceeds its interest in an associate or joint venture, the Group’s carrying amount is reduced to $nil and recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Group has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of an associate or joint venture. If there is objective evidence that an associate or joint venture is impaired, an impairment charge is recognised if the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its recoverable amount. Upon loss of significant influence over an associate or joint control of a joint venture, any retained investment is measured at fair value with any difference to carrying value recognised in the Group income statement. Financial assets On initial recognition, the Group classifies its financial assets as being subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI), or fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL). Financial assets which are held to collect contractual cash flows and give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Interest on these assets is calculated using the effective interest rate method and is recognised in the Group income statement as financial income. The Group recognises a provision for expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortised cost. Where there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, provision is made for defaults that are possible within the next 12 months. Where there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, provision is made for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the asset. The Group has elected to irrevocably designate equity investments as FVOCI when they meet the definition of equity and are not held for trading. Changes in the value of equity investments classified as FVOCI are recorded directly in equity within the fair value reserve and are never recycled to the Group income statement. Dividends from equity investments classified as FVOCI are recognised in the Group income statement as other operating income. Equity instruments classified as FVOCI are not subject to impairment assessment. Financial assets measured at FVTPL include money market funds and other financial assets which do not have a fixed date of repayment. Trade receivables Trade receivables are recorded at their original amount less provision for expected credit losses. The Group has elected to apply the simplified version of the expected credit loss model permitted by IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ in respect of trade receivables, which involves assessing lifetime expected credit losses on all balances. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience by region and may be adjusted for specific forward-looking factors. The carrying amount of the receivable is reduced through the use of a provision account and movements in the provision are recognised in the Group income statement within cost of sales. When a previously provided trade receivable is uncollectable, it is written off against the provision. Balances which are more than 180 days past due are considered to be in default and are written off the ledgers but continue to be actively pursued. Adjustments to this policy may be made in specific circumstances. At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether trade receivables are credit-impaired, for example if the customer is in significant financial difficulty. Cash and cash equivalents Cash comprises cash in hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and subject to insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash and cash equivalents may include amounts which are subject to regulatory or other contractual restrictions and not available for general use by the Group. Cash balances are classified as other financial assets when subject to a specific charge or contractually ring-fenced for a specific purpose, such that the Group does not control the circumstances or timing of its release. Money market funds Money market funds are held at FVTPL, with distributions recognised in financial income. Bank and other borrowings Bank and other borrowings are initially recognised at the fair value of the consideration received less directly attributable transaction costs. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Finance charges, including the transaction costs and any discount or premium on issue, are recognised in the Group income statement using the effective interest rate method. Borrowings are classified as non-current when the repayment date is more than 12 months from the period-end date or where they are drawn on a facility with more than 12 months to expiry. Derivative financial instruments and hedging Derivatives are initially recognised and subsequently re-measured at fair value. The method of recognising the re-measurement depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged (see below). Changes in the fair value of derivatives which have either not been designated as hedging instruments or relate to the ineffective portion of hedges are recognised immediately in the Group income statement. Documentation outlining the measurement and effectiveness of any hedging arrangement is maintained throughout the life of the hedge relationship. Interest arising from currency derivatives and interest rate swaps is recorded in either financial income or expenses over the term of the agreement, unless the accounting treatment for the hedging relationship requires the interest to be taken to reserves. 142 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Interest paid reported within the Group statement of cash flows includes interest paid on the Group’s bonds, net of the effect of the related derivative financial instruments. Cash flow hedges Financial instruments are classified as cash flow hedges when they hedge exposure to variability in cash flows that are attributable to either a highly probable forecast transaction or a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability. Changes in the fair value are recorded in other comprehensive income and the cash flow hedging reserve to the extent that the hedges are effective. When the hedged item is recognised, the cumulative gains and losses on the related hedging instrument are reclassified to the Group income statement, within financial expenses. Net investment hedges Financial instruments are classified as net investment hedges when they hedge the Group’s net investment in foreign operations. Changes in the fair value are recorded in other comprehensive income and the currency translation reserve to the extent that the hedges are effective. The cumulative gains and losses remain in equity until a foreign operation is sold, at which point they are reclassified to the Group income statement. Offsetting of financial assets and financial liabilities Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Group statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. To meet these criteria, the right of set-off must not be contingent on a future event and must be legally enforceable in all of the following circumstances: the normal course of business, the event of default and the event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the Group and all of the counterparties. Provisions Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that a payment will be made and a reliable estimate of the amount payable can be made. If the effect of the time value of money is material, the provision is discounted using a current pre-tax discount rate that reflects the risks specific to the liability. In respect of litigation, provision is made when management consider it probable that payment may occur even though the defence of the related claim may still be ongoing through the court process. Taxes Current tax Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from, or paid to, the tax authorities, including interest. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised in respect of temporary differences between the tax base and carrying value of assets and liabilities including on property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, application fees, contract costs, unrelieved tax losses, unremitted profits from subsidiaries, gains rolled over into replacement assets, and other short-term temporary differences. Judgement is used when assessing the extent to which deferred tax assets, particularly in respect of tax losses, should be recognised. Deferred tax assets are therefore recognised to the extent that it is regarded as probable that there will be sufficient and suitable taxable profits (including the future release of deferred tax liabilities) in the relevant legal entity or tax group against which such assets can be utilised in the future. For this purpose, forecasts of future taxable profits are considered by assessing the Group’s forecast revenue and profit models, taking into account future growth predictions and operating cost assumptions. Accordingly, changes in assumptions to the Group’s forecasts may have an impact on the amount of future taxable profits and therefore the period over which any deferred tax assets might be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which the asset or liability will be settled, based on rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Where deferred tax assets and liabilities arise in the same entity or group of entities and there would be a legal right to offset the assets and liabilities were they to reverse, the assets and liabilities are also offset on the Group statement of financial position. Otherwise, the assets and liabilities are not offset. Retirement benefits Defined contribution plans Payments to defined contribution schemes are charged to the Group income statement as they fall due. Defined benefit plans Plan assets are measured at fair value and plan liabilities are measured on an actuarial basis using the projected unit credit method, discounted at an interest rate equivalent to the current rate of return on a high-quality corporate bond of equivalent currency and term to the plan liabilities. The difference between the value of plan assets and liabilities at the period-end date is the amount of surplus or deficit recorded in the Group statement of financial position as an asset or liability. An asset is recognised when the employer has an unconditional right to use the surplus at some point during the life of the plan or on its wind-up. The service cost of providing pension benefits to employees, together with the net interest expense or income for the year, is charged to the Group income statement within ‘administrative expenses’. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit asset or liability, after any asset restriction. Past service costs and gains, which are the change in the present value of the defined benefit obligation for employee service in prior periods resulting from plan amendments, are recognised immediately the plan amendment occurs. Settlement gains and losses, being the difference between the settlement cost and the present value of the defined benefit obligations being settled, are recognised when the settlement occurs. Re-measurements comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest) and changes in the amount of any asset restrictions. Actuarial gains and losses may result from: differences between the actuarial assumptions underlying the plan liabilities and actual experience during the year or changes in the actuarial assumptions used in the valuation of the plan liabilities. Re-measurement gains and losses, and taxation thereon, are recognised in other comprehensive income and are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods. Actuarial valuations are carried out on a regular basis and are updated for material transactions and other material changes in circumstances (including changes in market prices and interest rates) up to the end of the reporting period. Assets held for sale Assets and liabilities are classified as held for sale when their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than continuing use and a sale is highly probable and expected to complete within one year. For a sale to be highly probable, management need to be committed to a plan to sell the asset and the asset must be actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Accounting policies 143 Group Financial Statements Accounting policies continued Assets designated as held for sale are held at the lower of carrying amount at designation and fair value less costs to sell. Depreciation and amortisation is not charged against assets classified as held for sale. Disposal of non-current assets The Group recognises sales proceeds and any related gain or loss on disposal on completion of the sales process. In determining whether the gain or loss should be recorded, the Group considers whether it: • has a continuing managerial involvement to the degree associated with asset ownership; • has transferred the significant risks and rewards associated with asset ownership; and • can reliably measure and will actually receive the proceeds. Revenue recognition Revenue is recognised at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. Fee business revenue Under franchise agreements, the Group’s performance obligation is to provide a licence to use IHG’s trademarks and other intellectual property. Franchise royalty fees are typically charged as a percentage of hotel gross rooms revenues and are treated as variable consideration, recognised as the underlying hotel revenues occur. Under management agreements, the Group’s performance obligation is to provide hotel management services and a licence to use IHG’s trademarks and other intellectual property. Base and incentive management fees are typically charged. Base management fees are typically a percentage of total hotel revenues and incentive management fees are generally based on the hotel’s profitability or cash flows. Both are treated as variable consideration. Like franchise fees, base management fees are recognised as the underlying hotel revenues occur. Incentive management fees are recognised over time when it is considered highly probable that the related performance criteria will be met, provided there is no expectation of a subsequent reversal of the revenue. Application and re-licensing fees are not considered to be distinct from the franchise performance obligation and are recognised over the life of the related contract. Franchise and management agreements also contain a promise to provide technology support and network services to hotels. A monthly technology fee, based on either gross rooms revenues or the number of rooms in the hotel, is charged and recognised over time as these services are delivered. Technology fee income is included in Central revenue. IHG’s global insurance programme provides coverage to managed hotels for risks such as US workers’ compensation, employee and general liability. Premiums are payable by the hotels to the third- party insurance provider. As some of the risk is reinsured by the Group’s captive insurance company (‘the Captive’), SCH Insurance Company, premiums paid from the third-party insurance provider to the Captive are recognised as revenue as premiums are earned. Contract assets Amounts paid to hotel owners to secure management and franchise agreements (‘key money’) are treated as consideration payable to a customer. A contract asset is recorded which is recognised as a deduction to revenue over the initial term of the contract. Where loans are provided to an owner the difference, if any, between the face and market value of the loan is capitalised as a contract asset. 144 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Performance guarantees In limited cases, the Group may provide performance guarantees to third-party hotel owners to secure management agreements. The expected value of payments under performance guarantees reduces the overall transaction price and is treated as a reduction to revenue over the life of the contract. Revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels At its owned, leased and managed lease hotels, the Group’s performance obligation is to provide accommodation and other goods and services to guests. Revenue includes rooms revenue and food and beverage sales, which is recognised when the rooms are occupied and food and beverages are sold. Cost reimbursements In a managed property, the Group acts as employer of the general manager and other employees at the hotel and is entitled to reimbursement of these costs. The performance obligation is satisfied over time as the employees perform their duties, consistent with when reimbursement is received. Reimbursements for these services are shown as revenue with an equal matching employee cost, with no profit impact. Certain other costs relating to both managed and franchised hotels are also contractually reimbursable to IHG and, where IHG is deemed to be acting as principal in the provision of the related services, the revenue and cost are shown on a gross basis. System Fund revenues The Group operates a System Fund (the Fund) to collect and administer cash assessments from hotel owners for the specific purpose of use in marketing, the Guest Reservation System and hotel loyalty programme. The Fund also receives proceeds from the sale of loyalty points under third-party co-branding arrangements. The Fund is not managed to generate a profit or loss for IHG over the longer term, but is managed for the benefit of the IHG System with the objective of driving revenues for the hotels in the System. Under both franchise and management agreements, the Group is required to provide marketing and reservations services, as well as other centrally managed programmes. These services are provided by the Fund and are funded by assessment fees. Costs are incurred and allocated to the Fund in accordance with the principles agreed with the IHG Owners Association. The Group acts as principal in the provision of the services as the related expenses primarily comprise payroll and marketing expenses under contracts entered into by the Group. The assessment fees from hotel owners are generally levied as a percentage of hotel revenues and are recognised as those hotel revenues occur. Certain travel agency commission revenues within the Fund are recognised on a net basis, where it has been determined that IHG is acting as agent. In respect of the loyalty programme (IHG Rewards Club), the related performance obligation is to arrange for the provision of future benefits to members on consumption of previously earned reward points. Members have a choice of benefits: reward nights at an IHG hotel or other goods or services provided by third parties. Under its franchise and management agreements, IHG receives assessment fees based on total qualifying hotel revenue from IHG Rewards Club members’ hotel stays. The Group’s performance obligation is not satisfied in full until the member has consumed the points at a participating hotel or selected a reward from a third party. Accordingly, loyalty assessments are deferred in an amount that reflects the stand-alone selling price of the future benefit to the member. Revenue is impacted by a ‘breakage’ estimate of the number of points that will never be consumed. On an annual basis, the Group engages an external actuary who uses statistical formulae to assist in formulating this estimate, which is adjusted to reflect actual experience up to the reporting date. Fair value measurement The Group measures financial assets and liabilities at FVTPL, financial assets measured at FVOCI, and derivative financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis and other assets when impaired or re-measured on classification as held for sale by reference to fair value less costs of disposal. Additionally, the fair value of other financial assets and liabilities requires disclosure. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value is measured by reference to the principal market for the asset or liability assuming that market participants act in their economic best interests. The fair value of a non-financial asset assumes the asset is used in its highest and best use, either through continuing ownership or by selling it. The Group uses valuation techniques that maximise the use of relevant observable inputs using the following valuation hierarchy: Level 1: quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: other techniques for which all inputs which have a significant effect on the recorded fair value are observable, either directly or indirectly. Level 3: techniques which use inputs which have a significant effect on the recorded fair value that are not based on observable market data. For assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the Group determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period. Further disclosures on the particular valuation techniques used by the Group are provided in note 25. Where significant assets (such as property) are valued by reference to fair value less costs of disposal, an external valuation will normally be obtained using professional valuers who have appropriate market knowledge, reputation and independence. Exceptional items The Group discloses certain financial information both including and excluding exceptional items. The presentation of information excluding exceptional items allows a better understanding of the underlying trading performance of the Group and provides consistency with the Group’s internal management reporting. Exceptional items are identified by virtue of either their size or nature so as to facilitate comparison with prior periods and to assess underlying trends in the financial performance of the Group and its regional operating segments. Exceptional items can include, but are not restricted to, gains and losses on the disposal of assets, impairment charges and reversals and restructuring costs. As materially all of the points will be either consumed at IHG managed or franchised hotels owned by third parties, or exchanged for awards provided by third parties, IHG is deemed to be acting as agent on consumption and therefore recognises the related revenue net of the cost of reimbursing the hotel or third party that is providing the benefit. Performance obligations under the Group’s co-branding arrangements comprise: • arranging for the provision of future benefits to members who have earned points or free night certificates; • marketing services; and • providing the co-brand partner with the right to access the loyalty programme. Fees from these agreements comprise fixed amounts normally payable at the beginning of the contract, and variable amounts paid on a monthly basis. Variable amounts are typically based on the number of points and free night certificates issued to members and the marketing services performed by the Group. Total fees are allocated to the performance obligations based on their estimated stand-alone selling prices. Revenue allocated to marketing and licensing obligations is recognised on a monthly basis as the obligation is satisfied. Revenue relating to points and free night certificates is recognised when the member has consumed the points or certificates at a participating hotel or has selected a reward from a third party, net of the cost of reimbursing the hotel or third party that is providing the benefit. Judgement is required in estimating the stand-alone selling prices which are based upon generally accepted valuation methodologies regarding the value of the licence provided, and the number of points and certificates expected to be issued. However, the value of revenue recognised and the deferred revenue balance at the end of the year is not materially sensitive to changes in these assumptions. Contract costs Certain costs incurred to secure management and franchise agreements, typically developer commissions, are capitalised and amortised over the initial term of the related contract. These costs are presented as ‘Contract costs’ in the Group statement of financial position. Contract assets and contract costs are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Share-based payments The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to fair value at the date at which the right to the shares is granted. Fair value is determined by an external valuer using option pricing models. The cost of equity-settled transactions is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period in which any performance or service conditions are fulfilled, ending on the date on which the relevant employees become fully entitled to the award (vesting date). The income statement charge for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised at the beginning and end of that period. No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional upon a market or non-vesting condition, which are treated as vesting irrespective of whether or not the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Accounting policies 145 Group Financial Statements New accounting standards and presentational changes IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ IFRS 16, which supersedes IAS 17, sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for most leases under a single on-balance sheet model. The Group has a number of material property and equipment leases. The Group has adopted IFRS 16 using the full retrospective method of adoption with the date of initial application being 1 January 2019. The Group elected to use the transition practical expedient allowing the standard to be applied only to contracts that were previously identified as leases applying IAS 17 at the date of initial application. The Group also elected to use the recognition exemptions for lease contracts that, at the commencement date, have a lease term of 12 months or less and do not contain a purchase option (‘short-term leases’), lease contracts for which the underlying asset is of low value (‘low-value assets’), and leases of intangible assets. Before the adoption of IFRS 16, the Group classified each of its leases at the inception date as either a finance lease or an operating lease. A lease was classified as a finance lease if it transferred substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the leased asset to the Group; otherwise it was classified as an operating lease. Finance leases were capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased asset or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments were apportioned between interest (recognised as finance cost) and reduction of the lease liability. In an operating lease, the leased asset was not capitalised, and the lease payments were recognised as rent expense in the Group income statement on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Any prepaid rent and accrued rent were recognised within prepayments and trade and other payables, respectively. Under IFRS 16, the Group recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e. the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any re-measurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received. Unless the Group is reasonably certain to obtain ownership of the leased assets at the end of the lease term, recognised right-of-use assets are depreciated to a residual value over the shorter of their estimated useful life or lease term. Right-of-use assets are subject to impairment testing. At the commencement date of the lease, the Group recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including ‘in-substance fixed’ payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expense in the period over which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs. The lease acquired with the UK portfolio acquisition (see note 11) includes variable lease payments where rentals are linked to the performance of the hotels by way of reductions in rentals in the event that lower than target cash flows are generated by the hotels. In the event that rent reductions are not applicable, the Group’s exposure to this type of rental payment in excess of amounts reflected in the measurement of lease liabilities is £46m per annum over the remaining lease term of 24 years. Additional rentals, which are uncapped, are also payable and are calculated as a percentage of the profit earned by the hotels. Two German hotel leases operate under a similar structure (see note 15). In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is re- measured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the ‘in-substance fixed’ lease payment or a change in the assessment regarding the purchase of the underlying asset. The Group applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of equipment (i.e. those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases that are considered of low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lessor accounting under IFRS 16 is substantially unchanged from IAS 17. The Group is not party to any material leases where it acts as a lessor. In accordance with the full retrospective method of adoption, the Group applied IFRS 16 at the date of initial application as if it had always been effective at the commencement date of existing lease contracts. Accordingly, the comparative information in these Consolidated Financial Statements has been restated, as summarised and set out below. For the 12 months ended 31 December 2018: • Depreciation expense increased by $35m relating to the depreciation of new right-of-use assets recognised. • Rent expense decreased by $51m relating to previous operating leases. • Financial expenses increased by $19m relating to the interest expense on additional lease liabilities recognised. • Income tax expenses decreased by $1m relating to the tax effect of these changes. • Net cash from operating activities increased by $43m and the combination of cash from investing and financing activities reduced by the same amount, representing repayments of principal on the recognised lease liabilities. At 31 December 2018: • Right-of-use assets of $513m were recognised and presented separately in the Group statement of financial position. This includes $174m relating to leased assets previously recognised under finance leases, included within property, plant and equipment. • Lease liabilities of $670m were recognised and presented separately in the Group statement of financial position. Finance lease liabilities of $235m previously included in loans and other borrowings are now included in lease liabilities. • Prepayments of $3m and trade and other payables of $35m related to leases previously classified as operating leases were derecognised. • Net deferred tax liabilities decreased by $10m because of the deferred tax impact of the changes in assets and liabilities. • The net effect of these adjustments increased the Group’s net liabilities by $54m. 146 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Impact of IFRS 16 on the Group income statement Revenue from fee business Revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels System Fund revenues Reimbursement of costs Total revenue Cost of sales System Fund expenses Reimbursed costs Administrative expenses Share of (losses)/gains of associates and joint ventures Other operating income Depreciation and amortisation Impairment charge Operating profit Financial income Financial expenses Fair value losses on contingent purchase consideration Profit before tax Tax Profit for the year from continuing operations Year ended 31 December 2018 Year ended 31 December 2017 As previously reported $m IFRS 16 adoption $m As restated $m As previously reported $m IFRS 16 adoption $m As restated $m 1,486 447 1,233 1,171 4,337 (706) (1,379) (1,171) (448) (1) 14 (80) – 566 5 (82) (4) 485 (133) 352 – – – – – 18 – – 33 – – (35) – 16 – (19) – (3) 1 (2) 1,486 447 1,233 1,171 4,337 (688) (1,379) (1,171) (415) (1) 14 (115) – 582 5 (101) (4) 482 (132) 350 1,379 351 1,242 1,103 4,075 (571) (1,276) (1,103) (388) 3 84 (78) (18) 728 4 (76) – 656 (115) 541 – – – – – 17 – – 33 – – (34) – 16 – (19) – (3) (3) (6) 1,379 351 1,242 1,103 4,075 (554) (1,276) (1,103) (355) 3 84 (112) (18) 744 4 (95) – 653 (118) 535 Impact of IFRS 16 on the Group statement of comprehensive income Profit for the year Exchange gains/(losses) on retranslation of foreign operations, including related tax credit of $2m (2017: net of related tax credit of $1m) Other items Total comprehensive income for the year Year ended 31 December 2018 Year ended 31 December 2017 As previously reported $m IFRS 16 adoption $m 352 43 (10) 385 (2) 1 – (1) As restated $m 350 44 (10) 384 As previously reported $m IFRS 16 adoption $m 541 (88) (47) 406 (6) (2) – (8) As restated $m 535 (90) (47) 398 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | New accounting standards and presentational changes 147 Group Financial Statements New accounting standards and presentational changes continued Impact of IFRS 16 on the Group statement of financial position Property, plant and equipment Right-of-use assets Deferred tax assets Other non-current assets Total non-current assets Trade and other receivables Other current assets Total current assets Total assets Loans and other borrowings Lease liabilities Trade and other payables Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Loans and other borrowings Lease liabilities Trade and other payables Deferred tax liabilities Other non-current liabilities Total non-current liabilities Total liabilities Net liabilities Currency translation reserve Retained earnings Other equity IHG shareholders’ equity Non-controlling interest Total equity 31 December 2018 31 December 2017 As previously reported $m IFRS 16 adoption $m As restated $m As previously reported $m IFRS 16 adoption $m As restated $m 447 – 60 1,870 2,377 613 763 1,376 3,753 (120) – (618) (632) (1,370) (2,129) – (158) (131) (1,042) (3,460) (4,830) (1,077) 419 1,166 (2,670) (1,085) 8 (1,077) (174) 513 3 – 342 (3) – (3) 339 16 (55) 2 – (37) 219 (615) 33 7 – (356) (393) (54) 1 (55) – (54) – (54) 273 513 63 1,870 2,719 610 763 1,373 4,092 (104) (55) (616) (632) (1,407) (1,910) (615) (125) (124) (1,042) (3,816) (5,223) (1,131) 420 1,111 (2,670) (1,139) 8 (1,131) 425 – 75 1,647 2,147 551 312 863 3,010 (126) – (597) (557) (1,280) (1,893) – (36) (101) (1,001) (3,031) (4,311) (1,301) 377 951 (2,636) (1,308) 7 (1,301) (175) 486 3 – 314 (2) – (2) 312 16 (44) 2 – (26) 215 (589) 29 6 – (339) (365) (53) – (53) – (53) – (53) 250 486 78 1,647 2,461 549 312 861 3,322 (110) (44) (595) (557) (1,306) (1,678) (589) (7) (95) (1,001) (3,370) (4,676) (1,354) 377 898 (2,636) (1,361) 7 (1,354) 148 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Impact of IFRS 16 on the Group statement of cash flows Profit for the year Adjustments reconciling profit for the year to cash flow from operations before contract acquisition costs Cash flow from operations before contract acquisition costs Contract acquisition costs, net of repayments Cash flow from operations Interest paid Interest received Tax paid on operating activities Net cash from operating activities Landlord contribution to property, plant and equipment Other cash flows from investing activities Net cash from investing activities Principal element of lease payments Other cash flows from financing activities Net cash from financing activities Net movement in cash and cash equivalents in the year Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year Exchange rate effects Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year Year ended 31 December 2018 Year ended 31 December 2017 As previously reported $m IFRS 16 adoption $m 352 502 854 (54) 800 (70) 2 (66) 666 8 (197) (189) – 86 86 563 58 (21) 600 (2) 62 60 – 60 (17) – – 43 (8) – (8) (35) – (35) – – – – As restated $m 350 564 914 (54) 860 (87) 2 (66) 709 – (197) (197) (35) 86 51 563 58 (21) 600 As previously reported $m IFRS 16 adoption $m 541 308 849 (57) 792 (69) 1 (147) 577 14 (220) (206) – (446) (446) (75) 117 16 58 (6) 63 57 – 57 (18) – – 39 (14) – (14) (25) – (25) – – – – As restated $m 535 371 906 (57) 849 (87) 1 (147) 616 – (220) (220) (25) (446) (471) (75) 117 16 58 Impact of IFRS 16 on basic and diluted earnings per ordinary share Basic earnings per ordinary share Diluted earnings per ordinary share Year ended 31 December 2018 Year ended 31 December 2017 As previously reported cents IFRS 16 adoption cents As restated cents As previously reported cents IFRS 16 adoption cents 184.7 182.8 (1.0) (1.0) 183.7 181.8 279.8 278.4 (3.1) (3.1) As restated cents 276.7 275.3 Presentational changes The presentation of the Group income statement has been amended to include exceptional items within the line item to which they relate, with a separate analysis of operating profit before System Fund and exceptional items. Fair value gains and losses on contingent purchase consideration reported within financial expenses in 2018 are now presented as a separate line item on the face of the Group income statement. Other standards adopted From 1 January 2019, the Group has applied the amendments to: • IAS 28 ‘Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures’ relating to long-term interests to which the equity method is not applied; • IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ relating to prepayment features with negative compensation; • IFRIC 23 ‘Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments’; • IAS 19 ‘Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement’; and • Other existing standards arising from the Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2015–2017 cycle. None of these amendments have had a material impact on the Group’s reported financial performance or position. New standards issued but not yet effective In 2019, the IASB published ‘Interest Rate Benchmark Reform, Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7’. There is no anticipated material impact from these amendments on the Group’s reported financial performance or position. The effective date for IFRS 17 ‘Insurance Contracts’ is 1 January 2021. The Group has not yet determined the impact of this standard on the Group’s reported financial performance or position. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | New accounting standards and presentational changes 149 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements 1. Exchange rates The results of operations have been translated into US dollars at the average rates of exchange for the year. In the case of sterling, the translation rate is $1=£0.78 (2018: $1=£0.75, 2017: $1=£0.78). In the case of the euro, the translation rate is $1=€0.89 (2018: $1=€0.85, 2017: $1=€0.89). Assets and liabilities have been translated into US dollars at the rates of exchange on the last day of the year. In the case of sterling, the translation rate is $1=£0.76 (2018: $1=£0.78, 2017: $1=£0.74). In the case of the euro, the translation rate is $1=€0.89 (2018: $1=€0.87, 2017: $1=€0.83). 2. Segmental information The Group has four reportable segments reflecting its geographical regions and its Central functions: • Americas; • EMEAA; • Greater China; and • Central. Central functions include technology, sales and marketing, finance, human resources and corporate services; Central revenue arises principally from technology fee income. No operating segments have been aggregated to form these reportable segments. Management monitors the operating results of these reportable segments for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Each of the geographical regions is led by its own Chief Executive Officer who reports to the Group Chief Executive Officer. The System Fund is not viewed as being part of the Group’s core operations as it is not managed to generate a profit or loss for IHG over the longer term. As such, its results are not regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) and it does not constitute an operating segment under IFRS 8. Similarly, reimbursements of costs are not reported to the CODM and so are not included within the reportable segments. Segmental performance is evaluated based on operating profit or loss and is measured consistently with operating profit or loss in the Group Financial Statements, excluding System Fund and exceptional items. Group financing activities, fair value gains/(losses) on contingent purchase consideration and income taxes are managed on a Group basis and are not allocated to reportable segments. Revenue Year ended 31 December Americas EMEAA Greater China Central Revenue from reportable segments System Fund revenues Reimbursement of costs Total revenue Profit Year ended 31 December Americas (see below) EMEAA Greater China Central Operating profit from reportable segments System Fund Operating exceptional items (note 6) Operating profit Net finance costs Fair value gains/(losses) on contingent purchase consideration Profit before tax Tax Profit for the year All items above relate to continuing operations. 2019 $m 1,040 723 135 185 2,083 1,373 1,171 4,627 2019 $m 700 217 73 (125) 865 (49) (186) 630 (115) 27 542 (156) 386 2018 $m 1,051 569 143 170 1,933 1,233 1,171 4,337 2017 $m 999 457 117 157 1,730 1,242 1,103 4,075 2018 Restated $m 2017 Restated $m 673 206 70 (117) 832 (146) (104) 582 (96) (4) 482 (132) 350 648 175 53 (102) 774 (34) 4 744 (91) – 653 (118) 535 Operating profit from reportable segments includes business interruption insurance proceeds of $10m in 2019, relating to the Americas region, which is included in ‘other operating income’ in the Group income statement. 150 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 2. Segmental information continued Assets 31 December Americas EMEAAa Greater China Central Segment assets Unallocated assets: Derivative financial instruments Tax receivable Deferred tax assets Cash and cash equivalents Total assets a Includes assets classified as held for sale of $19m (2018: $nil). Liabilities 31 December Americas EMEAAa Greater China Central Segment liabilities Unallocated liabilities: Loyalty and co-brand deferred revenue and other payables Loans and other borrowings Derivative financial instruments Tax payable Deferred tax liabilities Deferred and contingent purchase considerationb Total liabilities a Includes liabilities classified as held for sale of $22m (2018: $nil). b Excludes UK portfolio which is included in EMEAA. 2018 has been restated accordingly. 2019 $m 1,784 978 136 772 2018 Restated $m 1,656 738 110 755 3,670 3,259 1 44 66 195 3,976 8 58 63 704 4,092 2019 $m (971) (398) (80) (206) 2018 Restated $m (995) (386) (61) (225) (1,655) (1,667) (1,339) (2,165) (20) (50) (118) (94) (1,291) (2,014) – (50) (124) (77) (5,441) (5,223) IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 151 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 2. Segmental information continued Other segmental information Year ended 31 December 2019 Capital expenditure (page 153) Non-cash items: Depreciation and amortisationa Share-based payments cost Share of losses/(gains) of associates and joint ventures Impairment charges Year ended 31 December 2018 Capital expenditure (page 153) Non-cash items: Depreciation and amortisationa Share-based payments cost Share of losses/(gains) of associates and joint ventures Year ended 31 December 2017 Capital expenditure Non-cash items: Depreciation and amortisationa Share-based payments cost Share of losses/(gains) of associates and joint ventures Impairment charge Americas $m 57 44 9 9 50 Americas Restated $m 74 46 8 6 EMEAA $m 71 25 4 (6) 81 EMEAA Restated $m 33 17 4 (5) Americas Restated $m 120 EMEAA Restated $m 26 42 6 1 18 15 4 (4) – Greater China $m – 5 2 – – Greater China Restated $m 2 7 3 – Greater China Restated $m 2 5 3 – – Central $m 137 Group $m 265 42 13 – – Central Restated $m 142 45 12 – 116 28 3 131 Group Restated $m 251 115 27 1 Central Restated $m 202 Group Restated $m 350 50 8 – – 112 21 (3) 18 a Included in the $116m (2018: $115m, 2017: $112m) of depreciation and amortisation is $82m (2018: $86m, 2017: $78m) relating to administrative expenses and $34m (2018: $29m, 2017: $34m) relating to cost of sales. A further $54m (2018: $49m, 2017: $41m) of depreciation and amortisation was recorded within System Fund expenses. 152 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 2. Segmental information continued Reconciliation of capital expenditure Year ended 31 December 2019 Capital expenditure per management reporting Goodwill Contract acquisition costs Timing differences and other adjustments Additions per the Group Financial Statements Comprising additions to: Goodwill and other intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Investment in associates and joint ventures Other financial assets Year ended 31 December 2018 Capital expenditure per management reporting Contract acquisition costs Timing differences and other adjustments Additions per the Group Financial Statements Comprising additions to: Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Investment in associates and joint ventures Other financial assets Geographical information Year ended 31 December Revenue United Kingdom United States China Rest of World System Fund (note 33) Americas $m EMEAA $m Greater China $m 57 – (27) 4 34 – 19 14 1 34 71 4 (35) 1 41 4 29 – 8 41 – – – – – – – – – – Central $m 137 – – (4) 133 104 29 – – 133 Group $m 265 4 (62) 1 208 108 77 14 9 208 Americas Restated $m EMEAA Restated $m Greater China Restated $m Central Restated $m Group Restated $m 74 (32) 1 43 – 13 3 27 43 33 (26) – 7 – 2 – 5 7 2 – – 2 – 2 – – 2 2019 $m 265 1,957 214 818 3,254 1,373 4,627 142 – – 142 112 30 – – 142 2018 $m 151 1,950 222 781 3,104 1,233 4,337 251 (58) 1 194 112 47 3 32 194 2017 $m 74 1,845 201 713 2,833 1,242 4,075 For the purposes of the above table, hotel and reimbursable revenues are determined according to the location of the hotel and other revenue is attributed to the country of origin. In addition to the United Kingdom, revenue relating to an individual country is separately disclosed when it represents 10% or more of total revenue. System Fund revenues are not included in the geographical analysis as the Group does not monitor the Fund’s revenue by location of the hotel, or in the case of the loyalty programme, according to the location where members consume their rewards. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 153 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 2. Segmental information continued 31 December Non-current assets United Kingdom United States Rest of World 2019 $m 2018 Restated $m 184 1,632 847 2,663 205 1,643 510 2,358 For the purposes of the above table, non-current assets comprise goodwill and other intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, investments in associates and joint ventures, non-current contract costs and non-current contract assets. In addition to the United Kingdom, non-current assets relating to an individual country are separately disclosed when they represent 10% or more of total non-current assets, as defined above. 3. Revenue Disaggregation of revenue The following table presents Group revenue disaggregated by type of revenue stream and by reportable segment: Americas $m EMEAA $m Greater China $m Central $m 840 13 – 853 187 1,040 247 90 – 337 386 723 87 48 – 135 – 135 – – 185 185 – 185 Americas $m EMEAA $m Greater China $m Central $m 835 18 – 853 198 1,051 227 93 – 320 249 569 94 49 – 143 – 143 – – 170 170 – 170 Americas $m EMEAA $m Greater China $m Central $m 795 16 – 811 188 999 204 90 – 294 163 457 73 44 – 117 – 117 – – 157 157 – 157 Group $m 1,174 151 185 1,510 573 2,083 1,373 1,171 4,627 Group $m 1,156 160 170 1,486 447 1,933 1,233 1,171 4,337 Group $m 1,072 150 157 1,379 351 1,730 1,242 1,103 4,075 Year ended 31 December 2019 Franchise and base management fees Incentive management fees Central revenue Revenue from fee business Revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels System Fund revenues (note 33) Reimbursement of costs Total revenue Year ended 31 December 2018 Franchise and base management fees Incentive management fees Central revenue Revenue from fee business Revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels System Fund revenues (note 33) Reimbursement of costs Total revenue Year ended 31 December 2017 Franchise and base management fees Incentive management fees Central revenue Revenue from fee business Revenue from owned, leased and managed lease hotels System Fund revenues (note 33) Reimbursement of costs Total revenue 154 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 3. Revenue continued Contract balances Trade receivables (note 18) Contract assets Deferred revenue 2019 $m 514 334 2018 $m 474 290 (1,564) (1,506) A trade receivable is recorded when the Group has issued an invoice and has an unconditional right to receive payment. In respect of franchise fees, base and incentive management fees, Central revenue and revenues from owned, leased and managed lease hotels, the invoice is typically issued as the related performance obligations are satisfied, as described on page 144. Contract assets (including performance guarantees) Contract assets are recorded in respect of key money payments; the difference, if any, between the face and market value of loans made to owners; and the value of payments under performance guarantees. At 1 January Costs paid Recognised as a deduction to revenue Repayments Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December Analysed as: Current Non-current 2019 $m 290 64 (22) (1) 3 334 23 311 334 2018 $m 258 58 (19) (2) (5) 290 20 270 290 At 31 December 2019, the amount of performance guarantees included within trade and other payables was $2m (2018: $3m) and the maximum payout remaining under such guarantees was $85m (2018: $42m). Deferred revenue Deferred revenue is recognised when payment is received before the related performance obligation is satisfied. The main categories of deferred revenue relate to the Loyalty programme, co-branding agreements, and franchise application and re-licensing fees. At 1 January 2018 Acquisition of businesses Increase in deferred revenue Recognised as revenue Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2018 Acquisition of businesses Increase in deferred revenue Recognised as revenue Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2019 At 31 December 2019 Analysed as: Current Non-current At 31 December 2018 Analysed as: Current Non-current Loyalty programme $m 1,057 – 540 (416) – 1,181 – 533 (481) – 1,233 476 757 1,233 491 690 1,181 Other co-brand fees $m Application & re-licensing fees $m 88 – – (11) – 77 – – (11) – 66 11 55 66 11 66 77 163 – 36 (23) (1) 175 – 26 (25) (4) 172 25 147 172 23 152 175 Other $m 49 8 67 (47) (4) 73 2 64 (49) 3 93 43 50 93 47 26 73 Total $m 1,357 8 643 (497) (5) 1,506 2 623 (566) (1) 1,564 555 1,009 1,564 572 934 1,506 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 155 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 3. Revenue continued The table on the previous page does not include amounts which were received and recognised as revenue in the same year. Amounts recognised as revenue were included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the year. Loyalty programme revenues, shown gross in the table on the previous page, are presented net of the corresponding redemption cost in the Group income statement. Other deferred revenue includes guest deposits received by owned, leased and managed lease hotels. Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations The Group has applied the practical expedient in IFRS 15 not to disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as at the end of the reporting period for all amounts where the Group has a right to consideration in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Group’s performance completed to date (including franchise and management fees). Amounts received and not yet recognised related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied at 31 December 2019 are as follows: Expected to be recognised in: Less than one year Between one and two years Between two and three years Between three and four years Between four and five years More than five years Loyalty and co-brand $m Other $m 487 292 176 115 79 150 68 34 30 27 27 79 2019 Total $m 555 326 206 142 106 229 Loyalty and co-brand $m Other $m 502 257 158 106 75 160 70 31 26 22 20 79 2018 Total $m 572 288 184 128 95 239 1,299 265 1,564 1,258 248 1,506 Contract costs Movements in contract costs, typically developer commissions, are as follows: At 1 January Costs incurred Amortisation At 31 December Analysed as: Current Non-current 2019 $m 60 19 (7) 72 5 67 72 2018 $m 58 9 (7) 60 5 55 60 156 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 4. Staff costs and Directors’ emoluments Staff costs Wages and salaries Social security costs Pension and other post-retirement benefits: Defined benefit plans (note 27) Defined contribution plans Analysed as: Costs borne by IHGa Costs borne by the System Fundb Costs reimbursed 2019 $m 1,982 131 3 64 2018 $m 1,956 127 19 63 2017 $m 1,868 106 5 61 2,180 2,165 2,040 735 313 1,132 2,180 708 347 1,110 2,165 645 339 1,056 2,040 a Includes $9m (2018: $21m, 2017: $13m) classified as exceptional relating to the comprehensive efficiency programme. In 2018, included $15m classified as exceptional relating to termination of the US funded Inter-Continental Hotels Pension Plan. b Includes $8m (2018: $21m, 2017: $9m) relating to the comprehensive efficiency programme. Average number of employees, including part-time employees Employees whose costs are borne by IHG: Americas EMEAA Greater China Central Employees whose costs are borne by the System Fund Employees whose costs are reimbursed Directors’ emoluments Base salaries, fees, performance payments and benefits More detailed information on the emoluments, pensions, share awards and shareholdings for each Director is shown in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 96 to 109. 5. Auditor’s remuneration paid to Ernst & Young LLP Audit of the Financial Statementsa Audit of subsidiaries Audit-related assurance services Other assurance services Tax compliance Other non-audit services not covered by the above 2019 2018 2017 2,170 5,227 339 1,900 9,636 4,800 2,225 3,255 324 1,794 7,598 5,214 2,149 2,267 294 1,948 6,658 5,555 22,207 22,518 22,577 36,643 35,330 34,790 2019 $m 2018 $m 2017 $m 6.4 7.1 4.9 2019 $m 3.0 3.2 0.2 1.3 – 0.1 7.8 2018 $m 3.3 2.9 0.2 1.3 – 0.1 7.8 2017 $m 3.0 2.2 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.2 6.7 a Includes $nil (2018: $0.4m, 2017: $0.5m) of additional fees for specific procedures performed in relation to the implementation of new accounting standards. Audit fees in respect of the pension scheme were not material. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 157 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 6. Exceptional items Operating exceptional items: Administrative expenses: Acquisition and integration costs Litigation Reorganisation costs Pension settlement cost Other operating income and expenses: Gain on disposal of equity securities measured at fair value (note 17) Impairment charges: Goodwill (note 13) Management agreements (note 13) Right-of-use assets (note 15) Associates (note 16) Total operating exceptional items Fair value gains on contingent purchase consideration (note 25) Exceptional items before tax Tax: Tax on exceptional items Exceptional tax Total tax (note 8) Operating exceptional items analysed as: Americas EMEAA Greater China Central 2019 $m 2018 $m 2017 Restated $m (7) (28) (20) – (55) – – (49) (50) (32) – (131) (186) (15) (18) (56) (15) (104) – – – – – – – (104) 38 – (148) (104) 20 – 20 (62) (109) – (15) (186) 22 5 27 (36) (12) (1) (55) (104) (15) – (36) – (51) 73 73 – – – (18) (18) 4 – 4 (2) 87 85 37 (4) – (29) 4 Acquisition and integration costs Relates to the acquisitions of Six Senses, Regent and the UK portfolio (see note 11) and, in 2017, related to the cost of integrating Kimpton which was acquired on 16 January 2015. Litigation In 2019, primarily represents management’s best estimate of a settlement in respect of a lawsuit filed against the Group in the Americas region, together with the cost of an arbitration award made against the Group in the EMEAA region. In 2018, primarily related to a material settlement agreed in respect of a lawsuit filed against the Group in the Americas region, together with associated legal fees. Reorganisation costs In September 2017, the Group launched a comprehensive efficiency programme to fund a series of new strategic initiatives to drive an acceleration in IHG’s future growth. The programme is centred around strengthening the Group’s organisational structure to redeploy resources to leverage scale in the highest opportunity markets and segments. The programme was completed in 2019. The cost includes consultancy fees of $6m (2018: $25m, 2017: $24m) and severance costs of $8m (2018: $18m, 2017: $8m). An additional $28m (2018: $47m, 2017: $9m) has been charged to the System Fund. 158 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 6. Exceptional items continued Pension settlement cost Arose from the termination of the US funded Inter-Continental Hotels Pension Plan (see note 27). Tax on exceptional items In 2019, comprises a current tax credit of $4m on reorganisation costs (2018: $11m, 2017: $13m), a $6m deferred tax credit in respect of litigation costs (2018: $5m current tax credit), a $1m deferred tax charge representing the net tax impact of the right-of-use asset impairment and the fair value gain on contingent purchase consideration, a $13m deferred tax credit in relation to the management agreement impairment and a $2m prior year deferred tax charge relating to a 2014 disposal. Additionally, in 2018 there was a $6m tax credit ($5m current tax and $1m deferred tax) arising from the US pension settlement, a $2m current tax credit in respect of acquisition and integration costs (2017: deferred tax credit $6m) and a $2m prior year current tax charge on the 2017 sale of a minority investment (2017: $28m). Additionally in 2017 there was a $7m deferred tax credit in respect of the impairment charge relating to the InterContinental Barclay associate. Exceptional tax In 2018, related to a $5m tax credit in regard to US tax reform impacts. 2017 has been restated to reflect the re-measurement arising from the significant US tax reform on the deferred taxes created by IFRS 16. The 2017 restated amounts include $32m current tax charge and $109m deferred tax credit as a result of the US tax reform and a $10m deferred tax credit representing a reduction in the Group’s unremitted earnings provision. All items above relate to continuing operations. The above items are treated as exceptional by reason of their size or nature, as further described on page 145. 7. Finance costs Financial income Financial income on deposits and money market funds Interest income on loans and other assets Financial expenses Interest expense on bonds and syndicated facility Interest expense on lease liabilities Capitalised interest Unwind of discount on deferred purchase considerationa Other chargesb 2019 $m 2018 Restated $m 2017 Restated $m 3 3 6 78 41 (5) 1 6 121 2 3 5 61 39 (5) 1 5 101 1 3 4 58 39 (6) – 4 95 a Fair value gains/(losses) on contingent purchase consideration have been disclosed on the face of the Group income statement. The 2018 comparatives have been restated accordingly. b Other charges comprise bank charges and non-bank interest expense. During the year, $13m (2018: $14m, 2017: $7m) was payable to the IHG Rewards Club loyalty programme relating to interest on the accumulated balance of cash received in advance of the consumption of points awarded. The expense and corresponding System Fund interest income are eliminated within financial expenses. Capitalised interest relates to the System Fund. The rate used for capitalisation of interest was 3.1% (2018: 3.0%, 2017: 3.0%). The deferred purchase consideration relates to the Regent acquisition (see note 25). IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 159 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 8. Tax Tax on profit Income tax UK corporation tax at 19.00% (2018: 19.00%, 2017: 19.25%): Current period Adjustments in respect of prior periods Foreign tax: Current period Benefit of tax reliefs on which no deferred tax previously recognised Adjustments in respect of prior periods Total current tax Deferred tax: Origination and reversal of temporary differences Changes in tax rates and tax lawsa Adjustments to estimated recoverable deferred tax assetsb Adjustments in respect of prior periods Total deferred tax Total income tax charge for the year Further analysed as tax relating to: Profit before exceptional itemsc Exceptional items: Tax on exceptional items (note 6) Exceptional tax (note 6) a In 2017, predominantly reflects a change in US tax rates following significant US tax reforms. b Represents a reassessment of the recovery of recognised and off-balance sheet deferred tax assets in line with the Group’s profit forecasts. c Includes $113m (2018: $93m, 2017: $157m) in respect of US taxes. All items above relate to continuing operations. 2019 $m 2018 Restated $m 2017 Restated $m 5 13 18 154 (2) (11) 141 159 11 2 (2) (14) (3) 156 10 4 14 95 (1) (13) 81 95 39 1 (2) (1) 37 132 10 (2) 8 210 (13) 2 199 207 (8) (56) (9) (16) (89) 118 176 159 203 (20) – 156 (22) (5) 132 2 (87) 118 160 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 8. Tax continued Reconciliation of tax charge UK corporation tax at standard rate Tax credits System Fundc Impairment charges Other permanent differences Non-recoverable foreign taxesd Net effect of different rates of tax in overseas businessese Effects of changes in tax rates resulting from significant US tax reform Release of provision for taxation on unremitted earnings following significant US tax reform Transition tax liability arising from significant US tax reform Effect of other changes in tax rates and tax laws Benefit of tax reliefs on which no deferred tax previously recognised Effect of adjustments to estimated recoverable deferred tax assets Adjustment to tax charge in respect of prior periods a Calculated in relation to total profits including exceptional items and System Fund. b Calculated in relation to profits excluding exceptional items and System Fund earnings. c The System Fund is, in general, not subject to taxation. 2018 Restated % Totala 2017 Restated % 19.0 (0.5) 5.0 – 0.6 0.7 4.6 – – – 0.3 (0.4) 0.1 (2.0) 27.4 19.3 (0.5) 0.9 – 0.8 0.3 14.6 (8.7) (7.8) 4.8 0.3 (1.9) (1.4) (2.6) 18.1 2019 % 19.0 (0.8) 1.1 1.7 1.3 3.2 6.7 – – – (0.4) (0.4) (0.4) (2.2) 28.8 Before exceptional items and System Fundb 2018 Restated % 2017 Restated % 19.0 (0.3) (0.5) – 0.3 0.5 3.7 – – – 0.2 (0.3) 0.1 (1.0) 21.7 19.3 (0.5) (0.4) – 0.6 0.3 13.9 – – – 0.3 (1.8) (1.3) (1.1) 29.3 2019 % 19.0 (0.6) (0.5) – 0.8 2.4 5.5 – – – (0.3) (0.3) (0.3) (1.9) 23.8 d In 2018, IHG recognised a benefit in respect of foreign tax credits in the US that were carried back against 2017 tax. In 2019, this carry back benefit is not available which has led to an increase in irrecoverable tax by 1.8 percentage points on the underlying rate before exceptional items and System Fund. These credits are disclosed within unrecognised deferred tax. e Before exceptional items and System Fund includes 4.9 percentage points (2018: 4.2 percentage points, 2017: 13.3 percentage points) driven by the relatively high US federal tax rate. A reconciliation between total tax rate and tax rate before exceptional items and System Fund is shown below: Group income statement Adjust for: Exceptional items (note 6) System Fund Other Profit before tax $m 542 148 49 – 739 Tax $m 156 20 – – 176 2019 Rate % 28.8 Profit before tax $m 482 104 146 – 732 23.8 2018 Restated Rate % 27.4 Profit before tax $m 653 (4) 34 – 2017 Restated Rate % 18.1 Tax $m 118 85 – (3) 21.7 683 200 29.3 Tax $m 132 27 – – 159 Information concerning Non-GAAP measures can be found in the Strategic Report on pages 55 to 59. Tax paid Total net tax paid during the year of $141m (2018: $68m, 2017: $172m) comprises $141m (2018: $66m, 2017: $147m) paid in respect of operating activities and $nil (2018: $2m, 2017: $25m) paid in respect of investing activities. A reconciliation of tax paid to the total tax charge in the Group income statement is as follows: Current tax charge in the Group income statement Current tax credit in the Group statement of comprehensive income Current tax credit taken directly to equity Total current tax charge Movements to tax contingencies within the Group income statementa Timing differences of cash tax paid and foreign exchange differences Tax paid per cash flow a Tax contingency movements are included within the current tax charge but do not impact cash tax paid in the year. 2019 $m (159) 2 4 (153) 3 9 (141) 2018 $m (95) 1 8 (86) (4) 22 (68) 2017 $m (207) – 12 (195) (3) 26 (172) IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 161 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 8. Tax continued Current tax Within current tax payable is $33m (2018: $29m) in respect of uncertain tax positions. The calculation of the Group’s total tax charge involves consideration of applicable tax laws and regulations in many jurisdictions throughout the world. From time to time, the Group is subject to tax audits and uncertainties in these jurisdictions. The issues involved can be complex and disputes may take a number of years to resolve. Where the interpretation of local tax law is not clear, management relies on judgement and accounting estimates to ensure all uncertain tax positions are adequately provided for in the Group Financial Statements. This may involve consideration of some or all of the following factors: • strength of technical argument, impact of case law and clarity of legislation; • professional advice; • experience of interactions, and precedents set, with the particular taxing authority; and • agreements previously reached in other jurisdictions on comparable issues. The largest single contingency item within the current tax payable balance does not exceed $9m (2018: $8m). Deferred tax Property, plant, equipment and software $m Other intangible assets and contract assets Restated $m Application fees and contract costs $m Deferred gains on loan notes $m Deferred gains on investments $m Losses $m Employee benefits $m Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries $m Other short-term temporary differencesa Restated $m Total Restated $m At 1 January 2018 Group income statement Assets of businesses acquired Group statement of comprehensive income Group statement of changes in equity Exchange and other adjustments (98) (26) 4 – – – (2) (8) (11) – – – At 31 December 2018 (120) (21) Group income statement Assets of businesses acquired Group statement of comprehensive income Exchange and other adjustments – – – 1 1 – – 1 25 4 – – – – 29 (2) – – – (34) (1) – – – – (35) 1 – – – (54) (2) – – – – (56) (2) – – – 40 (4) – – – (1) 35 (9) – – 1 20 – – (2) – – 18 – – 1 1 At 31 December 2019 (119) (19) 27 (34) (58) 27 20 a Primarily relates to provisions, accruals, share-based payments, right-of-use assets, lease liabilities and contingent purchase consideration. – (2) – – – – (2) 2 – – – – 86 2 10 (2) (5) – 91 12 2 (1) – (17) (37) 3 (4) (5) (1) (61) 3 2 – 4 104 (52) Deferred gains on investments represent tax which would crystallise upon a sale of a related joint venture, associate or other equity investment. Deferred gains on loan notes represent tax which is expected to fall due for payment in 2025 (2018: 2025). The deferred tax asset recognised in respect of losses of $27m (2018: $35m) is wholly in respect of revenue losses. A deferred tax asset of $4m (2018: $nil) is recognised in a legal entity which suffered a tax loss in the current or preceding period. This deferred tax asset has been recognised on the basis of the future expected performance of the entity in question. Offset against deferred tax assets is $nil (2018: $nil) in respect of uncertain tax positions. The closing balance is further analysed by key territory as follows: UK US Other Property, plant, equipment and software $m Other intangible assets and contract assets $m Application fees and contract costs $m Deferred gains on loan notes $m Deferred gains on investments $m Losses $m Employee benefits $m Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries $m Other short-term temporary differences $m 6 (125) – (119) 5 (18) (6) (19) (1) 33 (5) 27 – (34) – (34) – (58) – (58) 21 1 5 27 4 16 – 20 – – – – 20 74 10 104 Total $m 55 (111) 4 (52) 162 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 8. Tax continued The analysis of the deferred tax balance after considering the offset of assets and liabilities within entities where there is a legal right to do so is as follows: Analysed as: Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities 2019 $m 66 (118) (52) 2018 Restated $m 63 (124) (61) The Group does not recognise deferred tax assets if it cannot anticipate being able to offset them against future profits or gains. The total unrecognised deferred tax position is as follows: Revenue losses Capital losses Total losses Foreign tax credits Leases Othera Gross Unrecognised deferred tax 2019 $m 413 541 954 13 25 2 2018 Restated $m 448 516 964 – 25 24 994 1,013 2019 $m 65 95 160 13 7 1 181 2018 Restated $m 67 90 157 – 7 7 171 a Primarily relates to costs incurred in prior years for which relief has not been obtained. There is no expiry date to any of the above unrecognised assets other than for the losses and foreign tax credits as shown in the table below: Expiry date: 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 After 2025 Gross Unrecognised deferred tax 2019 $m 2018 $m 2019 $m 2018 $m 2 31 10 2 4 91 24 – 28 10 1 4 92 46 – 6 2 – 1 20 17 – 6 2 – – 21 3 No deferred tax liability has been recognised in respect of $0.9bn (2018: $0.8bn) of taxable temporary differences relating to subsidiaries (comprising undistributed earnings and net inherent gains) because the Group is in a position to control the timing of the reversal of these temporary differences and it is probable that such differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Tax risks, policies and governance Information concerning the Group’s tax governance can be found in the Taxation section of the Strategic Report on page 73. Factors that may affect the future tax charge Many factors will affect the Group’s future tax rate, the key ones being future legislative developments, future profitability of underlying subsidiaries and tax uncertainties. There are many potential future changes to worldwide taxation systems as a result of the potential adoption by individual territories of recommendations of the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project, and other similar initiatives being driven by the OECD, governments and tax authorities. The Group continues to monitor activity in this area. At the current time, the exact detail of the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union remains unknown. Based upon the Group’s profile and areas that have been publicly discussed, the Group does not anticipate the exit to cause a material impact on its future underlying effective tax rate. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 163 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 9. Dividends Paid during the year: Final (declared for previous year) Interim Special (note 29) 2019 cents per share 2018 cents per share 2017 cents per share 78.1 39.9 262.1 380.1 71.0 36.3 – 107.3 64.0 33.0 202.5 299.5 2019 $m 139 72 510 721 2018 $m 130 69 – 199 2017 $m 127 62 404 593 Proposed (not recognised as a liability at 31 December): Final 85.9 78.1 71.0 156 141 135 The final dividend of 85.9¢ per ordinary share is proposed for approval at the Annual General Meeting (AGM) on 7 May 2020 and is payable on the shares in issue at 3 April 2020. 10. Earnings per ordinary share Basic earnings per ordinary share is calculated by dividing the profit for the year available for IHG equity holders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares, excluding investment in own shares, in issue during the year. Diluted earnings per ordinary share is calculated by adjusting basic earnings per ordinary share to reflect the notional exercise of the weighted average number of dilutive ordinary share awards outstanding during the year. Adjusted earnings per ordinary share is disclosed in order to show performance undistorted by exceptional items and changes in the fair value of contingent purchase consideration, to give a more meaningful comparison of the Group’s performance. Additionally, earnings attributable to the System Fund are excluded from the calculation of adjusted earnings per ordinary share, as IHG has an agreement with the IHG Owners Association to spend Fund income for the benefit of hotels in the IHG System such that the Group does not make a gain or loss from operating the Fund over the longer term. IHG also records an interest charge on the outstanding cash balance relating to the IHG Rewards Club programme. These interest payments are recognised as interest income for the Fund and interest expense for IHG. The Fund also benefits from the capitalisation of interest related to the development of the next-generation Guest Reservation System. As the Fund is included in the Group income statement, these amounts are included in reported Group net financial expenses. Given that all results related to the Fund are excluded from the calculation of adjusted earnings per ordinary share, these interest amounts are deducted from profit available for equity holders. Continuing and total operations Basic earnings per ordinary share Profit available for equity holders ($m) Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) Basic earnings per ordinary share (cents) Diluted earnings per ordinary share Profit available for equity holders ($m) Diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) Diluted earnings per ordinary share (cents) Adjusted earnings per ordinary share Profit available for equity holders ($m) Adjusting items: System Fund revenues and expenses ($m) Interest attributable to the System Fund ($m) Tax attributable to the System Fund ($m) Operating exceptional items ($m) (note 6) Change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration ($m) (note 25)a Tax on exceptional items ($m) (note 6) Exceptional tax ($m) (note 6) Adjusted earnings ($m) Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) Adjusted earnings per ordinary share (cents) Adjusted diluted earnings per ordinary share Adjusted earnings ($m) Diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) Adjusted diluted earnings per ordinary share (cents) a Adjusted earnings per ordinary share for 2018 has been restated to exclude the change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration. 164 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 2019 2018 Restated 2017 Restated 385 183 210.4 385 184 209.2 349 190 183.7 349 192 181.8 534 193 276.7 534 194 275.3 385 349 534 49 (18) – 186 (27) (20) – 555 183 146 (19) – 104 4 (22) (5) 557 190 34 (13) 3 (4) – 2 (87) 469 193 303.3 293.2 243.0 555 184 557 192 301.6 290.1 469 194 241.8 10. Earnings per ordinary share continued Diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares is calculated as: Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares Dilutive potential ordinary shares Information concerning Non-GAAP measures can be found in the Strategic Report on pages 55 to 59. 11. Acquisition of businesses 2019 millions 2018 millions 2017 millions 183 1 184 190 2 192 193 1 194 Six Senses On 12 February 2019, the Group acquired a 100% ownership interest in Six Senses Hotels Resorts Spas (Six Senses). Six Senses is a leading operator of top-tier luxury hotels, resorts and spas with a world-renowned reputation for wellness and sustainability. Six Senses will sit at the top of IHG’s luxury portfolio. Six Senses contributed revenue of $38m and an operating loss of $7m for the period between the date of acquisition and the balance sheet date. The results of Six Senses are included in the EMEAA and Greater China reportable segments. If the acquisition had taken place at 1 January 2019, there would have been no material difference to reported Group revenue and operating profit for the year ended 31 December 2019. The fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and the purchase consideration, have been finalised and reflect facts and circumstances that existed at the date of acquisition: Identifiable intangible assets: Brands Management agreements Right-of-use assets Other non-current assets Trade and other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Other current assets Trade and other payables Lease liabilities Other liabilities Net identifiable assets acquired Goodwill Total purchase consideration Comprising: Cash paid on acquisition, including working capital settlement Contingent purchase considerationa $m 189 45 19 8 12 7 1 (14) (19) (2) 246 58 304 299 5 304 a Payable upon certain conditions being met relating to a pipeline property. The range of possible outcomes is $nil to $5m. The goodwill is attributable to the global growth opportunities identified for the acquired business. The full amount of goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. At the date of acquisition, the fair value of trade receivables was $8m, with a corresponding carrying value of $10m. The difference between the fair value and the carrying amount reflects the expected credit loss. No contingent liabilities were recognised as a result of the acquisition. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 165 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 11. Acquisition of businesses continued UK portfolio – acquisition of additional hotels On 14 February 2019, following on from the UK portfolio deal completed in 2018 to operate 10 UK hotels under long-term leases from Covivio (see below), the Group added a further two hotels to the portfolio bringing the total hotels in the UK portfolio to 12. The total purchase consideration for the two hotels was $11m, comprising purchase consideration of $1m and contingent purchase consideration of $10m. The contingent purchase consideration has been revalued as at 31 December 2019, (see note 25). The two additional hotels contributed revenue of $15m and an operating profit of $1m for the period between the date of acquisition and the balance sheet date. The results of the hotels are included in the EMEAA business segment. If the acquisition had taken place at 1 January 2019, there would have been no material difference to reported Group revenue and operating profit for the year ended 31 December 2019. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed primarily comprise goodwill of $12m, of which $nil is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes, and a right-of-use asset of $6m offset by an equal lease liability. The goodwill was attributable to the trading potential of the acquired hotel operations and growth opportunities. Acquisitions completed in 2018 Regent On 1 July 2018, the Group completed the acquisition of a 51% controlling interest in an agreement with Formosa International Hotels Corporation (FIH) to acquire the Regent Hotels and Resorts brand and associated management agreements (Regent). The Group acquired 51% of the issued share capital of Regent Hospitality Worldwide, Inc (RHW), 100% of the issued share capital of Regent International Hotels Limited and 100% of the issued share capital of Regent Berlin GmbH. Put and call options exist over the remaining 49% shareholding in RHW which are exercisable in a phased manner from 2026. As the decision-making powers related to the remaining shares are not substantive in driving RHW’s returns and FIH do not share in any costs associated with the future development of the Regent brand, it has been determined that the Group has a present ownership interest in the remaining shares. As such, RHW has been accounted for as 100% owned with no non-controlling interest recognised. The total purchase consideration was $88m, comprising $13m paid on acquisition, $22m of deferred purchase consideration and $53m of contingent purchase consideration. The contingent purchase consideration has been revalued as at 31 December 2019, (see note 25). The fair value of the net assets acquired was $53m, including brands of $57m and management agreements of $6m. Goodwill recognised was $35m. UK portfolio On 25 July 2018, the Group completed a deal to operate nine hotels under long-term leases from Covivio (formerly Foncière des Régions) which operated under the Principal and De Vere Hotels brands. An additional leased hotel was added to the portfolio on 13 November 2018 bringing the total to 10 at 31 December 2018. The total purchase consideration was $62m, comprising $9m paid on acquisition, a working capital refund of $3m and $56m of contingent purchase consideration. The contingent purchase consideration has been revalued as at 31 December 2019, (see note 25). The fair value of the net assets acquired was $14m, including property, plant and equipment of $25m and a deferred tax asset of $14m, less deferred revenue of $8m, a stamp duty liability of $14m and net working capital of $6m. Following adoption of IFRS 16, a right-of-use asset of $51m was recognised, offset by an equal lease liability. Goodwill, initially recognised as $48m, was increased by $4m in the current year due to the finalisation of the provisional fair values assigned to working capital balances. Goodwill and the right-of-use asset were subsequently impaired during 2019, (see note 13). Cash flows relating to acquisitions Cash paid on acquisition, including working capital settlement Settlement of stamp duty liability Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired Less: working capital settlement received in year following acquisition Net cash outflow arising on acquisitions 2019 $m 299 3 (7) (3) 292 2018 $m 22 14 (2) – 34 166 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 12. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale One hotel, the Holiday Inn Melbourne Airport, which is included in the EMEAA business segment, is classified as held for sale at 31 December 2019. During the year, the Group entered into an agreement to sell its interest in the hotel for $2m. The sale and assignment of the lease is expected to complete in early 2020. On reclassification as held for sale there was no change to the carrying value. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale Assets classified as held for sale: Property, plant and equipment Right-of-use assets Trade and other receivables Liabilities classified as held for sale: Trade and other payables Lease liabilities 2019 $m 3 15 1 19 (2) (20) (22) IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 167 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 13. Goodwill and other intangible assets Goodwill $m Brands $m Software $m Management agreements $m Other intangibles $m Total $m Cost At 1 January 2018 Acquisition of businesses (note 11) Additions Capitalised interest Disposals Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2018 Acquisition of businesses (note 11) Additions Capitalised interest Disposals Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2019 Amortisation and impairment At 1 January 2018 Provided System Fund expense Disposals Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2018 Provided System Fund expense Impairment charges Disposals Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2019 Net book value At 31 December 2019 At 31 December 2018 At 1 January 2018 377 83 – – – (5) 455 70 4 – – – 193 58 – – – (1) 250 189 – – – – 529 439 – – – – – – – – – – – – (140) – – – (2) (142) – – (49) – 1 (190) 339 313 237 745 – 107 5 (72) (4) 781 – 98 5 (22) 2 864 (281) (36) (37) 67 6 (281) (35) (46) – 22 – 71 6 – – – – 77 45 – – – – 122 (7) (3) – – – (10) (3) – (50) – – 13 1,399 – 5 – – – 18 – 6 – – (1) 23 (4) (1) – – – (5) (2) (1) – – – 147 112 5 (72) (10) 1,581 304 108 5 (22) 1 1,977 (432) (40) (37) 67 4 (438) (40) (47) (99) 22 1 (340) (63) (8) (601) 439 250 193 524 500 464 59 67 64 15 13 9 1,376 1,143 967 Goodwill and brands Brands Brands relate to the acquisitions of Kimpton ($193m), Regent ($57m) and Six Senses ($189m). They are each considered to have an indefinite life given their strong brand awareness and reputation, and management’s commitment to continued investment in their growth. The brands are protected by trademarks and there are not believed to be any legal, regulatory or contractual provisions that limit the useful lives of the brands. In the hotel industry there are a number of brands that have existed for many years and IHG has brands that are over 60 years old. 168 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 13. Goodwill and other intangible assets continued Allocation of goodwill and brands to CGUs The Group’s cash-generating units (CGUs) reflect the Group’s geographical regions, differentiated where material between franchised and managed operations, together with the UK portfolio. The carrying value of goodwill and indefinite life brands were allocated to CGUs for year-end impairment testing purposes as follows: CGU Americas Managed Americas Franchised EMEAA – Europe Managed EMEAA – Europe Franchised EMEAA – rest of region Greater China UK portfolio Allocated to CGUs Unallocateda Less: UK portfolio impairment Net book value at 31 December Goodwill $m 2019 Brands $m Goodwill $m 2018 Brands $m 95 37 48 10 140 9 49 388 – 388 (49) 339 289 – 46 – 88 16 – 439 – 439 – 439 69 37 29 10 113 7 – 265 48 313 – 313 203 – 13 – 23 11 – 250 – 250 – 250 a The UK portfolio goodwill remained unallocated at 31 December 2018 pending completion of the portfolio acquisition in early 2019. Impairment testing other than the UK portfolio The recoverable amounts of the CGUs have been determined from value in use calculations. These calculations include a three-year period using pre-tax cash flow forecasts derived from the most recent financial budgets approved by management, incorporating growth rates based on management’s past experience and industry growth forecasts. The key assumptions that underpin the financial budgets are RevPAR growth and net System size growth. RevPAR is based on market forecasts provided by Oxford Economics adjusted for historical experience of how the Group has performed compared to these expectations. Cash flows beyond the three-year period are extrapolated using terminal growth rates that do not exceed the average long-term growth rates for the relevant markets. A 10% contingency factor is applied to reduce all cash flow projections before being discounted using pre-tax rates that are based on the Group’s weighted average cost of capital adjusted to reflect the risks specific to the business model and territory of the CGU being tested. The terminal growth rates and discount rates used, which are considered to be key assumptions, are as follows: Americas Managed Americas Franchised EMEAA – Europe Managed EMEAA – Europe Franchised EMEAA – rest of region Greater China Terminal growth rate % 2019 Pre-tax discount rate % Terminal growth rate % 2018 Pre-tax discount rate % 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.5 3.3 2.5 9.6 8.6 8.9 7.9 11.6 10.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.5 2.5 10.5 9.6 11.4 10.5 13.4 12.3 Impairment was not required at either 31 December 2019 or 31 December 2018. Given the contingency factor applied to the cash flow projections and the significant amounts by which the recoverable amounts of the CGUs exceed their carrying amounts, management have determined that impairment charges would not arise from reasonably possible changes in the key assumptions. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 169 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 13. Goodwill and other intangible assets continued UK portfolio For impairment testing of the UK portfolio, which is reported within the EMEAA reportable segment, each hotel is deemed to be a CGU. The 12 individual hotels are treated as a group for impairment testing of goodwill and the IFRS 16 right-of-use asset, as neither of these assets can be allocated to individual hotels other than on an arbitrary basis. The right-of-use asset cannot be allocated as there is one framework lease which covers all of the hotels, and the ‘in-substance fixed’ payments recognised as a lease liability arise from the rent guarantee which relates to the whole portfolio. The UK portfolio has experienced trading disruption in the year as a result of renovations and re-branding of these hotels and increasingly challenging trading conditions in 2019. Management has reassessed its short and medium-term forecasts which assume that some disruption continues into 2020, and that hotels see progressive trading improvements when the renovation and re-branding projects complete. The recoverable amount of the UK portfolio as at 31 December 2019 has been determined based on a value in use calculation using cash flow projections for a five-year period. These cash flow projections use pre-tax cash flow forecasts derived from the most recent financial budgets approved by management, incorporating growth rates from industry forecasts and management’s expectation of growth in the hotels following completion of the renovation and re-branding projects. Cash flows from 2025 to the end of the lease term are extrapolated using a 1.5% growth rate that is in line with the long-term average growth rate for the UK hotel industry. The pre-tax discount rate applied to the cash flow projections is 9.7%. As a result of this analysis, management has recognised an impairment charge of $81m in the current year; $49m against the carrying value of the goodwill, which is now written down to $nil, and $32m against the right-of-use asset. The impairment charge is recorded as a separate line in the Group income statement. The sensitivity of the value in use calculation to changes in key assumptions is disclosed on page 140. No impairment of the hotels’ property, plant and equipment was required, based on the fair value less costs to sell of these assets. A replacement cost methodology was used to value these assets, which were either initially recognised at fair value on acquisition or acquired during 2019. The same underlying cash flows are used to measure the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liability, which was reduced by $38m in the year (see note 25) resulting in a corresponding gain in the Group income statement. The net impact before tax therefore resulting from the reassessment of the hotel cash flows was a $43m charge to the Group income statement, being impairment of $81m less the fair value gain of $38m, and an equivalent reduction in net assets. The IFRS 16 lease accounting for the UK portfolio is set out in note 15. Software Software includes $288m relating to the development of the next-generation Guest Reservation System with Amadeus. Of this amount, $135m relating to Phase 2 of the project is not yet being amortised as Phase 2 has not been completed and rolled out to hotels. Phase 1 is being amortised over 10 years, with nine years remaining at 31 December 2019, reflecting the Group’s experience of the long life of guest reservation systems and the initial term over which the Group is party to a technology agreement with Amadeus. Substantially all software additions are internally developed. Management agreements Management agreements relate to contracts recognised at fair value on acquisition. The impairment charge of $50m relates to the Kimpton management contract portfolio acquired in 2015 and results from revised expectations regarding future trading, the rate of hotel exits ('attrition') and the cost of retaining hotels in the portfolio. The net book value tested for impairment includes related contract assets. The recoverable amount is based on value in use calculations using management fee projections based on near-term industry projected growth rates for the US upper upscale sector and a long-term stabilised growth rate of 2.0%. The projected income flows have been discounted at a rate of 8.0% (2018: 9.0%). The sensitivity of the value in use calculations to changes in key assumptions is disclosed on page 140. At 31 December 2019, the net book value and remaining amortisation period of the most significant acquired management agreements were: Kimpton Six Senses (note 11) Net book value $m 10 44 Remaining amortisation period Years 20 30 The weighted average remaining amortisation period for all management agreements is 26 years (2018: 25 years). 170 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 14. Property, plant and equipment Cost At 1 January 2018 Acquisition of businesses (note 11) Additions Fully depreciated assets written off Disposals Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2018 Acquisition of businesses (note 11) Additions Transfers to assets classified as held for sale (note 12) Fully depreciated assets written off Disposals Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2019 Depreciation and impairment At 1 January 2018 Provided System Fund expense Fully depreciated assets written off Disposals Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2018 Provided System Fund expense Transfers to assets classified as held for sale (note 12) Fully depreciated assets written off Disposals At 31 December 2019 Net book value At 31 December 2019 At 31 December 2018 At 1 January 2018 Land and buildings Restated $m Fixtures, fittings and equipment $m Total $m 654 26 47 (178) (29) (7) 513 2 77 (12) (62) (6) 2 514 449 26 39 (167) (29) (4) 314 1 68 (12) (60) (6) 2 307 (326) (404) (34) (8) 167 25 8 (168) (35) (2) 9 60 4 (40) (8) 178 25 9 (240) (38) (2) 9 62 4 205 – 8 (11) – (3) 199 1 9 – (2) – – 207 (78) (6) – 11 – 1 (72) (3) – – 2 – (73) (132) (205) 134 127 127 175 146 123 309 273 250 The Group’s property, plant and equipment mainly comprises buildings and leasehold improvements on 26 open hotels (2018: 23 open hotels), but also offices and computer hardware, throughout the world. The table below analyses the net book value of the Group’s property, plant and equipment by operating segment at 31 December 2019: Land and buildings Fixtures, fittings and equipment Americas $m EMEAA $m 120 43 163 1 55 56 Greater China $m – – – Central $m 13 77 90 Total $m 134 175 309 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 171 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 15. Leases Right-of-use assets Cost At 1 January 2018 Additions and other re-measurements Acquisition of businesses (note 11) Terminations Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2018 Additions and other re-measurements Acquisition of businesses (note 11) Transfers to assets classified as held for sale (note 12) Terminations Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2019 Depreciation and impairment At 1 January 2018 Provided System Fund expense Terminations Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2018 Provided System Fund expense Impairment charge Transfers to assets classified as held for sale (note 12) Terminations Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2019 Net book value At 31 December 2019 At 31 December 2018 At 1 January 2018 Property $m Other $m Total $m 740 19 51 (8) (10) 792 39 25 (23) (15) 4 822 (257) (34) (4) 8 5 (282) (37) (5) (32) 8 14 (1) 10 1 – (6) – 5 1 – – (1) – 5 (7) (1) – 6 – (2) (1) – – – 1 – 750 20 51 (14) (10) 797 40 25 (23) (16) 4 827 (264) (35) (4) 14 5 (284) (38) (5) (32) 8 15 (1) (335) (2) (337) 487 510 483 3 3 3 490 513 486 The Group’s leased assets mainly comprise hotels and offices. Leases contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. The term of property leases ranges from 1-99 years. The weighted average lease term remaining on the Group’s top ten leases (which comprise 91% of the right-of-use asset net book value) is 42 years. Many of the Group’s property leases contain extension or early termination options, which are used for operational flexibility. Two of the Group’s top ten leases contain material extension options which are not included in the calculation of the lease asset and liability as neither of these extensions would take effect before 2031. The value of the undiscounted rental payments relating to these two leases and not included in the value of the lease asset and liability is $525m. 172 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 15. Leases continued Lease liabilities Total lease liabilities are analysed as follows: Denominated in the following currencies: US dollars Sterling Euros Other Analysed as: Current Non-current Amounts recognised in profit or loss The following amounts were recognised as expense/(income) in the year: Depreciation of right-of-use assets System Fund depreciation of right-of-use assets Expense relating to variable lease payments Expense relating to short-term leases and low-value assets Income from sub-leasing right-of-use assets Impairment charge Recognised in operating profit Interest on lease liabilities Total recognised in the Group income statement 2019 $m 514 52 43 51 660 65 595 660 2018 $m 35 4 48 3 (2) – 88 39 127 2018 $m 528 61 29 52 670 55 615 670 2017 $m 34 5 30 2 (2) – 69 39 108 2019 $m 38 5 58 3 (2) 32 134 41 175 Amounts recognised in the Group statement of cash flows As restated for IFRS 16, total cash paid during the year relating to leases of $159m (2018: $132m, 2017: $87m) comprises $100m (2018: $97m, 2017: $62m) paid in respect of operating activities and $59m (2018: $35m, 2017: $25m) paid in respect of financing activities. Variable lease payments Variable lease payments are payable under certain of the Group’s hotel leases and arise where the Group is committed to making additional lease payments that are contingent on the performance of the hotels. The UK portfolio and two German hotel leases include variable lease payments where rentals are linked to the performance of the hotels by way of reductions in rentals in the event that lower than target cash flows are generated by the hotels. In the event that rent reductions are not applicable, the Group’s exposure to this type of rental payment in excess of amounts reflected in the measurement of lease liabilities is as follows: • UK portfolio: £46m per annum over the remaining lease term of 24 years, • German hotels: €16m per annum over the next six years and €10m per annum for the next 24 years thereafter. Additional rentals, which are uncapped, are also payable in respect of these hotels and are calculated as a percentage of the profit earned by the hotels. The UK and German leases also contain guarantees that the Group will fund any shortfalls in lease payments up to annual and cumulative caps. There are a limited number of options for the Group to top up the guaranteed amount in the event the guarantee is utilised beyond a certain level. Although there are scenarios in which rent reductions would apply such that no rent would be payable, management consider the likelihood of these occurring to be remote. As such, the cumulative guaranteed amount is judged to be an ‘in-substance fixed’ lease payment and therefore recognised as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the lease term and the lease liability is reduced by the amount of rental payments under the guarantee. During the year, total depreciation of $3m (2018: $2m, 2017: $1m) was charged to the income statement and total lease payments of $26m (2018: $3m) were charged against the lease liability. The right-of-use asset relating to the UK portfolio was impaired by $32m during the year (see note 13) and rental payments of $17m (2018: $3m) were charged against the lease liability in respect of this portfolio. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 173 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 15. Leases continued Exposure to future cash outflows At 31 December 2019, the Group was committed to future cash outflows of $3m (2018: $1m) relating to leases that have not yet commenced. These will be recorded as a lease liability when the leased assets are available for use by the Group. The maturity analysis of lease liabilities is disclosed in note 24. The undiscounted future cash flows receivable from sub-leased properties amount to $3m (2018: $3m, 2017: $4m). 16. Investment in associates and joint ventures Cost At 1 January 2018 Additions Share of (losses)/gains Dividends and distributions Exchange At 31 December 2018 Additions Share of (losses)/gains Dividends Exchange At 31 December 2019 Impairment At 1 January 2018 Exchange At 31 December 2018 Exchange At 31 December 2019 Net book value At 31 December 2019 At 31 December 2018 At 1 January 2018 Associates $m Joint ventures $m Total $m 151 3 (6) (5) (3) 140 14 (3) (7) 1 145 (37) 1 (36) 1 (35) 110 104 114 27 – 5 (32) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 27 178 3 (1) (37) (3) 140 14 (3) (7) 1 145 (37) 1 (36) 1 (35) 110 104 141 Barclay associate The Group held one material associate investment at 31 December 2019, a 19.9% interest in 111 East 48th Street Holdings, LLC (the ‘Barclay associate’) which owns InterContinental New York Barclay (the hotel), a hotel managed by the Group. The hotel reopened for trading in April 2016 following a major renovation. The investment is classified as an associate and equity accounted. Whilst the Group has the ability to exercise significant influence through certain decision rights, approval rights relating to the hotel’s operating and capital budgets rest solely with the 80.1% majority member. The Group’s ability to receive cash dividends is dependent on the hotel generating sufficient income to satisfy specified owner returns. In March 2017, the Group invested $43m in the Barclay associate in conjunction with a refinancing of the hotel. The cash was used to repay a $43m supplemental bank loan for which the Group had previously provided an indemnity for 100% of the related obligations. As a consequence, the indemnity was extinguished. Impairment charges of $18m in 2017, related to the Barclay associate, resulted from the depressed trading outlook for the New York hotel market and the high costs of renovating the hotel. The recoverable amount of the investment was measured at its fair value less costs of disposal, based on the Group’s share of the market value of the hotel less debt in the associate. The hotel was appraised by a professional external valuer using an income capitalisation approach which is a discounted cash flow technique that measures the present value of projected income flows (over a 10-year period) and the reversion of the property sale. Within the fair value hierarchy, this is categorised as a Level 3 fair value measurement. In addition to the projected income flows, the key assumptions used were a discount rate of 7.3% and a terminal capitalisation rate of 6.3%. 174 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 16. Investment in associates and joint ventures continued Summarised financial information in respect of the Barclay associate is set out below: Non-current assets Current assets Current liabilities Non-current liabilities Net assets Group share of reported net assets at 19.9% Adjustments to reflect capitalised costs, and additional rights and obligations under the shareholder agreement Carrying amount Revenue Loss from continuing operations and total comprehensive loss for the period Group’s share of loss for the period, including the cost of funding owner returns 31 December 2019 $m 31 December 2018 $m 515 75 (22) (323) 245 49 4 53 529 70 (17) (319) 263 52 7 59 12 months to 31 December 2019 $m 108 (17) (10) 12 months to 31 December 2018 $m 103 (13) (8) Other associates and joint ventures The summarised aggregated financial information for individually immaterial associates and joint ventures is set out below. These are mainly investments in entities that own hotels which the Group manages. Associates Joint ventures 2019 $m 2018 $m 2017 $m 2019 $m 2018 $m 2017 $m 2019 $m 2018 $m Total 2017 $m Share of gains/(losses) Operating profits before exceptional items 7 2 6 – 5 1 7 7 7 During 2018, the Group received a distribution of $32m from a joint venture following the sale of the hotel owned by the joint venture. 17. Other financial assets Equity securities: Quoted equity shares Unquoted equity shares Restricted funds: Shortfall reserve deposit Ring-fenced amounts to satisfy insurance claims: Cash Money market funds Bank accounts pledged as security Other Trade deposits and loansa Analysed as: Current Non-current a Includes $3m (2018: $nil) measured at fair value through profit or loss. 2019 $m 8 125 133 25 11 16 41 5 98 57 2018 $m 8 108 116 25 12 16 40 2 95 50 288 261 4 284 288 1 260 261 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 175 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 17. Other financial assets continued Equity securities Equity securities are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income and mainly comprise strategic investments in entities that own hotels which the Group manages. The fair value of the most significant investments at 31 December 2019 together with the dividend income received in 2019 is as follows: Investment in entity which owns: InterContinental The Willard Washington DC InterContinental San Francisco InterContinental Grand Stanford Hong Kong a Reported within ‘other operating income’ in the Group income statement. 2019 Dividend incomea $m Fair value $m 36 31 23 1 2 1 On 13 December 2017, the sale of Avendra, LLC (Avendra) to Aramark Services, Inc., resulted in the Group receiving cash proceeds of $75m from its 6.29% interest in Avendra and the recording of a $73m exceptional gain in the Group income statement (see note 6). Prior to the sale, the Group’s investment in Avendra was included in unquoted equity shares. Avendra is a North American hospitality procurement services provider. Restricted funds The shortfall reserve deposit is held for the specific purpose of funding shortfalls in owner returns relating to the Barclay associate. No amounts required release from the deposit during the current or prior year. Any shortfalls funded are subject to potential clawback in future years. The maximum length of time for which the restricted funds will be held is the life of the hotel management agreement. Amounts ring-fenced to satisfy insurance claims are principally held in the Group’s Captive, which is a regulated entity. Further disclosures are included in note 21. The bank accounts pledged as security (£31m) are subject to a charge in favour of the members of the UK unfunded pension arrangement (see note 27). The amounts pledged as security may change in future years subject to the trustees’ agreement and updated actuarial valuations. The bank accounts will continue to be pledged as security until the date at which the UK unfunded pension liabilities have been fully discharged, unless otherwise agreed with the trustees. Trade deposits and loans Trade deposits and loans include deposits of $66m (2018: $66m) made to a hotel owner in connection with a portfolio of management agreements. The deposits are non-interest-bearing and repayable at the end of the management agreement terms, and are therefore held at a discounted value of $32m (2018: $30m); the discount unwinds to the Group income statement within ‘financial income’ over the period to repayment. Credit risk Restricted funds are held with bank counterparties which are rated at least A+ based on Standard and Poor’s ratings. Trade deposits and loans are not past due. The maximum exposure to credit risk of other financial assets at the end of the reporting period by geographic region is as follows: Americas EMEAA Greater China 2019 $m 169 81 38 288 2018 $m 162 68 31 261 176 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 18. Trade and other receivables Current Trade receivables Other receivables Prepayments Receivables from associates 2019 $m 514 37 114 1 666 2018 Restated $m 474 27 108 1 610 Trade and other receivables are held at amortised cost. Trade receivables are non-interest-bearing and are generally on payment terms of up to 30 days. The fair value of trade and other receivables approximates their carrying value. Expected credit losses The ageing of trade and other receivables, excluding prepayments, at the end of the reporting period is: Not past due Past due 1 to 30 days Past due 31 to 90 days Past due more than 90 days Gross $m 400 74 56 40 570 Credit loss allowance $m (3) (3) (5) (7) (18) 2019 Net $m 397 71 51 33 552 Gross $m 356 71 52 34 513 Credit loss allowance $m (1) (1) (2) (7) (11) 2018 Net $m 355 70 50 27 502 Trade and other receivables over 180 days past due are written off, but continue to be actively pursued. The credit risk relating to balances not past due is not deemed to be significant. The movement in the allowance for expected lifetime credit losses of trade and other receivables during the year is as follows: At 1 January Adjustment arising on adoption of IFRS 9a Provided Amounts written back Amounts written off Exchange adjustments At 31 December 2019 $m (11) – (20) – 14 (1) (18) 2018 $m (77) 67 (28) – 26 1 (11) a IFRS 9 was applied from 1 January 2018. Under the transition method chosen, comparative information was not restated. Credit risk The Group trades only with recognised, creditworthy third parties. It is the Group’s policy that all customers who wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures. The maximum exposure to credit risk for trade and other receivables, excluding prepayments, at the end of the reporting period by geographic region is as follows: Americas EMEAA Greater China 2019 $m 359 141 52 552 2017 $m (69) – (15) 2 6 (1) (77) 2018 $m 325 125 52 502 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 177 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 19. Cash and cash equivalents Cash at bank and in hand Short-term deposits Money market funds Repurchase agreements Cash and cash equivalents as recorded in the Group statement of financial position Bank overdrafts (note 22) Cash and cash equivalents as recorded in the Group statement of cash flows 2019 $m 160 – 35 – 195 (87) 108 2018 $m 202 158 76 268 704 (104) 600 Cash at bank and in hand includes bank balances of $95m (2018: $106m) which are matched by bank overdrafts of $87m (2018: $104m) under the Group’s cash pooling arrangements. Under these arrangements, each pool contains a number of bank accounts with the same financial institution and the Group pays interest on net overdraft balances within each pool. The cash pools are used for day-to-day cash management purposes and are managed as closely as possible to a zero balance on a net basis for each pool. Overseas subsidiaries are typically in a cash-positive position with the matching overdrafts held by the Group’s central treasury company in the UK. Short-term deposits, money market funds and repurchase agreements are highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. At 31 December 2019, $6m (2018: $nil) is restricted for use on capital expenditure in the UK portfolio and therefore not available for wider use by the Group. An additional $16m (2018: $2m) is held within countries from which funds are not currently able to be repatriated to the Group’s central treasury company. Details of the credit risk on cash and cash equivalents is included in note 24. 20. Trade and other payables Current Trade payables Other tax and social security payable Other payables Contingent purchase consideration Accruals Non-current Other payables Deferred purchase consideration Contingent purchase consideration 2019 $m 90 42 97 1 338 568 3 23 90 116 2018 Restated $m 132 44 94 7 339 616 1 22 102 125 Deferred purchase consideration relates to the acquisition of Regent and contingent purchase consideration relates to the acquisitions of Regent, the UK portfolio and Six Senses (see note 25). 178 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 21. Provisions At 1 January 2018 Reclassification from other trade and other payables (Released)/provided Utilised At 31 December 2018 Provided Utilised At 31 December 2019 Analysed as: Current Non-current Security incidents $m Litigation $m Insurance reserves $m 5 – (2) (3) – – – – 3 – (1) – 2 30 – 32 – 25 7 (7) 25 13 (8) 30 Total $m 8 25 4 (10) 27 43 (8) 62 2019 $m 2018 $m 40 22 62 10 17 27 Litigation The litigation provision, which mainly relates to amounts charged during the year as described in note 6, is expected to be utilised within 12 months. There are certain indemnities and claims that the Group will be able to pursue in relation to these matters, although it is not practicable to quantify the amounts at this point in time. Insurance reserves The Group self-insures certain risks relating to its corporate operations and owned and leased properties, and also acts as third-party insurer for certain risks of its managed hotels. The insurance reserves held mainly relate to general liability, workers compensation, US medical and employment practices liability insurances. The amounts are based on reserves held principally in the Group’s captive insurance company, SCH Insurance Company (SCHIC), and are established using independent actuarial assessments wherever possible, or a reasonable assessment based on past claims experience. Over and above the actuarially determined reserves, the Group is potentially exposed to claims with individual caps which do not exceed $4m for periods prior to 2011 and up to $25m in aggregate for periods since 2011, noting that actual claims did not differ significantly to estimates in 2019 or 2018. Amounts utilised within the reserves are paid to a third-party insurer for subsequent settlement with the claimant. In order to protect the third-party insurer against the solvency risk of SCHIC, the Group has outstanding letters of credit (see note 31). In respect of the managed hotels, the Group received insurance premiums of $19m (2018: $11m, 2017: $9m) and incurred claims expense of $18m (2018: $10m, 2017: $9m). Insurance premiums earned are included in Central revenue. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 179 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 22. Loans and other borrowings Unsecured bank loans £400m 3.875% bonds 2022 £300m 3.75% bonds 2025 £350m 2.125% bonds 2026 €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 Bank overdrafts Total loans and other borrowings Denominated in the following currencies: Sterling US dollars Euros Other Current $m Non-current $m 2019 Total $m 125 528 399 462 564 2,078 87 2,165 125 528 399 462 564 2,078 – 2,078 1,389 1,391 125 564 – 207 565 2 2,078 2,165 Current $m Non-current $m – – – – – – 104 104 – 94 8 2 104 – 509 385 447 569 1,910 – 1,910 1,341 – 569 – 1,910 2018 Restated Total $m – 509 385 447 569 1,910 104 2,014 1,341 94 577 2 2,014 – – – – – – 87 87 2 82 1 2 87 Unsecured bank loans Unsecured bank loans are borrowings under the Group’s Syndicated and Bilateral Facilities. Amounts are classified as non-current when the facilities have more than 12 months to expiry. The Syndicated Facility comprises a $1,275m five-year revolving credit facility maturing in March 2022. The Bilateral Facility comprises a $75m revolving credit facility maturing in March 2022. The Bilateral Facility contains the same terms and covenants as the Syndicated Facility (see note 24). A variable rate of interest is payable on amounts drawn under both facilities, which was 2.42% at 31 December 2019. £400m 3.875% bonds 2022 The 3.875% fixed interest sterling bonds were issued on 28 November 2012 and are repayable in full on 28 November 2022. Interest is payable annually on 28 November. The bonds were initially priced at 98.787% of face value and are unsecured. £300m 3.75% bonds 2025 The 3.75% fixed interest sterling bonds were issued on 14 August 2015 and are repayable in full on 14 August 2025. Interest is payable annually on 14 August. The bonds were initially priced at 99.014% of face value and are unsecured. £350m 2.125% bonds 2026 The 2.125% fixed interest sterling bonds were issued on 24 August 2016 and are repayable in full on 24 August 2026. Interest is payable annually on 24 August. The bonds were initially priced at 99.45% of face value and are unsecured. €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 The 2.125% fixed interest euro bonds were issued on 15 November 2018 and are repayable in full on 15 May 2027. Interest is payable annually on 15 May. The bonds were initially priced at 99.53% of face value and are unsecured. Currency swaps were transacted at the same time the bonds were issued in order to swap the proceeds and interest flows into sterling (see note 24). Bank overdrafts Bank overdrafts are matched by equivalent amounts of cash and cash equivalents under the Group’s cash pooling arrangements (see note 19). Facilities provided by banks Committed Uncommitted Unutilised facilities expire: Within one year After two but before five years Utilised $m Unutilised $m 125 – 125 1,225 54 1,279 2019 Total $m 1,350 54 1,404 Utilised $m Unutilised $m – – – 1,350 53 1,403 2019 $m 54 1,350 1,404 2018 Total $m 1,350 53 1,403 2018 $m 53 1,350 1,403 Utilised facilities are calculated based on actual drawings and may not agree to the carrying value of loans held at amortised cost. 180 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 23. Net debt Cash and cash equivalents Loans and other borrowings – current Lease liabilities – current – non-current – non-current – classified as held for sale (note 12) Derivative financial instruments hedging debt values (note 24) Net debt Movement in net debt Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents, net of overdrafts Add back cash flows in respect of other components of net debt: Principal element of lease payments Issue of long-term bonds, including effect of currency swaps (Increase)/decrease in other borrowings (Increase)/decrease in net debt arising from cash flows Non-cash movements: Lease obligations Increase in accrued interest Acquisition of businesses (note 11) Exchange and other adjustments (Increase)/decrease in net debt Net debt at beginning of the year Net debt at end of the year 2019 $m 195 (87) 2018 Restated $m 704 (104) (2,078) (1,910) (65) (595) (20) (15) (55) (615) – 15 (2,665) (1,965) (500) 563 59 – (127) (568) (43) (7) (25) (57) 35 (554) 268 312 (27) (3) (51) 57 (700) (1,965) (2,665) 288 (2,253) (1,965) Information concerning Non-GAAP measures can be found in the Strategic Report on pages 55 to 59. Loans and other borrowings (excluding bank overdrafts), lease liabilities, and currency swaps comprise the liabilities included in the financing activities section of the Group statement of cash flows and their movements are analysed as follows: Unsecured bank loans Lease liabilities £400m 3.875% bonds 2022 £300m 3.75% bonds 2025 £350m 2.125% bonds 2026 €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 Currency swaps At 1 January 2019 Restated $m Financing cash flows $m Exchange adjustments $m Acquisition of businesses $m – 670 509 385 447 569 2,580 (7) 2,573 127 (59) – – – – 68 – 68 (2) 1 18 13 15 (12) 33 – 33 – 25 – – – – 25 – 25 Other $m – 43 1 1 – 7 52 27 79 At 31 December 2019 $m 125 680 528 399 462 564 2,758 20 2,778 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 181 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 23. Net debt continued Unsecured bank loans Lease liabilities £400m 3.875% bonds 2022 £300m 3.75% bonds 2025 £350m 2.125% bonds 2026 €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 Currency swaps: Exchange of principal Initial fee received At 1 January 2018 Restated $m Financing cash flows Restated $m Exchange adjustments Restated $m Acquisition of businesses Restated $m Other Restated $m At 31 December 2018 Restated $m 262 633 538 406 472 – 2,311 – – – 2,311 (268) (35) – – – 559 256 (5) 3 (2) 254 3 (6) (30) (23) (26) 9 (73) – – – (73) – 51 – – – – 51 – – – 51 3 27 1 2 1 1 35 (2) (3) (5) 30 – 670 509 385 447 569 2,580 (7) – (7) 2,573 24. Financial risk management and derivative financial instruments Overview The Group is exposed to financial risks that arise in relation to underlying business activities. These risks include: market risk, liquidity risk, credit risk and capital risk. There are Board approved policies in place to manage these risks. Treasury activities to manage these risks may include money market investments, repurchase agreements, spot and forward foreign exchange instruments, currency swaps, interest rate swaps and forward rate agreements. Market risk Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises: foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk include loans and other borrowings, cash and cash equivalents, debt and equity investments and derivatives. Foreign exchange risk The US dollar is the predominant currency of the Group’s revenue and cash flows. Movements in foreign exchange rates can affect the Group’s reported profit, net liabilities and its interest cover. The most significant exposures of the Group are in currencies that are freely convertible. The Group’s reported debt has an exposure to borrowings held in sterling and euros. The Group holds its bond debt in sterling which is the primary currency of shareholder returns and to minimise exchange risk in its holding companies. US dollars are also borrowed to reflect the predominant trading currency and to act as a net investment hedge of US dollar denominated assets. The Group transacted currency swaps in 2018 at the same time as the €500m 2.125% bonds were issued in November 2018 in order to swap the bonds’ proceeds and interest flows into sterling (see page 183). From time to time, the Group hedges a portion of forecast foreign currency income by taking out forward exchange contracts. There were no such contracts in place at either 31 December 2019 or 31 December 2018. Interest rate risk The Group is exposed to interest rate risk in relation to its fixed and floating rate borrowings. The Group’s policy requires a minimum of 50% fixed rate debt over the next 12 months. With the exception of overdrafts, 94% of borrowings were fixed rate debt at 31 December 2019 (2018: 100%). If required, the Group uses interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk. The Group designates interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. No interest rate swaps were used to manage interest rate exposure during 2019, 2018, or 2017. Derivative financial instruments Derivatives are recorded in the Group statement of financial position at fair value (see note 25) as follows: Hedging instrument Currency swaps Hedged risk Foreign exchange Hedge classification Cash flow hedge Short-dated foreign exchange swaps Foreign exchange Net investment hedge Analysed as: Non-current assets Current assets Non-current liabilities 2019 $m (20) 1 (19) – 1 (20) (19) 2018 $m 7 1 8 7 1 – 8 The carrying amount of currency swaps of $(20)m (2018: $7m) comprises $15m loss (2018: $15m gain) relating to exchange movements on the underlying principal, included within net debt (see note 23), and $5m loss (2018: $8m loss) related to other fair value movements. Details of the credit risk on derivative financial instruments are included on page 185. 182 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 24. Financial risk management and derivative financial instruments continued Cash flow hedges The currency swaps were transacted at the same time as the €500m 2.125% bonds were issued in November 2018. Under the terms of the swaps, £436m was borrowed and €500m deposited for eight and a half years with a fixed interest rate of 3.5% payable on the sterling leg. The currency swaps are designated as hedging instruments of the foreign exchange risk inherent in the bonds’ cash flows. Hedge ineffectiveness arises where the cumulative changes in the fair value of the swaps exceed the change in the fair value of the bonds. The change in the fair value of hedging instruments used to measure hedge ineffectiveness in the period mirrors that of the hypothetical derivative (hedged item) and was $30m (2018: $9m). Hedge ineffectiveness may occur due to any opening fair value of the hedging instrument, or a change in the credit risk of the Group or counterparty. There was no ineffectiveness in 2019 or 2018. Amounts recognised in the cash flow hedging reserve are analysed in note 29. Net investment hedges The Group designates the following as net investment hedges of its foreign operations, being the net assets of certain Group subsidiaries with a US dollar functional currency: • Borrowings under the Syndicated and Bilateral Facilities; and • Short-dated foreign exchange swaps. The designated risk is the spot foreign exchange risk and interest on these financial instruments is taken through financial income or expense. Short-dated foreign exchange swaps are used to manage sterling surplus cash and reduce US dollar borrowings whilst maintaining operational flexibility. The maximum amount held during the year as net investment hedges and tested for effectiveness at calendar quarter ends were short-dated foreign exchange swaps with principals of $100m (2018: $100m). There is an economic relationship between the hedged item and the hedging instrument as the net investment creates a translation risk that will match the foreign exchange risk on the USD borrowing. The Group has established a hedge ratio of 1:1 as the underlying risk of the hedging instrument is identical to the hedged risk component. The change in value of hedging instruments recognised in the currency translation reserve through other comprehensive income was $2m loss (2018: $21m loss). There was no ineffectiveness recognised in the Group income statement during the current or prior year. Interest and foreign exchange risk sensitivities The following table shows the impact of a general strengthening in the US dollar against sterling and euro on the Group’s profit before tax and net liabilities, and the impact of a rise in US dollar, euro and sterling interest rates on the Group’s profit before tax. The impact of the strengthening in the euro against sterling on net liabilities is also shown, as this impacts the fair value of the currency swaps. Increase/(decrease) in profit before tax Sterling: US dollar exchange rate Euro: US dollar exchange rate US dollar interest rates Sterling interest rates 5¢ fall 5¢ fall 1% increase 1% increase Decrease/(increase) in net liabilities Sterling: US dollar exchange rate Euro: US dollar exchange rate Sterling: euro exchange rate 5¢ fall 5¢ fall 5¢ fall 2019 $m 4.0 (2.6) (1.6) 0.6 39.9 24.1 33.0 2018 Restated $m 4.1 (2.4) (0.9) 5.5 25.9 23.8 31.9 2017a $m 4.0 (2.1) (2.9) 0.3 44.1 (4.1) – a As the change in sensitivities due to adoption of IFRS 16 is insignificant, 2017 has not been restated. The impact of a weakening in the US dollar or a fall in interest rates would be the reverse of the above values. Interest rate sensitivities include the impact of hedging and are calculated based on the year-end net debt position. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 183 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 24. Financial risk management and derivative financial instruments continued Liquidity risk Group policy ensures sufficient liquidity is maintained to meet all foreseeable medium-term cash requirements and provide headroom against unforeseen obligations. Cash and cash equivalents are held in short-term deposits, repurchase agreements, and cash funds which allow daily withdrawals of cash. Most of the Group’s funds are held in the UK or US, although $16m (2018: $2m) is held in countries where repatriation is restricted (see note 19). Medium and long-term borrowing requirements are met through committed bank facilities and bonds as detailed in note 22. Short-term borrowing requirements may be met from drawings under uncommitted overdrafts and facilities. The Syndicated and Bilateral Facilities contain two financial covenants: interest cover and net debt divided by operating profit before exceptional items, depreciation and amortisation and System Fund revenues and expenses. Covenants are monitored on a ‘frozen GAAP’ basis excluding the impact of IFRS 16. The Group has been in compliance with all of the financial covenants in its loan documents throughout the year and expects to continue to have significant headroom for the foreseeable future. The following are the undiscounted contractual cash flows of financial liabilities, including interest payments. The payment profile of contingent purchase consideration has been based on management’s forecasts and could in reality be different from expectations. Less than 1 year $m Between 1 and 2 years $m Between 2 and 5 years $m More than 5 years $m 87 125 21 15 10 12 97 567 3 (1) 20 (12) – – 21 15 10 12 116 1 20 – 20 (12) – – 548 45 29 36 193 1 19 – 61 (36) Total $m 87 125 590 486 531 657 – – – 411 482 597 3,451 3,857 1 120 – 627 (597) 570 162 (1) 728 (657) Less than 1 year Restated $m Between 1 and 2 years Restated $m Between 2 and 5 years Restated $m More than 5 years Restated $m Total Restated $m 104 20 14 10 6 93 609 7 (1) 20 (6) – 20 14 10 12 93 – 8 – 20 (12) – 550 43 28 37 226 1 37 – 58 (37) – – 412 475 621 3,479 – 262 – 625 (621) 104 590 483 523 676 3,891 610 314 (1) 723 (676) 31 December 2019 Non-derivative financial liabilities: Bank overdrafts Unsecured bank loans £400m 3.875% bonds 2022 £300m 3.75% bonds 2025 £350m 2.125% bonds 2026 €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 Lease liabilities Trade and other payables (excluding deferred and contingent purchase consideration) Deferred and contingent purchase consideration Derivative financial liabilities: Forward foreign exchange contracts Currency swaps hedging €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 outflows Currency swaps hedging €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 inflows 31 December 2018 Non-derivative financial liabilities: Bank overdrafts £400m 3.875% bonds 2022 £300m 3.75% bonds 2025 £350m 2.125% bonds 2026 €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 Lease liabilities Trade and other payables (excluding deferred and contingent purchase consideration) Deferred and contingent purchase consideration Derivative financial liabilities: Forward foreign exchange contracts Currency swaps hedging €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 outflows Currency swaps hedging €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 inflows 184 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 24. Financial risk management and derivative financial instruments continued Credit risk Cash and cash equivalents and derivatives Credit risk on cash and cash equivalents is minimised by operating a policy on the investment of surplus cash that generally restricts counterparties to those with a BBB credit rating or better or those providing adequate security. The Group uses long-term credit ratings from Standard and Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch Ratings as a basis for setting its counterparty limits. In order to manage the Group’s credit risk exposure, the treasury function sets counterparty exposure limits using metrics including credit ratings, the relative placing of credit default swap pricings, tier 1 capital and share price volatility of the relevant counterparty. The Group’s cash and cash equivalents held in money market funds was invested in funds with a AAA credit rating at 31 December 2019. Exposure to credit risk The Group’s exposure to credit risk arises from default of the counterparty, with the maximum exposure equal to the carrying amount of each financial asset, including derivative financial instruments. Expected credit losses Cash at bank and in hand, short-term deposits, trade and other receivables and those other financial assets which are classified and measured at amortised cost are subject to the expected credit loss model requirements of IFRS 9. With the exception of trade and other receivables (see note 18) the expected credit loss is considered to be immaterial. Capital risk management The Group manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern. The capital structure consists of net debt, issued share capital and reserves totalling $1,192m at 31 December 2019 (2018: $826m restated). The structure is managed to maintain an investment grade credit rating, to provide ongoing returns to shareholders and to service debt obligations, whilst maintaining maximum operational flexibility. A key characteristic of IHG’s managed and franchised business model is that it is highly cash generative, with a high return on capital employed. Surplus cash is either reinvested in the business, used to repay debt or returned to shareholders. The Group’s debt is monitored on the basis of a cash flow leverage ratio, being net debt divided by EBITDA, with the objective of maintaining an investment grade credit rating. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 185 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 25. Classification and measurement of financial instruments Accounting classification Financial assets Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income: Equity securities (note 17) Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss: Money market funds: Cash and cash equivalents (note 19) Other financial assets (note 17) Other financial assets (note 17) Derivative financial instruments (note 24) Financial assets measured at amortised cost: Cash and cash equivalents (note 19) Other financial assets (note 17) Trade and other receivables, excluding prepayments (note 18) Financial liabilities Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss: Contingent purchase consideration (note 20) Derivative financial instruments (note 24) Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost: Loans and other borrowings (note 22) Trade and other payables, excluding deferred and contingent purchase consideration (note 20) Deferred purchase consideration (note 20) 2019 $m 2018 Restated $m 133 116 35 16 3 1 55 160 136 552 848 (91) (20) (111) 76 16 – 8 100 628 129 502 1,259 (109) – (109) (2,165) (2,014) (570) (23) (610) (22) (2,758) (2,646) Right of offset Other than in relation to cash pooling arrangements (see note 19), there are no financial instruments with a significant fair value subject to enforceable master netting arrangements and other similar agreements that are not offset in the Group statement of financial position. 186 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 25. Classification and measurement of financial instruments continued Fair values – hierarchy and valuation techniques Fair value hierarchy The following table provides the carrying value, fair value and position in the fair value measurement hierarchy of the Group’s financial assets and liabilities. Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at amortised cost are only included if their carrying amount is not a reasonable approximation of fair value. Carrying value Level 1 $m Level 2 $m Level 3 $m Total $m Carrying value Level 1 $m Level 2 $m Level 3 $m 2019 Fair value Assets Equity securities Derivative financial instruments Money market funds Trade deposits and loans Liabilities Derivative financial instruments Contingent purchase consideration Deferred purchase consideration £400m 3.875% bonds 2022 £300m 3.75% bonds 2025 £350m 2.125% bonds 2026 €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 133 1 51 3 (20) (91) (23) (528) (399) (462) (564) 8 – 51 – – – (24) (567) (435) (465) (601) – 1 – – (20) – – – – – – 125 133 116 8 92 – 1 51 3 (20) – (91) (91) (109) – – 3 – 8 – 92 – – – – – – – – (24) (567) (435) (465) (601) (22) (509) (385) (447) (569) (22) (543) (399) (417) (566) – 8 – – – – – – – – – 2018 Restated Fair value Total $m 116 8 92 – – 108 – – – – (109) (109) – – – – – (22) (543) (399) (417) (566) There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements during the year and no transfers into and out of Level 3. Valuation techniques Quoted equity securities, money market funds and bonds The fair value of quoted equity shares, money market funds and the bonds is based on their quoted market price. Unquoted equity shares Unquoted equity securities are fair valued using the International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation Guidelines either by applying an average price-earnings (P/E) ratio for a competitor group to the earnings generated by the investment or by reference to share of net assets if the investment is currently loss-making or a recent property valuation is available. The average P/E ratio for the year was 23.2 (2018: 19.9) and a non-marketability factor of 30% (2018: 30%) was applied. The significant unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of the shares are the P/E ratio, non-marketability factor and share of net assets. A 10% increase/(decrease) in the average P/E ratio would result in a $2m (2018: $2m) increase/(decrease) in the fair value of the shares. A five percentage point increase/(decrease) in the non-marketability factor would result in a $2m (2018: $1m) increase/(decrease) in the fair value of the shares. A 10% increase/(decrease) in share of net assets would result in a $9m (2018: $8m) increase/(decrease) in the fair value of the shares. Derivative financial instruments Derivatives are fair valued using discounted future cash flows, taking into consideration exchange rates prevailing on the last day of the reporting period and interest rates from observable swap curves. Currency swaps are measured at the present value of future cash flows estimated and discounted back based on quoted forward exchange rates and the applicable yield curves derived from quoted interest rates. Adjustments for credit risk use observable credit default swap spreads. Deferred purchase consideration Deferred purchase consideration arose in respect of the acquisition of Regent, and comprises the present value of $13m payable in 2021 and $13m payable in 2024. The discount rate applied is based on observable US corporate bond rates of similar term to the expected payment dates. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 187 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 25. Classification and measurement of financial instruments continued Contingent purchase consideration Regent $66m (2018: $55m) Comprises the present value of the expected amounts payable on exercise of the put and call options to acquire the remaining 49% shareholding in Regent (see note 11). The amount payable on exercise of the options is based on the annual trailing revenue of RHW (see page 136) in the year preceding exercise, with a floor applied. The options are exercisable in a phased manner from 2026 to 2033. The value of the contingent purchase consideration is subject to periodic reassessment as interest rates and RHW revenue expectations change. The range of possible outcomes remains unchanged from the date of acquisition at $81m to $261m (undiscounted). At 31 December 2019, it is assumed that $39m will be paid in 2026 to acquire an additional 25% of RHW with the remaining 24% acquired in 2028 for $42m. This assumes that the options will be exercised at the earliest permissible date which is consistent with the assumption made on acquisition. The amount recognised in the financial statements is the discounted value of the total expected amount payable of $81m. The discount rate applied is based on observable US corporate bond rates of similar term to the expected payment dates. The significant unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration are the projected trailing revenues of RHW and the date of exercising the options. If the annual trailing revenue of RHW were to exceed the floor by 10%, the amount of the contingent purchase consideration recognised in the Group Financial Statements would increase by $7m (2018: $5m). If the date for exercising the options is assumed to be 2033, the amount of the undiscounted contingent purchase consideration would be $86m (2018: $86m). UK portfolio $20m (2018: $54m) Comprises the present value of the above-market element of the expected lease payments to Covivio (see note 11). The above-market assessment is determined by comparing the expected lease payments as a percentage of forecast hotel operating profit (before depreciation and rent) with market metrics, on a hotel by hotel basis. There is no floor to the amount payable and no maximum amount. Market rents were initially determined with assistance of professional third-party advisors. The fair value is subject to periodic reassessment as interest rates and expected lease payments change. A fair value adjustment of $38m was recognised in the year, resulting in a reduction to the value of the liability arising mainly from a reduction in expected future rentals payable. Forecast base rentals have been discounted at 9.25% based on the CBRE prime freehold regional yield benchmark, adjusted to reflect rental growth, the leasehold nature of the assets and variable rental structure. Forecast profit share rentals have been discounted at 9.7% based on the Group’s cost of capital, adjusted upwards to reflect the higher degree of variability inherent in the profit share rentals. The significant unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration are the projected lease payments and the discount rates used. The impact of changes in these assumptions is detailed on page 140. Six Senses $5m (2018: $nil) It is expected that $5m will be payable upon certain conditions being met relating to a project to open a pipeline property, currently expected to be paid in 2021. If the conditions are not met, no amounts will be paid. The impact of discounting is not material. Level 3 reconciliation The following table reconciles the movements in the fair values of financial instruments classified as Level 3 during the year: Other financial assets $m Contingent purchase consideration $m At 1 January 2018 Additions Acquisition of businesses (note 11) Disposals Valuation losses recognised in other comprehensive income Contingent purchase consideration paid, included in net cash from investing activities Change in fair value Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2018 Additions Acquisition of businesses (note 11) Disposals Valuation gains recognised in other comprehensive income Contingent purchase consideration paid: Included in net cash from operating activities Included in net cash from investing activities Change in fair value (of which $38m is recorded within exceptional items) Exchange and other adjustments At 31 December 2019 188 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 117 4 – (1) (10) – – (2) 108 8 1 (1) 12 – – – – 128 – – (109) – – 4 (4) – (109) – (15) – – 6 2 27 (2) (91) 26. Reconciliation of profit for the year to cash flow from operations before contract acquisition costs Profit for the year Adjustments for: Net financial expenses Fair value (gains)/losses on contingent purchase consideration Income tax charge (note 8) Depreciation and amortisation System Fund depreciation and amortisation Impairment charges (note 6) Other operating exceptional items (including System Fund) (note 6) Share-based payments cost Dividends from associates and joint ventures (note 16) Increase in trade and other receivables Increase in contract costs Increase in deferred revenue (Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables Utilisation of provisions, net of charge (note 21) Retirement benefit contributions, net of costs Cash flows relating to exceptional items Contract assets deduction in revenue Other items Total adjustments Cash flow from operations before contract acquisition costs 2019 $m 386 115 (27) 156 116 54 131 83 42 7 (50) (11) 57 (63) 7 (3) (55) 21 2 582 968 2018 Restated $m 350 2017 Restated $m 535 96 4 132 115 49 – 151 38 5 (43) (3) 141 11 (6) (12) (137) 19 4 564 914 91 – 118 112 41 18 (13) 27 4 (71) (5) 43 38 – (1) (44) 17 (4) 371 906 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 189 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 27. Retirement benefits UK Since 6 August 2014, UK retirement and death in service benefits are provided for eligible employees by the IHG UK Defined Contribution Pension Plan. Members, including those who have been auto-enrolled since 1 September 2013, are provided with defined contribution arrangements under this plan; benefits are based on each individual member’s personal account. The plan is HM Revenue and Customs registered and governed by an independent trustee, assisted by professional advisers as and when required. The overall operation of the plan is subject to the oversight of The Pensions Regulator. The former defined benefit plan, the InterContinental Hotels UK Pension Plan, was wound up on 21 July 2015 following the completion of the buy-out and transfer of the defined benefit obligations to Rothesay Life on 31 October 2014. Residual defined benefit obligations remain in respect of additional benefits provided to members of an unfunded pension arrangement (UK plan) who were affected by lifetime or annual allowances under the former defined benefit arrangements. Accrual under this arrangement ceased with effect from 1 July 2013 and a cash-out offer in 2014 resulted in the extinguishment of approximately 70% of the unfunded pension obligations. The Company meets the benefit payment obligations of the remaining members as they fall due. A charge over certain ring-fenced bank accounts totalling $41m at 31 December 2019 (see note 17) is currently held as security on behalf of the remaining members. US During 2018, the Group completed a termination of the US funded Inter-Continental Hotels Pension Plan (the Plan), which involved certain qualifying members receiving lump-sum cash-out payments of $20m with the remaining pension obligations subject to a buy-out by Banner Life Insurance Company (Banner), a subsidiary of Legal & General America, through the purchase of a group annuity contract for $124m. Banner assumed responsibility for the payment of the Plan’s pension obligations on 12 June 2018. A further amount of $6m was transferred to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation in respect of members who it had not been possible to trace. The transactions were funded using the assets of the Plan and a final Company contribution of $12m, $1.5m of which was subsequently returned to the Company as a ‘mistake-in-fact’ contribution refund. The Group continues to maintain the unfunded Inter-Continental Hotels Non-qualified Pension Plans (US plans) and unfunded Inter-Continental Hotels Corporation Postretirement Medical, Dental, Vision and Death Benefit Plan (US post-retirement plan), both of which are defined benefit plans. Both plans are closed to new members. A Retirement Committee, comprising senior Company employees and assisted by professional advisors as and when required, has responsibility for oversight of the plans. Other The Group also operates a number of smaller pension schemes outside the UK, the most significant of which is a defined contribution scheme in the US; there is no material difference between the pension costs of, and contributions to, these schemes. 190 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 27. Retirement benefits continued Defined benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets Net defined benefit liability/(asset) At 1 January Recognised in profit or loss Interest expense/(income) Administration costs Exceptional item: settlement loss Recognised in other comprehensive income Actuarial loss/(gain) arising from changes in: Demographic assumptions Financial assumptions Experience adjustments Return on plan assets Re-measurement loss/(gain) Exchange adjustments Other Company contributions Benefits paid Settlement payments At 31 December Comprising: UK unfunded plan US unfunded plans US funded plan US unfunded post-retirement plans 2019 $m 91 3 – – 3 (1) 9 (1) – 7 1 8 – (6) – (6) 96 26 48 – 22 96 2018 $m 250 6 – 14 20 – (14) (3) – (17) (1) (18) – (11) (150) (161) 91 24 45 – 22 91 2017 $m 244 9 – – 9 (1) 9 2 – 10 2 12 – (15) – (15) 250 29 51 146 24 250 2019 $m – – – – – – – – – – – – (6) 6 – – – – – – – – 2018 $m (152) (2) – 1 (1) – – – 8 8 – 8 (16) 11 150 145 – – – – – – 2017 $m (148) 2019 $m 91 (5) 1 – (4) – – – (9) (9) – (9) (6) 15 – 9 (152) – – (152) – (152) 3 – – 3 (1) 9 (1) – 7 1 8 (6) – – (6) 96 26 48 – 22 96 2018 $m 98 4 – 15 19 – (14) (3) 8 (9) (1) (10) (16) – – (16) 91 24 45 – 22 91 2017 $m 96 4 1 – 5 (1) 9 2 (9) 1 2 3 (6) – – (6) 98 29 51 (6) 24 98 Movement in asset restriction At 1 January Recognised in other comprehensive income At 31 December Defined benefit obligation Fair value of plan assets Net defined benefit liability/(asset) 2019 $m 2018 $m 2017 $m 2019 $m 2018 $m 2017 $m 2019 $m 2018 $m 2017 $m – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 (3) – – 3 3 – – – 3 (3) – – 3 3 At 31 December 2017, there was a net defined benefit liability of $101m comprised of a net retirement benefit asset of $3m (after the asset restriction of $3m) and a retirement benefit obligation of $104m. For the years ended 31 December 2018 and 31 December 2017, the total amount of re-measurement gains and losses recorded in other comprehensive income, including the movement in the asset restriction, were a gain of $12m and a loss of $4m respectively. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 191 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 27. Retirement benefits continued Assumptions The principal financial assumptions used by the actuaries to determine the defined benefit obligations are: UK plan only: Pension increases Inflation rate Discount rate: UK plan US plans US post-retirement plan US Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for the next year: Pre-65 (ultimate rate reached in 2028) Post-65 (ultimate rate reached in 2028) Ultimate rate that the cost rate trends to 2019 % 2018 % 2017 % 2.7 2.7 2.1 2.9 2.9 6.7 7.1 4.5 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.9 4.0 7.1 7.6 4.5 3.2 3.2 2.6 3.3 3.3 7.7 8.7 4.5 Mortality is the most significant demographic assumption. The current assumptions for the UK are based on the S2PA ‘light’ year of birth tables with projected mortality improvements using the CMI_2018 model and a 1.25% per annum long-term trend and a smoothing parameter (‘s-kappa’) with age rated down by 0.7 and 2.3 years for pensioners and 0.5 and 2.6 years for non-pensioners, male and female respectively. In the US, the current assumptions use rates from the Pri-2012 Mortality Study and Generationally Projected with Scale MP-2019 mortality tables. The assumptions used for life expectancy at retirement age are as follows: Current pensioners at 65a – male Future pensioners at 65b – male – female – female 2019 Years 2018 Years 24 26 25 28 24 26 25 28 UK 2017 Years 24 26 25 28 2019 Years 2018 Years 21 23 22 24 21 23 22 24 US 2017 Years 21 23 22 24 a Relates to assumptions based on longevity (in years) following retirement at the end of the reporting period. b Relates to assumptions based on longevity (in years) relating to an employee retiring in 2037. The assumptions allow for expected increases in longevity. Sensitivities A one-year increase in mortality rates would increase the defined benefit obligation by $4.2m (2018: $3.9m, 2017: $10.5m). A one percentage point increase in assumed healthcare costs trend rate would increase the accumulated post-employment benefit obligations at 31 December 2019 by $1.7m (2018: $1.7m, 2017: $1.9m) and a one percentage point decrease would decrease the obligations by $1.6m (2018: $1.6m, 2017: $1.8m) Future payments Company payments are expected to be $6m in 2020. The estimated future benefit payments are: Within one year Between one and five years More than five years Average duration The average duration of the pensions obligations is: UK plan US plans US post-retirement plan 192 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 2019 $m 6 22 36 64 2019 Years 18.0 9.3 9.8 2018 $m 5 23 38 66 2018 Years 19.5 9.2 9.6 28. Share-based payments Annual Performance Plan Under the IHG Annual Performance Plan (APP), eligible employees (including Executive Directors) can receive all or part of their bonus in the form of deferred shares and/or receive one-off awards of shares. Deferred shares are released on the third anniversary of the award date. Under the terms of awards that are referred to in this note, a fixed percentage of the award is made in the form of shares. Awards under the APP are conditional on the participants remaining in the employment of a participating company or leaving for a qualifying reason as per the plan rules. The award of deferred shares under the APP is at the discretion of the Remuneration Committee. The number of shares is calculated by dividing a specific percentage of the participant’s annual performance-related award by the middle market quoted prices on the three consecutive dealing days immediately preceding the date of grant. A number of executives participated in the APP during the year and conditional rights over 217,122 (2018: 175,944, 2017: 234,918) shares were awarded to participants. In 2019 this number included 86,126 (2018: 48,771, 2017: 79,471) shares awarded as part of recruitment terms or for one-off individual awards. The plan rules for the APP were approved by shareholders at the AGM on 2 May 2014, and apply to awards made in respect of the 2015 and subsequent financial years. The plan rules contain substantially the same terms as the superseded plan rules. Long Term Incentive Plan The Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) allows Executive Directors and eligible employees to receive conditional share awards, which normally have a vesting period of three years. Performance-related awards: Awards to the Executive Directors, and some awards to other eligible employees, are granted subject to the achievement of performance conditions set by the Remuneration Committee, which are normally measured over the vesting period. Restricted stock units: Awards to eligible employees are granted subject to continued employment. Awards are normally made annually and, except in exceptional circumstances, will not exceed three times salary for eligible employees. The plan provides for the grant of ‘nil cost options’ to participants as an alternative to conditional share awards. During the year, conditional rights over 826,313 (2018: 784,119, 2017: 805,045) shares were awarded to employees under the plan, comprising 286,746 (2018: 257,240, 2017: 280,458) performance-related awards and 539,567 (2018: 526,879, 2017: 524,587) restricted stock units. The plan rules for the LTIP were approved by shareholders at the AGM on 2 May 2014, and apply to awards made in respect of the 2015-17 and subsequent LTIP cycles. The plan rules contain substantially the same terms as the superseded plan rules. More detailed information on the performance measures for awards to Executive Directors is shown in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 96 to 109. The Group recognised a cost of $28m (2018: $27m, 2017: $21m) in operating profit and $1m (2018: $1m, 2017: $2m) within exceptional administrative expenses related to equity-settled share-based payment transactions during the year, net of $12m (2018: $11m, 2017: $6m) borne by the System Fund. The Group also recognised a cost of $2m (2018: $nil, 2017: $nil) in operating profit related to cash-settled share-based payment transactions. No consideration was received in respect of ordinary shares issued under option schemes during 2019, 2018 or 2017. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 193 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 28. Share-based payments continued The Group uses separate option pricing models and assumptions depending on the plan. The following table sets out information about awards granted in 2019, 2018 and 2017: Weighted average share price Expected dividend yield Risk-free interest rate Volatilitya Term (years) APP LTIP Binomial valuation model Monte Carlo Simulation and Binomial valuation model 2019 2018 2017 2019 2018 2017 4,597.0p 4,645.0p 3,781.0p 4,850.0p 4,774.0p 4,300.0p n/a n/a n/a 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.16% 0.72% 19% 3.0 2.27% 0.84% 25% 3.0 2.05% 0.10% 24% 3.0 a The expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company’s share price corresponding to the expected life of the share award. Movements in the awards outstanding under the schemes are as follows: APP Number of shares thousands Performance-related awards Number of shares thousands LTIP Restricted stock units Number of shares thousands Outstanding at 1 January 2017 Granted Vested Share capital consolidation Lapsed or cancelled Outstanding at 31 December 2017 Granted Vested Lapsed or cancelled Outstanding at 31 December 2018 Granted Vested Share capital consolidation Lapsed or cancelled Outstanding at 31 December 2019 Fair value of awards granted during the year (cents) 2019 2018 2017 Weighted average remaining contract life (years) At 31 December 2019 At 31 December 2018 At 31 December 2017 685 235 (263) (21) (20) 616 176 (199) (2) 591 217 (276) (21) (15) 496 5,888.7 6,066.2 4,959.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 4,201 280 (928) – (1,160) 2,393 257 (702) (860) 1,088 287 (293) – (387) 695 4,985.6 4,748.7 4,133.2 1.3 0.8 0.6 449 525 – – (58) 916 527 – (142) 1,301 540 (422) – (144) 1,275 5,862.1 5,966.0 5,251.0 1.2 1.2 1.7 The above awards do not vest until the performance and service conditions have been met. The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for share awards vested during the year was 4,584.8p (2018: 4,583.8p). The closing share price on 31 December 2019 was 5,208.0p and the range during the year was 4,092.0p to 5,738.0p. 194 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 29. Equity Equity share capital Allotted, called up and fully paid At 1 January 2017 (ordinary shares of 18318⁄329p each) Share capital consolidation Exchange adjustments At 31 December 2017 (ordinary shares of 1917⁄21p each) Exchange adjustments At 31 December 2018 (ordinary shares of 1917⁄21p each) Share capital consolidation Exchange adjustments At 31 December 2019 (ordinary shares of 20340⁄399p each) Number of shares millions Nominal value $m Share premium $m 206 (9) – 197 – 197 (10) – 187 48 – 5 53 (3) 50 – 2 52 93 – 8 101 (5) 96 – 3 99 Equity share capital $m 141 – 13 154 (8) 146 – 5 151 The authority given to the Company at the AGM held on 3 May 2019 to purchase its own shares was still valid at 31 December 2019. A resolution to renew the authority will be put to shareholders at the AGM on 7 May 2020. The Company no longer has an authorised share capital. On 21 February 2017, the Group announced a $400m return of funds to shareholders by way of a special dividend and share consolidation. On 5 May 2017, shareholders approved the share consolidation on the basis of 45 new ordinary shares of 1917⁄21p per share for every 47 existing ordinary shares of 18318⁄329p, which became effective on 8 May 2017. The special dividend was paid to shareholders on 22 May 2017. The dividend and share consolidation had the same economic effect as a share repurchase at fair value, therefore previously reported earnings per share had not been restated. In October 2018, the Group announced a $500m return of funds to shareholders by way of a special dividend and share consolidation. On 11 January 2019, shareholders approved the share consolidation on the basis of 19 new ordinary shares of 20340⁄399p per share for every 20 existing ordinary shares of 1917⁄21p, which became effective on 14 January 2019 and resulted in the consolidation of 10m shares. The special dividend was paid on 29 January 2019 at a cost of $510m. The dividend and share consolidation had the same economic effect as a share repurchase at fair value, therefore previously reported earnings per share has not been restated. At 31 December 2019, the balance classified as equity share capital includes the total net proceeds (both nominal value and share premium) on issue of the Company’s equity share capital, comprising 20340⁄399p shares. The share premium reserve represents the amount of proceeds received for shares in excess of their nominal value. The nature and purpose of the other reserves shown in the Group statement of changes in equity on pages 134 to 136 of the Group Financial Statements is as follows: Capital redemption reserve This reserve maintains the nominal value of the equity share capital of the Company when shares are repurchased or cancelled. Shares held by employee share trusts Comprises $4.9m (2018: $3.6m, 2017: $5.4m) in respect of 0.1m (2018: 0.2m, 2017: 0.2m) InterContinental Hotels Group PLC ordinary shares held by employee share trusts, with a market value at 31 December 2019 of $9.6m (2018: $8.3m, 2017: $12.1m). Other reserves Comprises the merger and revaluation reserves previously recognised under UK GAAP, together with the reserve arising as a consequence of the Group’s capital reorganisation in June 2005. The revaluation reserve relates to the previous revaluations of property, plant and equipment which were included at deemed cost on adoption of IFRS. Following the change in presentational currency to the US dollar in 2008, this reserve also includes exchange differences arising on retranslation to period-end exchange rates of equity share capital, the capital redemption reserve and shares held by employee share trusts. Fair value reserve This reserve records movements in the value of financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 195 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 29. Equity continued Cash flow hedging reserve The cash flow hedging reserve is analysed as follows: At 1 January 2018 Costs of hedging deferred and recognised in other comprehensive income Change in fair value of currency swaps recognised in other comprehensive income Reclassified from other comprehensive income to profit or loss – included in financial expenses Deferred tax At 31 December 2018 Costs of hedging deferred and recognised in other comprehensive income Change in fair value of currency swaps recognised in other comprehensive income Reclassified from other comprehensive income to profit or loss – included in financial expenses At 31 December 2019 Cash flow hedging reserve Value of currency swaps $m Costs of hedging $m – – 4 (8) 1 (3) – (34) 38 1 – (1) – – – (1) (6) – – (7) Total $m – (1) 4 (8) 1 (4) (6) (34) 38 (6) Value of currency swaps comprises the effective portion of the cumulative net change in the fair value of hedging instruments used in cash flow hedges pending subsequent recognition in profit or loss. Costs of hedging reflects the gain or loss which is excluded from the designated hedging instrument relating to the foreign currency basis spread of currency swaps. It is initially recognised in other comprehensive income and accounted for similarly to changes in value of currency swaps. Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income to financial expenses comprise $8m (2018: $1m) net interest payable on the currency swaps and an exchange loss of $30m (2018: $9m gain) which offsets a corresponding gain/loss on the €500m 2.125% bonds. Currency translation reserve This reserve records the movement in exchange differences arising from the translation of foreign operations and exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings and derivative financial instruments that provide a hedge against net investments in foreign operations. On adoption of IFRS, cumulative exchange differences were deemed to be $nil as permitted by IFRS 1. The fair value of derivative financial instruments designated as hedges of net investments in foreign operations outstanding at 31 December 2019 was $1m asset (2018: $1m asset, 2017: $nil). Treasury shares During 2019, 0.8m (2018: 0.8m, 2017: 0.9m) treasury shares were transferred to the employee share trusts. As a result of the 2019 share consolidation, the number of shares held in treasury reduced by 0.3m during 2019 (2017: reduced by 0.4m). At 31 December 2019, 5.7m shares (2018: 6.8m, 2017: 7.6m) with a nominal value of $1.6m (2018: $1.7m, 2017: $2.0m) were held as treasury shares at cost and deducted from retained earnings. Non-controlling interest A non-controlling interest is equity in a subsidiary of the Group not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Group. Non-controlling interests are not material to the Group. 30. Capital and other commitments Contracts placed for expenditure not provided for in the Group Financial Statements: Property, plant and equipmenta Intangible assets Key money 2019 $m 2018 $m 52 7 135 194 46 7 83 136 a 2018 included a commitment to spend $33m on the acquired UK portfolio (see note 11) within two and a half years of the acquisition date. A loan facility of $5m (2018: $5m) has also been made available to a hotel owner; this was undrawn at 31 December 2019. The Group has also committed to invest a further $6m (2018: $nil) in one of its associates. 196 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 31. Contingencies and guarantees Security incidents In 2016, the Group was notified of (a) a security incident at a number of Kimpton hotels that resulted in unauthorised access to guest payment card data, and (b) security incidents at a number of IHG branded hotels including the installation of malware on servers that processed payment cards used at restaurants and bars of 12 IHG managed properties, together the Security Incidents. The Group has now reached agreement with the impacted card networks on the amount of assessments payable and the total amount of $3m has now been settled under the Group’s insurance programmes. The Group may also be exposed to investigations regarding compliance with applicable State and Federal data security standards, and legal action from individuals and organisations impacted by the Security Incidents. Due to the general nature of the regulatory inquiries received and class action filings to date, other than described below, it is not practicable to make a reliable estimate of the possible financial effects of any such claims on the Group at this time. These contingent liabilities are potentially recoverable under the Group’s insurance programmes, although specific agreement will need to be reached with the relevant insurance providers at the time any claim is made. To date, four lawsuits have been filed against IHG entities relating to the Security Incidents. One of these has been withdrawn and a settlement has been agreed in respect of another with an expected total payment of less than $2m, all of which is expected to be paid under the Group’s insurance programmes. Litigation From time to time, the Group is subject to legal proceedings the ultimate outcome of each being always subject to many uncertainties inherent in litigation. In particular, the Group is currently subject to the claims listed under ‘Legal proceedings’ on page 236. The Group has also given warranties in respect of the disposal of certain of its former subsidiaries. It is the view of the Directors that, other than to the extent that liabilities have been provided for in these Group Financial Statements (see note 21), it is not possible to quantify any loss to which these proceedings or claims under these warranties may give rise, however, as at the date of reporting, the Group does not believe that the outcome of these matters will have a material effect on the Group’s financial position. Other At 31 December 2019, the Group had outstanding letters of credit of $33m (2018: $29m) mainly relating to the Group’s Captive. The letters of credit do not have set expiry dates, but are reviewed and amended as required. In limited cases, the Group may guarantee bank loans made to facilitate third-party ownership of hotels under IHG management or franchise agreements. These contracts are treated as insurance contracts as IHG is insuring the bank against default by the hotel, with a liability only being recognised in the event that a payout becomes probable (see note 21). At 31 December 2019, there were guarantees of $55m in place (2018: $43m). At 31 December 2019, the Group had no other contingent liabilities (2018: $nil). 32. Related party disclosures Total compensation of key management personnel Short-term employment benefits Contributions to defined contribution pension plans Equity compensation benefits Termination benefits 2019 $m 15.8 0.5 12.1 – 28.4 2018 $m 18.2 0.5 13.0 – 31.7 2017 $m 21.3 0.6 10.2 1.9 34.0 There were no other transactions with key management personnel during the years ended 31 December 2019, 2018 or 2017. Key management personnel comprises the Board and Executive Committee. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 197 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 32. Related party disclosures continued Related party disclosures for associates and joint ventures are as follows: Revenue from associates and joint ventures Other amounts owed by associates and joint ventures Amounts owed to associates and joint ventures Associates Joint ventures 2019 $m 2018 $m 2017 $m 2019 $m 2018 $m 2017 $m 2019 $m 2018 $m 10 3 (4) 9 1 (2) 8 2 – – – – 1 – – 1 – – 10 3 (4) 10 1 (2) Total 2017 $m 9 2 – In addition, loans both to and from the Barclay associate of $237m (2018: $237m) are offset in accordance with the provisions of IAS 32 and presented net in the Group statement of financial position. Interest payable and receivable under the loans is equivalent (average interest rate of 2.1% in 2019 (2018: 2.7%)) and presented net in the Group income statement. 33. System Fund System Fund revenues comprise: Assessment fees and contributions received from hotels Loyalty programme revenuesa a Loyalty programme revenue is shown net of the cost of point redemptions. System Fund expenses include: Marketing Payroll costs (note 4) Depreciation and amortisation 2019 $m 1,036 337 1,373 2018 $m 979 254 2017 $m 934 308 1,233 1,242 2019 $m 461 313 54 2018 Restated $m 2017 Restated $m 427 347 49 405 339 41 198 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 34. Group companies In accordance with Section 409 of the Companies Act 2006, a full list of entities in which the Group has an interest of greater than or equal to 20%, the registered office and effective percentage of equity owned as at 31 December 2019 are disclosed below. Unless otherwise stated the share capital disclosed comprises ordinary shares which are indirectly held by InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. Fully owned subsidiaries “IHG Management” d.o.o. Beograd (j) 24th Street Operator Sub, LLC (g) (k) 36th Street IHG Sub, LLC (g) (k) 426 Main Ave LLC (g) (k) 46 Nevins Street Associates, LLC (g) (k) 2250 Blake Street Hotel, LLC (g) (k) Allegro Management LLC (g) (k) Alpha Kimball Hotel LLC (g) (k) American Commonwealth Assurance Co. Ltd. (m) Asia Pacific Holdings Limited (n) Barclay Operating Corp. (cj) BHMC Canada Inc. (o) BHR Holdings B.V. (p) BHR Pacific Holdings, Inc. (k) BHTC Canada Inc. (o) Blythswood Square Glasgow Hotel OpCo Ltd (n) BOC Barclay Sub LLC (g) (cj) Bristol Oakbrook Tenant Company (k) Café Biarritz (n) Cambridge Lodging LLC (g) (k) Capital Lodging LLC (g) (k) CF Irving Owner, LLC (g) (k) CF McKinney Owner, LLC (g) (k) CF Waco Owner, LLC (g) (k) Compañia Inter-Continental De Hoteles El Salvador SA (n) Crowne Plaza LLC (g) (k) Cumberland Akers Hotel LLC (g) (k) Dunwoody Operations, Inc. (k) Edinburgh George Street Hotel OpCo Ltd (n) Edinburgh IC Limited (s) EVEN Real Estate Holding LLC (g) (k) General Innkeeping Acceptance Corporation (b) (l) Grand Central Glasgow Hotel OpCo Limited (n) Guangzhou SC Hotels Services Ltd. (t) H.I. (Ireland) Limited (u) H.I. Soaltee Management Company Ltd (ac) HI Sugarloaf, LLC (g) (ci) Hale International Ltd. (v) HC International Holdings, Inc. (w) HH France Holdings SAS (x) HH Hotels (EMEA) B.V. (p) HH Hotels (Romania) SRL (y) HIM (Aruba) NV (z) Hoft Properties LLC (g) (k) Holiday Hospitality Franchising, LLC (g) (k) Holiday Inn Mexicana S.A. de C.V. (ab) Holiday Inns (China) Ltd (ac) Holiday Inns (Chongqing), Inc. (l) Holiday Inns (Courtalin) Holdings SAS (x) Holiday Inns (Courtalin) SAS (x) Holiday Inns (England) Limited (n) Holiday Inns (Germany), LLC (g) (l) Holiday Inns (Guangzhou), Inc. (l) Holiday Inns (Jamaica) Inc. (l) Holiday Inns (Middle East) Limited (ac) Holiday Inns (Philippines), Inc. (l) Holiday Inns (Saudi Arabia), Inc. (l) Holiday Inns (Thailand) Ltd. (ac) Holiday Inns (UK), Inc. (l) Holiday Inns Crowne Plaza (Hong Kong), Inc. (l) Holiday Inns Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd (aa) Holiday Inns Inc. (k) Holiday Inns Investment (Nepal) Ltd. (ac) Holiday Inns of America (UK) Limited (n) Holiday Inns of Belgium N.V. (ad) Holiday Pacific Equity Corporation (k) Holiday Pacific LLC (g) (k) Holiday Pacific Partners, LP (k) Hotel InterContinental London (Holdings) Limited (n) Hotel Inter-Continental London Limited (n) Hoteles Y Turismo HIH SRL (n) IC Hotelbetriebsfuhrungs GmbH (ae) IC Hotels Management (Portugal) Unipessoal, Lda (af) IC International Hotels Limited Liability Company (ag) IHC Buckhead, LLC (g) (ci) IHC Edinburgh (Holdings) (n) IHC Hopkins (Holdings) Corp. (k) IHC Hotel Limited (n) IHC Inter-Continental (Holdings) Corp. (k) IHC London (Holdings) (n) IHC May Fair (Holdings) Limited (n) IHC May Fair Hotel Limited (n) IHC M-H (Holdings) Corp. (k) IHC Overseas (U.K.) Limited (n) IHC UK (Holdings) Limited (n) IHC United States (Holdings) Corp. (b) (k) IHC Willard (Holdings) Corp. (k) IHG (Marseille) SAS (x) IHG (Myanmar) Ltd (ah) IHG (Thailand) Limited (aj) IHG Bangkok Ltd (v) IHG Brasil Administracao de Hoteis e Servicos Ltda (ak) IHG Civ Holding Co-Investment Fund, LLC (g) (k) IHG Civ Holding Main Fund, LLC (g) (k) IHG Commission Services SRL (co) IHG Community Development, LLC (g) (ci) IHG de Argentina SA (al) IHG ECS (Barbados) SRL (co) IHG Franchising Brasil Ltda (bd) IHG Franchising DR Corporation (k) IHG Franchising, LLC (g) (k) IHG Hotels (New Zealand) Limited (an) IHG Hotels Limited (n) IHG Hotels Management (Australia) Pty Limited (b) (aa) IHG Hotels Nigeria Limited (ao) IHG Hotels South Africa (Pty) Limited (ap) IHG International Partnership (n) IHG Istanbul Otel Yönetim Limited Sirketi (bx) IHG Japan (Management) LLC (ar) IHG Japan (Osaka) LLC (ar) IHG Management (Maryland) LLC (g) (as) IHG Management (Netherlands) B.V. (p) IHG Management MD Barclay Sub LLC (g) (cj) IHG Management SL d.o.o (bo) IHG Mexico Operaciones SA de CV (ab) IHG Orchard Street Member, LLC (g) (k) IHG Peru SRL (dd) IHG PS Nominees Limited (n) IHG Sermex SA de CV (ab) IHG Systems Pty Ltd (b) (aa) IHG Szalloda Budapest Szolgaltato Kft. (at) IND East Village SD Holdings, LLC (g) (k) InterContinental Berlin Service Company GmbH (au) InterContinental (Branston) 1 Limited (c) (n) InterContinental (PB) 1 (n) InterContinental (PB) 3 Limited (n) InterContinental Brasil Administracao de Hoteis Ltda (q) Inter-Continental D.C. Operating Corp. (k) Inter-Continental Florida Investment Corp. (k) Inter-Continental Florida Partner Corp. (k) InterContinental Gestion Hotelera S.L. (by) Inter-Continental Hospitality Corporation (k) InterContinental Hotel Berlin GmbH (au) InterContinental Hotel Düsseldorf GmbH (av) Inter-Continental Hoteleira Limitada (aw) Inter-Continental Hotels (Montreal) Operating Corp. (ax) Inter-Continental Hotels (Montreal) Owning Corp. (ax) InterContinental Hotels (Puerto Rico) Inc. (az) Inter-Continental Hotels (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (ai) Inter-Continental Hotels Corporation (k) Inter-Continental Hotels Corporation de Venezuela C.A. (ba) Intercontinental Hotels Corporation Limited (b) (m) InterContinental Hotels Group (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd (ai) InterContinental Hotels Group (Australia) Pty Limited (aa) InterContinental Hotels Group (Canada) Inc. (o) InterContinental Hotels Group (España) SA (by) InterContinental Hotels Group (Greater China) Limited (ac) InterContinental Hotels Group (India) Pvt. Ltd (aq) InterContinental Hotels Group (Japan) Inc. (l) InterContinental Hotels Group (New Zealand) Limited (an) InterContinental Hotels Group (Shanghai) Ltd. (bb) InterContinental Hotels Group Customer Services Limited (n) InterContinental Hotels Group do Brasil Limitada (bc) InterContinental Hotels Group Healthcare Trustee Limited (n) InterContinental Hotels Group Operating Corp. (e) (k) InterContinental Hotels Group Resources, LLC (b) (k) InterContinental Hotels Group Services Company (n) InterContinental Hotels Italia, S.r.L. (be) InterContinental Hotels Limited (a) (n) InterContinental Hotels Management GmbH (bf) InterContinental Hotels Nevada Corporation (ck) Inter-Continental Hotels of San Francisco Inc. (k) Inter-Continental IOHC (Mauritius) Limited (bg) InterContinental Management AM LLC (cm) InterContinental Management Bulgaria EOOD (bp) InterContinental Management France SAS (x) InterContinental Management Poland sp. z.o.o (cn) InterContinental Overseas Holdings, LLC (k) KG Benefits LLC (g) (k) KG Gift Card Inc. (bz) KG Liability LLC (g) (k) KG Technology, LLC (g) (k) KHP Washington Operator LLC (g) (k) KHRG 11th Avenue Hotel LLC (g) (k) KHRG 851 LLC (g) (k) KHRG Aertson LLC (g) (k) KHRG Alexis, LLC (g) (k) KHRG Allegro, LLC (g) (k) KHRG Argyle, LLC (g) (k) KHRG Austin Beverage Company, LLC (g) (k) KHRG Baltimore, LLC (g) (k) KHRG Born LLC (g) (k) IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 199 Group Financial Statements Notes to the Group Financial Statements continued 34. Group companies continued Fully owned subsidiaries continued KHRG Boston Hotel, LLC (g) (k) KHRG Bozeman LLC (g) (k) KHRG Canary LLC (g) (k) KHRG Cayman LLC (g) (k) KHRG Cayman Employer Ltd. (k) KHRG Dallas LLC (g) (k) KHRG Dallas Beverage Company LLC (k) KHRG DC 1731 LLC (g) (k) KHRG DC 2505 LLC (g) (k) KHRG Employer, LLC (g) (k) KHRG Goleta LLC (g) (k) KHRG Gray LLC (g) (k) KHRG Gray U2 LLC (g) (k) KHRG Huntington Beach LLC (g) (k) KHRG Key West LLC (g) (k) KHRG King Street, LLC (g) (k) KHRG La Peer LLC (g) (k) KHRG Miami Beach LLC (g) (k) KHRG Muse LLC (g) (k) KHRG New Orleans LLC (g) (k) KHRG NPC LLC (g) (k) KHRG Palladian LLC (g) (k) KHRG Palomar Phoenix LLC (g) (k) KHRG Philly Monaco LLC (g) (k) KHRG Pittsburgh LLC (g) (k) KHRG Porsche Drive LLC (g) (k) KHRG Reynolds LLC (g) (k) KHRG Riverplace LLC (g) (k) KHRG Sacramento LLC (g) (k) KHRG Savannah LLC (g) (k) KHRG Schofield LLC (g) (k) KHRG SFD LLC (g) (k) KHRG SF Wharf LLC (g) (k) KHRG SF Wharf U2 LLC (g) (k) KHRG South Beach LLC (g) (k) KHRG State Street LLC (g) (k) KHRG Sutter LLC (g) (k) KHRG Sutter Union LLC (g) (k) KHRG Taconic LLC (g) (k) KHRG Tariff LLC (g) (k) KHRG Texas Hospitality, LLC (g) (k) KHRG Texas Operations, LLC (g) (k) KHRG Tryon LLC (g) (k) KHRG Vero Beach, LLC (g) (k) KHRG Vintage Park LLC (g) (k) KHRG VZ Austin LLC (g) (k) KHRG Wabash LLC (g) (k) KHRG Westwood, LLC (g) (k) KHRG Wilshire LLC (g) (k) Kimpton Hollywood Licenses LLC (g) (k) Kimpton Hotel & Restaurant Group, LLC (g) (k) Kimpton Phoenix Licenses Holdings LLC (g) (k) Louisiana Acquisitions Corp. (k) Luxury Resorts and Spas (France) SAS (dc) Manchester Oxford Street Hotel OpCo Limited (n) Mercer Fairview Holdings LLC (g) (k) Met Leeds Hotel OpCo Limited (n) MH Lodging LLC (g) (k) Oxford Spires Hotel OpCo Limited (n) Oxford Thames Hotel OpCo Limited (n) PML Services LLC (g) (as) Pollstrong Limited (n) Powell Pine, Inc. (k) Priscilla Holiday of Texas, Inc. (cl) PT Regent Indonesia (bh) PT SC Hotels & Resorts Indonesia (bh) Raison d’Etre Holdings (BVI) Limited (ct) Raison d’Etre Services (BVI) Limited (ct) Raison d’Etre Spas Sweden AB (db) Regent Asia Pacific Hotel Management Ltd (bw) Regent Asia Pacific Management Ltd (cp) Regent Berlin GmbH (cq) Regent International Hotels Ltd (bw) Resort Services International (Cayo Largo) L.P. (ci) Roxburghe Hotel Edinburgh OpCo Limited (n) Russell London Hotel OpCo Limited (n) SBS Maryland Beverage Company LLC (g) (as) SC Hotels International Services, Inc. (k) SC Leisure Group Limited (n) SC NAS 2 Limited (n) SC Quest Limited (n) SC Reservations (Philippines) Inc. (l) SCH Insurance Company (bi) SCIH Branston 3 (n) Semiramis for training of Hotel Personnel and Hotel Management SAE (ch) SF MH Acquisition LLC (g) (k) Six Continents Holdings Limited (n) Six Continents Hotels de Colombia SA (bj) Six Continents Hotels International Limited (n) Six Continents Hotels, Inc. (k) Six Continents International Holdings B.V. (p) Six Continents Investments Limited (f) (n) Six Continents Limited (n) Six Continents Overseas Holdings Limited (n) Six Continents Restaurants Limited (n) SixCo North America, Inc. (w) Six Senses America IP LLC (k) Six Senses Capital Pte. Ltd (cr) Six Senses North America Management LLC (k) SLC Sustainable Luxury Cyprus Limited (cs) Solamar Lodging LLC (g) (k) Southern Pacific Hotel Corporation (BVI) Ltd. (v) Southern Pacific Hotels Properties Limited (v) SPHC Group Pty Ltd. (aa) SPHC Management Ltd. (bq) St David’s Cardiff Hotel OpCo Limited (n) Sustainable Luxury Holdings (BVI) Limited (ct) Sustainable Luxury Hospitality (Thailand) Limited (cu) Sustainable Luxury Lanka Pvt. Ltd (cv) Sustainable Luxury Maldives Private Limited (cw) Sustainable Luxury Management (Thailand) Limited (cu) Sustainable Luxury Mauritius Limited (cx) Sustainable Luxury Operations (Thailand) Ltd (cu) Sustainable Luxury Services (BVI) Limited (ct) Sustainable Luxury Singapore Private. Limited (cr) Sustainable Luxury UK Limited (cy) Sustainable Luxury USA Limited (cz) Sustainable Luxury Vietnam Company Limited (da) The Grand Central Hotel Glasgow Limited (n) The Met Hotel Leeds Limited (n) The Principal Edinburgh George Street Limited (n) The Principal London Limited (n) The Principal Manchester Limited (n) The Principal York Limited (n) The Roxburghe Hotel Edinburgh Limited (s) Universal de Hoteles SA (bj) White Shield Insurance Company Limited (bk) Wotton House Hotel OpCo Limited (n) York Station Road Hotel OpCo Limited (n) 200 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Subsidiaries where the effective interest is less than 100% IHG ANA Hotels Group Japan LLC (74.66%) (ar) IHG ANA Hotels Holdings Co., Ltd. (66%) (ar) Regent Hospitality Worldwide, Inc. (51%) (bt) Sustainable Luxury Holdings (Thailand) Limited (49%) (cu) World Trade Centre Montreal Hotel Corporation (74.11%) (bl) Associates, joint ventures and other 111 East 48th Street Holdings LLC (19.9%) (g) (h) (k) Alkoer, S. de R.L. de C.V. (50%) (h) (cg) BCRE IHG 180 Orchard Holdings LLC (49%) (g) (cf) Beijing Orient Express Hotel Co., Ltd. (16.24%) (bm) Blue Blood (Tianjin) Equity Investment Management Co., Limited (30.05%) (bn) Carr Clark SWW Subventure, LLC (26.67%) (g) (ca) Carr Waterfront Hotel, LLC (11.46%) (g) (h) (ca) China Hotel Investment Limited (30.05%) (i) (am) Desarrollo Alkoer Irapuato S. de R.L. de C.V. (50%) (cg) Desarrollo Alkoer Saltillo S. de R.L. de C.V. (50%) (cg) Desarrollo Alkoer Silao S. de R.L. de C.V. (50%) (cg) EDG Alpharetta EH LLC (0%) (d) (h) (r) Gestion Hotelera Gestel, C.A. (50%) (c) (h) (ba) Groups360 LLC (13.15%) (h) H.I. Soaltee Hotel Company Private Ltd (33.4%) (br) Hotel JV Services LLC (17.8%) (c) (g) (cb) Inter-Continental Hotels Saudi Arabia Limited (40%) (bs) NF III Seattle, LLC (25%) (g) (cc) Nuevas Fronteras S.A. (23.66%) (cd) Panacon (33.33%) (ce) President Hotel & Tower Co Ltd. (30%) (bu) Sustainable Luxury Gravity Global Private Limited (51%) (h) (de) SURF-Samui Pte. Ltd (49%) (ay) Tianjin ICBCI IHG Equity Investment Fund Management Co., Limited (21.04%) (bv) Key (a) Directly owned by InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (f) (g) (b) Ordinary shares and preference shares (c) Ordinary A and ordinary B shares 8% cumulative preference shares (d) 1/4 vote ordinary shares and ordinary (e) shares Ordinary shares, 5% cumulative preference shares and 7% cumulative preference shares The entities do not have share capital and are governed by an operating agreement Accounted for as associates and joint ventures due to IHG’s decision-making rights contained in the partnership agreement Accounted for as an other financial asset due to IHG being unable to exercise significant influence over the financial and operating policy decisions of the entity (h) (i) Registered addresses (j) (k) Krunska 73, Beograd, 11000, Serbia 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA 2908 Poston Avenue, Nashville, TN 37203, USA Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda Broadwater Park, Denham, Buckinghamshire, UB9 5HR, UK 199 Bay Street, Suite 2800, Commerce Court West, Toronto, ON M5L 1A9, Canada Kingsfordweg 151, 1043 GR Amsterdam, The Netherlands Alameda Jau 536, Suite 3s-A, 01420-000 Sao Paulo, Brazil 20200 W Dixie Highway, Suite #908, Miami, FL 33180, USA Caledonian Exchange, 19a Canning Street, Edinburgh, EH3 8HE, UK Building 4, No. 13 Xiao Gang Zhong Ma Road, Zhuhai District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China 29 Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, D02 AY28, Ireland Craigmuir Chambers, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, British Virgin Islands Wilmington Trust SP Services, Inc. 1105 North Market Street, Suite 1300, Wilmington, DE 19801, USA 31–33 rue Mogador – 75009 Paris, France Bucharest, 1st District, 50–52 Buzesti St, 83 module, 11 floor, Romania 230 J E Irausquin Boulevard, Palm Beach, Aruba Level 11, 20 Bond Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia Ontario # 1050, Col. Providencia. Guadalajara, Jalisco CP 44630, Mexico Level 54, Hopewell Center, 183 Queen’s Road East, Hong Kong Rond Punt Schumanplein 11, 1040 Brussels, Belgium QBC 4 – Am Belvedere 4, 1100, Vienna, Austria Avenida da Republica, no 52 – 9, 1069 – 211, Lisbon, Portugal 24, Rusakovskaya Str., Moscow 107014, Russian Federation 10 Bo Yar Zar Street, Kyaukkone Yankin Township, Yangon, Myanmar 230 Victoria Street, #13-00 Bugis Junction Towers, 188024, Singapore 973 President Tower, 7th Floor, Units 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7I, 7F, 7G and 7H, Ploenchit Road, Khwaeng Lumpini, Khet Pathumwan, Bangkok Metropolis, 10330, Thailand Alameda Jau 536, Suite 3S-B, 01420-000 Sao Paulo, Brazil Avenida Cordoba 1547, piso 8, oficina A, Buenos Aires, Argentina The Phoenix Centre, George Street, Belleville St. Michael, Barbados Level 10, Commerce Street, Auckland Central, Auckland 1000, New Zealand 1, Murtala Muhammed Drive, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria Central Office Park Unit 4, 257 Jean Avenue, Centurion 0157, South Africa 11th Floor, Building No. 10, Tower C, DLF Phase-II, DLF Cyber City, Gurgaon, Haryana-122002, India (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) (q) (r) (s) (t) (u) (v) (w) (x) (y) (z) (aa) (ab) (ac) (ad) (ae) (af) (ag) (ah) (ai) (aj) (ak) (al) (am) (an) (ao) (ap) (aq) (at) (ar) (as) (az) (ay) (ax) (ba) (bc) (bb) (aw) (bd) (au) (av) (be) (bf) 20th Floor, Toranomon Kotohira Tower, 2–8, Toranomon 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan HIQ Corporate Services Inc., 715 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA 1052 Budapest, Apáczai Csere János u. 12–14, Hungary Budapester Str. 2, 10787 Berlin, Germany Koenigsallee 59, D-40215, Dusseldorf, Germany Alameda Jau 536, Suite 3S-E, 01420-000 São Paulo, Brazil InterContinental Montreal, 360 St. Antoine Street West, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 3X4, Canada 168 Robinson Road, #12-01, Capital Tower, 068912, Singapore 361 San Francisco Street Penthouse, San Juan, PR 00901, Puerto Rico Hotel Tamanaco Inter-Continental, Final Av. Ppal, Mercedes, Caracas, Venezuela 22nd Floor, Citigroup Tower, No. 33 Huayuanshiqiao Road, Pudong, Shanghai, P.R. China Alameda Jau 536, Suite 3S-C, 01420-000 São Paulo, Brazil Alameda Jau 536, Suite 3S-D, 01420-000 São Paulo, Brazil Viale Monte Nero n.84, 20135 Milano, Italy Thurn-und-Taxis-Platz 6 – 60313 Frankfurt am Main, Germany JurisTax Services Ltd, Level 12, NeXTeracom Tower II, Ebene, Mauritius Menara Impreium 22nd Floor, Suite D, JI. HR. Rasuna Said Kav.1, Guntur Sub-district, Setiabudi District, South Jakarta 12980, Indonesia 150 South Champlain Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA Calle 49, Sur 45 A 300 Of 1102 Envigado Antioquia, Colombia Suite B, Ground Floor, Regal House, Queensway, Gibraltar Suite 2500, 1000 De La Gauchetiere St. West, Montreal QC H3B 0A2, Canada (bm) Room 311, Building 1, No 6 East Wen Hua Yuan Road, Beijing Economy and Technology Development Zone, Beijing, P.R.China Room N306, 3rd Floor, Building 6, Binhai Financial Street, No. 52 West Xincheng Road, Tianjin Economy and Technology Development Zone, Tianjin, P.R. China Cesta v Mestni log 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 37A Professor Fridtjof Nansen Street, 5th Floor, District Sredets, Sofia, 1142, Bulgaria C/o Holiday Inn & Suites, Cnr Waigani Drive & Wards Road, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea (bq) (bg) (bp) (bo) (bh) (bn) (bk) (bl) (bj) (bi) (br) Tahachal, Kathmandu, Nepal (bs) Madinah Road, Jeddah, P.O Box 9456, Post Code 21413, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Maples Corporate Services Ltd. – PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman – KY-1104, Cayman Islands 971, 973 Ploenchit Road, Lumpini, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Room R316, 3rd Floor, Building 6, Binhai Financial Street, No. 52 West Xincheng Road, Tianjin Economy and Technology Development Zone, Tianjin, P.R. China 14th Floor, South China Building, 1-3 Wyndham Street, Hong Kong (bt) (bu) (bv) (bw) (bx) (by) (bz) (ca) (cb) (cc) (cd) (ce) (cf) (cg) (ch) (ci) (cj) (ck) (cl) (cm) (cn) (co) (cp) (cq) (cr) (cs) (ct) (cu) (cv) (cw) (cx) (cy) (cz) (da) (db) (dc) (dd) (de) Eski Büyükdere Cd. Park Plaza No:14 K:4 Maslak – Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey Paseo de la Castellana 49, 28046 Madrid, Spain 2710 Gateway Oaks Drive, Suite 150N, Sacramento, CA 95833-3505, USA Carr Hospitality, LLC, 1455 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 100, Washington, DC 20004, USA 2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400, Wilmington, DE 19805, USA 2000 Monarch Tower, 3424 Peachtree Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30326, USA Moreno 809 2 Piso, Buenos Aires, Argentina Pan-American Life Insurance Company, 601 Poydras Street, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA Brack Capital Real Estate Ltd., 885 Third Avenue, 24th Floor, New York, NY 10022, USA Avenida Ejercito Nacional Mexicano No. 769, Torre B Piso 8, Granada, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, CP 11520, Mexico Ground Floor, Al Kamel Law Building, Plot 52-b, Banks Area, Six of October City, Egypt 40 Technology Pkwy South, #300 Norcross GA 30092, USA 80 State Street, Albany NY 12207-2543, USA 2215-B Renaissance Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA 11003 Onion Creek Court, Austin, TX 78747, USA 23/6 D. Anhaght Str., Yerevan, 0069, Armenia Generation Park Z – ul. Towarowa 28, 00-839 Warsaw, Poland Suite 1, Ground Floor, The Financial Services Centre, Bishops Court Hill, St. Michael, Barbados, BB14004 Brumby Centre, Lot 42, Jalan Muhibbah, 87000 Labuan F.T., Malaysia Charlottenstrasse 49, Berlin, 10117, Germany Trident Corporate Services (Singapore) Pte. Limited, 96 Robinson Road, #16-01 SIF Building, 068899, Singapore ATS Services Limited, Capital Center, 9th Floor, 2-4 Arch. Makarios III Ave., 1065 Nicosia, Cyprus Conyers Corporate Services (BVI) Ltd, Commerce House, Wickhams Cay 1, PO Box 3140, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands 57, 9th Floor, Park Ventures Ecoplex, Unit 902-904, Wireless Road, Limpini, Pathum Wan Bangkok 10330, Thailand No. 9/5 Thambiah Ave, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka Premier Chambers, M.Lux Lodge, 1st Floor, Orchid Magu, Male, Republic of Maldives Venture Corporate Services (Mauritius) Ltd, Level 3, Tower 1, Nexteracom Towers, Cybercity, Ebene, Mauritius Berg Kaprow Lewis LLP, 35 Ballards Lane, DX 57284 Finchley 2, London, N3 1XW, UK Corporation Service Company, 1180 Ave. Of the Americas, New York 10036, USA PDD Building, 162 Pasteur Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Grevgatan 13, 11453 Stockholm, Sweden 95 Blvd. Berthier, 75017 Paris, France Bernardo Montengudo 201, 15076, Lima, Peru B-11515 Bhikaj Cama Place, New Delhi, South Delhi, India, 110066 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Group Financial Statements | Notes 201 Parent Company Financial Statements Parent Company Financial Statements 204 Parent Company Financial Statements 204 Parent Company statement of financial position 205 Parent Company statement of changes in equity 206 Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements Six Senses Loire Valley, France 202 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Parent Company Financial Statements 203 Parent Company Financial Statements Parent Company Financial Statements Parent Company statement of financial position 31 December 2019 Fixed assets Investments Current assets Debtors: due after more than one year Debtors: due within one year Creditors: amounts falling due within one year Net current (liabilities)/assets Total assets less current liabilities Creditors: amounts falling due after one year Net assets Capital and reserves Called up share capital Share premium account Capital redemption reserve Share-based payment reserve Cash flow hedging reserve Profit and loss account Total equity Signed on behalf of the Board, Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson 17 February 2020 The (loss)/profit after taxation amounts to £42m loss (2018: £964m profit). Registered number 05134420 Note 2019 £m 2018 £m 3 4 4 7 8 10 6 3,106 3,072 – 25 (253) (228) 2,878 (1,495) 1,383 39 75 7 339 (5) 928 1,383 7 369 (1) 375 3,447 (1,496) 1,951 39 75 7 305 (2) 1,527 1,951 204 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Parent Company statement of changes in equity Called up share capital £m Share premium account £m Capital redemption reserve £m At 1 January 2018 Profit for the year Other comprehensive income items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: Gains on cash flow hedges Costs of hedging Hedging gains reclassified to financial expenses Total other comprehensive loss for the year Total comprehensive income for the year Share-based payments capital contribution Equity dividends paid At 31 December 2018 Loss for the year Other comprehensive income items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: Losses on cash flow hedges, net of related tax credit of £1m Costs of hedging Hedging losses reclassified to financial expenses Total other comprehensive loss for the year Total comprehensive loss for the year Share-based payments capital contribution Equity dividends paid Transaction costs relating to shareholder returns 39 – – – – – – – – 39 – – – – – – – – – 75 – – – – – – – – 75 – – – – – – – – – At 31 December 2019 39 75 Notes on pages 206 to 211 form an integral part of these Financial Statements. 7 – – – – – – – – 7 – – – – – – – – – 7 Share- based payment reserve £m 275 – – – – – – 30 – 305 – – – – – – 34 – – 339 Cash flow hedging reserve £m – – 5 (1) (6) (2) (2) – – (2) – (29) (4) 30 (3) (3) – – – (5) Profit and loss account £m 712 964 – – – – 964 – (149) 1,527 (42) – – – – (42) – (556) (1) 928 Total equity £m 1,108 964 5 (1) (6) (2) 962 30 (149) 1,951 (42) (29) (4) 30 (3) (45) 34 (556) (1) 1,383 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Parent Company Financial Statements | Notes 205 Parent Company Financial Statements Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements 1. Accounting policies Authorisation of Financial Statements and statement of compliance with FRS 101 The Parent Company Financial Statements of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (the Company) for the year ended 31 December 2019 were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 17 February 2020 and the statement of financial position was signed on the Board’s behalf by Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson. The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in the UK. The Company’s ordinary shares are publicly traded on the London Stock Exchange and it is not under the control of any single shareholder. The Directors have assessed, in the light of current and anticipated economic conditions, the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Directors confirm they have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future, and accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the Parent Company Financial Statements. For further consideration of the going concern position of the Group see page 224 of the Directors’ Report. The Parent Company Financial Statements are presented in sterling and all values are rounded to the nearest million pounds (£m) except when otherwise indicated. These Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’ (FRS 101). No income statement is presented for the Company as permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006. The audit fee of £0.02m (2018: £0.02m) was borne by a subsidiary undertaking in both years. Basis of preparation The Parent Company Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 101, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. FRS 101 sets out a reduced disclosure framework for a ‘qualifying entity’ as defined in the standard which addresses the financial reporting requirements and disclosure exemptions in the individual financial statements of qualifying entities that otherwise apply the recognition, measurement and disclosure requirements of IFRS as adopted by the EU. FRS 101 sets out amendments to IFRS as adopted by the EU that are necessary to achieve compliance with the Companies Act and related Regulations. The following disclosures have not been provided as permitted by FRS 101: • A cash flow statement and related notes as required by IAS 7 ‘Statement of Cash Flows’; • A comparative period reconciliation for share capital as required by IAS 1 ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’; • Disclosures in respect of transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries as required by IAS 24 ‘Related Party Disclosures’; • Disclosures in respect of capital management as required by paragraphs 134 to 136 of IAS 1 ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’; • The effects of new but not yet effective IFRSs as required by paragraphs 30 and 31 of IAS 8 ‘Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors’; and • Disclosures in respect of the compensation of key management personnel as required by paragraph 17 of IAS 24 ‘Related Party Disclosures’. Where the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company include the equivalent disclosures, the Company has also taken the exemptions under FRS 101 available in respect of the following disclosures: • The requirements of paragraphs 45(b) and 46 to 52 of IFRS 2 ‘Share-based Payment’ in respect of group settled share-based payments; and • The requirements of paragraphs 91 to 99 of IFRS 13 ‘Fair Value Measurement’ and the disclosures required by IFRS 7 ‘Financial Instruments: Disclosures’. The accounting policies set out herein have, unless otherwise stated, been applied consistently to all periods presented in these Financial Statements. Foreign currency Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the Company’s functional currency at the exchange rates ruling on the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated to the functional currency at the relevant rates of exchange ruling on the last day of the period. Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognised in the income statement. Where dividends have been proposed in US dollars, the supplementary information included in note 11 to the Financial Statements details the exchange rates which will be used to calculate the sterling dividend payable. 206 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 1. Accounting policies continued Non-derivative financial instruments Non-derivative financial instruments comprise investments in equity securities, amounts due from and amounts due to Group undertakings and loans and other borrowings. Derivative financial instruments and hedging Derivatives are initially recognised and subsequently re-measured at fair value. The method of recognising the re-measurement depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. Investments in equity securities Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost plus deemed capital contributions arising from share-based payment transactions less any provision for impairment. The carrying amount is reviewed at each reporting date, including a comparison to the market capitalisation of the company (£9.5bn) on 31 December 2019, to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the income statement. Amounts due from and amounts due to Group undertakings Amounts due from Group undertakings are recorded at their original amount less provision for expected credit losses. The Company has elected to apply the simplified version of the expected credit loss model permitted by IFRS 9 in respect of amounts due from Group undertakings, which involves assessing lifetime expected credit losses on all balances. The carrying amount of the receivable is reduced through the use of a provision account and movements in the provision are recognised in the income statement within administrative expenses. Amounts due to Group undertakings are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Loans and other borrowings Loans and other borrowings are initially recognised at the fair value of the consideration received less directly attributable transaction costs. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Finance charges, including the transaction costs and any discount or premium on issue, are recognised in the income statement using the effective interest rate method. Borrowings are classified as due after more than one year when the repayment date is more than 12 months from the period-end date or where they are drawn on a facility with more than 12 months to expiry. Changes in the fair value of derivatives which have either not been designated as hedging instruments or relate to the ineffective portion of hedges are recognised immediately in the income statement. Documentation outlining the measurement and effectiveness of any hedging arrangement is maintained throughout the life of the hedge relationship. Interest arising from currency derivatives and interest rate swaps is recorded in either financial income or expense over the term of the agreement, unless the accounting treatment for the hedging relationship requires the interest to be taken to reserves. Share-based payments The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to fair value at the date at which the right to the shares is granted. Fair value is determined by an external valuer using option pricing models. The cost of equity-settled transactions is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period in which any performance or service conditions are fulfilled, ending on the date on which the relevant employees become fully entitled to the award (vesting date). The income statement charge for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised at the beginning and end of that period. No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional upon a market or non-vesting condition, which are treated as vesting irrespective of whether or not the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied. Where the Company grants options over its own shares to the employees of its subsidiaries, it recognises, in the Parent Company Financial Statements, an increase in the cost of investment in its subsidiaries equivalent to the equity-settled share-based payment charge recognised in its Consolidated Financial Statements with the corresponding credit being recognised directly in equity. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Parent Company Financial Statements | Notes 207 Parent Company Financial Statements Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements continued 2. Directors’ remuneration The average number of Directors employed by the Company during the year, analysed by category, was as follows: Non-Executive Directors Executive Directors Directors’ emoluments Base salaries, fees, performance payments and benefits More detailed information on the emoluments, pensions, share awards and shareholdings for each Director is shown in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 96 to 109. The number of Directors in respect of whose qualifying services shares were received or receivable under long-term incentive schemes 3. Investments Cost and net book value At 1 January 2019 Share-based payments capital contribution At 31 December 2019 Number of Directors 2019 2018 8 3 11 8 3 11 2019 £m 2018 £m 5.0 5.3 Number of Directors 2019 2018 3 3 £m 3,072 34 3,106 The Company is the beneficial owner of all the equity share capital of InterContinental Hotels Limited, a company registered in England and Wales. A full list of subsidiary and other related undertakings is given in note 34 of the Group Financial Statements on pages 199 to 201. 4. Debtors Due after more than one year Derivative financial assets (note 6) Due within one year Amounts due from Group undertakings Corporate taxation Deferred taxation (note 5) 2019 £m 2018 £m – 11 13 1 25 7 358 11 – 369 208 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 5. Deferred taxation At 1 January 2019 Other comprehensive income At 31 December 2019 Currency swap £m – 1 1 6. Derivative financial instruments and hedging At 31 December 2019, the Company held a currency swap with a principal of £436m. This swap was transacted at the same time as the €500m 2.125% bonds were issued in November 2018. Under the terms of the swap, £436m was borrowed and €500m deposited for eight and a half years with a fixed interest rate of 3.5% payable on the sterling leg. The fair value of this derivative was £16m liability at 31 December 2019 (2018: £7m asset). The currency swaps are designated as hedging instruments of the foreign exchange risk inherent in the bonds’ cash flows. Hedge ineffectiveness arises where the cumulative changes in the fair value of the swaps exceeds the change in the fair value of the bonds. The change in value of the hedged item used as the basis for recognising hedge ineffectiveness for the period was £24m (2018: £7m). The cash flow hedging reserve is analysed as follows: At 1 January 2018 Costs of hedging deferred and recognised in other comprehensive income Change in fair value of currency swap recognised in other comprehensive income Reclassified from other comprehensive income to profit or loss – included in financial expenses At 31 December 2018 Costs of hedging deferred and recognised in other comprehensive income Change in fair value of currency swap recognised in other comprehensive income Reclassified from other comprehensive income to profit or loss – included in financial expenses Deferred taxation At 31 December 2019 Cash flow hedging reserve Value of currency swap £m Costs of hedging £m – – 5 (6) (1) – (30) 30 1 – – (1) – – (1) (4) – – – (5) Total £m – (1) 5 (6) (2) (4) (30) 30 1 (5) IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Parent Company Financial Statements | Notes 209 Parent Company Financial Statements Notes to the Parent Company Financial Statements continued 7. Creditors: amounts falling due within one year Amounts due to Group undertakings 8. Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year Derivative financial liabilities (note 6) Loans and other borrowings £400m 3.875% bonds 2022 £300m 3.75% bonds 2025 £350m 2.125% bonds 2026 €500m 2.125% bonds 2027 2019 £m 253 2019 £m 16 400 302 350 427 2018 £m 1 2018 £m – 399 301 350 446 1,495 1,496 The 3.875% fixed interest sterling bonds were issued on 28 November 2012 and are repayable in full on 28 November 2022. Interest is payable annually on 28 November. The bonds were initially priced at 98.787% of face value and are unsecured. The 3.75% fixed interest sterling bonds were issued on 14 August 2015 and are repayable in full on 14 August 2025. Interest is payable annually on 14 August. The bonds were initially priced at 99.014% of face value and are unsecured. The 2.125% fixed interest sterling bonds were issued on 24 August 2016 and are repayable in full on 24 August 2026. Interest is payable annually on 24 August. The bonds were initially priced at 99.45% of face value and are unsecured. The 2.125% fixed interest euro bonds were issued on 15 November 2018 and are repayable in full on 15 May 2027. Interest is payable annually on 15 May. The bonds were initially priced at 99.53% of face value and are unsecured. A currency swap was transacted at the same time the bonds were issued in order to swap the proceeds and interest flows into sterling. 9. Employee benefits Share-based payments The Company operates the Annual Performance Plan and Long Term Incentive Plan (performance-related awards and restricted stock units). More detailed information on the plans is shown in note 28 of the Group Financial Statements on pages 193 and 194. The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for share awards vested during the year was 4,584.8p (2018: 4,583.8p). The share awards outstanding at the year end have a weighted average contractual life of 1.1 years (2018: 1.0 years) for the Annual Performance Plan, 1.3 years (2018: 0.8 years) for performance-related awards and 1.2 years (2018: 1.2 years) for restricted stock units. 10. Capital and reserves Allotted, called up and fully paid At 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018 (ordinary shares of 1917/21p each) Share capital consolidation At 31 December 2019 (ordinary shares of 20340/399p each) Number of shares millions 197 (10) 187 Equity share capital £m 39 – 39 The authority given to the Company at the Annual General Meeting (AGM) held on 3 May 2019 to purchase its own shares was still valid at 31 December 2019. A resolution to renew the authority will be put to shareholders at the AGM on 7 May 2020. The Company no longer has an authorised share capital. At 31 December 2019, 5,684,427 (2018: 6,827,020) shares with a nominal value of £1,185,324 (2018: £1,352,400) were held as treasury shares at cost. The share premium account represents the amount of proceeds received for shares in excess of their nominal value. 210 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 11. Dividends and shareholder returns Paid during the year: Final (declared for previous year) Interim Special 2019 pence per share 2018 pence per share 60.4 32.0 203.8 296.2 50.2 27.7 – 77.9 2019 £m 110 58 388 556 2018 £m 96 53 – 149 In October 2018, the Group announced a $500m return of funds to shareholders by way of a special dividend and share consolidation. On 11 January 2019, shareholders approved the share consolidation on the basis of 19 new ordinary shares of 20 340/399p per share for every 20 existing ordinary shares of 19 17/21p, which became effective on 14 January 2019 and resulted in the consolidation of 10m shares. The special dividend was paid on 29 January 2019 at a cost of $510m. The dividend and share consolidation had the same economic effect as a share repurchase at fair value, therefore reported earnings per share has not been restated. The final dividend of 85.9¢ per ordinary share (amounting to $156m) is proposed for approval at the AGM on 7 May 2020 and is payable on shares in issue at 3 April 2020. The final dividend will be paid at a rate per share calculated using the average of the daily exchange rates for the three working days commencing 21 April 2020, and will be announced on 24 April 2020. 12. Contingencies Contingent liabilities of £95m (2018: £nil) in respect of the guarantees of the liabilities of subsidiaries have not been provided for in these Financial Statements. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Parent Company Financial Statements | Notes 211 Additional Information Additional Information 214 Other financial information 221 Directors’ Report 225 Group information 225 History and developments 226 Risk factors 231 Directors’ and Executive Committee members’ shareholdings 231 Executive Directors’ benefits upon termination of office 232 Description of securities other than equity securities 233 Articles of Association 234 Working Time Regulations 1998 235 Material contracts 236 Legal proceedings 236 Exchange controls and restrictions on payment of dividends 237 Shareholder information 237 Taxation 239 Disclosure controls and procedures 240 Summary of significant corporate governance differences from NYSE listing standards 241 Selected five-year consolidated financial information 242 Return of funds 243 Purchases of equity securities by the Company and affiliated purchasers 243 Dividend history 244 Shareholder profiles 245 Exhibits 246 Form 20-F cross-reference guide 248 Glossary 250 Useful information 250 Investor information 251 Financial calendars 251 Contacts 252 Forward-looking statements Hotel Indigo Milan – Corse Monforte, Italy 212 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information 213 Additional Information Other financial information Use of Non-GAAP measures In addition to performance measures directly observable in the Group Financial Statements (IFRS measures), additional measures (described as Non-GAAP) are presented that are used internally by management as key measures to assess performance. Non-GAAP measures are either not defined under IFRS or are adjusted IFRS figures. Further explanation in relation to these measures and their definitions can be found on pages 55 to 59. Prior year comparables have been restated as explained on page 59. Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit Non-GAAP reconciliations Highlights for the year ended 31 December 2019 Reportable segments Per Group income statement System Fund Reimbursement of costs Operating exceptional items Reportable segments Reportable segments analysed as: Fee business Owned, leased and managed lease Revenue Operating profit 2019 $m 4,627 (1,373) (1,171) – 2018 $m 4,337 (1,233) (1,171) – 2,083 1,933 1,510 573 2,083 1,486 447 1,933 Change $m Change % 290 (140) – – 150 24 126 150 6.7 11.4 – – 7.8 1.6 28.2 7.8 2019 $m 630 49 – 186 865 813 52 865 2018 Restated $m Change $m Change % 582 146 – 104 832 793 39 832 48 (97) – 82 33 20 13 33 8.2 (66.4) – 78.8 4.0 2.5 33.3 4.0 Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit Revenue Operating profit Reportable segments (see above) Significant liquidated damages Current year acquisitionsa Currency impactb Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit 2019 $m 2,083 (11) (53) – 2018 Restated $m 1,933 (13) – (24) 2,019 1,896 Change $m Change % 7.8 (15.4) – – 150 2 (53) 24 123 2019 $m 865 (11) 6 – 2018 Restated $m Change $m Change % 832 (13) – (6) 813 33 2 6 6 47 4.0 (15.4) – – 5.8 6.5 860 a The results of acquired businesses (Six Senses and two UK portfolio hotels) are removed only in the year of acquisition when determining underlying growth compared to the prior year, see note 11 to the Group Financial Statements. b Excludes $1m of adverse currency impact to both revenue and operating profit related to significant liquidated damages in the Greater China region. Underlying fee revenue Reportable segments fee business (see above) Significant liquidated damages Current year acquisitions Currency impacta Underlying fee revenue 2019 $m 1,510 (11) (14) – 2018 Restated $m 1,486 (13) – (17) 1,485 1,456 Revenue Change $m Change % 24 2 (14) 17 29 1.6 (15.4) – – 2.0b a Excludes $1m of adverse currency impact to both revenue and operating profit related to significant liquidated damages in the Greater China region. b Reported as a KPI on page 43. 214 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Highlights by region for the year ended 31 December 2019 (continued) Americas Revenue Operating profitb 2018 Restated $m 1,051 Change $m Change % (11) (1.0) 2018 Restated $m 673 Change $m 27 Change % 4.0 Per Group financial statements, note 2 Reportable segments analysed asª: Fee business Owned, leased and managed lease Reportable segments (see above) Currency impact Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit a Revenues as included in the Group Financial Statements, note 3. b Before exceptional items. EMEAA Per Group financial statements, note 2 Reportable segments analysed asª: Fee business Owned, leased and managed lease Reportable segments (see above) Significant liquidated damages Current year acquisitions Currency impact Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit a Revenues as included in the Group Financial Statements, note 3. b Before exceptional items. Greater China Per Group financial statements, note 2 Reportable segments analysed asª: Fee business Reportable segments (see above) Significant liquidated damages Currency impactc Underlying revenue and underlying operating profit 2019 $m 1,040 853 187 1,040 1,040 – 853 198 1,051 1,051 (2) – (11) (11) (11) 2 (9) – (5.6) (1.0) (1.0) – (0.9) 1,040 1,049 2018 Restated $m 569 Change $m 154 Revenue Change % 27.1 320 249 569 569 (7) – (15) 17 137 154 154 (4) (53) 15 5.3 55.0 27.1 27.1 57.1 – – 2019 $m 723 337 386 723 723 (11) (53) – 2019 $m 700 663 37 700 700 – 700 2019 $m 217 202 15 217 217 (11) 6 – 638 35 673 673 (2) 671 2018 Restated $m 206 202 4 206 206 (7) – (6) 25 2 27 27 2 29 3.9 5.7 4.0 4.0 – 4.3 Operating profitb Change $m 11 – 11 11 11 (4) 6 6 19 Change % 5.3 – 275.0 5.3 5.3 57.1 – – 9.8 659 547 112 20.5 212 193 Revenue Operating profitb 2019 $m 135 135 135 – – 135 2018 Restated $m 143 Change $m Change % (8) (5.6) 2019 $m 73 2018 Restated $m 70 143 143 (6) (5) 132 (8) (8) 6 5 3 (5.6) (5.6) – – 2.3 73 73 – – 73 70 70 (6) (1) 63 Change $m 3 3 3 6 1 Change % 4.3 4.3 4.3 – – 10 15.9 a Revenues as included in the Group Financial Statements, note 3. b Before exceptional items. c Excludes $1m of adverse currency impact to both revenue and operating profit related to significant liquidated damages. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Other financial information 215 Additional Information Other financial information continued Highlights for the year ended 31 December 2018 Reportable segments Revenue Operating profit Per Group income statement System Fund Reimbursement of costs Operating exceptional items Reportable segments Reportable segments analysed as: Fee business Owned, leased and managed lease Underlying fee revenue Reportable segments fee business (see above) Significant liquidated damages Current year acquisitionsa Currency impact Underlying fee revenue 2018 $m 4,337 (1,233) (1,171) – 1,933 1,486 447 1,933 2017 $m 4,075 (1,242) (1,103) – 1,730 1,379 351 1,730 Change $m Change % 2018 Restated $m 2017 Restated $m 262 9 (68) – 203 107 96 203 6.4 (0.7) 6.2 – 11.7 7.8 27.4 11.7 582 146 – 104 832 793 39 832 744 34 – (4) 774 731 43 774 2018 $m 1,486 (13) (1) – 2017 Restated $m 1,379 – – 4 1,472 1,383 Change $m (162) 112 – 108 58 62 (4) 58 Change $m 107 (13) (1) (4) 89 Change % (21.8) 329.4 – (2,700.0) 7.5 8.5 (9.3) 7.5 Revenue Change % 7.8 – – – 6.4b a The results of acquired businesses (Regent and the UK portfolio) are removed only in the year of acquisition when determining underlying growth compared to the prior year. 2019 $m 2018 Restated $m 2017 Restated $m 1,510 1,486 1,379 (11) (19) (13) (11) – (9) 1,480 1,462 1,370 813 (11) (1) 801 793 (13) (1) 779 731 – – 731 54.1% 53.3% 53.4% b Reported as a KPI on page 43. Fee margin reconciliation Revenue Reportable segments analysed as fee business (page 154) Significant liquidated damages Captive insurance company (note 21) Operating profit Reportable segments analysed as fee business (page 214 and above) Significant liquidated damages Captive insurance company (note 21) Fee margina a Reported as a KPI on page 44. 216 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Gross and net capital expenditure reconciliation $m Net cash from investing activities Adjusted for: Contract acquisition costs net of repayments Tax paid on disposals System Fund depreciation and amortisationa Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired Payment of contingent purchase consideration Net capital expenditure Add back: Disposal receipts Repayments of contract acquisition costs Distributions from associates and joint ventures System Fund depreciation and amortisationa Gross capital expenditure Analysed as: Capital expenditure: maintenance (including gross contract acquisition costs of $62m (2018: $56m)) Capital expenditure: recyclable investments Capital expenditure: System Fund investments Gross capital expenditure a Excludes depreciation on right-of-use assets. Free cash flow reconciliation 12 months ended 31 December 2019 $m (493) (61) – 49 292 2 (211) (4) (1) – (49) (265) (148) (19) (98) (265) 2018 Restated $m (197) (54) 2 45 34 4 (166) (8) (2) (32) (45) (253) (116) (38) (99) (253) Net cash from operating activities Less: Payment of contingent purchase consideration Principal element of lease payments Purchase of shares by employee share trusts Capital expenditure: maintenance (excluding contract acquisition costs) Cash receipt from renegotiation of long-term partnership agreement Free cash flowb a Not restated for the impact of IFRS 15 or IFRS 16. b Reported as a KPI on page 44. 12 months ended 31 December 2019 $m 653 6 (59) (5) (86) – 509 2018 Restated $m 709 2017 Restated $m 616 – (35) (3) (60) – 611 – (25) (3) (72) – 516 2016ª $m 710 – – (10) (54) (95) 551 2015ª $m 569 – – (47) (56) – 466 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Other financial information 217 Additional Information Other financial information continued Adjusted interest reconciliation Net financial expenses Financial income Financial expenses Adjusted for: Interest payable on balances with the System Fund Capitalised interest relating to System Fund assets Adjusted interest 12 months ended 31 December 2019 $m 6 (121) (115) (13) (5) (18) (133) 2018 Restated $m 5 (101) (96) (14) (5) (19) (115) 218 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Revenue per available room (RevPAR), average daily rate and occupancy RevPAR is the primary metric used by management to track hotel performance across regions and brands. RevPAR is also a commonly used performance measure in the hotel industry. RevPAR comprises IHG System rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights available and can be mathematically derived from occupancy rate multiplied by average daily rate (ADR). Occupancy rate is rooms occupied by hotel guests expressed as a percentage of rooms that are available. ADR is rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights sold. References to RevPAR, occupancy and average daily rate are presented on a comparable basis comprising groupings of hotels that have traded in all months in both the current and prior year. The principal exclusions in deriving this measure are new hotels, hotels closed for major refurbishment and hotels sold in either of the two years. RevPAR and ADR are quoted at a constant US$ conversion rate, in order to allow a better understanding of the comparable year-on-year trading performance excluding distortions created by fluctuations in exchange rates. The following tables present RevPAR statistics for the year ended 31 December 2019 and a comparison to 2018. Fee business and owned, leased and managed lease statistics are for comparable hotels and include only those hotels in the Group’s System at 31 December 2019 and franchised, managed, owned, leased or managed lease by the Group since 1 January 2018. The comparison with 2018 is at constant US$ exchange rates. Americas InterContinental Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Kimpton Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Crowne Plaza Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Hotel Indigo Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR EVEN Hotels Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Holiday Inn Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Holiday Inn Express Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Staybridge Suites Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Candlewood Suites Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Fee business 2019 Change vs 2018 Owned, leased and managed lease 2019 Change vs 2018 72.4% (1.7)ppt 84.4% 1.5ppt $212.82 $154.00 3.0% 0.7% $334.81 $282.72 1.1% 3.0% 79.8% $243.92 $ 194.62 1.1ppt 0.7% 2.2% 66.6% (1.3)ppt $129.08 $86.00 0.3% (1.6%) 74.7% 0.7ppt $164.99 $123.20 (0.7%) 0.2% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 81.7% 2.6ppt 81.9% 6.0ppt $174.86 $142.91 (8.3%) $158.03 (5.3%) $129.50 (6.5%) 0.9% 66.5% (0.5)ppt 83.3% 0.9ppt $113.65 $75.54 0.1% $182.50 (0.7%) $152.10 5.0% 6.2% 69.3% 0.2ppt $114.01 $79.00 (0.2%) 0.1% 76.5% 0.1ppt $119.50 $91.47 (0.1%) 0.1% 73.5% (0.5)ppt $86.04 $63.22 (0.4%) (1.1%) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Other financial information 219 Additional Information RevPAR, average daily rate and occupancy continued EMEAA InterContinental Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Crowne Plaza Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Hotel Indigo Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Holiday Inn Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Holiday Inn Express Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Staybridge Suites Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Greater China InterContinental Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR HUALUXE Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Crowne Plaza Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Hotel Indigo Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Holiday Inn Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR Holiday Inn Express Occupancy Average daily rate RevPAR 220 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Fee business 2019 Change vs 2018 Owned, leased and managed lease 2019 Change vs 2018 73.5% 0.9ppt 66.0% (1.2)ppt $202.75 $149.06 0.2% 1.5% $215.99 $142.51 3.4% 1.5% 74.2% 0.5ppt $118.81 $88.13 (1.2%) (0.6%) 81.0% $143.62 $116.40 1.2ppt 0.0% 1.5% – – – – – – – – – – – – 73.5% 0.3ppt 94.1% (1.2)ppt $98.11 $72.14 (1.0%) $138.36 (0.5%) $130.22 3.9% 2.6% 79.0% $88.66 $70.04 1.6ppt (0.9%) 1.2% 74.7% (1.1)ppt $122.47 $91.48 (2.5%) (3.9%) 66.9% $123.39 $82.52 1.1ppt (6.1%) (4.6%) 51.7% 3.3ppt $66.53 $34.39 (0.3%) 6.6% 61.2% (0.3)ppt $76.04 $46.52 (4.5%) (4.9%) 66.6% 0.0ppt $140.06 $93.23 (8.0%) (8.1%) 65.8% (0.1)ppt $66.16 $43.52 (3.8%) (4.0%) 62.8% 0.1ppt $47.20 $29.66 (4.9%) (4.7%) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Directors’ Report This Directors’ Report includes the information required to be given in line with the Companies Act or, where provided elsewhere, an appropriate cross reference is given. The Corporate Governance Report approved by the Board is provided on pages 79 to 95 and incorporated by reference herein. Subsidiaries, joint ventures and associated undertakings The Group has over 400 subsidiaries, joint ventures and associated undertakings. A complete list of these entities is provided at note 34 of the Group Financial Statements on pages 199 to 201. Directors For biographies of the current Directors see pages 80 and 81. Directors’ and Officers’ (D&O) liability insurance and existence of qualifying indemnity provisions The Company maintains the Group’s D&O liability insurance policy, which covers Directors and Officers of the Company defending civil proceedings brought against them in their capacity as Directors or Officers of the Company (including those who served as Directors or Officers during the year). There were no indemnity provisions relating to the UK pension plan for the benefit of the Directors during 2019. Articles of Association The Company’s Articles of Association may only be amended by special resolution and are available on the Company’s website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. A summary is provided on pages 233 and 234. Shares Share capital The Company’s issued share capital at 31 December 2019 consisted of 187,717,720 ordinary shares of 20 340/399 pence each, including 5,684,427 shares held in treasury, which constituted 3.0% of the total issued share capital (including treasury shares). There are no special control rights or restrictions on share transfers or limitations on the holding of any class of shares. During 2019, 801,242 shares were transferred from treasury to the employee share ownership trust. In January 2019, the Company’s issued share capital was subject to a 19 for 20 share consolidation effective as of 14 January 2019 (see page 211) as part of which 6,827,020 treasury shares were consolidated. As far as is known to management, IHG is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another company or by any government. The Board focuses on shareholder value-creation. When it decides to return capital to shareholders, it considers all of its options, including share buybacks and special dividends. Share issues and buybacks In 2019, the Company did not issue any new shares, nor did it buy back any existing shares. Dividends Dividend Special dividend A special dividend was paid on 29 January 2019 to shareholders on the register at the close of business on 11 January 2019 Interim dividend An interim dividend was paid on 3 October 2019 to shareholders on the register at the close of business on 30 August 2019 Final dividend Subject to shareholder approval, payable on 14 May 2020 to shareholders on the register at the close of business on 3 April 2020 Ordinary shares ADRs 203.8p 262.1¢ 32.0p 39.9¢ N/Aa 85.9¢ a The sterling amount of the final dividend will be announced on 24 April 2020 using the average of the daily exchange rates from 21 April 2020 to 23 April 2020 inclusive. Major institutional shareholders As at 17 February 2020, the Company had been notified of the following significant holdings in its ordinary shares under the UK Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules (DTRs): Shareholder BlackRock, Inc. Boron Investments B.V. Cedar Rock Capital Limited Fiera Capital Corporation Fundsmith LLP As at 17 February 2020 As at 18 February 2019 As at 19 February 2018 Ordinary shares/ADSsa 9,939,317b 11,450,000 14,923,417 11,037,891 10,222,246 %a 5.46 6.01 5.07 6.06 5.18 Ordinary shares/ADSsa 10,165,234 11,450,000 14,923,417 9,662,767 10,222,246 %a 5.60 6.01 5.07 5.07 5.18 Ordinary shares/ADSsa 11,280,241 11,850,000 14,923,417 7,707,008 10,222,246 %a 5.92 5.02 5.07 4.06 5.18 a The number of shares and percentage of voting rights was determined at the time of the relevant disclosures made in accordance with Rule 5 of the DTRs and doesn’t necessarily reflect the impact of any share consolidation or any changes in shareholding subsequent to the date of notification that are not required to be notified to us under the DTRs. b Total shown includes 772,402 qualifying financial instruments to which voting rights are attached. In addition to the above notifications, the Company had been notified of the following holdings in its ordinary shares: The Capital Group Companies, Inc. notified the Company on 6 September 2019 that it held less than 5% of voting rights. FMR LLC notified the Company on 22 January 2020 that it held less than 5% of voting rights. As at 17 February 2020, the Company had not received any further notifications in relation to the holdings referred to above. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Directors’ report 221 Future business developments of the Group Further details on these are set out in the Strategic Report on pages 2 to 75. Employees and Code of Conduct Having a predominantly franchised and managed business model means that not all of those people who work at hotels operated under our brands are our employees. When the Group’s entire estate is taken into account (including those working in our franchised and managed hotels), over 400,000 people worked globally across IHG’s brands as at 31 December 2019. IHG employed the following as at 31 December 2019: • 9,636 people worldwide (including those in our corporate offices, central reservations offices and owned hotels (excluding those in a category below), whose costs were borne by the Group; • 4,800 people who worked directly on behalf of the System Fund and whose costs were borne by the System Fund; and • 22,207 General Managers and (in the US predominantly) other hotel workers, who work in managed hotels, who have contracts or are directly employed by IHG and whose costs are borne by those hotels. See note 4 of the Group Financial Statements on page 157 for more information. We continue to focus on providing an inclusive environment, in which employees are valued for who they are and what they bring to the Group, and in which talented individuals are retained through all levels of the organisation – see pages 28 to 33. We also look to appoint the most appropriate person for the job and are committed to providing equality of opportunity to all employees without discrimination. Every effort is made to ensure that applications for employment from disabled employees are fully and fairly considered and that disabled employees have equal opportunities to training, career development and promotion. The Code of Conduct applies to all Directors, officers and employees and complies with the NYSE rules as set out in Section 406 of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002. Further details can be found on page 240. For more information on the Group’s employment policies, including equal opportunities, employee communications and development, see pages 28 to 33, and our website www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business Additional Information Directors’ Report continued The Company’s major shareholders have the same voting rights as other shareholders. The Company does not know of any arrangements the operation of which may result in a change in its control. For further details on shareholder profiles, see page 244. 2019 share awards and grants to employees Our current policy is to settle the majority of awards or grants under the Company’s share plans with shares purchased in the market or from shares held in treasury; however, the Company continues to review this policy. The Company’s share plans incorporate the current Investment Associations’ guidelines on dilution which provide that commitments to new shares or re-issue treasury shares under executive plans should not exceed 5% of the issued ordinary share capital of the Company (adjusted for share issuance and cancellation) in any 10-year period. During the financial year ended 31 December 2019, the Company transferred 801,242 treasury shares (0.43% of issued share capital) to satisfy obligations under its share plans. The estimated maximum dilution from awards made under the Company’s share plans over the last 10 years is 3.1%. As at 31 December 2019, no options were outstanding. The Company has not utilised the authority given by shareholders at any of its AGMs to allot shares for cash without first offering such shares to existing shareholders. Employee share ownership trust (ESOT) IHG operates an ESOT for the benefit of employees and former employees. The ESOT receives treasury shares from the Company and purchases ordinary shares in the market and releases them to current and former employees in satisfaction of share awards. During 2019, the ESOT released 868,857 shares and at 31 December 2019 it held 160,313 ordinary shares in the Company. The ESOT adopts a prudent approach to purchasing shares, using funds provided by the Group, based on expectations of future requirements. Where shares held in the ESOT have been allocated to share plan participants on terms that entitle those participants to request or require the trustee of the ESOT to exercise the voting rights relating to those shares, the trustee shall exercise those votes in accordance with the directions of the participants. In respect of shares in the ESOT that have not been allocated to share plan participants, or have not been allocated on such terms, the trustee may vote or abstain from exercising their voting rights in relation to those shares, or accept or reject any offer relating to the shares, in any way it sees fit. Unless otherwise requested by the Company, the trustee of the ESOT waives all ordinary dividends on the shares held in the ESOT, other than shares which have been allocated to participants on terms which entitle them to the benefit of dividends, except for such amount per share as shall, when multiplied by the number of shares held by it on the relevant date, equal one pence or less. Colleague Share Plan The Company’s Colleague Share Plan rules were approved by shareholders at the Company’s 2019 AGM. A summary of the rules is set out in the appendix to the notice of the Company’s 2019 AGM, which is available at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Shareholder centre in the AGMs and meetings section. The share plan was subsequently launched at the end of 2019. 222 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions By delivering more environmentally sustainable hotels, we can drive cost efficiencies for owners and meet the expectations of all our stakeholders. We recognise the importance of reducing our global GHG emissions for corporate offices and hotels – our target is to reduce our carbon footprint per occupied room by 6-7% across our entire estate by 31 December 2020 (against a 2017 baseline). See page 45 for progress. Reporting boundary Measure Global – corporate offices and franchised, managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotelsb (a KPI and part of our five-year targets) Scope 1 Direct emissions (tCO2e) Scope 2 Indirect emissions (tCO2e) Scope 3 Indirect (tCO2e) Total GHG emissions (tCO2e) Global – corporate offices and managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotelsb (as required under the Companies Act 2006) IHG’s chosen intensity measurement GHG emissions per occupied room (kgCO2e per occupied room) Scope 1 Direct emissions (tCO2e) Scope 2 Indirect emissions (tCO2e) Total GHG emissions (tCO2e) 2019ª 2018a Restated 2017a Restated 529,092.83 508,617.42 479,280.40 2,008,036.70 1,949,693.52 1,863,265.75 2,758,518.28 2,734,979.92 2,729,418.21 5,295,647.82 5,193,290.86 5,071,964.36 26.80 27.80 28.50 529,092.83 508,617.42 479,280.40 2,008,036.70 1,949,693.52 1,863,265.75 2,537,129.54 2,458,310.94 2,342,546.15 IHG’s chosen intensity measurement GHG emissions per occupied room (kgCO2e per occupied room) 44.70 46.10 45.50 a Reporting period commencing on 1 October and ending on 30 September – due to the delay in hotels receiving their energy bills it is not possible to report accurately GHG emissions from 1 January to 31 December. b Includes all of our branded hotels but does not include emissions from 440 hotels. We do not have sufficient data to estimate their emissions and believe them to be immaterial. Scope We report Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 emissions as defined by the GHG protocol as follows: • Scope 1 emissions are direct emissions produced by the burning of fuels of the emitter. • Scope 2 emissions are indirect emissions (generated by the electricity consumed and purchased by the emitter). • Scope 3 emissions are indirect emissions produced by the emitter activity, but owned and controlled by a different emitter from the one who reports on the emissions (e.g. our franchise estate). Methodology We have worked with external consultants to give us an up-to-date picture of IHG’s carbon footprint and to assess our performance over the past few years. The external consultants use a sampling and extrapolation methodology to estimate our GHG emissions. For 2019, in line with the methodology set out in the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, the sample covered 5,193 (92%) of our 5,663 hotels. As IHG’s System size is continually changing and the number of hotels reporting data to the IHG Green Engage™ system increases annually, we have restated 2017 and 2018 data. Finance Political donations The Group made no political donations under the Companies Act during the year and proposes to maintain this policy. Financial risk management The Group’s financial risk management objectives and policies, including its use of financial instruments, are set out in note 24 to the Group Financial Statements on pages 182 to 185. Significant agreements and change of control provisions The Group is a party to the following arrangements which could be terminated upon a change of control of the Company and which are considered significant in terms of their potential impact on the business of the Group as a whole: • The 10-year £400 million bond issued by the Company on 28 November 2012, under which, if the bond’s credit rating was downgraded in connection with a change of control, the bond holders would have the option to require the Company to redeem or, at the Company’s option, repurchase the outstanding notes together with interest accrued; • The $1.275 billion syndicated loan facility agreement dated 30 March 2015 and maturing in March 2022, under which a change of control of the Company would entitle each lender to cancel its commitment and declare all amounts due to it payable; • The 10-year £300 million bond issued by the Company on 14 August 2015, under which, if the bond’s credit rating was downgraded in connection with a change of control, the bond holders would have the option to require the Company to redeem or, at the Company’s option, repurchase the outstanding notes together with interest accrued; • The 10-year £350 million bond issued by the Company on 24 August 2016, under which, if the bond’s credit rating was downgraded in connection with a change of control, the bond holders would have the option to require the Company to redeem or, at the Company’s option, repurchase the outstanding notes together with interest accrued; and • The 8.5-year €500 million bond issued by the Company on 15 November 2018, under which, if the bond’s credit rating was downgraded in connection with a change of control, the bond holders would have option to require the Company to redeem or, at the Company’s option, repurchase the outstanding notes together with interest accrued. Further details on material contracts are set out on page 235. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Directors’ report 223 Additional Information Directors’ Report continued Business relationships The Group is party to a technology agreement with Amadeus Hospitality Americas, Inc. (Amadeus), for the development and hosting of the Group’s next generation Guest Reservation System. The initial term of 10 years will expire in 2028, and the Group has the right to extend this agreement for two additional periods of up to 10 years each on the same terms, conditions and pricing. The financial and performance obligations in this agreement are guaranteed by Amadeus IT Group S.A., the parent company of Amadeus Hospitality Americas, Inc. Otherwise, there are no specific individual contracts or arrangements considered to be essential to the business of the Group as a whole. The Companies (Miscellaneous Reporting) Regulations 2018 An overview of how the Directors have had regard to the matters set forth in section 172(1)(a) to (f) of the Companies Act 2006 is provided in the Culture, responsible business, and stakeholder section of the Strategic Report, on pages 24 to 40, and in the Corporate Governance section, pages 79 to 95. Specifically, a description of the actions taken by the Directors during the year to provide employees with information on matters concerning them, engage with employees to make better informed decisions, encourage employee involvement in the Company’s employee share scheme and increase employee awareness of the financial and economic factors affecting the performance of the Company, is set out on pages 24 to 33. Disclosure of information to Auditor For details, see page 120. A summary of how the Directors engaged with employees and have had regard to their interests on the principal decisions taken by the Company during 2019 is also set out on such pages. A summary of how the Directors have had regard to the need to foster and maintain the Company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others and the effect of that regard, including on any principal decisions taken by the Company in 2019, is set out on pages 24 to 40, and pages 79 to 95. Listing Rules – compliance with LR 9.8.4C Section Applicable sub-paragraph within LR 9.8.4C Location 1 4 Interest capitalised Group Financial Statements, note 7, page 159 Details of long-term incentive schemes Directors’ Remuneration Report, pages 96 to 109 The above table sets out only those sections of LR 9.8.4C which are relevant. The remaining sections of LR 9.8.4 are not applicable. Going concern An overview of the business activities of IHG, including a review of the key business risks that the Group faces, is given in the Strategic Report on pages 2 to 75 and in the Group information on pages 225 to 236. Information on the Group’s treasury management policies can be found in note 24 to the Group Financial Statements on pages 182 to 185. At the end of 2019, the Group was trading significantly within its banking covenants and debt facilities. The Group’s fee-based model and wide geographic spread mean that it is well placed to manage through uncertain times, and our forecasts and sensitivity projections, based on a range of reasonably possible changes in trading performance, show that the Group should be able to operate within the level of its current facilities. After making enquiries, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company and the Group have adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and, accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements. Please see page 54 for the Directors’ assessment of the viability of the Group. By order of the Board, Nicolette Henfrey Company Secretary InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Registered in England and Wales, Company number 5134420 17 February 2020 224 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Group information History and developments The Company was incorporated and registered in England and Wales with registered number 5134420 on 21 May 2004 as a limited company under the Companies Act 1985 with the name Hackremco (No. 2154) Limited. In 2004/05, as part of a scheme of arrangement to facilitate the return of capital to shareholders, the following structural changes were made to the Group: (i) on 24 March 2005, Hackremco (No. 2154) Limited changed its name to New InterContinental Hotels Group Limited; (ii) on 27 April 2005, New InterContinental Hotels Group Limited re-registered as a public limited company and changed its name to New InterContinental Hotels Group PLC; and (iii) on 27 June 2005, New InterContinental Hotels Group PLC changed its name to InterContinental Hotels Group PLC and became the holding company of the Group. The Group formerly known as Bass, and then Six Continents, was historically a conglomerate operating as, among other things, a brewer, soft drinks manufacturer, hotelier, leisure operator, and restaurant, pub and bar owner. In 1988 Bass acquired Holiday Inn International and the remainder of the Holiday Inn brand in 1990. The InterContinental brand was acquired by Bass in 1998 and the Candlewood Suites brand was acquired by Six Continents in 2003. On 15 April 2003, following shareholder and regulatory approval, Six Continents PLC separated into two new listed groups, InterContinental Hotels Group PLC, comprising the hotels and soft drinks businesses, and Mitchells & Butler plc, comprising the retail and standard commercial property developments business. The Group disposed of its interests in the soft drinks business by way of an initial public offering of Britvic (Britannia Soft Drinks Limited for the period up to 18 November 2005, and thereafter, Britannia SD Holdings Limited (renamed Britvic plc on 21 November 2005), which became the holding company of the Britvic Group on 18 November 2005), a manufacturer and distributor of soft drinks in the UK, in December 2005. The Group now continues as a stand-alone hotels business. Recent acquisitions and divestitures The net cash outflow, including the payment of contingent purchase consideration, relating to the acquisition of businesses in 2019 was $300 million (2018: $38 million, 2017: $nil), and relates to the acquisition of Six Senses Hotels Resorts Spas and its management business (‘Six Senses’) in February 2019, the agreement to rebrand and operate under long-term ‘managed leases’ a portfolio of hotels in the UK (UK portfolio) in 2018 and 2019, and the acquisition of Regent Hotels and Resorts (‘Regent’) in July 2018, as follows: • Six Senses: $292 million in 2019; • UK portfolio: $8 million in 2019 and $25 million in 2018; and • Regent: $13 million in 2018. Further information is included in note 11 to the Group Financial Statements. The Group had no material divestitures in 2019 or 2018. Capital expenditure • Capital expenditure in 2019 totalled $265 million compared with $253 million (restated) in 2018 and $356 million (restated) in 2017 (see page 217). The expenditure in 2019 was partly attributable to property, plant and equipment refurbishment works involved in re-branding the UK Portfolio hotels and investments in the Group’s associates and joint ventures. • At 31 December 2019, capital committed (being contracts placed for expenditure on property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and key money not provided for in the Group Financial Statements) totalled $197 million (including $3 million in respect of leases). IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Group information 225 Additional Information Group information continued Risk factors The Group is subject to a variety of inherent risks that may have an adverse impact on its business operations, financial condition, turnover, profits, brands and reputation. This section describes the main risks that could materially affect the Group’s business. The risks below are not the only ones that the Group faces. Some risks are not yet known to the Group and some risks that the Group does not currently believe to be material could later turn out to be material. The principal risks are on pages 46 to 54, the cautionary statements regarding forward-looking statements are on page 252 and financial and forward-looking information including note 8 on pages 160 to 163, and note 24 on pages 182 to 185. The Group is exposed to the risks of political and economic developments The Group is exposed to political, economic and financial market developments such as recession, inflation and availability of credit and currency fluctuations that could lower revenues and reduce income. The outlook for 2020 may worsen due to continued uncertainty in relation to Brexit (see page 47 for a statement on the materiality of this risk to the Company); the Eurozone; the evolving disruption from the outbreak of Covid-19 on travel patterns in Greater China and elsewhere; potential disruptions in the US economy; the impact of fluctuating commodity prices (including oil) on economies dependent on such exports; continued unrest in parts of the Middle East, Africa and Asia; and barriers to global trade, including unforeseeable changes in regulations, imposition of tariffs or embargoes, and other trade restrictions or controls. The interconnected nature of economies suggests any of these, or other events, could trigger a recession that reduces leisure and business travel to and from affected countries and adversely affects room rates and/or occupancy levels and other income-generating activities. Specifically, the Group is most exposed to the US market and, increasingly, to Greater China. The owners or potential owners of hotels franchised or managed by the Group face similar risks that could adversely impact their solvency and the Group’s ability to secure and retain franchise or management agreements. Accordingly, the Group is particularly susceptible to adverse changes in these economies as well as changes in their currencies. In addition to trading conditions, the economic outlook also affects the availability of capital to current and potential owners, which could impact existing operations and the health of the pipeline. The Group is exposed to the risk of events or stakeholder expectations that adversely impact domestic or international travel, including climate change The room rates and occupancy levels of the Group could be adversely impacted by events that reduce domestic or international travel, such as actual or threatened acts of terrorism or war, political or civil unrest, epidemics or threats thereof, travel-related accidents or industrial action, natural or man-made disasters, or other local factors impacting specific countries, cities or individual hotels, as well as increased transportation and fuel costs. Additionally, the Group may be adversely impacted by increasing stakeholder and societal expectations and attitudes in relation to factors contributing to climate change including overtravel and overtourism, and those linked directly to hotels including waste, water, energy, or impact on local communities. A decrease in the demand for business and/or leisure hotel rooms as a result of such events or attitudinal/demand shifts may have an adverse impact on the Group’s operations or growth prospects and financial results. In addition, inadequate planning, preparation, response or recovery in relation to a major incident or crisis may cause loss of life, prevent operational continuity, or result in financial loss, and consequently impact the value of our brands and/or the reputation of the Group. The Group is exposed to the risks of the hotel industry supply-and- demand cycle The future operating results of the Group could be adversely affected by industry overcapacity (by number of rooms) and weak demand due, in part, to the cyclical nature of the hotel industry, or other differences between planning assumptions and actual operating conditions. These conditions could result in reductions in room rates and occupancy levels, which would adversely impact the financial performance of the Group. The Group is subject to a competitive and changing industry The Group operates in a competitive industry and must compete effectively against traditional competitors such as other global hotel chains, local hotel companies and independent hotels to win the loyalty of guests, employees and owners. The competitive landscape also includes other types of businesses, both global and specific to certain markets, such as web-based booking channels (which include online travel agents and intermediaries), and alternative sources of accommodation such as short-term lets of private property. Failure to compete effectively in traditional and emerging areas of the business could impact the Group’s market share, System size, profitability and relationships with owners and guests. The hospitality industry has experienced recent consolidation and is likely to see this trend continue as companies seek to maintain or increase competitive advantage. Further consolidation by competitors may result in such competitors having access to increased resources, capabilities or capacity and provide advantages from scale of revenues, marketing funds and/or cost structures. The Group is exposed to risks related to executing and realising benefits from strategic transactions, including acquisitions and restructuring The Group may seek to make strategic transactions, including acquisitions, divestments or investments in the future. The Group may not be able to identify opportunities or complete transactions on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and may not realise the anticipated benefits from such transactions. Strategic transactions come with inherent valuation, financial and commercial risks, and regulatory and insider information risks during the execution of the transactions. The Group may also continue to make organisational adjustments to support delivery of our growth ambitions, including the integration of acquisitions into the Group’s operating processes and systems. This creates inherent risks of complexity and that any changes made could be unsustainable or that we are unable to achieve the return envisaged through reinvestment. In addition, the Group may face unforeseen costs and liabilities, diversion of management attention, as well as longer-term integration and operational risks, which could result in a failure to realise benefits, financial losses, lower employee morale and loss of talent. The Group is dependent upon a wide range of external stakeholders and business partners The Group relies on the performance, behaviours and reputation of a wide range of business partners and external stakeholders, including, but not limited to, owners, contractors, lenders, suppliers, outsourced providers, vendors, joint-venture partners, online travel agents, third-party intermediaries and other business partners which may have different ethical values, interests and priorities. Further, the number and complexity of interdependencies with stakeholders is evolving. Breakdowns in relationships, contractual disputes, deterioration of the financial health of our partners, poor vendor performance, insolvency, stakeholder behaviours or adverse reputations, which may be outside of the Group’s control, could adversely impact on the Group’s performance and competitiveness, delivery of projects, guest experiences or the reputation of the Group or its brands. 226 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 The Group is exposed to increasing competition from online travel agents and intermediaries A proportion of the Group’s bookings originate from large multinational, regional and local online travel agents and intermediaries with which the Group has contractual arrangements and to which it pays commissions. These platforms offer a wide range of products, often across multiple brands, have growing booking and review capabilities, and may create the perception that they offer the lowest prices. Some of these online travel agents and intermediaries have strong marketing budgets and aim to create brand awareness and brand loyalty among consumers and may seek to commoditise hotel brands through price and attribute comparison. Further, if these companies continue to gain market share, they may impact the Group’s profitability, undermine the Group’s own booking channels and value to its hotel owners, and may be able to increase commission rates and negotiate other favourable contract terms. The Group is exposed to a variety of risks related to identifying, securing and retaining franchise and management agreements The Group’s growth strategy depends on its success in identifying, securing and retaining franchise and management agreements. This is an inherent risk for the hotel industry and the franchising business and management model. Competition with other hotel companies may generally reduce the number of suitable franchise, management and investment opportunities offered to the Group and increase the bargaining position of property owners seeking to become a franchisee or engage a manager. The terms of new franchise or management agreements may not be as favourable as current arrangements; the Group may not be able to renew existing arrangements on similarly favourable terms, or at all. There can also be no assurance that the Group will be able to identify, retain or add franchisees to the IHG System, to secure management contracts or open hotels in our development pipeline. For example, the availability of suitable sites, market saturation, planning and other local regulations or the availability and affordability of finance may restrict the supply of suitable hotel development opportunities under franchise or management agreements and mean that not every hotel in our development pipeline may develop into a new hotel that enters our system. In connection with entering into franchise or management agreements, the Group may be required to make investments in, or guarantee the obligations of, third parties or guarantee minimum income to third parties. There are also risks that significant franchisees or groups of franchisees may have interests that conflict, or are not aligned, with those of the Group, including, for example, the unwillingness of franchisees to support brand or system improvement initiatives. This could result in franchisees prematurely terminating contracts which could lead to disputes, litigation, damages and other expenses and would adversely impact the overall IHG System size and the Group’s financial performance. The Group is exposed to inherent risks in relation to changing technology and systems As the use of the internet, artificial intelligence, mobile and data technology grows, and new and disruptive technology solutions are developed, customer needs evolve at pace. The Group may find that its evolving technology capability is not sufficient and may have to make substantial additional investments in new technologies or systems to remain competitive. Failure to keep pace with developments in technologies or systems, and also with regulatory, risk and ethical considerations of how these developments are used, may put the Group at a competitive disadvantage. In addition, the technologies or systems that the Group chooses to deploy may not be commercially successful or the technology or system strategy may not be sufficiently aligned with the needs of the business. Any such failure could adversely affect guest experiences, and the Group may lose customers, fail to attract new customers, incur substantial costs or face other losses. This could further impact the Group’s reputation in regards to innovation. (See also “The Group is exposed to the risks related to cybersecurity and data privacy”). The Group is reliant on the reputation of its existing brands and is exposed to inherent reputation risks Any event that materially damages the reputation of one or more of the Group’s brands and/or fails to sustain the appeal of the Group’s brands to its customers and owners may have an adverse impact on the value of that brand and subsequent revenues from that brand or business. In particular, if the Group is unable to create consistent, valued and quality products and guest experiences across the owned, leased and managed lease, managed and franchised estates, or if the Group, its franchisees or business partners fail to act responsibly, this could result in an adverse impact on its brand reputation. In addition, the value of the Group’s brands could be influenced by a number of external factors outside the Group’s control, such as, but not limited to, changes in sentiments against global brands, changes in applicable regulations related to the hotel industry or to franchising, successful commoditisation of hotel brands by online travel agents and intermediaries, or changes in owners’ perceptions of the value of the Group. The Group is exposed to risks associated with its intellectual property Given the importance of brand recognition to the Group’s business, the protection of its intellectual property poses a risk due to the variability and changes in controls, laws and effectiveness of enforcement globally, particularly in jurisdictions which may not have developed levels of protection for corporate assets such as intellectual property, trade secret, know-how and customer information, and records. Any widespread infringement, misappropriation or weakening of the control environment could materially harm the value of the Group’s brands and its ability to develop the business and compete currently or in the future. Third party claims that we infringe their intellectual property could lead to disputes, litigation, damages and other expenses. (See also “The Group is exposed to the risks related to cybersecurity and data privacy”). The Group is reliant upon the resilience of its reservation system and other key technology platforms and is exposed to risks that could disrupt their operation and/or integrity The value of the Group is partly derived from the ability to drive reservations through its reservation system and technology platforms which are highly integrated with other processes and systems and linked to multiple sales channels, including the Group’s own websites, in-house and third-party managed call centres, hotels, third-party intermediaries and travel agents. The scope and complexity of our technology infrastructure, including increasing reliance on third-party suppliers to support and protect our systems and information, as well as the rapidly evolving cyber threats, means that we are inherently vulnerable to physical damage, failures, disruptions, denial of service, phishing or other malware attacks, cyber terrorism and fraud, as well as human error, negligence and wilful misuse. Our franchisees and suppliers are also inherently vulnerable to the same risks. Lack of resilience and operational availability of these systems provided by the Group or third-party technology providers and inability or difficulty in updating existing or implementing new functionality could lead to prolonged service disruption. This might result in significant business interruption, impact the guest booking experience, lead to loss of or theft of data, and subsequently adversely impact Group revenues, incur financial costs to remediate or investigate, lead to regulatory and/or contractual enforcement actions or lawsuits, or damage the Group’s reputation and relationships with hotel owners. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Group information 227 Additional Information Group information continued Risk factors continued The Group is exposed to a variety of risks associated with safety, security and crisis management There is a constant need to protect the safety and security of our guests, employees and assets against natural and man-made threats. These include, but are not limited to, exceptional events such as extreme weather, civil or political unrest, violence and terrorism, serious and organised crime, fraud, employee dishonesty, cyber crime, pandemics or contagious diseases, fire, and day-to-day accidents, incidents and petty crime which impact the guest or employee experience, could cause loss of life, sickness or injury and result in compensation claims, fines from regulatory bodies, litigation, and impact reputation. Serious incidents or a combination of events could escalate into a crisis which, if managed poorly, could further expose the Group and its brands to significant reputational damage. The Group requires the right people, skills and capability to manage growth and change In order to remain competitive, the Group must employ the right people. This includes hiring and retaining highly skilled employees with particular expertise or leadership capability. The implementation of the Group’s strategic business plans could be undermined by failure to build and sustain a resilient corporate culture, failure to recruit or retain key personnel, unexpected loss of key senior employees, failures in the Group’s succession planning and incentive plans, or failure to invest in the development of key skills. Some of the markets in which the Group operates are experiencing economic growth and/or low levels of unemployment, attractive roles and competitive rewards available elsewhere, and the Group must compete against other companies inside and outside the hospitality industry for suitably qualified or experienced employees, up to and including Executive Directors. Some emerging markets may not have the required local expertise to operate a hotel and may not be able to attract the right talent. Failure to attract and retain employees and increasing labour costs may threaten the ability to operate hotels and our corporate support functions, achieve business growth targets or impact the profitability of our operations. Additionally, unless skills are supported by a sufficient infrastructure to enable knowledge and skills to be passed on, the Group risks losing accumulated knowledge if key employees leave the Group. Collective bargaining activity could disrupt operations, increase our labour costs or interfere with the ability of our management to focus on executing our business strategies. A significant number of colleagues at our managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels (approximately 22% in the US, Canada, Mexico, Grand Cayman and Dutch Antilles) are covered by collective bargaining agreements and similar agreements. If relationships with those colleagues or the unions that represent them become adverse, the properties we own, lease or manage could experience labour disruptions such as strikes, lockouts, boycotts and public demonstrations. Collective bargaining agreements representing half of our organised colleagues in the US expired during 2018. These agreements were successfully renegotiated during 2019. Hotel sector union member participation continues to increase in key markets within the Americas region, which may require IHG to enter into new labour agreements as more employees become unionised in the future. Labour disputes, which are generally more likely when collective bargaining agreements are being renegotiated, could harm our relationship with our colleagues, result in increased regulatory inquiries and enforcement by governmental authorities and deter guests. Further, adverse publicity related to a labour dispute could harm our reputation and reduce customer demand for our services. Labour regulation and the negotiation of new or existing collective bargaining agreements could lead to higher wage and benefit costs, changes in work rules that raise operating expenses, legal costs and limitations on our ability or the ability of our third-party property 228 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 owners to take cost saving measures during economic downturns. We do not have the ability to control the negotiations of collective bargaining agreements covering unionised labour employed by our third-party property owners and franchisees. Increased unionisation of our workforce, new labour legislation or changes in regulations could disrupt our operations, reduce our profitability or interfere with the ability of our management to focus on executing our business strategies. The Group is exposed to the risk of litigation Certain companies in the Group are the subject of various claims and proceedings. The ultimate outcome of these matters is subject to many uncertainties, including future events and uncertainties inherent in litigation. In addition, the Group could be at risk of litigation claims made by many parties, including but not limited to: guests, customers, joint-venture partners, suppliers, employees, regulatory authorities, franchisees and/or the owners of the hotels it manages. Claims filed may include requests for punitive damages as well as compensatory damages. Unfavourable outcomes of claims or proceedings could have a material adverse impact on the Group’s results of operations, cash flow and/or financial position. Exposure to significant litigation or fines may also affect the reputation of the Group and its brands. (See also legal proceedings on page 236.) The Group is exposed to the risks related to cybersecurity and data privacy The Group is increasingly dependent upon the collection, usage, retention, availability, integrity and confidentiality of information, including, but not limited to: guest, employee and owner credit card, financial and personal data, business performance, financial reporting and commercial development. The information is sometimes held in different formats such as digital, paper, voice recordings and video and could be stored in many places, including facilities managed by third-party service providers, in our Company managed hotels, and by our franchisees, who are subject to the same or similar risks. Cyber breaches increasingly appear to be an unfortunate reality for most firms and we therefore invest in trying to avoid them where reasonable and practical to do so – in recognition of the possible impact of cybersecurity breaches beyond data loss on operational performance and regulatory actions/ fines, as well as the potential impact on our reputation. The threats towards the hospitality industry and the Group’s information are dynamic, and include cyber-attacks, fraudulent use, loss or misuse by employees and breaches of our vendors’ security arrangements, amongst others. The Group experienced cybersecurity incidents including; (a) at a number of Kimpton hotels that resulted in unauthorised access to guest payment card data (the Kimpton Security Incident); and (b) an incident that involved malware being installed on servers that processed payment cards used at restaurants and bars of 12 IHG managed properties (the Americas Security Incident), that the Group become aware of in 2016. These incidents resulted in the Group reimbursing the impacted card networks for counterfeit fraud losses and related expenses and becoming subject to investigations regarding compliance with applicable State and Federal data security standards, and legal action from individuals and organisations impacted by the Security Incidents. To date, four lawsuits have been filed against IHG entities relating to the Security Incidents. The legal and regulatory environment around data privacy and requirements set out by the payment card industry surrounding information security across the many jurisdictions in which the Group operates are constantly evolving (such as the EU GDPR, China cybersecurity law, and California privacy law). If the Group fails to protect information and ensure relevant controls are in place to enable the acceptable use and release of information through the appropriate channels in a timely and accurate manner, IHG System performance, guest experience and the reputation of the Group may be adversely affected. This could lead to revenue losses, fines, penalties, litigation and other additional costs. We are also required to comply with marketing and advertising laws relating to our direct marketing practices, including email marketing, online advertising, and postal mailings. Further restrictions to the content or interpretations of these laws could adversely impact our current and planned activities and the effectiveness or viability of our marketing strategies to maintain, extend and acquire relationships with customers, and impact the amount and timing of our sales of certain products. For information of incidents relating to cybersecurity and data privacy during 2019, see pages 197 and 236. The Group is required to comply with existing and changing regulations and act in accordance with societal expectations across numerous countries, territories and jurisdictions Government regulations affect countless aspects of the Group’s business ranging from corporate governance, health and safety, the environment, bribery and corruption, employment law and diversity, disability access, data privacy and information protection, financial, accounting and tax. Regulatory changes may require significant changes in the way the business operates and may inhibit the Group’s strategy, including the markets the Group operates in, brand protection, and use or transmittal of personal data. If the Group fails to comply with existing or changing regulations, the Group may be subject to fines, prosecution, loss of licence to operate or reputational damage. The reputation of the Group and the value of its brands are influenced by a wide variety of factors, including the perception of stakeholder groups such as guests, owners, suppliers and communities in which the Group operates. The social and environmental impacts of its business are under increasing scrutiny, and the Group is exposed to the risk of damage to its reputation if it fails to (or fails to influence its business partners to) undertake responsible practices and engage in ethical behaviour, or fails to comply with relevant regulatory requirements. The Group may face difficulties insuring its business Historically, the Group has maintained insurance at levels determined to be appropriate in light of the cost of cover and the risk profile of the business. However, forces beyond the Group’s control, including market forces, may limit the scope of coverage the Group can obtain and the Group’s ability to obtain coverage at reasonable rates. Other forces beyond the Group’s control, such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters, may be uninsurable or simply too expensive to insure. Inadequate or insufficient insurance carried by the Group, our owners or other partners for damage, other potential losses or liabilities to third parties involving properties that we own, manage or franchise could expose the Group to large claims or could result in the loss of capital invested in properties. The Group is exposed to inherent uncertainties associated with brand development and expansion The Group has recently launched or acquired a number of new brands, such as EVEN Hotels, HUALUXE, avid Hotels, voco, Kimpton Hotels & Restaurants, Regent Hotels, Six Senses Hotels resorts and spas, and entered into co-branded credit card relationships to support the IHG Rewards Club programme and an exclusive loyalty partnership with Mr & Mrs Smith. As the roll out, integration and growth of these brands (including associated loyalty programmes) is dependent on market conditions, guest preference and owner investment, and also continued cooperation with third parties, there are inherent risks that we will be unable to recover costs incurred in developing or acquiring the brands or any new programmes or products, or those brands, programmes, or products will not succeed as we intend. The Group’s ongoing agenda to accelerate growth and strategic initiatives creates risks relating to the transition of systems, operating models and processes, and may result in failures to improve commercial performance, leading to financial loss and undermining stakeholder confidence. The Group is exposed to an impairment of the carrying value of our brands, goodwill or other tangible and intangible assets negatively affecting our consolidated operating results We hold significant amounts of goodwill, intangible assets, right-of- use assets, property and equipment, and investments. We review the value of our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually (or whenever events or circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred). Changes to estimated fair values could result from shifts in the business climate, the competitive environment, the perceived reputation of our brands (by guests or owners), or changes in interest rates, operating cash flows, market capitalisation, or developments in the legal or regulatory environment. Because of the significance of our goodwill and other intangible assets, we have incurred and may incur future impairment charges for goodwill, other intangible assets and right-of-use assets, which may require material non-cash charges to our results of operations, which could have an adverse effect on our financial results. The Group is exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates, currency devaluations or restructurings and to interest rate risk in relation to its borrowings The US dollar is the predominant currency of the Group’s revenue and cash flows. Movements in foreign exchange rates can affect the Group’s reported profit, net liabilities and interest cover. The most significant exposures of the Group are in currencies that are freely convertible. The Group’s reported debt has an exposure to borrowings held in pounds sterling. Conducting business in currencies other than US dollars exposes us to fluctuations in exchange rates, currency devaluations, or restructurings. This could potentially lower our reported revenues, increase our costs, reduce our profits or disrupt our operations. Our exposure to these factors is linked to the pace of our growth in territories outside the US and, if the proportion of our revenues grows, this may increase the potential sensitivity to currency movements having an adverse impact on our results. From time to time, the Group hedges a portion of forecast foreign currency income by taking out forward exchange contracts and also uses short-dated foreign exchange swaps to manage sterling surplus cash and reduce US dollar borrowings whilst maintaining operational flexibility. However, these arrangements may not eliminate foreign exchange risk exposures entirely, and involve inherent risks of their own, including management time, expertise and external costs. The Group transacted currency swaps in 2018 at the same time as the €500 million 2.125% bonds were issued in order to swap the bonds’ proceeds and interest flows into sterling The Group is also exposed to interest rate risk in relation to its fixed and floating rate borrowings and may use interest rate swaps to manage the exposure. The Group’s operations are dependent on maintaining sufficient liquidity to meet all foreseeable medium-term requirements and provide headroom against unforeseen obligations Cash and cash equivalents is held in short-term deposits and cash funds which allow daily withdrawals of cash. Most of the Group’s funds are held in the UK or US, although $16 million (2018: $2 million) is held in countries where repatriation is restricted as a result of foreign exchange regulations. Medium and long-term borrowing requirements are met through committed bank facilities and bonds. Short-term borrowing requirements may be met from drawings under uncommitted overdrafts and facilities. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Group information 229 Additional Information Group information continued Risk factors continued The Group could be affected by credit risk on treasury transactions The Group uses long-term credit ratings from Standard and Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch Ratings as a basis for setting its counterparty limits. In order to manage the Group’s credit risk exposure, the treasury function sets counterparty exposure limits using metrics including credit ratings, the relative placing of credit default swap pricings, tier 1 capital and share price volatility of the relevant counterparty. The Group trades only with recognised, creditworthy third parties. It is the Group’s policy that all customers who wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures. In respect of credit risk arising from financial assets, the Group’s exposure to credit risk arises from default of the counterparty, with a maximum exposure equal to the carrying amount of these instruments. The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum exposure to credit risk. The Group is exposed to a variety of risks associated with its financial stability and ability to borrow and satisfy debt covenants While the strategy of the Group is to grow through activities that do not involve significant amounts of its own capital, the Group does require capital to fund some development opportunities, technological innovations and strategic acquisitions; and to maintain and improve owned hotels. The Group is reliant upon having financial strength and access to borrowing facilities to meet these expected capital requirements. The majority of the Group’s borrowing facilities are only available if the financial covenants in the facilities are complied with. Non-compliance with covenants could result in the Group’s lenders demanding repayment of the funds advanced. If the Group’s financial performance does not meet market expectations, it may not be able to refinance existing facilities on terms considered favourable. The Group’s financial performance may be affected by changes in tax laws The Group’s financial performance may be affected by changes in taxes. Many factors will affect the Group’s future tax rate, the key ones being future legislative developments, future profitability of underlying subsidiaries and tax uncertainties. There are many potential future changes to worldwide taxation systems as a result of the potential adoption by individual territories of recommendations of the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project, and other similar initiatives being driven by the OECD, governments and tax authorities. The Group continues to monitor activity in this area. Tax liabilities or refunds may also differ from those anticipated, in particular as a result of changes in tax law, changes in the interpretation of tax law, or clarification of uncertainties in the application of tax law. Foreign or U.S. environmental laws and regulations may cause us to incur substantial costs or subject us to potential liabilities. The Group is exposed to certain compliance costs and potential liabilities under various foreign and U.S. federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. These laws and regulations govern actions including air emissions, the use, storage and disposal of hazardous and toxic substances, and wastewater disposal. The Group’s failure to comply with such laws, including any required permits or licenses, could result in substantial fines or possible revocation of our authority to conduct some of our operations. We could also be liable under such laws for the costs of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances at our currently or formerly owned, leased or operated real property (including managed and franchised properties) or at third-party locations in connection with our waste disposal operations, regardless of whether or not we knew of, or caused, the presence or release of such substances. The Group may also be required to remediate such substances or remove, abate or manage asbestos, mould, radon gas, lead or other hazardous conditions at our properties. The presence or release of such toxic or hazardous substances could result in third-party claims for personal injury, property or natural resource damages, business interruption or other losses. Such claims and the need to investigate, remediate or otherwise address hazardous, toxic or unsafe conditions could adversely affect the Group’s operations, the value of any affected real property, or our ability to sell, lease or assign our rights in any such property, or could otherwise harm our business or reputation. Environmental, health and safety requirements have also become increasingly stringent, and our costs may increase as a result. New or revised laws and regulations or new interpretations of existing laws and regulations, such as those related to climate change, could affect the operation of our properties or result in significant additional expense and restrictions on the Group’s business operations. 230 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Directors’ and Executive Committee members’ shareholdings As at 17 February 2020: (i) Executive Directors had the number of beneficial interests in shares (including Directors’ share awards under IHG’s share plans) set out in the table on page 105; (ii) Non-Executive Directors had the number of beneficial interests in shares set out in the table on page 108; and (iii) Executive Committee members had the number of beneficial interests in shares (including members’ share awards under IHG’s share plans) set out in the table below. These shareholdings indicate all Directors’ or Executive Committee members’ beneficial interests and those held by their spouses and other connected persons. As at 17 February 2020, no Director or Executive Committee member held more than 1.0% of the total issued share capital. None of the Directors have a beneficial interest in the shares of any subsidiary. Executive Committee member Keith Barr Paul Edgecliffe- Johnson Number of shares held outright APP deferred share awards LTIP share awards (unvested) Total number of shares held 17 Feb 2020 31 Dec 2019 31 Dec 2018 17 Feb 2020 31 Dec 2019 31 Dec 2018 17 Feb 2020 31 Dec 2019 31 Dec 2018 17 Feb 2020 31 Dec 2019 31 Dec 2018 52,832 52,832 42,782 32,697 32,697 28,262 102,537 102,537 97,211 188,066 188,066 168,255 38,562 38,562 25,669 25,637 25,637 26,742 76,150 76,150 87,482 140,349 140,349 139,893 Elie Maalouf 43,652 43,652 24,773 32,591 32,591 42,058 74,695 74,695 82,694 150,938 150,938 149,525 Claire Bennett 9,152 9,152 – 8,494 8,494 14,406 44,675 44,675 28,788 62,321 62,321 43,194 Jolyon Bulley 52,164 52,164 54,910 Yasmin Diamond 2,354 2,354 1,423 7,891 9,491 7,891 9,491 6,341 38,216 38,216 38,087 98,271 98,271 99,338 7,239 30,331 30,331 33,521 42,176 42,176 42,183 Nicolette Henfrey Kenneth Macpherson Ranjay Radhakrishnan 1,528 1,528 – 5,077 5,077 – 21,239 21,239 – 27,844 27,844 – 14,145 14,145 7,681 31,186 31,186 33,468 46,670 46,670 53,121 92,001 92,001 92,270 22,128 22,128 8,318 16,874 16,874 25,258 48,498 48,498 49,101 87,500 87,500 82,677 George Turner 17,983 17,983 19,806 17,288 17,288 17,768 46,691 46,691 54,341 81,962 81,962 91,915 Executive Directors’ benefits upon termination of office All current Executive Directors have a rolling service contract with a notice period from the Group of 12 months. As an alternative, the Group may, at its discretion, pay in lieu of that notice. Neither notice nor a payment in lieu of notice will be given in the event of gross misconduct. Payment in lieu of notice could potentially include up to 12 months’ salary and the cash equivalent of 12 months’ pension contributions, and other contractual benefits. Where possible, the Group will seek to ensure that, where a leaver mitigates their losses by, for example, finding new employment, there will accordingly be a corresponding reduction in compensation payable for loss of office. Further details on the policy for determination of termination payments are included in the Directors’ Remuneration Policy, which is available on IHG’s website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance in the Directors’ Remuneration Policy section. . IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Group information 231 Additional Information Group information continued Description of securities other than equity securities Fees and charges payable to a depositary Category (as defined by SEC) Depositary actions Depositing or substituting the underlying shares Each person to whom ADRs are issued against deposits of shares, including deposits and issuances in respect of: • Share distributions, stock splits, rights, mergers • Exchange of securities or any other transactions or event or other distribution affecting the ADSs or the deposited securities Associated fee $5 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) Receiving or distributing dividends Selling or exercising rights Withdrawing an underlying security Transferring, splitting or grouping receipts General depositary services, particularly those charged on an annual basis Expenses of the depositary Distribution of stock dividends Distribution of cash Distribution or sale of securities, the fee being in an amount equal to the fee for the execution and delivery of ADSs which would have been charged as a result of the deposit of such securities $5 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) $0.02 or less per ADS (or portion thereof) $5 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) Acceptance of ADRs surrendered for withdrawal of deposited securities $5 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) Transfers, combining or grouping of depositary receipts $1.50 per ADS $0.02 per ADS (or portion thereof) not more than once each calendar year and payable at the sole discretion of the ADR Depositary by billing ADR holders or by deducting such charge from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributionsa Expenses payable at the sole discretion of the ADR Depositary by billing ADR holders or by deducting charges from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions are $20 per transaction Other services performed by the depositary in administering the ADRs Expenses incurred on behalf of ADR holders in connection with: • Compliance with foreign exchange control regulations or any law or regulation relating to foreign investment • The ADR Depositary’s or its custodian’s compliance with applicable laws, rules or regulations • Stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges • Cable, telex, facsimile transmission/delivery • Transfer or registration fees in connection with the deposit and withdrawal of deposited securities • Expenses of the ADR Depositary in connection with the conversion of foreign currency into US dollars (which are paid out of such foreign currency) • Any other charge payable by the ADR Depositary or its agents a These fees are not currently being charged by the ADR Depositary. Fees and charges payable by a depositary J.P. Morgan Chase Bank N.A. (the ADR Depositary) is the depositary for IHG’s ADR programme. The ADR Depositary’s principal executive office is at: J.P. Morgan Depositary Receipts, 383 Madison Avenue, Floor 11, New York, NY 10179. The ADR Depositary has agreed to reimburse certain reasonable Company expenses related to the Company’s ADR programme and incurred by the Company in connection with the ADR programme. During the year ended 31 December 2019, the Company received $387,593.36 from the ADR Depositary in respect of legal, accounting and other fees incurred in connection with the preparation of the Annual Report and Form 20-F, ongoing SEC compliance and listing requirements, investor relations programmes, and advertising and public relations expenditure. Change in certifying accountant A description of the audit tender process completed by the Company is included on page 91. The reports of Ernst & Young LLP (EY) with respect to the Company’s financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS for the past two fiscal years did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified with respect to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles. In connection with the audits of IHG’s financial statements for each of the two fiscal years ended 31 December 2019 (i) there were no disagreements with EY, as that term is used in Item 16F(a)(1)(iv) of Form 20-F, over any matters of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope and procedures, which if not resolved to EY’s satisfaction would have caused EY to make reference to the matter in their report and (ii) there were no ‘reportable events’ as that term is described in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F. IHG has provided EY with a copy of the foregoing disclosure and has requested that they furnish IHG with a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether or not they agree with the above statements. A copy of such letter, dated 26 February 2020, in which EY state that they agree with such disclosure, is filed as Exhibit 15(a)(ii) to this 2019 Annual Report and Form 20-F. 232 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Articles of Association The Company’s Articles of Association (the Articles) were first adopted with effect from 27 June 2005 and were most recently amended at the AGM held on 4 May 2018 and are available on the Company’s website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate Governance. The following summarises material rights of holders of the Company’s ordinary shares under the material provisions of the Articles and English law. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Companies Act and the Articles. The Company’s shares may be held in certificated or uncertificated form. No holder of the Company’s shares will be required to make additional contributions of capital in respect of the Company’s shares in the future. In the following description, a ‘shareholder’ is the person registered in the Company’s register of members as the holder of the relevant share. Principal objects The Company is incorporated under the name InterContinental Hotels Group PLC and is registered in England and Wales with registered number 5134420. The Articles do not restrict its objects or purposes. Directors Under the Articles, a Director may have an interest in certain matters (Permitted Interest) without the prior approval of the Board, provided they have declared the nature and extent of such Permitted Interest at a meeting of the Directors or in the manner set out in Section 184 or Section 185 of the Companies Act. Any matter in which a Director has a material interest, and which does not comprise a Permitted Interest, must be authorised by the Board in accordance with the procedure and requirements contained in the Articles. In particular, this includes the requirement that a Director may not vote on a resolution to authorise a matter in which they are interested, nor may they count in the quorum of the meeting at which such business is transacted. Further, a Director may not vote in respect of any proposal in which they, or any person connected with them, has any material interest other than by virtue of their interests in securities of, or otherwise in or through, the Company, nor may they count in the quorum of the meeting at which such business is transacted. This is subject to certain exceptions, including in relation to proposals: (a) indemnifying them in respect of obligations incurred on behalf of the Company; (b) indemnifying a third party in respect of obligations of the Company for which the Director has assumed responsibility under an indemnity or guarantee; (c) relating to an offer of securities in which they will be interested as an underwriter; (d) concerning another body corporate in which the Director is beneficially interested in less than one per cent of the issued shares of any class of shares of such a body corporate; (e) relating to an employee benefit in which the Director will share equally with other employees; and (f) relating to liability insurance that the Company is empowered to purchase for the benefit of Directors of the Company in respect of actions undertaken as Directors (or officers) of the Company. The Directors have authority under the Articles to set their own remuneration (provided certain criteria are met). While an agreement to award remuneration to a Director is an arrangement with the Company that comprises a Permitted Interest (and therefore does not require authorisation by the Board in that respect), it is nevertheless a matter that would be expected to give rise to a conflict of interest between the Director concerned and the Company, and such conflict must be authorised by a resolution of the Board. The Director that is interested in such a matter may neither vote on the resolution to authorise such conflict, nor count in the quorum of the meeting at which it was passed. Furthermore, as noted above, the interested Director is not permitted to vote in respect of any proposal in which they have any material interest (except in respect of the limited exceptions outlined above) nor may they count in the quorum of the meeting at which such business is transacted. As such, a Director has no power, in the absence of an independent quorum, to vote on compensation to themselves, but may vote on a resolution (and may count in the quorum of the meeting at which it was passed) to award compensation to Directors provided those arrangements do not confer a benefit solely on them. The Directors are empowered to exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money, subject to the limitation that the aggregate amount of all monies borrowed by the Company and its subsidiaries shall not exceed an amount equal to three times the Company’s share capital and consolidated reserves, unless sanctioned by an ordinary resolution of the Company. Under the Articles, there are no age-limit requirements relating to a person’s qualification to hold office as a Director of the Company. Directors are not required to hold any shares of the Company by way of qualification. The Articles require annual retirement and re-election of all Directors at the AGM. Rights attaching to shares Dividend rights and rights to share in the Company’s profits Under English law, dividends are payable on the Company’s ordinary shares only out of profits available for distribution, as determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the UK and by the Companies Act. No dividend will bear interest as against the Company. Holders of the Company’s ordinary shares are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the shareholders in general meeting, rateably according to the amounts paid up on such shares, provided that the dividend cannot exceed the amount recommended by the Directors. The Company’s Board of Directors may declare and pay to shareholders such interim dividends as appear to them to be justified by the Company’s financial position. If authorised by an ordinary resolution of the shareholders, the Board of Directors may also direct payment of a dividend in whole or in part by the distribution of specific assets (and in particular of paid-up shares or debentures of any other company). Any dividend unclaimed by a member (or by a person entitled by virtue of transmission on death or bankruptcy or otherwise by operation of law) after six years from the date the dividend was declared, or became due for payment, will be forfeited and will revert to the Company. Voting rights The holders of ordinary shares are entitled, in respect of their holdings of such shares, to receive notice of general meetings and to attend, speak and vote at such meetings in accordance with the Articles. Voting at any general meeting of shareholders is by a show of hands unless a poll, which is a written vote, is duly demanded. On a show of hands, every shareholder who is present in person or by proxy at a general meeting has one vote regardless of the number of shares held. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Group information 233 Additional Information Group information continued Articles of Association continued On a poll, every shareholder who is present in person or by proxy has one vote for every share held by that shareholder. A poll may be demanded by any of the following: • The Chair of the meeting; • At least five shareholders present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting; • Any shareholder or shareholders present in person or by proxy representing in the aggregate not less than one-tenth of the total voting rights of all shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting; or • Any shareholder or shareholders present in person or by proxy holding shares conferring a right to vote at the meeting and on which there have been paid up sums in the aggregate at least equal to one-tenth of the total sum paid up on all the shares conferring that right. A proxy form will be treated as giving the proxy the authority to demand a poll, or to join others in demanding one. The necessary quorum for a general meeting is three persons carrying a right to vote upon the business to be transacted, whether present in person or by proxy. Matters are transacted at general meetings of the Company by the proposing and passing of resolutions, of which there are two kinds: • An ordinary resolution, which includes resolutions for the election of Directors, the approval of financial statements, the cumulative annual payment of dividends, the appointment of the Auditor, the increase of share capital or the grant of authority to allot shares. • A special resolution, which includes resolutions amending the Articles, disapplying statutory pre-emption rights, modifying the rights of any class of the Company’s shares at a meeting of the holders of such class or relating to certain matters concerning the Company’s winding up or changing the Company’s name. An ordinary resolution requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes of those persons present and entitled to vote at a meeting at which there is a quorum. Special resolutions require the affirmative vote of not less than three quarters of the persons present and entitled to vote at a meeting at which there is a quorum. AGMs must be convened upon advance written notice of 21 days. Other meetings must be convened upon advance written notice of 14 days. The days of delivery or receipt of the notice are not included. The notice must specify the nature of the business to be transacted. The Board of Directors may, if they choose, make arrangements for shareholders, who are unable to attend the place of the meeting, to participate at other places. Variation of rights If, at any time, the Company’s share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class may be varied, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, with the consent in writing of holders of three-quarters in nominal value of the issued shares of that class or upon the adoption of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. At every such separate meeting, all of the provisions of the Articles relating to proceedings at a general meeting apply, except that the quorum is to be the number of persons (which must be two or more) who hold or represent by proxy not less than one-third in nominal value of the issued shares of that class. Rights in a winding-up Except as the Company’s shareholders have agreed or may otherwise agree, upon the Company’s winding up, the balance of assets available for distribution is to be distributed among the holders of ordinary shares according to the amounts paid up on the shares held by them: • After the payment of all creditors including certain preferential creditors, whether statutorily preferred creditors or normal creditors; and • Subject to any special rights attaching to any class of shares. This distribution is generally to be made in cash. A liquidator may, however, upon the adoption of a special resolution of the shareholders, divide among the shareholders the whole or any part of the Company’s assets in kind. Limitations on voting and shareholding There are no limitations imposed by English law or the Articles on the right of non-residents or foreign persons to hold or vote the Company’s ordinary shares or ADSs, other than the limitations that would generally apply to all of the Company’s shareholders. Working Time Regulations 1998 Under EU law, many employees of Group companies are now covered by the Working Time Regulations which came into force in the UK on 1 October 1998. These regulations implemented the European Working Time Directive and parts of the Young Workers Directive, and lay down rights and protections for employees in areas such as maximum working hours, minimum rest time, minimum days off and paid leave. In the UK, there is in place a national minimum wage under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998, as amended. At 31 December 2019, the minimum wage for individuals aged 18 to 20 was £6.15 per hour, aged 21 to 24 was £7.70 per hour and for those aged 25 or over was £8.21 per hour in each case, excluding apprentices aged under 19 years or, otherwise, in the first year of their apprenticeships. This particularly impacts businesses in the hospitality and retailing sectors. Compliance with the National Minimum Wage Act is being monitored by the Low Pay Commission, an independent statutory body established by the UK Government. None of the Group’s UK employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements with trade unions. Continual attention is paid to the external market in order to ensure that terms of employment are appropriate. The Group believes the Group companies will be able to conduct their relationships with trade unions and employees in a satisfactory manner. 234 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Material contracts The following contracts have been entered into otherwise than in the course of ordinary business by members of the Group: (i) in the two years immediately preceding the date of this document in the case of contracts which are or may be material; or (ii) that contain provisions under which any Group member has any obligation or entitlement that is material to the Group as at the date of this document. To the extent that these agreements include representations, warranties and indemnities, such provisions are considered standard in an agreement of that nature, save to the extent identified below. Syndicated Facility On 30 March 2015, the Company signed a five-year $1.275 billion bank facility agreement (Syndicated Facility) with Bank of America Merrill Lynch International Limited, Barclays Bank plc, HSBC Bank PLC, SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd and The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, all acting as joint bookrunners and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd as facility agent. The Company has exercised its ability to extend the term of the Syndicated Facility by two additional periods of 12 months, taking the term of the Syndicated Facility to 2022. The interest margin payable on borrowings under the Syndicated Facility is linked to IHG’s consolidated net debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio. The margin can vary between LIBOR + 0.40% and LIBOR + 1.00% depending on the level of the ratio. The Syndicated Facility was drawn as to $110 million as at 31 December 2019. £2 billion Euro Medium Term Note programme In 2018, the Group updated its Euro Medium Term Note programme (Programme) and issued a tranche of €500 million 2.125% notes due 15 May 2027 (2018 Issuance). On 11 August 2016, an amended and restated trust deed (Trust Deed) was executed by InterContinental Hotels Group PLC as issuer (Issuer), Six Continents Limited and InterContinental Hotels Limited as guarantors (Guarantors) and HSBC Corporate Trustee Company (UK) Limited as trustee (Trustee), pursuant to which the trust deed dated 27 November 2009, as supplemented by three supplemental trust deeds dated 7 July 2011, 9 November 2012 and 16 June 2015 between the same parties relating to the Programme, were amended and restated. Under the Trust Deed, the Issuer may issue notes (Notes) unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by the Guarantors, up to a maximum nominal amount from time to time outstanding of £2 billion (or its equivalent in other currencies). Notes are to be issued in series (each a Series) in bearer form. Each Series may comprise one or more tranches (each a Tranche) issued on different issue dates. A Tranche of Notes may be issued on the terms and conditions set out in a base prospectus as amended and/or supplemented by a document setting out the final terms (Final Terms) of such Tranche or in a separate prospectus specific to such Tranche. Under the Trust Deed, each of the Issuer and the Guarantors has given certain customary covenants in favour of the Trustee. Final Terms were issued (pursuant to a base prospectus dated 9 November 2012) on 26 November 2012, in respect of the issue of a Tranche of £400 million 3.875% Notes due 28 November 2022 (2012 Issuance). Final Terms were issued (pursuant to a base prospectus dated 16 June 2015) on 12 August 2015 in respect of the issue of a Tranche of £300 million 3.75% Notes due 14 August 2025 (2015 Issuance). Final Terms were issued (pursuant to the base prospectus dated 11 August 2016) on 22 August 2016 in respect of the issue of a Tranche of £350 million 2.125% Notes due 24 August 2026 (2016 Issuance). Final Terms were issued (pursuant to the base prospectus dated 13 August 2018) on 13 November 2018 in respect of the 2018 Issuance. The Final Terms issued under each of the 2012 Issuance, the 2015 Issuance, the 2016 Issuance and 2018 Issuance provide that the holders of the Notes have the right to repayment if the Notes (a) become non-investment grade within the period commencing on the date of announcement of a change of control and ending 90 days after the change of control (Change of Control Period) and are not subsequently, within the Change of Control Period, reinstated to investment grade; (b) are downgraded from a non-investment grade and are not reinstated to its earlier credit rating or better within the Change of Control Period; or (c) are not credit rated and do not become investment grade credit rated by the end of the Change of Control Period. Further details of the Programme and the Notes are set out in the base prospectus, dated 13 August 2018, a copy of which is available (as is a copy of each of the Final Terms dated 26 November 2012 relating to the 2012 Issuance, the Final Terms dated 12 August 2015 relating to the 2015 Issuance, the Final Terms dated 22 August 2016 relating to the 2016 Issuance and the Final Terms dated 13 November 2018 relating to the 2018 issuance) on the Company’s website at www.ihgplc.com. The Notes issued pursuant to the 2012 Issuance, the Notes issued pursuant to the 2015 Issuance, the Notes issued pursuant to the 2016 Issuance and the Notes issued pursuant to the 2018 Issuance are referred to as ‘£400 million 3.875% bonds 2022’, ‘£300 million 3.75% bonds 2025’, ‘£350 million 2.125% bonds 2026’, and ‘€500 million 2.125% bonds 2027’ respectively in the Group Financial Statements. On 11 August 2016, the Issuer and the Guarantors entered into an amended and restated agency agreement (Agency Agreement) with HSBC Bank plc as principal paying agent and the Trustee, pursuant to which the Issuer and the Guarantors appointed paying agents and calculation agents in connection with the Programme and the Notes. Under the Agency Agreement, each of the Issuer and the Guarantors has given a customary indemnity in favour of the paying agents and the calculation agents. On 13 August 2018, the Issuer and the Guarantors entered into an amended and restated dealer agreement (Dealer Agreement) with HSBC Bank plc as arranger and Barclays Bank PLC, Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft, HSBC Bank plc, Merrill Lynch International, MUFG Securities EMEA plc, SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities International Limited as dealers (Dealers), pursuant to which the Dealers were appointed in connection with the Programme and the Notes. Under the Dealer Agreement, each of the Issuer and the Guarantors has given customary warranties and indemnities in favour of the Dealers. Acquisition of Six Senses Hotels Resorts Spas On 12 February 2019, a share purchase agreement (SPA) was entered into between Sustainable Luxury (BVI) Limited Partnership (acting through Sustainable Luxury (BVI) Limited as its general partner), Sustainable Luxury Holdings (BVI) Limited, and Inter-Continental Hotels Corporation. Under the SPA, Inter-Continental Hotels Corporation agreed to buy the entire issued share capital of Sustainable Luxury Holdings (BVI) Limited, the principal trading company of the Six Senses group, from Sustainable Luxury (BVI) Limited Partnership. The purchase completed on 12 February 2019. Under the SPA, Inter-Continental Hotels Corporation gave certain customary warranties and indemnities to the seller. The consideration paid in respect of the acquisition was $300 million in cash, before adjustments. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Group information 235 Additional Information Group information continued Legal proceedings Group companies have extensive operations in the UK, as well as internationally, and are involved in a number of legal claims and proceedings incidental to those operations. These legal claims and proceedings are in various stages and include disputes related to specific hotels where the potential materiality is not yet known. It is the Company’s view that such proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, have not in the recent past and are not likely to have a significant effect on the Group’s financial position or profitability. Notwithstanding the above, the Company notes the matters set out below. Litigation is inherently unpredictable and, as of 17 February 2020, unless stated otherwise, the outcome of these matters cannot be reasonably determined. A claim was filed on 5 July 2016 by CPTS Hotel Lessee, LLC (CPTS) against Holiday Hospitality Franchising, LLC (HHF). The claimant alleges breach of the licence agreement and seeks a declaratory judgement from the court that it has the right to terminate its licence with HHF. HHF and InterContinental Hotels Group Resources, Inc. filed a claim against CPTS Hotel Lessee, LLC also seeking a declaratory judgement and alleging breach of contract and fraud. On 1 May 2018, the court granted IHG’s motion for preliminary injunction and ruled that the license agreement at issue is not terminable at will by CPTS. As of 17 February 2020, the likelihood of a favourable or unfavourable result cannot be reasonably determined and it is not possible to determine whether any loss is likely or to estimate the amount of any loss. A claim was filed on 20 September 2016 against Kimpton Hotel and Restaurant Group, LLC (“Kimpton”), seeking class action status and alleging breach of implied contract, negligence, and deceptive business practices related to an alleged data breach. The claimant alleged that Kimpton failed to secure and safeguard its customers’ payment card data and personally identifiable information. The parties reached agreement on a resolution of this matter and on 11 July 2019, the Court granted final approval of the agreement. The claim was dismissed, and the parties are complying with the terms of the agreement. A claim was filed on 5 May 2017 against InterContinental Hotels Group PLC, Inter-Continental Hotels Corporation, and InterContinental Hotels Group Resources, Inc. seeking class action status and alleging breach of implied contract, negligence, and unjust enrichment regarding an alleged data breach. The claimant alleges that IHG failed to secure and safeguard customers’ personal financial data. As of 17 February 2020, the likelihood of a favourable or unfavourable result cannot be reasonably determined and it is not possible to determine whether any loss is likely or to estimate the amount of any loss. A claim was filed on 26 June 2017 against Inter-Continental Hotels Corporation, InterContinental Hotels Group Resources, Inc., and InterContinental Hotels Group (Canada), Inc. seeking class action status and alleging breach of fiduciary duty, negligence, breach of confidence, intrusion upon seclusion, breach of contract, breach of privacy legislation, and unjust enrichment regarding an alleged data breach. The claim was amended in March 2018 to name Six Continents Hotels, Inc. as the sole defendant. The claimant alleges that security failures allowed customers’ financial information to be compromised. As of 17 February 2020, the likelihood of a favourable or unfavourable result cannot be reasonably determined and it is not possible to determine whether any loss is likely or to estimate the amount of any loss. Two claims were filed on 19 March 2018 and 6 December 2018 against Six Continents Hotels, Inc. and other hotel companies, alleging violations of anti-trust regulations. One of the matters is a class action, and both suits allege that the defendant hotel companies conspired to eliminate competitive branded keyword search advertising in the hotel industry, which raised prices for hotel rooms in violation of applicable law. As of 17 February 2020, the likelihood of a favourable or unfavourable result cannot be reasonably determined and it is not possible to determine whether any loss is likely or to estimate the amount of any loss. A claim was filed on 5 April 2019 and amended on 16 December 2019 against Kimpton seeking class action status and alleging harm related to the compromise of personal information due to a data security breach. The allegations relate to a breach of the reservation system previously used by Kimpton. As of 17 February 2020 the likelihood of a favourable or unfavourable result cannot be reasonably determined and it is not possible to determine whether any loss is likely or to estimate the amount of any loss. An arbitration was held in April 2019 related to a claim alleging that IHG Hotels Limited wrongfully terminated a franchise agreement. The claimant sought monetary damages and sought a declaratory judgement that IHG Hotels Limited anticipatorily breached the agreement. On 6 February 2020 the arbitrator issued an award against IHG Hotels Limited, which has been provided for in the Group’s operating exceptional items. A union pension plan filed an action against InterContinental Hotels Group Resources, Inc. (“IHGR”) on 28 August 2019 in the Southern District of New York alleging that IHGR failed to pay a pension fund liability associated with its alleged withdrawal from the fund based on the termination of IHGR’s management of three formerly IHG-branded hotels. Should IHGR be required to make any payments in respect of this action, IHGR intends to seek recovery for the entire amount under existing indemnity arrangements. Exchange controls and restrictions on payment of dividends There are no restrictions on dividend payments to US citizens. Although there are currently no UK foreign exchange control restrictions on the export or import of capital or the payment of dividends on the ordinary shares or the ADSs, economic sanctions which may be in force in the UK from time to time impose restrictions on the payment of dividends to persons resident (or treated as so resident) in or governments of (or persons exercising public functions in) certain countries. Other than economic sanctions which may be in force in the UK from time to time, there are no restrictions under the Articles or under English law that limit the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote the ordinary shares or the ADSs. In addition, the Articles contain certain limitations on the voting and other rights of any holder of ordinary shares whose holding may, in the opinion of the Directors, result in the loss or failure to secure the reinstatement of any licence or franchise from any US governmental agency held by Six Continents Hotels, Inc. or any subsidiary thereof. 236 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Shareholder information Taxation This section provides a summary of material US federal income tax and UK tax consequences to the US holders, described below, of owning and disposing of ordinary shares or ADSs of the Company. This section addresses only the tax position of a US holder who holds ordinary shares or ADSs as capital assets. This section does not, however, discuss all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to any particular US holder, such as the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (IR Code) known as the Medicare Contribution tax or tax consequences to US holders subject to special rules, such as: • Certain financial institutions. • Insurance companies. • Dealers and traders in securities who use a mark-to-market method of tax accounting. • Persons holding ordinary shares or ADSs as part of a straddle, conversion transaction, integrated transaction or wash sale, or persons entering into a constructive sale with respect to the ordinary shares or ADSs. • Persons whose functional currency for US federal income tax purposes is not the US dollar. • Partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships for US federal income tax purposes. • Persons liable for the alternative minimum tax. • Tax-exempt organisations. • Persons who acquired the Company’s ADSs or ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise in connection with employment. • Persons who, directly or indirectly, own ordinary shares or ADSs representing 10% or more of the Company’s voting power or value. This section does not generally deal with the position of a US holder who is resident in the UK for UK tax purposes or who is subject to UK taxation on capital gains or income by virtue of carrying on a trade, profession or vocation in the UK through a branch, agency or permanent establishment to which such ADSs or ordinary shares are attributable (‘trading in the UK’). As used herein, a ‘US holder’ is a person who, for US federal income tax purposes, is a beneficial owner of ordinary shares or ADSs and is: (i) a citizen or individual resident of the US; (ii) a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organised in or under the laws of the US, any state therein or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate whose income is subject to US federal income tax regardless of its source; or (iv) a trust, if a US court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more US persons are authorised to control all substantial decisions of the trust. This section is based on the IR Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations, published rulings and court decisions, and on UK tax laws and the published practice of HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC), all as of the date hereof. These laws, and that practice, are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. This section is further based in part upon the representations of the ADR Depositary and assumes that each obligation in the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. For US federal income tax purposes, an owner of ADRs evidencing ADSs will generally be treated as the owner of the underlying shares represented by those ADSs. For UK tax purposes, in practice, HMRC will also regard holders of ADSs as the beneficial owners of the ordinary shares represented by those ADSs (although case law has cast some doubt on this). The discussion below assumes that HMRC’s position is followed. Generally, exchanges of ordinary shares for ADSs, and ADSs for ordinary shares, will not be subject to US federal income tax or UK taxation on capital gains, although UK stamp duty or stamp duty reserve tax (SDRT) may arise as described below. The US Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom American Depositary Shares are pre-released before shares are delivered to the depositary, or intermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders and the issuer of the securities underlying the American Depositary Shares, may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by US holders of American Depositary Shares. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the preferential rates of tax, described below, for qualified dividend income. Accordingly, the availability of the preferential rates of tax for qualified dividend income described below could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the American Depositary Shares are pre-released. Investors should consult their own tax advisers regarding the US federal, state and local, the UK and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of ordinary shares or ADSs in their particular circumstances. The following disclosures assumes that the Company is not, and will not become, a passive foreign investment company (PFIC), as described below. Taxation of dividends UK taxation Under current UK tax law, the Company will not be required to withhold tax at source from dividend payments it makes. A US holder who is not resident for UK tax purposes in the UK and who is not trading in the UK will generally not be liable for UK taxation on dividends received in respect of the ADSs or ordinary shares. US federal income taxation A US holder is generally subject to US federal income taxation on the gross amount of any dividend paid by the Company out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for US federal income tax purposes). Distributions in excess of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for US federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the US holder’s basis in the shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. Because the Company has not historically maintained, and does not currently maintain, books in accordance with US tax principles, the Company does not expect to be in a position to determine whether any distribution will be in excess of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits as computed for US federal income tax purposes. As a result, it is expected that amounts distributed will be reported to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as dividends. Subject to applicable limitations and the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the US Treasury, dividends paid to certain non-corporate US holders will be taxable at the preferential rates applicable to long-term capital gain if the dividends constitute ‘qualified dividend income’. The Company expects that dividends paid by the Company with respect to the ADSs will constitute qualified dividend income. US holders should consult their own tax advisors to determine whether they are subject to any special rules that limit their ability to be taxed at these preferential rates. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Shareholder information 237 Additional Information Shareholder information continued Taxation continued Dividends must be included in income when the US holder, in the case of shares, or the ADR Depositary, in the case of ADSs, actually or constructively receives the dividend, and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to US corporations in respect of dividends received from other US corporations. For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, dividends will generally be income from sources outside the US. The amount of any dividend paid in pounds sterling will be the US dollar value of the sterling payments made, determined at the spot sterling/US dollar rate on the date the dividend distribution is includible in income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into US dollars. If the dividend is converted into US dollars on that date, a US holder should not be required to recognise foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend payment is includible in income to the date the payment is converted into US dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss from sources within the US. Taxation of capital gains UK taxation A US holder who is not resident for UK tax purposes in the UK and who is not trading in the UK will not generally be liable for UK taxation on capital gains, or eligible for relief for allowable losses, realised or accrued on the sale or other disposal of ADSs or ordinary shares. A US holder of ADSs or ordinary shares who is an individual and who, broadly, has temporarily ceased to be resident in the UK or has become temporarily treated as non-resident for UK tax purposes for a period of not more than five years and who disposes of ordinary shares or ADSs during that period may, for the year of assessment when that individual becomes resident again in the UK, be liable to UK tax on capital gains (subject to any available exemption or relief), notwithstanding the fact that such US holder was not treated as resident in the UK at the time of the sale or other disposal. US federal income taxation A US holder who sells or otherwise disposes of ordinary shares or ADSs will recognise a capital gain or loss for US federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between the amount realised and its tax basis in the ordinary shares or ADSs, each determined in US dollars. Such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss where the US holder has a holding period greater than one year. Losses may also be treated as long-term capital losses to the extent of certain ‘extraordinary dividends’ that qualified for the preferential tax rates on qualified dividend income described above. The capital gain or loss will generally be income or loss from sources within the US for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. PFIC rules Based on the manner in which the Group operates its business and estimates of the value of its assets (which estimates are based, in part, on the market value of the Company’s ADSs) the Company believes that it was not a PFIC for US federal income tax purposes for its 2019 taxable year. However, this conclusion is an annual factual determination and thus may be subject to change. If the Company were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a US holder owned ordinary shares or ADSs, gain realised on the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares or ADSs would, in general, not be treated as capital gain. Instead, gain would be treated as if the US holder had realised such gain rateably over the holding period for the ordinary shares or ADSs and, to the extent allocated to the taxable year of the sale or other disposition and to any year before the Company became a PFIC, would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect (for individuals or corporations, as applicable) for each such year to which the gain was allocated, together with an interest charge in respect of the tax attributable to each such year. In addition, similar rules would apply to any ‘excess distribution’ received on the ordinary shares or ADSs (generally, the excess of any distribution received on the ordinary shares or ADSs during the taxable year over 125% of the average amount of distributions received during a specified prior period). The preferential rates for qualified dividend income described above would not apply if the Company were a PFIC in the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year. Certain elections may be available (including a market-to-market election) to US holders that would result in alternative treatments of the ordinary shares or ADSs. If the Company were a PFIC for any taxable year in which a US holder held ordinary shares or ADSs, a US holder would generally be required to file IRS Form 8621 with their annual US federal income tax returns, subject to certain exceptions. Additional tax considerations UK inheritance tax An individual who is neither domiciled nor deemed domiciled in the UK is only chargeable to UK inheritance tax to the extent the individual owns assets situated in the UK. As a matter of UK law, it is not clear whether the situs of an ADS for UK inheritance tax purposes is determined by the place where the depositary is established and records the entitlements of the deposit holders, or by the situs of the underlying share which the ADS represents, but HMRC may take the view that the ADSs, as well as the ordinary shares, are or represent UK-situs assets. 238 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 However, an individual who is domiciled in the US (for the purposes of the Estate and Gift Tax Convention (the Convention), and is not a UK national as defined in the Convention, will not be subject to UK inheritance tax (to the extent UK inheritance tax applies) in respect of the ordinary shares or ADSs on the individual’s death or on a transfer of the ordinary shares or ADSs during their lifetime, provided that any applicable US federal gift or estate tax is paid, unless the ordinary shares or ADSs are part of the business property of a UK permanent establishment or pertain to a UK fixed base of an individual used for the performance of independent personal services. Where the ordinary shares or ADSs have been placed in trust by a settlor, they may be subject to UK inheritance tax unless, when the trust was created, the settlor was domiciled in the US and was not a UK national. If no relief is given under the Convention, inheritance tax may be charged on death and also on the amount by which the value of an individual’s estate is reduced as a result of any transfer made by way of gift or other undervalue transfer, broadly within seven years of death, and in certain other circumstances. Where the ordinary shares or ADSs are subject to both UK inheritance tax and to US federal gift or estate tax, the Convention generally provides for either a credit against US federal tax liabilities for UK inheritance tax paid or for a credit against UK inheritance tax liabilities for US federal tax paid, as the case may be. UK stamp duty and SDRT Neither stamp duty nor SDRT will generally be payable in the UK on the purchase or transfer of an ADS, provided that the ADS and any separate instrument or written agreement of transfer are executed and remain at all times outside the UK. UK legislation does however provide for stamp duty (in the case of transfers) or SDRT to be payable at the rate of 1.5% on the amount or value of the consideration (or, in some cases, the value of the ordinary shares) where ordinary shares are issued or transferred to a person (or a nominee or agent of a person) whose business is or includes issuing depositary receipts or the provision of clearance services. In accordance with the terms of the deposit agreement, any tax or duty payable on deposits of ordinary shares by the depositary or by the custodian of the depositary will typically be charged to the party to whom ADSs are delivered against such deposits. Following litigation on the subject, HMRC has accepted that it will no longer seek to apply the 1.5% SDRT charge when new shares are issued to a clearance service or depositary receipt system on the basis that the charge is not compatible with EU law. The Government has confirmed that it will not reintroduce the 1.5% charge on the issue of shares (and transfers integral to the raising of capital) into clearance service or depositary receipt systems following the UK’s exit from the EU. In HMRC’s view, the 1.5% SDRT or stamp duty charge will continue to apply to transfers of shares into a clearance service or depositary receipt system unless they are an integral part of an issue of share capital. Specific professional advice should be sought before paying the 1.5% SDRT or stamp duty charge in any circumstances. A transfer of the underlying ordinary shares will generally be subject to stamp duty or SDRT, normally at the rate of 0.5% of the amount or value of the consideration (rounded up to the next multiple of £5 in the case of stamp duty). A transfer of ordinary shares from a nominee to its beneficial owner, including the transfer of underlying ordinary shares from the depositary to an ADS holder, under which no beneficial interest passes, will not be subject to stamp duty or SDRT. US backup withholding and information reporting Payments of dividends and sales proceeds with respect to ADSs and ordinary shares may be reported to the IRS and to the US holder. Backup withholding may apply to these reportable payments if the US holder fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number or certification of exempt status or fails to report all interest and dividends required to be shown on its US federal income tax returns. Certain US holders (including, among others, corporations) are not subject to information reporting and backup withholding. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a US holder will be allowed as a credit against the holder’s US federal income tax liability and may entitle the holder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. US holders should consult their tax advisors as to their qualification for exemption from backup withholding and the procedure for obtaining an exemption. Certain US holders who are individuals (and certain specified entities), may be required to report information relating to their ownership of non-US securities unless the securities are held in accounts at financial institutions (in which case the accounts may be reportable if maintained by non-US financial institutions). US holders should consult their tax advisers regarding any reporting obligations they may have with respect to the Company’s ordinary shares or ADSs. Disclosure controls and procedures As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Group carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Group’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Group’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act 1934). These are defined as those controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act 1934 is recorded, processed, summarised and reported within the specified periods. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Group’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Shareholder information 239 Additional Information Shareholder information continued Summary of significant corporate governance differences from NYSE listing standards The Group’s statement of compliance with the principles and provisions specified in the UK Corporate Governance Code issued in July 2018 by the Financial Reporting Council (the Code) is set out on pages 94 and 95. The Chair of the Company is not a member of either the Remuneration or the Audit Committee. As set out on page 88, the Audit Committee is chaired by an Independent Non-Executive Director who, in the Board’s view, has the experience and qualifications to satisfy the criterion under US rules for an ‘audit committee financial expert’. Non-Executive Director meetings NYSE rules require that non-management Directors of US companies must meet on a regular basis without management present, and independent Directors must meet separately at least once per year. The Code recommends: (i) the Board Chair to hold meetings with the Non-Executive Directors without the Executive Directors present; and (ii) the Non-Executive Directors to meet at least annually without the Chair present to appraise the Chair’s performance. The Company’s Non-Executive Directors have met frequently without Executive Directors being present, and intend to continue this practice, after every Board meeting if possible. Shareholder approval of equity compensation plans The NYSE rules require that shareholders must be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions to those plans. The Company complies with UK requirements which are similar to the NYSE rules. The Board does not, however, explicitly take into consideration the NYSE’s detailed definition of ‘material revisions’. Code of Conduct The NYSE requires companies to adopt a code of business conduct and ethics, applicable to Directors, officers and employees. Any waivers granted to Directors or officers under such a code must be promptly disclosed. As set out on page 222, IHG’s Code of Conduct is applicable to all Directors, officers and employees, and is available on the Company’s website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate governance. No waivers have been granted under the Code of Conduct. Compliance certification Each chief executive of a US company must certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware of any violation by the Company of any NYSE corporate governance listing standard. As the Company is a foreign private issuer, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer is not required to make this certification. However, he is required to notify the NYSE promptly in writing after any of the Company’s executive officers become aware of any non-compliance with those NYSE corporate governance rules applicable to the Company. IHG has also adopted the corporate governance requirements of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules and of the NYSE, to the extent that they are applicable to it as a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer, IHG is required to disclose any significant ways in which its corporate governance practices differ from those followed by US companies. These are as follows: Basis of regulation The Code contains a series of principles and provisions. It is not, however, mandatory for companies to follow these principles. Instead, companies must disclose how they have applied them and disclose, if applicable, any areas of non-compliance along with an explanation for the non-compliance. In contrast, US companies listed on the NYSE are required to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines adopted by the NYSE. Independent Directors The Code’s principles recommend that at least half the Board, excluding the Chair, should consist of Independent Non-Executive Directors. As at 17 Febuary 2020, the Board consisted of the Chair, independent at the time of his appointment, three Executive Directors and eight Independent Non-Executive Directors. NYSE listing rules applicable to US companies state that companies must have a majority of independent Directors. The NYSE has set out six bright line tests for Director independence. The Board’s judgement is that all of its Non-Executive Directors are independent. However, it did not explicitly take into consideration the NYSE’s tests in reaching this determination. Chair and Chief Executive Officer The Code recommends that the Chair and Chief Executive Officer should not be the same individual to ensure that there is a clear division of responsibility for the running of the Company’s business. There is no corresponding requirement for US companies. The roles of Chair and Chief Executive Officer were, as at 17 February 2020 and throughout 2019, fulfilled by separate individuals. Committees The Company has a number of Board Committees which are similar in purpose and constitution to those required for domestic companies under NYSE rules. The NYSE requires US companies to have audit, remuneration and nominating/corporate governance committees composed entirely of Independent Directors, as defined under the NYSE rules. The Company's Nomination, Audit and Remuneration Committees consist entirely of Non-Executive Directors who are independent under the standards of the Code, which may not necessarily be the same as the NYSE independence standards. The nominating/governance committee is responsible for identifying individuals qualified to become Board members and to recommend to the Board a set of corporate governance principles. As the Company is subject to the Code, the Company’s Nomination Committee is responsible for nominating, for approval by the Board, candidates for appointment to the Board, although it also assists in developing the role of the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director. The Company’s Nomination Committee consists of the Chair and Independent Non-Executive Directors. 240 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Selected five-year consolidated financial information The selected consolidated financial data set forth in the table below for the years ended 31 December 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB and in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU, and is derived from the audited Group Financial Statements. IFRS as adopted by the EU differs in certain respects from IFRS as issued by the IASB. However, the differences have no impact on the Group Financial Statements for the years presented. The selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Group Financial Statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report and Form 20-F. Group income statement data For the year ended 31 December Total revenue Operating profit before System Fund and exceptional items System Fund Operating exceptional items Operating profit Financial income Financial expenses Fair value gains/(losses) on contingent purchase consideration Profit before tax Tax: On profit before exceptional items On exceptional items Exceptional tax Profit for the year from continuing operations: Attributable to: Equity holders of the parent Non-controlling interest Earnings per ordinary share (continuing and total operations): Basic Diluted Group statement of financial position data For the year ended 31 December Goodwill and other intangible assets Property, plant and equipment and right-of-use assets Investments and other financial assets Non-current trade and other receivables Retirement benefit assets Non-current derivative financial instruments Non-current tax receivable Deferred tax assets Non-current contract costs Non-current contract assets Current assets Assets classified as held for sale Total assets Current liabilities Long-term debt including lease liabilities Liabilities classified as held for sale Net (liabilities)/assets Equity share capital IHG shareholders’ equity Number of shares in issue at end of the year (millions) $m, except earnings per ordinary share 2019 4,627 2018 Restateda 2017 Restateda 4,337 4,075 832 (146) (104) 582 5 (101) (4) 482 774 (34) 4 744 4 (95) – 653 2016 3,912 706 35 (29) 712 6 (86) – 632 2015 1,803 680 – 819 1,499 5 (92) – 1,412 (159) (203) (185) (180) 22 5 (132) 350 349 1 (2) 87 (118) 535 534 1 12 – (173) 459 456 3 (8) – (188) 1,224 1,222 2 210.4¢ 209.2¢ 183.7¢ 181.8¢ 276.7¢ 275.3¢ 215.1¢ 213.1¢ 520.0¢ 513.4¢ $m, except number of shares 2018 Restateda 2017 Restateda 1,143 786 364 – – 7 31 63 55 270 1,373 – 4,092 1,407 2,525 – (1,131) 146 (1,139) 197 967 736 369 – 3 – 16 78 51 241 861 – 3,322 1,306 2,267 – 2016 858 419 359 8 – – 23 69 45 185 796 – 2,762 1,150 1,606 – (1,354) (1,146) 154 (1,361) 197 141 (1,154) 206 2015 1,226 428 420 3 – – 37 49 – – 1,606 – 3,769 1,369 1,239 – 319 169 309 248 865 (49) (186) 630 6 (121) 27 542 (176) 20 – (156) 386 385 1 2019 1,376 799 394 – – – 28 66 67 311 916 19 3,976 1,365 2,673 22 (1,465) 151 (1,473) 187 a Restated for the adoption of IFRS 16 and other presentational changes (see pages 146 to 149 of the Group Financial Statements for further details) IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Shareholder information 241 Additional Information Shareholder information continued Return of funds Since March 2003, the Group has returned over £6.6 billion of funds to shareholders by way of special dividends, capital returns and share repurchase programmes. On 19 October 2018, the Company announced a $500 million return of funds to shareholders via special dividend with share consolidation. The special dividend was paid in January 2019. Return of funds programme £501m special dividenda £250m share buyback £996m capital returna £250m share buyback £497m special dividenda £250m share buyback £709m special dividenda £150m share buyback $500m special dividenda, c $500m share buyback $350m special dividend $750m special dividenda $1,500m special dividenda $400m special dividenda $500m special dividenda Total a Accompanied by a share consolidation. Timing Total return Returned to date Paid in December 2004 Completed in 2004 Paid in July 2005 Completed in 2006 Paid in June 2006 Completed in 2007 Paid in June 2007 N/Ab Paid in October 2012 Completed in 2014 Paid in October 2013 Paid in July 2014 Paid in May 2016 Paid in May 2017 Paid in January 2019 £501m £250m £996m £250m £497m £250m £709m £150m £315md ($500m) £315md ($500m) £229mg ($350m) £447mi ($750m) £1,038mk ($1,500m) £309ml ($400m) £389mm ($500m) £6,645m £501m £250m £996m £250m £497m £250m £709m £120m £315me ($505m) £315m ($500m)f £228m ($355m)h £446m ($763m)j £1,038m ($1,500m) £310m ($404m) £388m ($510m) £6,613m b This programme was superseded by the share buyback programme announced on 7 August 2012. c IHG changed the reporting currency of its Consolidated Financial Statements from sterling to US dollars effective from the Half-Year Results as at 30 June 2008. d The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling immediately before announcement at the rate of $1=£0.63, as set out in the circular detailing the special dividend and share buyback programme published on 14 September 2012. e Sterling dividend translated at $1=£0.624. f Translated into US dollars at the average rates of exchange for the relevant years (2014 $1=£0.61; 2013 $1=£0.64; 2012 $1 = £0.63). g The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling immediately before announcement at the rate of $1=£0.65, as announced in the Half-Year Results to 30 June 2013. h Sterling dividend translated at $1=£0.644. I The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling immediately before announcement at the rate translated at $1=£0.597. j Sterling dividend translated at $1=£0.5845. k The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling at the rate of $1 = £0.6923, as announced on 12 May 2016. l The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling at the rate of $1 = £0.7724, as announced on 11 May 2017. m The dividend was first determined in US dollars and converted to sterling at the rate of £1 = $1.2860, as announced on 17 January 2019. 242 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Purchases of equity securities by the Company and affiliated purchasers During the financial year ended 31 December 2019, no ordinary shares were purchased by the Company. 35,000 ordinary shares were purchased by the Company’s employee share ownership trust at an average price of £50.76 per share, for the purpose of satisfying future awards to employees. Total number of shares (or units) purchased Average price paid per share (or unit) (£) Total number of shares (or units) purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programmes Maximum number of shares (or units) that may be purchased under the plans or programmes nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil 35,000 50.76 nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil 18,999,018a 18,999,018a 18,999,018a 18,999,018a 18,123,205b 18,123,205b 18,123,205b 18,123,205b 18,123,205b 18,123,205b 18,123,205b 18,123,205b Month 1 (no purchases this month) Month 2 (no purchases this month) Month 3 (no purchases this month) Month 4 (no purchases this month) Month 5 (no purchases this month) Month 6 (no purchases this month) Month 7 (no purchases this month) Month 8 (no purchases this month) Month 9 (no purchases this month) Month 10 (no purchases this month) Month 11 (no purchases this month) Month 12 a Reflects the resolution passed at the Company’s AGM held on 4 May 2018. b Reflects the resolution passed at the Company’s AGM held on 3 May 2019. Dividend history The table below sets forth the amounts of ordinary dividends on each ordinary share and special dividends, in respect of each financial year indicated. 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008c 2007 2006 Interim dividend Final dividend Total dividend Special dividend pence 32.0 27.7 24.4 22.6 17.7 14.8 15.1 13.5 9.8 8.0 7.3 6.4 5.7 5.1 cents 39.9 36.3 33.0 30.0 27.5 25.0 23.0 21.0 16.0 12.8 12.2 12.2 11.5 9.6 pence N/Aa 60.4 50.2 49.4 40.3 33.8 28.1 27.7 24.7 22.0 18.7 20.2 14.9 13.3 cents 85.9 78.1 71.0 64.0 57.5 52.0 47.0 43.0 39.0 35.2 29.2 29.2 29.2 25.9 pence N/Aa 88.1 74.6 72.0 58.0 48.6 43.2 41.2 34.5 30.0 26.0 26.6 20.6 18.4 cents 125.8 114.4 104.0 94.0 85.0 77.0 70.0 64.0 55.0 48.0 41.4 41.4 40.7 35.5 pence – cents – 203.8bd 262.1bd 156.4b 438.2b – 174.9b 87.1 108.4b – – – – 200b 118b 202.5b 632.9b – 293.0b 133.0 172.0b – – – – – – a The sterling amount of the final dividend will be announced on 24 April 2020 using the average of the daily exchange rates from 21 April 2020 to 23 April 2020 inclusive. b Accompanied by a share consolidation. c IHG changed the reporting currency of its Consolidated Financial Statements from sterling to US dollars effective from the Half-Year Results as at 30 June 2008. Starting with the interim dividend for 2008, all dividends have first been determined in US dollars and converted into sterling prior to payment. d This special dividend was announced on 19 October 2018 and paid on 29 January 2019 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Shareholder information 243 Additional Information Shareholder information continued Shareholder profiles Shareholder profile by type as at 31 December 2019 Category of shareholder Private individuals Nominee companies Limited and public limited companies Other corporate bodies Pension funds, insurance companies and banks Total Shareholder profile by size as at 31 December 2019 Range of shareholdings 1–199 200–499 500–999 1,000–4,999 5,000–9,999 10,000–49,999 50, 000–99,999 100,000–499,999 500,000–999,999 1,000,000 and above Total Number of shareholders Percentage of total shareholders Number of ordinary shares Percentage of issued share capital 31,569 1,236 742 91 10 33,648 93.82 3.67 2.21 0.27 0.03 100 8,392,633 154,234,251 13,902,927 11,135,732 52,177 187,717,720 4.47 82.16 7.41 5.93 0.03 100 Number of shareholders Percentage of total shareholders Number of ordinary shares Percentage of issued share capital 22,839 5,992 2,447 1,654 190 296 63 119 18 30 33,648 67.88 17.81 7.27 4.92 0.56 0.88 0.19 0.35 0.05 0.09 100 1,383,881 1,879,223 1,701,155 3,230,695 1,350,400 6,790,906 4,620,167 27,107,353 12,295,613 127,358,327 187,717,720 Shareholder profile by geographical location as at 31 December 2019 Country/Jurisdiction UK Rest of Europe US (including ADRs) Rest of world Total The geographical profile presented is based on an analysis of shareholders (by manager) of 38,000 shares or above where geographical ownership is known. This analysis only captures 90.9% of total issued share capital. Therefore, the known percentage distributions have been multiplied by 100⁄90.9 (1.100) to achieve the figures shown in the table above. As of 17 February 2020, 13,203,660 ADSs equivalent to 13,203,660 ordinary shares, or approximately 7.25% of the total issued share capital, were outstanding and were held by 419 holders. Since certain ordinary shares are registered in the names of nominees, the number of shareholders on record may not be representative of the number of beneficial owners. As of 17 February 2020, there were a total of 33,523 recorded holders of ordinary shares, of whom 258 had registered addresses in the US and held a total of 387,285 ordinary shares (0.21% of the total issued share capital). 244 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 0.74 1.00 0.91 1.72 0.72 3.62 2.46 14.44 6.55 67.84 100 Percentage of issued share capital 47.3 19.8 31.1 1.8 100 Exhibits The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 20-F with the SEC, and are publicly available through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, search InterContinental Hotels Group, under Company Filings. Exhibit 1a Exhibit 2(d) Exhibit 4(a)(i)a Exhibit 4(a)(ii)a Exhibit 4(a)(iii)a Exhibit 4(c)(i)a Exhibit 4(c)(ii) Exhibit 4(c)(iii)a Exhibit 4(c)(iv)a Exhibit 4(c)(v)a Exhibit 8 Exhibit 12(a) Exhibit 12(b) Exhibit 13(a) Exhibit 15(a)(i) Exhibit 15(a)(ii) Exhibit 101 a Incorporated by reference. Articles of Association of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated 28 February 2019) Description of Securities Registered Under Section 12 of the Exchange Act Amended and restated trust deed dated 11 August 2016 relating to a £2 billion Euro Medium Term Note Programme, among InterContinental Hotels Group PLC, Six Continents Limited, InterContinental Hotels Limited and HSBC Corporate Trustee Company (UK) Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a)(i) of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1 – 10409) dated 2 March 2017) Five-year $1.275 billion bank facility agreement dated 30 March 2015, among InterContinental Hotels Group PLC and certain of its subsidiaries, and Bank of America Merrill Lynch International Limited, Barclays Bank PLC, Citibank, N.A. London Branch, Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft, London Branch, DBS Bank Ltd., London Branch, HSBC Bank plc, SunTrust Bank, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., The Royal Bank Of Scotland plc, U.S. Bank National Association and Wells Fargo Bank N.A., London Branch (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a)(iii) of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1 – 10409) dated 3 March 2016) Share purchase agreement between Sustainable Luxury (BVI) Limited Partnership (acting by its General Partner, Sustainable Luxury (BVI) Limited), Sustainable Luxury Holdings (BVI) Limited and Inter-Continental Hotels Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a)(iii) of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated 28 February 2019) Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson’s service contract dated 6 December 2013, commencing on 1 January 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(i) of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated 26 February 2014) Rules of the InterContinental Hotels Group Long Term Incentive Plan as approved by shareholders on 2 May 2014 and as amended on 14 February 2019 and 4 December 2019 Rules of the InterContinental Hotels Group Annual Performance Plan as amended on 2 May 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(x) of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated 26 February 2015) Keith Barr’s service contract dated 5 May 2017, commencing on 1 July 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(v) of the InterContinental Hotels Group Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No.1-10409) dated 1 March 2018) Elie Maalouf’s service contract dated 19 October 2017, commencing on 1 January 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(vi) of the InterContinental Hotels Group Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No.1-10409) dated 1 March 2018) List of subsidiaries as at 31 December 2019 (can be found on pages 199 to 201) Certification of Keith Barr filed pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a–14(a) Certification of Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson filed pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a–14(a) Certification of Keith Barr and Paul Edgecliffe-Johnson furnished pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a–14(b) and 18 U.S.C.1350 Consent of independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP Letter from Ernst & Young LLP to the SEC XBRL Instance Document and related items IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Exhibits 245 Additional Information Form 20-F cross-reference guide Item Form 20-F caption 1 2 3 Identity of Directors, senior management and advisers Offer statistics and expected timetable Key information 3A – Selected financial data 3B – Capitalisation and indebtedness 3C – Reason for the offer and use of proceeds 3D – Risk factors Information on the Company 4A – History and development of the Company 4 4B – Business overview 4C – Organisational structure 4D – Property, plants and equipment 4A 5 Unresolved staff comments Operating and financial review and prospects 5A – Operating results 5B – Liquidity and capital resources 5C – Research and development; intellectual property 5D – Trend information 5E – Off-balance sheet arrangements 5F – Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations 5G – Safe harbour 5H – Non-GAAP financial measures 6 Directors, senior management and employees 6A – Directors and senior management 6B – Compensation 6C – Board practices 6D – Employees 6E – Share ownership Location in this document Not applicable Not applicable Shareholder information: Selected five-year consolidated financial information Shareholder information: Dividend history Not applicable Not applicable Group information: Risk factors Group information: History and developments Shareholder information: Return of funds Useful information: Contacts Strategic Report Group information: Working Time Regulations 1998 Group Information: Risk factors Group Financial Statements: Note 34 – Group companies Group Information: History and developments Strategic Report: Key performance indicators Directors’ Report: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions Group Financial Statements: Note 14 – Property, plant and equipment None Strategic Report: Key performance indicators Strategic Report: Performance Group Financial Statements: Accounting policies Group Financial Statements: New accounting standards and presentational changes Viability statement Strategic Report: Performance – Liquidity and capital resources Group Financial Statements: Note 19 – Cash and cash equivalents Group Financial Statements: Note 22 – Loans and other borrowings Group Financial Statements: Note 24 – Financial risk management and derivative financial instruments Group Financial Statements: Note 25 – Classification and measurement of financial instruments Group Financial Statements: Note 26 – Reconciliation of profit for the year to cash flow from operations before contract acquisition costs Not applicable Strategic Report: Performance Strategic Report: Performance – Liquidity and capital resources – Off-balance sheet arrangements Strategic Report: Performance – Liquidity and capital resources Additional Information: Forward-looking statements Strategic Report: Performance Other financial information Group Financial Statements: Note 6 – Exceptional items Group Financial Statements: Note 10 – Earnings per ordinary share Group Financial Statements: Note 23 – Net debt Corporate Governance: Our Board of Directors and Our Executive Committee Directors’ Remuneration Report Group Financial Statements: Note 27 – Retirement benefits Group Financial Statements: Note 32 – Related party disclosures Group Financial Statements: Note 28 – Share-based payments Corporate Governance Service contracts and notice periods Group Financial Statements: Note 4 – Staff costs and Directors’ emoluments Group information: Working Time Regulations 1998 Directors’ Report: Employees and Code of Conduct Directors’ Remuneration Report: Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration – Scheme interests awarded during 2018 and 2019 Page – – 241 243 – – 226-230 225 242 251 2-75 234 226-230 199-201 225 42-45 223 171 – 42-45 55-75 139-145 146-149 54 74-75 178 180 182-185 186-188 189 – 55-75 75 74-75 252 55-75 214-220 158-159 164-165 181-182 80-83 96-109 190-192 197-198 193-194 79-95 231 157 234 222 104 Directors’ Remuneration Report: Annual Report on Directors’ Remuneration – Statement of Directors’ shareholdings and share interests Group Financial Statements: Note 28 – Share-based payments Group information: Directors and Executive Committee members’ shareholdings 105, 108 193-194 231 246 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Item Form 20-F caption 7 Major shareholders and related party transactions 7A – Major shareholders 7B – Related party transactions 7C – Interests of experts and counsel Financial Information 8A – Consolidated statements and other financial information 8B – Significant changes The offer and listing 9A – Offer and listing details 9B – Plan of distribution 9C – Markets 9D – Selling shareholders 9E – Dilution 9F – Expenses of the issue Additional information 10A – Share capital 10B – Memorandum and articles of association 10C – Material contracts 10D – Exchange controls 10E – Taxation 10F – Dividends and paying agents 10G – Statement by experts 10H – Documents on display 10I – Subsidiary information Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk Description of securities other than equity securities 12A – Debt securities 12B – Warrants and rights 12C – Other securities 12D – American depositary shares Defaults, dividend arrearages and delinquencies Material modifications to the rights of security holders and use of proceeds Controls and Procedures 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16A – Audit committee financial expert 16B – Code of ethics 16C – Principal accountant fees and services 16D – Exemptions from the listing standards for audit committees 16E – Purchase of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers 16F – Change in registrant’s certifying accountant 16G – Corporate Governance 16H – Mine safety disclosure Financial statements Financial statements Exhibits 17 18 19 Location in this document Directors’ Report: Major institutional shareholders Shareholder information: Shareholder profiles Group Financial Statements: Note 16 – Investment in associates and joint ventures Group Financial Statements: Note 32 – Related party disclosures Not applicable Directors’ Report: Dividends Group Financial Statements Group Information: Legal proceedings Strategic Report: Performance – Other financial information None Useful information: Trading markets Not applicable Useful information: Trading markets Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Group information: Articles of Association Group information: Rights attaching to shares Group information: Material contracts Group information: Exchange controls and restrictions on payment of dividends Shareholder information: Taxation Not applicable Not applicable Useful information: Investor information – Documents on display Not applicable Group Financial Statements: Note 24 – Financial risk management and derivative financial instruments Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Group information: Description of securities other than equity securities Not applicable Not applicable Shareholder information: Disclosure controls and procedures Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities: Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting Independent Auditor’s US Report Corporate Governance: Audit Committee Report Shareholder information: Summary of significant corporate governance differences from NYSE listing standards – Committees Directors’ Report: Employees and Code of Conduct Strategic Report: Our culture, responsible business and stakeholders Shareholder information: Summary of significant corporate governance differences from NYSE listing standards Corporate Governance: Audit Committee Report – External auditor Corporate Governance: Audit Committee Report – Non-audit services Group Financial Statements: Note 5 – Auditor’s remuneration paid to Ernst & Young LLP Not applicable Shareholder information: Purchases of equity securities by the Company and affiliated purchasers Additional information: Change in certifying accountant Shareholder information: Summary of significant corporate governance differences from NYSE listing standards Not applicable Not applicable Group Financial Statements Additional Information: Exhibits Page 221 244 174-175 197-198 – 221 132-201 236 72-73 – 250 – 250 – – – – 233-234 233-234 235 236 237-239 – – 250 – 182-185 – – – 232 – – 239 120 128-131 88-91 240 222 24-27 240 91 90 157 – 243 232 240 – – 132-201 245 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Form 20-F cross-reference guide 247 Additional Information Glossary ADR an American Depositary Receipt, being a receipt evidencing title to an ADS. ADR Depositary J.P. Morgan Chase Bank N.A. ADS an American Depositary Share as evidenced by an ADR, being a registered negotiable security, listed on the New York Stock Exchange, representing one ordinary share of 20 340⁄299 pence each of the Company. AGM Annual General Meeting of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. Annual Report the Annual Report and Form 20-F in relation to the years ending 31 December 2018 or 2019 as relevant. APP Annual Performance Plan. Articles the Articles of Association of the Company for the time being in force. average daily rate rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights sold. basic earnings per ordinary share profit available for IHG equity holders divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year. Board the Board of Directors of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. capital expenditure purchases of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, associate and joint venture investments, and other financial assets. Captive the Group’s captive insurance company, SCH Insurance Company. cash-generating units (CGUs) the smallest identifiable groups of assets that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. Code UK Corporate Governance Code issued in 2018 by the Financial Reporting Council in the UK. Colleague individuals who work at IHG corporate offices, reservation centres, managed, owned, leased, managed lease and franchised hotels collectively. Companies Act the Companies Act 2006, as amended from time to time. Company or Parent Company InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. comparable RevPAR a comparison for a grouping of hotels that have traded in all months in financial years being compared. Principally excludes new hotels, hotels closed for major refurbishment and hotels sold in either of the two years. Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) the annual growth rate over a period of years, calculated on the basis that each year’s growth is compounded, that is, the amount of growth in each year is included in the following year’s number, which in turn grows further. constant currency a prior-year value translated using the current year’s average exchange rates. contingencies liabilities that are contingent upon the occurrence of one or more uncertain future events. continuing operations operations not classified as discontinued. currency swap an exchange of a deposit and a borrowing, each denominated in a different currency, for an agreed period of time. Deferred Compensation Plan the Defined Contribution Deferred Compensation Plan. derivatives financial instruments used to reduce risk, the price of which is derived from an underlying asset, index or rate. direct channels methods of booking hotel rooms (both digital and voice) not involving third-party intermediaries. Director a Director of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. DR Policy Directors’ Remuneration Policy. EBITDA earnings excluding exceptional items and the impact of the System Fund, before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation. EMEAA Europe, Middle East, Asia and Africa. Employee individuals directly employed at IHG corporate offices, reservation centres and managed, owned, leased, managed lease hotels. Employee Engagement survey our bi-annual survey, known as Colleague HeartBeat, completed by IHG employees only. ERG employee resource group. EU the European Union. euro or € the currency of the European Economic and Monetary Union. exceptional items items that are disclosed separately because of their size or nature. extended-stay hotels designed for guests staying for periods of time longer than a few nights and tending to have a higher proportion of suites than normal hotels (Staybridge Suites and Candlewood Suites). fee business IHG’s franchise and managed businesses combined. fee margin or fee-based margin fee margin is calculated by dividing ‘fee operating profit’ by ‘fee revenue’. Fee revenue and fee operating profits are calculated from revenue from reportable segments and operating profit from reportable segments, adjusted to exclude the revenue and operating profit from the Groups owned, leased and managed lease hotels and significant liquidated damages. In addition, revenue and expenses related to certain other Group programs which are run to no profit or loss over the long-term are excluded. Fee margin is presented at actual exchange rates. franchisee an owner who uses a brand under licence from IHG. goodwill the difference between the consideration given for a business and the total of the fair values of the separable assets and liabilities comprising that business. Group or IHG the Company and its subsidiaries. Guest Love IHG’s guest satisfaction measurement tool used to measure brand preference and guest satisfaction. Guest Reservation System or GRS our global electronic guest reservation system. hedging the reduction of risk, normally in relation to foreign currency or interest rate movements, by making offsetting commitments. hotel revenue revenue from all revenue-generating activity undertaken by managed and owned, leased and managed lease hotels, including room nights, food and beverage sales. IASB International Accounting Standards Board. 248 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 System Fund or Fund assessment fees and contributions collected from hotels within the IHG System which fund activities that drive revenue to our hotels including marketing, the IHG Rewards Club loyalty programme and our distribution channels. technology fee income income received from hotels under franchise and management agreements for the use of IHG’s Guest Reservation System. total gross revenue total rooms revenue from franchised hotels and total hotel revenue from managed, owned, leased and managed lease hotels. Other than owned, leased and managed lease hotels, it is not revenue wholly attributable to IHG, as it is mainly derived from hotels owned by third parties. Total Shareholder Return or TSR the theoretical growth in value of a shareholding over a period, by reference to the beginning and ending share price, and assuming that dividends, including special dividends, are reinvested to purchase additional units of the equity. UK the United Kingdom. UK GAAP United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice. US the United States of America. US 401(k) Plan the Defined Contribution 401(k) plan. US dollars, US$, $ or ¢ the currency of the United States of America. workforce IHG employees. working capital the sum of inventories, receivables and payables of a trading nature, excluding financing and taxation items. IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU and issued by the IASB. IHG PLC InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. indirect channels online travel intermediaries and business and leisure travel agents. interest rate swap an agreement to exchange fixed for floating interest rate streams (or vice versa) on a notional principal. liquidated damages payments received in respect of the early termination of franchise and management contracts. loyalty rooms contribution the average percentage of total occupied rooms attributable to IHG Rewards Club members who either pay for guest rooms and are awarded IHG Reward Club points for their stay, or redeemed IHG Rewards Club points to pay for their stay. LTIP Long Term Incentive Plan. managed leases properties which are held through a lease but with the same characteristics as management contracts. management contract or management agreement a contract to operate a hotel on behalf of the hotel owner. market capitalisation the value attributed to a listed company by multiplying its share price by the number of shares in issue. net debt loans and other borrowings, lease liabilities, the exchange element of the fair value of derivatives hedging debt values, less cash and cash equivalents. net rooms supply net total number of IHG system hotel rooms. NYSE New York Stock Exchange. occupancy rate rooms occupied by hotel guests, expressed as a percentage of rooms that are available. ordinary share from 9 October 2012 until 30 June 2014, the ordinary shares of 14194⁄329 pence each in the Company; from 1 July 2014, the ordinary shares of 15265⁄329 pence each in the Company; from 9 May 2016 the ordinary shares of 18318⁄329 pence each in the Company; from 8 May 2017 the ordinary shares of 1917⁄21 pence each in the Company; and from 14 January 2019 the ordinary shares of 20340⁄399 pence each in the Company. owner the ultimate owner of a hotel property. pipeline hotels/rooms that will enter the IHG System at a future date. A new hotel only enters the pipeline once a contract has been signed and the appropriate fees paid. In rare circumstances, a hotel will not open for reasons such as the financing being withdrawn. ppt a percentage point is the unit for the arithmetic difference of two percentages. reimbursable revenues reimbursements from managed and franchised hotels for costs incurred by IHG, for example the cost of IHG employees working in managed hotels. The related revenues and costs are presented gross in the Group income statement and there is no impact to profit. revenue management the employment of pricing and segment strategies to optimise the revenue generated from the sale of room nights. revenue per available room or RevPAR rooms revenue divided by the number of room nights that are available (can be mathematically derived from occupancy rate multiplied by average daily rate). room count number of rooms franchised, managed, owned, leased or managed lease by IHG. rooms revenue revenue generated from the sale of room nights. royalties fees, based on rooms revenue, that a franchisee pays to the Group. SEC US Securities and Exchange Commission. sterling or pounds sterling, £, pence or p the pound sterling, the currency of the United Kingdom. subsidiary a company over which the Group exercises control. System hotels/rooms operating under franchise and management agreements together with IHG owned, leased and managed lease hotels/ rooms, globally (the IHG System) or on a regional basis, as the context requires. System contribution to revenue percentage of rooms revenue delivered through IHG’s direct and indirect systems and channels. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Glossary 249 Additional Information Useful information Investor information Website and electronic communication As part of IHG’s commitment to reduce the cost and environmental impact of producing and distributing printed documents in large quantities, this Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 has been made available to shareholders through our website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Annual Report. Shareholders may electronically appoint a proxy to vote on their behalf at the 2020 AGM. Shareholders who hold their shares through CREST may appoint proxies through the CREST electronic proxy appointment service, by using the procedures described in the CREST Manual. Share dealing services Equiniti offers the following share-dealing facilities. Postal dealing 0371 384 2132 from the UK +44 121 415 7034 from overseasa Telephone dealing For more information, call 0345 603 7037b +44 121 415 7560 from overseas Internet dealing Visit www.shareview.co.uk for more information. Shareholder hotel discount IHG offers discounted hotel stays (subject to availability) for registered shareholders only, through a controlled-access website. This is not available to shareholders who hold shares through nominee companies, ISAs or ADRs. For further details please contact the Company Secretary’s office (see the opposite page). Responsible Business Report In line with our commitment to responsible business practices, this year we have produced a Responsible Business Report showcasing our approach to responsible business and progress against our Responsible Business Targets. Changes to the base cost of IHG shares Details of all the changes to the base cost of IHG shares held from April 2004 to January 2019, for UK Capital Gains Tax purposes, may be found on our website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Shareholder centre in the Tax information section. ‘Gone away’ shareholders Working with ProSearch (an asset reunification company), we continue to look for shareholders who have not kept their contact details up to date. We have funds waiting to be claimed and are committed to doing what we can to pay these to their rightful owners. Please contact ProSearch on +44 (0) 800 612 8671 or email info@prosearchassets.com for further details. Visit www.ihgplc.com/responsible-business for details. Registrar For information on a range of shareholder services, including enquiries concerning individual shareholdings, notification of a shareholder’s change of address and amalgamation of shareholder accounts (in order to avoid duplicate mailing of shareholder communications), shareholders should contact the Company’s Registrar, Equiniti, on 0371 384 2132a (calls from within the UK) or +44 (0) 121 415 7034 (calls from outside the UK). Dividend services Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) The Company offers a DRIP for shareholders to purchase additional IHG shares with their cash dividends. For further information about the DRIP, please contact our Registrar helpline on 0371 384 2132. See www.shareview.co.uk/info/drip for a DRIP application form and information booklet. Bank mandate We encourage shareholders to have their dividends paid directly into their UK bank or building society accounts, to ensure efficient payment and clearance of funds on the payment date. For further information, please contact our Registrar (see page opposite). Overseas payment service It is also possible for shareholders to have their dividends paid directly to their bank accounts in a local currency. Charges are payable for this service. Go to www.shareview.co.uk/info/ops for further information. Out-of-date/unclaimed dividends If you think that you have out-of-date dividend cheques or unclaimed dividend payments, please contact our Registrar (see the opposite page). Individual Savings Account (ISA) Equiniti offers a Stocks and Shares ISA that can invest in IHG shares. For further information, please contact Equiniti on 0345 300 0430a. 250 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Shareholder security Many companies have become aware that their shareholders have received unsolicited telephone calls or correspondence concerning investment matters. These are typically from ‘brokers’ who target UK shareholders, offering to sell them what often turn out to be worthless or high-risk shares in US or UK investments. These operations are commonly known as ‘boiler rooms’. More detailed information on this or similar activity can be found at www.fca.org.uk/consumers on the Financial Conduct Authority website. Details of any share dealing facilities that the Company endorses will be included in Company mailings. Trading markets The principal trading market for the Company’s ordinary shares is the London Stock Exchange (LSE). The ordinary shares are also listed on the NYSE, trading in the form of ADSs evidenced by ADRs. Each ADS represents one ordinary share. The Company has a sponsored ADR facility with J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as ADR Depositary. American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) The Company’s shares are listed on the NYSE in the form of American Depositary Shares, evidenced by ADRs and traded under the symbol ‘IHG’. Each ADR represents one ordinary share. All enquiries regarding ADR holder accounts and payment of dividends should be directed to J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., our ADR Depositary bank (contact details shown on the opposite page). Documents on display Documents referred to in this Annual Report and Form 20-F that are filed with the SEC can be found at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, NE Washington, DC 20549. For further information and copy charges please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC- 0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically and the Company’s SEC filings since 22 May 2002 are also publicly available through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Copies of the Company’s Articles can be obtained via the website at www.ihgplc.com/investors under Corporate Governance or from the Company’s registered office on request. a Lines are open from 08:30 to 17:30 Monday to Friday, excluding UK public holidays. b Lines are open from 08:00 to 16:30 Monday to Friday, excluding UK public holidays. Financial calendars Dividends 2019 Interim dividend of 32.0p per share (39.9¢ per ADR) Payment date 3 October 2019 Other dates Financial year end 2019 31 December 2020 2019 Final dividend of 85.9¢ per ordinary share Ex-dividend date Record date Payment date 2020 2 April 3 April 14 May Announcement of Preliminary Results for 2019 18 February Announcement of 2020 First Quarter Interim Management Statement Annual General Meeting 7 May 7 May Announcement of Half-Year Results for 2020 11 August Announcement of 2020 Third Quarter Interim Management Statement Financial year end 23 October 31 December 2021 Announcement of Preliminary Results for 2020 February a The sterling amount of the final dividend will be announced on 24 April 2020 using the average of the daily exchange rates from 21 April 2020 to 23 April 2020 inclusive. Contacts Registered office Broadwater Park, Denham, Buckinghamshire, UB9 5HR, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0) 1895 512 000 www.ihgplc.com Auditor Ernst & Young LLP Investment bankers BofA Securities Goldman Sachs For general information about the Group’s business, please contact the Corporate Affairs department at the above address. For all other enquiries, please contact the Company Secretary’s office at the above address. Solicitors Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP Stockbrokers BofA Securities Registrar Equiniti, Aspect House, Spencer Road, Lancing, West Sussex, BN99 6DA, United Kingdom Telephone: 0371 384 2132 (UK calls) +44 (0) 121 415 7034 (non-UK calls) IHG® Rewards Club If you wish to enquire about, or join, IHG Rewards Club, visit www.ihg.com/rewardsclub or telephone: +44 (0) 2033 499 033ª (UK and other countries inside Europe and Africa) For those with hearing difficulties a text phone is available on 0371 384 2255 for UK callers with compatible equipment. +1 888 211 9874b (US and Canada) +1 800 272 9273b (Mexico) www.shareview.co.uk +1 801 975 3013c (Spanish) (Central and South America) ADR Depositary J.P. Morgan Chase Bank N.A., PO Box 64504, St. Paul, MN 55164-0504, United States of America +971 4 429 0530c (Middle East) +61 29 935 8362c (Australia) Telephone: +1 800 990 1135 (US calls) (toll-free) +1 651 453 2128 (non-US calls) Enquires: www.shareowneronline.com under contact us www.adr.com +86 21 2033 4848c (Mandarin and Cantonese) (China) +81 35 767 9325c (Japan) +63 28 857 8778c (Korea) +63 28 857 8788c (all other countries in Asia Pacific) a Toll charges apply. b Toll-free. c International calling rates apply. IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 | Additional Information | Useful information 251 Additional Information Forward-looking statements The Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 contains certain forward- looking statements as defined under US legislation (Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) with respect to the financial condition, results of operations and business of the Group and certain plans and objectives of the Board of Directors of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC with respect thereto. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements made in the Chair’s statement and in the Chief Executive Officer’s review. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate only to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as ‘anticipate’, ‘target’, ‘expect’, ‘estimate’, ‘intend’, ‘plan’, ‘goal’, ‘believe’, or other words of similar meaning. These statements are based on assumptions and assessments made by the Group’s management in light of their experience and their perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate. By their nature, forward-looking statements are inherently predictive, speculative and involve risk and uncertainty. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, such forward- looking statements, including, but not limited to: the risks of political and economic developments; the risk of events or stakeholder expectations that adversely impact domestic or international travel, including climate change; the risks of the hotel industry supply-and- demand cycle; the Group being subject to a competitive and changing industry; the risks related to executing and realising benefits from strategic transactions, including acquisitions and restructuring; the Group’s dependence upon a wide range of external stakeholders and business partners; the Group’s exposure to increasing competition from online travel agents and intermediaries; the risks related to identifying, securing and retaining franchise and management agreements; the risks in relation to changing technology and systems; the Group’s reliance on the reputation of its existing brands and exposure to inherent reputation risks; the Group’s exposure to risks associated with its intellectual property; the Group’s reliance upon its reservation system and other key technology platforms, and the risks that could disrupt the operation and/or integrity of these systems; the risks associated with safety, security and crisis management; the Group’s requirement of the right people, skills and capability to manage growth and change; the risks associated with collective bargaining activity which could disrupt operations, increase labour costs or interfere with the ability of management to focus on executing business strategies; the risk of litigation; the risks related to cybersecurity and data privacy; the requirement to comply with existing and changing regulations and societal expectations across numerous countries, territories and jurisdictions; the risks associated with insuring the Group’s business; the risks of uncertainties associated with brand development and expansion; the Group’s exposure to an impairment of the carrying value of its brands, goodwill or other tangible and intangible assets negatively affecting its consolidated operating results; the Group’s exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates, currency devaluations or restructuring and to interest rate risk in relation to its borrowings; the Group’s operations being dependent on maintaining sufficient liquidity to meet all foreseeable medium-term requirements and provide headroom against unforeseen obligations; the risks associated with credit risk on treasury transactions; the risk associated with foreign or U.S. environmental laws and regulations that may cause us to incur substantial costs or subject us to potential liabilities; the risks associated with the Group’s financial stability and its ability to borrow and satisfy debt covenants and the risks that the Group’s financial performance may be affected by changes in tax laws. The main factors that could affect the business and financial results are described in the Strategic Report of the Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019. 252 IHG | Annual Report and Form 20-F 2019 Designed and produced by Superunion, London. www.superunion.com Managed by Donnelley Financial Solutions InterContinental Hotels Group PLC’s commitment to environmental issues is reflected in this Annual Report. This report has been printed on Symbol Matt Plus. Environmental friendly ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free Guaranteed) paper, certified by the FSC®(Forest Stewardship Council Containing a high content of selected recycled materials (minimum 25% guaranteed). The FSC® (Forest Stewardship Council) is a worldwide label which identifies products obtained from sustainable and responsible forest management. Printed by CPI Colour in the UK, using the latest environmental printing technology and vegetable-based inks. CPI Colour is a CarbonNeutral® company. Registered with the Environmental Management System ISO14001 and are Forest Stewardship Council (FSC®) chain-of-custody certified. The unavoidable carbon emissions generated during the manufacturing and delivery of this document have been reduced to net zero through a verified carbon offsetting project. InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Broadwater Park, Denham Buckinghamshire UB9 5HR United Kingdom Tel +44 (0) 1895 512 000 Web www.ihgplc.com Make a booking at www.ihg.com IHG is proud of its brand-loyal guests and pleased to give credit to the number of guests who have shared photos with us, which are proudly featured (with permission) on the cover and throughout this Annual Report and Form 20-F. I n t e r C o n t i n e n t a l H o t e l s G r o u p P L C A n n u a l R e p o r t a n d F o r m 2 0 - F 2 0 1 9 w w w . i h g p l c . c o m

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