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Invacare

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FY2008 Annual Report · Invacare
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Yesterday, 
today, 
tomorrow…

Annual Report 2008

Contents

2
3
4
6
8

2008 Performance Highlights 
Chairman’s Message 
Yesterday… 
Key Strategies of 2008 
CEO Review 
Organisational and Management  
13
Structure 
Today… 
14
Community, People, Environment  16
18
Tomorrow… 

A “Personal Details” guide 
has been included in the 
back of this document 
to assist our stakeholders.

Group Financial and  
Operational Review 
Directors’ Report 
Board of Directors 
Corporate Governance Statement 
Remuneration Report 
Auditor’s Independence  
Declaration 
Financial Report 
Independent Audit Report 
Shareholder Information 
InvoCare Locations 
Glossary 
Directory 

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InvoCare LImIted ABN 42 096 437 393

 
 
 
 
Contents

2
3
4
6
8

2008 Performance Highlights 
Chairman’s Message 
Yesterday… 
Key Strategies of 2008 
CEO Review 
Organisational and Management  
13
Structure 
Today… 
14
Community, People, Environment  16
18
Tomorrow… 

A “Personal Details” guide 
has been included in the 
back of this document 
to assist our stakeholders.

Group Financial and  
Operational Review 
Directors’ Report 
Board of Directors 
Corporate Governance Statement 
Remuneration Report 
Auditor’s Independence  
Declaration 
Financial Report 
Independent Audit Report 
Shareholder Information 
InvoCare Locations 
Glossary 
Directory 

20
28
30
33
38

47
48
100
102
104
106
IBC

InvoCare LImIted ABN 42 096 437 393

InvoCare’s dedicated and professional 
staff service families in Australia and 
Singapore through a growing network 
of locations.

NatioNal braNds

AustrAliA

singApore

White Lady Funerals is a dedicated team 
of women offering a unique service for 
our client families. The life of the loved 
one is honoured with special nurturing, 
sensitivity, warmth and care, with a woman’s 
understanding.

There are 37 White Lady locations 
throughout Australia.

Flexible and less traditional, Simplicity 
Funerals offers practical, dignified, 
respectful and affordable funeral services.

Steadily expanding, there are 42 Simplicity 
Funeral locations throughout Australia.

Singapore Casket Company has been 
offering caring and professional services 
to client families, of all denominations, 
since 1920. Its current facilities include nine 
refurbished air-conditioned parlours offering 
a bright, clean and tranquil environment for 
the comfort of families. 

siNGaPore
1 Funeral location

WesterN australia
18 Funeral locations

south australia
13 Funeral locations

QueeNslaNd
24 Funeral locations 
3 Cemeteries and Crematoria

NsW aNd aCt
74 Funeral locations 
9 Cemeteries and Crematoria

ViCtoria
33 Funeral locations

Traditional and Heritage Funerals

Cemeteries and  
Crematoria

InvoCare’s traditional-style brands of funeral 
homes maintain the service approach 
respected by families over many generations. 
The service is personal and professional, 
gently guiding families through the 
arrangement process.

With one major brand in each state and a 
number of smaller heritage brands serving 
local communities, there are 89 InvoCare 
traditional-style and heritage brands of 
funeral homes in Australia. 

Christian Funerals in Perth and Southern 
Cross Funerals in Melbourne were acquired 
in 2008, further expanding our ability to 
service families in need.

InvoCare operates 12 cemeteries and 
crematoria in New South Wales and 
Queensland. Many have a fine heritage and 
have been places of memories and tranquillity 
for generations of families.

The multicultural nature of Australia is 
recognised with burial, cremation and 
memorial options, including Asian sections 
designed by Feng Shui advisers, and the 
availability of architecturally designed crypts, 
vaults and family mausoleums preferred by 
many European communities.

    Yesterday,   we were there, assisting families and 

providing quality funeral services 
throughout Australia.

             Today,  we are Australia’s largest provider  

of funeral services; operating  
multi-branded funeral homes, 
cemeteries and crematoria across 
Australia and in Singapore.

     Tomorrow,   we intend to still be at the forefront  

of our industry, with innovative  
preneed and memorialisation  
products supporting our traditional 
funeral brands.

 InvoCare. Growing investor value  
through the preservation of everlasting 
family memories. 

InvoCare is an Australian company that owns 
and operates funeral homes, cemeteries and 
crematoria across Australia and in Singapore.  
the Company was floated on the ASX in 2003 
and owns key national brands Simplicity Funerals, 
White lady Funerals and Singapore Casket, as 
well as leading brands in each Australian state 
in which it operates.

InvoCare places great value on understanding 
and professionally servicing its client family 
needs. InvoCare exercises responsibility as an 
industry leader. It encourages supporting local 
communities and also actively works with industry 
and other stakeholder groups. 

our mission to shareholders is to improve 
investor value. the development of our people, 
our brands and our facilities are the keys to 
achieving this objective.

InvoCare’s business model operates with multi-
branded “front-end” businesses, supported by 
“back office” shared service functions including 
marketing, preneed administration, human 
resources, information technology, finance, 
property and facilities.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

1

 
2008 performance  
highlights

Death rate above trenD

market share increaseD

two businesses acquireD

9 new funeral homes 

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Results at a glance 

Sales revenue  
normalised operating eBItDA  
normalised operating eBItDA operating margin  
normalised profit after tax  
normalised basic earnings per share (epS)  
Reported profit after tax  
Basic epS (cents per share)  

prepaid funeral funds under management  

Funeral homes (number)  
Cemeteries and crematoria (number)  
employees (full-time equivalents)  

2

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

$ million unless otherwise stated

2008 

2007 

% change

244.2 
61.9 
25.3% 
28.3 
28.3 cents 
28.0 
28.0 cents 

237.0 

163 
12 
993 

223.9 
58.9 
26.3% 
27.1 
27.2 cents 
27.6 
27.6 cents 

272.0 

152
12
923

9.1
5.0
-1.0
4.7
4.0
1.7
1.4

-13.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chairman’s message

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In a year when economic conditions 
worsened and global financial markets 
experienced major upheaval, InvoCare 
once again demonstrated the robustness 
of its business model by reporting a profit 
after tax of $28.0 million, being 1.7% or 
$0.5 million higher than 2007.

InvoCare’s dedicated employees continue 
to deliver outstanding service to their family 
and funeral director customers across 
Australia and in Singapore. Increased 
service volumes and strong average sale 
price growth contributed to the solid 
result. Market share gains were achieved 
through both acquisitions and opening new 
locations and the above trend number of 
deaths continued during the year.

the downturn in equity markets, however, 
did reduce the surplus contribution from 
redeemed prepaid funeral funds. Also, the 
prevailing economic conditions resulted 
in lower sales of discretionary preneed 
memorials by InvoCare’s cemeteries 
and crematoria, especially in the second 
half of 2008. this was mitigated by 
construction and delivery of previously sold 
memorials enabling recognition of past 
deferred revenue.

the Board and management are closely 
monitoring and responding to the impacts of 
the economic climate caused by the global 
financial crisis. However, the funeral industry 
in general and InvoCare in particular are 
not as significantly affected as others. In 
InvoCare’s case, it has strong cash flows 
and is in a healthy financial position, with 
debt facilities in place until January 2011. 
the Company will continue to influence, 
where possible, the investment strategies 
of prepaid funeral trusts to improve returns 
and is continuing its memorial construction 
activity to mitigate any ongoing memorial 
sale contract shortfalls.

InvoCare’s robust busIness model  
delIvers another solId result In an  
unCertaIn envIronment.

two funeral business acquisitions were completed in 2008, 
in perth and Melbourne, taking to seven the number of 
acquisitions since December 2005. In addition to the 2008 
acquisitions, InvoCare’s penetration of the Australian funeral 
market was further assisted by opening nine new funeral homes 
in strategic locations, taking the number of funeral homes in 
Australia at the end of the year to 162.

Following the strong overall financial performance, the Board 
declared a fully franked final dividend of 13.0 cents per share. 
the total fully franked ordinary dividends for the year increased 
4.4% to 23.5 cents per share. total shareholder returns (price 
movement plus cash dividends) since the initial public offering 
in late 2003 amount to 230%. InvoCare’s share price, although 
reduced during the equity market declines, has traded above 
the ASX 200 index, highlighting the Company’s strength.

the appointment of Andrew Smith as Chief executive officer from 
1 January 2009 is evidence of the Board’s focus on management 
succession and engaging quality senior management. Andrew 
joined the Company in January 2006 and since becoming Chief 
operating officer in March 2007 has been driving the recent 
strategic and operational direction of InvoCare’s business.

Richard Davis, the departing Chief executive officer, must 
be given credit for almost 20 years building and managing 
InvoCare to its present scale and success. the Board, staff 
and other stakeholders are sincerely indebted to Richard for his 
successful leadership and for providing a very solid foundation 
for InvoCare’s future.

on behalf of the Board and all its shareholders, I commend 
management and employees across Australia and Singapore 
on the excellent results achieved and I thank them for all their 
hard efforts. once again, their commitment, dedication and high 
service ethics have contributed to InvoCare’s 2008 performance. 
the Board is confident that the Company is extremely well 
positioned to deliver sustainable growth into the future.

Ian Ferrier  chairman

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

3

 
Allan Drew
Allan Drew Funerals,  
Castle Hill and Rouse Hill NSW

Yesterday… 

4

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

Chipper Funerals, 
operated by Don Chipper, 
is a proud supporter of 
veteran associations 
and related bodies. 
Whether for Anzac Day, 
sponsoring RSL activities 
and conventions or 
arranging funerals for 
current serving personnel, 
Don Chipper and Chipper 
Funerals are committed 
to remembering their 
sacrifice.

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Le Pine Funerals 
provides the 
highest standards 
in traditional funeral 
services. From its 
humble beginnings in 
a cabinetmaker’s shop 
to 20 locations today, 
every lesson learnt in 
service ensures client 
families receive the 
full benefit of Le Pine’s 
experience and its 
attention to detail. 
Only a trusted and 
reputable provider of 
funeral services can 
provide this level of 
satisfaction.

InvoCare is proud of its 
roots stretching back to 
the 1880s. We own and 
maintain many heritage 
listed buildings and 
other items including 
this horse drawn hearse, 
dating from 1891, seen 
here taking part in 150th 
anniversary celebrations 
commemorating the 
first funeral at the Kew 
Cemetery in Melbourne.

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Allan Drew of Allan Drew Funerals in Sydney’s Castle Hill is one 
of many long serving funeral directors InvoCare is proud to have 
as part of its team. Allan has been providing funeral services 
since 1970 and his name is synonymous with care, compassion 
and respect.

Men and women like Allan have created successful funeral 
businesses across Australia and Singapore that have stood the 
test of time. these proud ambassadors of the funeral industry 
are integral to InvoCare’s success. they provide positive role 
models to their colleagues, are proof of InvoCare’s respect for 
the continuity of acquired businesses and are key to ensuring 
the highest standards for care and respect are passed on from 
yesterday to be applied both today and tomorrow. 

on Australia Day 2009, Allan Drew was awarded an  
order of Australia medal for his services to the funeral industry 
and for service to the community through a range of charity 
and service organisations.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Key strategies of 2008

With no shift in our strategic direction, 
InvoCare’s long-term growth will be  
delivered by anticipated volume increases, 
business acquisitions, location, brand,  
staff investment and solid capital  
management.

increasing branD 
awareness anD alignment 
to consumer neeDs

oPening new locations 
anD acquiring 
successful businesses

investment in  
our PeoPle 

InvoCare aims to sustain and improve 
brand awareness by undertaking strategic 
marketing initiatives, such as main media 
campaigns, combined with more tactical 
and localised marketing strategies. 
Brand awareness is also enhanced by 
our staff who dedicate many hours to 
community and social organisations, and 
most importantly by service excellence 
with a very personal touch. InvoCare’s two 
Australian national brands, White lady 
and Simplicity, along with the primary 
brands in individual markets enjoy strong 
awareness levels.

InvoCare’s robust business model is 
based on personal service supported by 
highly efficient back end processes to 
ensure client families receive the most 
professional service possible. We continue 
to seek new locations and acquisitions 
within the foot print of established 
shared service functions. to build on 
InvoCare’s existing successful operations 
in highly populated centres or regions 
across Australia and in Singapore, more 
geographically dispersed opportunities 
and models are being examined.

the professionalism of our staff is 
constantly being enhanced by investment 
in training and other learning opportunities 
presented by InvoCare’s learning 
and development team. In addition 
to the investment in core operational 
programmes, including various induction, 
customer service and occupational 
health and safety modules, the Future 
leaders programme aims to identify and 
develop the next generation of InvoCare’s 
service team. this major initiative has 
been well received and supported across 
the Company with six of the 21 initial 
participants securing location manager 
roles to date. We are able to offer our 
staff a career in the industry, as well 
as an opportunity to own shares in 
the Company, unlike most of the other 
family owned and operated business 
competitors.

6

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

imProving our facilities 
anD exPanDing 
memorialisation

We continue to invest $15-20 million 
annually enhancing and improving the 
facilities available. this ensures that the 
ambience of our locations continues to 
meet client expectations and that the 
most modern facilities, such as audio 
visual systems, are available for those 
who choose them. We also continue to 
expend substantial sums maintaining our 
many heritage listed assets, especially in 
our locations where many generations of 
individual families are memorialised.

valuable future  
income streams

soliD caPital anD 
financial management

InvoCare continues to grow the number 
and value of prepaid contracts by 
emphasising the peace of mind our clients 
experience from knowing that when the 
time comes their families are protected 
from unexpected burdens. We also work 
with our investment managers to ensure 
that investment strategies are put in place 
that will continue to ensure surpluses 
are delivered.

our capital management initiatives are 
designed to ensure that an appropriate 
mix of debt and equity is maintained to 
maximise returns to shareholders while 
ensuring adequate funds are available 
to support growth and expansion. 
the Company is in a healthy financial 
position and its strong operating cash 
flows provide necessary funds to 
pay at least 75% of annual profits to 
shareholders as dividends, meet debt 
servicing obligations, invest in property, 
plant and equipment, as well as fund 
smaller new business acquisitions. 
the Company’s DRp has been supported 
by approximately 25% of shareholders to 
provide additional funds for the business. 
In the event opportunities become limited 
for investing in the growth of the business, 
the Company will consider making 
alternative returns to shareholders.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

7

 
 
Ceo review

InvoCare’s robust busIness model, 
a hIgher number oF deaths, strong 
average sales perFormanCe and 
the posItIve ContrIbutIon From 
aCquIsItIons and new loCatIons 
resulted In another solId year  
In 2008.

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InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

In delivering my first report as Ceo I would like to thank 
Richard Davis for his outstanding contribution to InvoCare over 
nearly 20 years. the support and encouragement Richard has 
provided me personally over the last three years and particularly 
during the transition phase has been invaluable. the transition 
has progressed well and, I believe, has been well received by key 
stakeholders, including staff and shareholders.

In terms of 2008 InvoCare delivered a solid profit after tax of 
$28.0 million, an increase of 1.7% on the prior year. this was 
achieved by our continued focus on the five pillars of growth 
and a stable, committed team dedicated to providing service 
excellence to our client families.

the solid result was underpinned by:

– 

– 

– 

– 

the continuation of the above trend death rate;

acquisitions;

new location openings; and

pricing increases.

these more than offset the effects, most notable in the second 
half, of the reduction in prepaid funeral surpluses caused by the 
global financial crisis’ effects on equity markets.

Dividends of 23.5 cents per share, up 1 cent per share from 2007, 
have been declared for 2008.

Funeral homes
Sales revenues from InvoCare’s 162 Australian funeral homes was 
up a pleasing 11%, continuing the growth of InvoCare’s funeral 
operations.

Historical revenue Growth Contributors – australian Funerals

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$4.4m 

$2.2m 

$6.5m 

$8.1m 

$5.0m 

$7.9m 

$7.6m 

($2.6m) 

$4.9m 

$1.5m 

$2.7m 

$3.9m 

$0.6m 
$0.9m 

$5.0m 

$1.8m 

$4.3m 

($6.7m) 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

■ Australian Acquisitions (since 2003)
■ Prepaid Funeral Surplus
■ Australian Funerals Pricing (Comparable Business)
■ Australian Funerals Volume (Comparable Business)

 
 
As the table demonstrates, the impact 
of the death rate running at higher than 
recent ABS trend levels has contributed 
favourably to this outcome. InvoCare 
estimates that the death rate within its 
Australian market areas increased by 2.1% 
during the year.

the Group, in line with its unaltered 
strategic direction, opened a total of nine 
new Australian funeral homes in 2008. 
these homes were opened in positions 
that InvoCare believes will contribute 
to the long-term health of the business 
by focusing on new locations where 
the demographics suggest growth 
will continue. At the same time, these 
locations must be within acceptable 
distances of our shared service centres 
to ensure the robustness of the business 
model is maintained. Furthermore, many 
of the openings support the growth in 
our national brands, White lady and 
Simplicity, as well as an acknowledgement 
that some of our traditional brands in 
major metropolitan markets were under 
represented.

Market surveys revealed that 97% of 
clients would definitely or probably 
recommend an InvoCare provider to 
a third party and 99% of clients believe 
InvoCare meets or exceeds their 
expectations. this is a great tribute to the 
dedicated people on the InvoCare team.

In constant dollars, Singapore Casket 
Company grew by 7% due to an 11.8% 
increase in average sales value as a result 
of favourable sales mix and increased 
parlour occupancy.

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During the year, Butler Funerals, part of the Guardian Funerals 
network, celebrated 80 years service to its local community. 
Many of our traditional brands have been providing support 
to their local communities for many generations. For example, 
Chipper & Son has been in continuous operation since 1889, 
providing service to many generations of families in the 
perth region.

CemeterIes and CrematorIa
Sales of memorial contracts from InvoCare’s 12 cemeteries and 
crematoria declined $0.3 million due to a reduction in the number 
and average value of sales. the decline was particularly noticeable 
in the second half and given the discretionary nature of this part 
of the business was mainly due to the decline in the economy 
brought about by the global financial crisis. this decline was offset 
by an increase of $1.5 million in revenue from previously deferred 
sales achieved by an aggressive building programme undertaken 
during the year.

the chapels at Mt thompson, pinegrove and Castlebrook were 
extensively upgraded to improve the ambience of these locations 
for our client families.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

9

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
Ceo review continued

aCquIsItIons
the Chipper Funerals business acquired 
at the end of 2007 was fully integrated 
into InvoCare’s perth operations during 
2008. this business contributed around 
900 cases in this market and helps to 
capitalise on InvoCare’s robust business 
model of centralising back office functions 
while ensuring that our client families 
receive a professionally delivered, 
compassionate and caring service.

Christian Funerals, also in the perth 
market, was acquired in August 2008, 
followed by Southern Cross Funerals in 
the Melbourne market in october. Both 
these businesses have made positive 
contributions to the results for their 
respective states.

Strategically, InvoCare is committed to 
continuing to grow through the acquisition 
of well placed funeral homes that can be 
integrated into the business.

A major fire at Rookwood impacted the second half of the year 
unfavourably. Rectification and enhancements on this site have 
begun and are expected to be completed in the first half of 2009, 
including the installation of state of the art, emission efficient 
cremators. the cremator replacement programme, which began 
with the commissioning of new cremators at Allambe Gardens 
Memorial park in the middle of 2007, continued and it is expected 
all 12 crematoria will be fully upgraded by the middle of 2010.

InvoCare estimates that the death rate in the Australian markets 
served by our cemeteries and crematoria increased by 2.6% 
during the year.

Market surveys show that 93% of client families would definitely or 
probably recommend an InvoCare location to a third party if the 
need arose.

prepaId Funeral Funds
Consistent with prior years, 13% of InvoCare’s Australian funerals 
were prepaid. the number of new prepaid contracts sold during 
the year was 18.8% higher than 2007, reflecting the effort this 
aspect of the business has received. new sales exceeded 
redemptions by 6.9%, ensuring that future revenue will continue 
to grow as these prepaid arrangements are delivered.

At the end of the period, total funds in independently managed 
trust funds were $237 million, down from $272 million in the 
previous year. the global financial crisis, particularly in the second 
half of 2008, resulted in substantial revaluation downwards of 
these funds. the long-term bias to equities in the investment 
strategies used by the trustees have been altered in the short 
term to ensure that capital is preserved. As a result, 85% of 
investments are now in fixed term deposits until Australian equity 
markets become more stable and provide a greater certainty 
of returns.

Management estimates that at 31 December 2008 the funds 
invested were $7 million above the standard prices for the 
provision of those prepaid services. Following price increases 
applied from 1 January 2009, it is estimated the funds fall 
$3 million short of the standard price value of delivery of those 
services on that date.

10

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

overvIew oF operatIons
InvoCare continues to focus on ensuring positive returns from 
all its locations and ensuring these are professionally presented 
for the highest possible level of service. During the year, capital 
expenditure exceeded $16 million with more than $5.5 million 
spent on upgrading and improving facilities, including the start of 
construction of a major new operations centre at Glen Waverley in 
Melbourne, extensive refurbishments of Ferntree Gully in Victoria 
and Granville in Sydney and the enhancement of chapels at 
cemetery and crematorium locations.

no major property sales or purchases occurred during the year.

InvoCare continues to work with industry and other stakeholder 
groups to ensure our industry meets the highest ethical standards 
through the implementation of practical consumer protection 
measures either by legislation or via industry codes of practice.

local community support continued throughout the year with both 
the Company and its staff actively participating. Support included 
financial assistance, provision of facilities and equipment, as well 
as staff volunteering their valuable personal time.

InvoCare continues to be committed to training and developing 
its employees with extensive “learning and development” 
programmes focusing on the key areas of the business. 
During 2008, the “Future leaders” programme was launched 
with around 20 aspiring leaders identified for more extensive 
training and development.

Key managers were again offered the opportunity to participate 
in the Company’s Deferred employee Share plan, an important 
initiative aimed at aligning management interests to those of 
shareholders and the retention of key personnel. the offer was 
made to all regional managers and above. this initiative, together 
with the exempt Share plan replicated again in 2008, has enabled 
over 25% of InvoCare’s personnel to have equity in the business. 

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

11

Ceo review continued

12

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

lookIng ahead
the Group’s ongoing commitment to 
service, its strong brands, its network 
of locations, its valuable prepaid 
funeral fund and its operating leverage 
position the Group well for sustainable 
long-term growth. 

InvoCare’s strategic direction is 
unchanged and continues to focus on the 
five pillars of growth – pricing, favourable 
demographics, prepaid funeral funds, 
acquisitions and new locations.

Whilst InvoCare’s results will continue to 
be affected by the number of deaths in 
any given period, InvoCare’s positioning 
in the markets where it operates together 
with its strategic initiatives place the 
Company well for the future.

Richard Davis retired at the end of last 
year after 19 years with the Group but 
he continues to provide his valuable 
insights in a consulting capacity. Richard’s 
continued commitment to InvoCare is very 
much appreciated.

Finally, I would like to take this opportunity 
to thank my management team and all 
the dedicated employees of InvoCare who 
have worked so hard to achieve this result.

Andrew Smith  chief executive officer

Organisational and 
management structure

Board of Directors

The management team at InvoCare have more 
than 120 years relevant industry experience and 
many have held senior executive roles in other 
industries.

Chief executive 
officer

Andrew Smith  
Industry experience 
3 years

Chief Financial 
officer and Company 
Secretary

Phillip Friery 
Industry experience 
14 years

Chief executive 
officer – Singapore 
Casket Company

Wee Leng Goh  
Industry experience 
1 year

national Funerals 
General Manager 
and General 
Manager nSW 
Funerals

Greg Bisset  
Industry experience 
1 year

General Manager 
Cemeteries and 
Crematoria

Armen Mikaelian 
Industry experience 
19 years

General Manager 
Queensland  
Funerals

General Manager 
victorian Funerals 

General Manager 
South australian 
Funerals

General Manager 
Western australian 
Funerals

Doris Zagdanski 
Industry experience  
25 years

John Fowler 
Industry experience  
33 years

Jason Maher 
Industry experience  
13 years

Andrew Hogan 
Industry experience  
15 years

each operational 
area is supported 
by a network of 
regional managers 
and other specialist 
staff. 

all operations are 
supported by the 
following back office 
management: 

–  Marketing & 

Communications;  
Ian McKenzie
–  Prepaid Funeral 
Administration;  
Sasha 
Moore‑Shupick

– Human Resources
–  Information & 
Technology;  
John Brennan

–  Property & Facilities; 
Damien Fitzpatrick

–  Finance;  

Nailesh Shah and 
Chris Mooney
–  Internal Audit;  
Chris Bennecke

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

13

Kay Toovey
White Lady, Roseville NSW

14

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

y
a
D
o
t
–
s
D
n
a
r
b
r
u
o

All things change, funeral 
traditions included. 
When Australia’s way 
of life began to change 
in the 1970s, a new 
approach to funerals 
arose that gave families 
permission to say 
farewell to departed 
loved ones in a personal 
way. Simplicity Funerals 
is a modern funeral 
provider that arose 
in the midst of those 
heady times. Right up 
to today it provides a 
modern approach to suit 
the times.

y
a
D
o
t
–
s
t
e
s
s
a
r
u
o

The heritage listed West 
Chapel at Mt Thompson 
Memorial Garden in 
Brisbane following an 
extensive refurbishment 
in 2008. The chapel 
which includes many Art 
Deco features has been 
significantly upgraded 
to meet current safety 
standards and to provide 
state of the art audio 
visual facilities while 
maintaining its sense of 
tranquillity. 

Some InvoCare staff 
with the relics of Saints 
Gabriel Possentu, Gemma 
Galgani and Maria Goretti 
and the Blessed Pier 
Giorgio Frassati which 
were brought to Australia 
as part of the World 
Youth Day celebrations. 
InvoCare was proud to 
provide transportation for 
these priceless objects 
which formed an integral 
part of the World Youth 
Day celebrations.

y
t
i

n
u
m
m
o
c
e
h

t

n

i

–
y
a
D
o
t

InvoCare has a diverse and experienced work force, a real  
asset in today’s competitive marketplace.

Kay toovey from White lady Funerals at Roseville in Sydney 
understands that traditional funeral service roles, such as 
arranging, conducting, attending, pall bearing, hearse driving 
and embalming, must be performed by capable staff with 
empathy and maturity. At cemeteries and crematoria, teams 
of qualified ground staff prepare and maintain the tranquil 
surroundings while caring personnel guide and assist families 
and friends in the choice of a suitable permanent memorial for 
a life lived. Supporting the operational front end of the business 
are other experienced teams such as human resources, training, 
marketing, finance and property management.

InvoCare’s integrated approach to its operations provides  
benefit to people like Kay through continuity of experience  
and career development. this doesn’t just happen.  
It involves good human resource planning and training and  
the result is retained, experienced staff with good skills  
and whole-of-business understanding.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

15

Today… 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Community, people, 
environment

In 2008 InvoCare has maIntaIned Its 
strong CommItment to reCognIsIng 
the ImportanCe oF Its oblIgatIons 
to the CommunIty, Its people and 
the envIronment, whIle aChIevIng 
the group’s strategIC objeCtIve oF 
sustaInIng busIness perFormanCe.

CommunIty
During the year, InvoCare maintained 
its commitment to the community by 
participating in 290 individual events at 
both local and national levels. our people 
arranged and participated in events 
including remembrance services, 
community presentations, tours of 
facilities and memorial parks (participants 
including school and scouting groups), 
grief seminars and education sessions 
on coping with grief and death for 
nursing staff from local hospitals and 
nursing homes.

A highlight of the year was managing 
the transportation of the relics of Saints 
Gabriel possentu, Gemma Galgani and 
Maria Goretti and the Blessed pier Giorgio 
Frassati, which were brought to Australia 
as part of World Youth Day celebrations. 
Staff from 21 locations across three states 
ensured that this delicate transportation 
task went smoothly.

16

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

Charities such as the Cancer Council were supported 
with organised events for Australia’s Biggest Morning tea. 
Support was provided for other fund raising events for a range 
of charity and community service groups including the lions 
Club, Rotary, Movember and various seniors’ and church 
groups. In addition, the Company made a donation to ARS 
Musica Australis, which manages scholarships and music-based 
educational programmes. Various other charities were supported 
with small direct donations.

employees/health and saFety
InvoCare has 1,224 employees at 175 locations in Australia and 
Singapore. our people represent a diverse cross section of 
the communities in which we operate and 53% (2007: 54%) of 
them are women. there is a comprehensive in-house learning 
and development programme in place to constantly improve 
the professionalism of our people. this includes programmes 
delivered by our specialist training team and electronic self-paced 
learning. It is supplemented by external training activities 
where necessary.

training includes occupational health and safety best practices, 
human rights and equal opportunity requirements, as well as 
skill-based training. over 850 training programmes were delivered 
in 2008, covered more than 4,350 employee sessions. 65% of 
these sessions related to customer service and the majority of 
the balance focused on occupational health and safety issues. 
Where appropriate, staff are supported both financially and 
through paid leave to pursue higher educational and professional 
qualifications relevant to their current or future career paths.

the “Future leaders” programme, introduced in 2008, was 
undertaken by 21 employees, six of whom have already received 
management promotional opportunities.

During the year, enhancement of fire evacuation training was a 
key focus of occupational health and safety. Following the fire at 
the Rookwood Crematorium, a professional review of fire risks at 
all major locations was undertaken. Remedial actions are now in 
progress where this was recommended.

occupational health and safety audits were completed in all 
locations during the year. this review process has been enhanced 
by the development of an automated self-assessment tool 
available to staff responsible for the management of risks at each 
of the Group’s locations.

the employee Assistance programme continued during 2008, 
offering confidential counselling to employees who may be 
suffering stress, trauma or conflict.

l

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envIronment
InvoCare is focused on minimising any 
adverse environmental impact related to 
its business activities, whilst continuing 
to maintain quality and service excellence 
and providing a safe working environment 
for employees.

employees are encouraged to identify 
and act on opportunities to reduce 
any adverse environmental impact. 
A programme is in place to identify 
and implement improvements in use of 
resources, to reduce waste and maximise 
recycling wherever practical. We are also 
in dialogue with key suppliers regarding 
production of their products and services 
in the most environmentally responsible 
manner.

As reported last year, the cremator 
replacement programme continues, with 
new energy efficient cremators being 
installed, which will provide energy savings 
and a reduction in carbon emissions 
compared to the previous equipment. 
Gas consumption has already been 
effectively reduced by 4.5% compared 
to 2007.

the Company maintained its holding 
of over 660 acres of open space for its 
memorial parks and gardens in urban 
locations. these provide a tranquil 
environment for client families or visitors 
to reflect on memories of their family 
and friends.

the Company has voluntarily participated in the international 
Carbon Disclosure project (CDp) reporting. this is an independent 
organisation which holds the world’s largest database of 
corporate climate change information on behalf of institutional 
investors, purchasing organisations and government bodies. 
InvoCare’s response outlined the key issues and challenges that 
InvoCare may face as a result of climate change. It also provides 
a transparent, quantified reporting of the Company’s energy 
usage and greenhouse gas emissions. A base year of 2007 has 
been established from which to measure future performance in 
relation to greenhouse gas emissions. Currently the 2008 year 
data is being collected and will be reported on in the CDp 2009 
Questionnaire due for submission in May 2009.

the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 came 
into effect on 1 July 2008; however, InvoCare’s emissions for the 
2007 year are well below any reporting requirement threshold 
of this Act. Despite being below the reporting threshold, the 
Company is developing a Greenhouse Gas emissions plan for 
the purpose of identifying measures to reduce energy intensity 
in addition to the measures already taken, and also to establish 
emission reduction targets.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tomorrow… 

Joe Griffin
Newcastle Memorial Park

18

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

White Lady Funerals 
is launching on the 
Sunshine Coast. 
South East Queensland 
is one of Australia’s 
fastest growing 
regions, attracting new 
residents from areas 
where White Lady 
Funerals is well known. 
Sunshine Coast 
residents can now 
also arrange funerals 
with all of the elegance 
White Lady can 
provide.

w
o
r
r
o
m
o
t
-
s
D
n
a
r
b
r
u
o

Touched by the stories of 
people who had lost loved 
ones to suicide, Genean 
Beetson of Simplicity 
Funerals ran her own 
suicide prevention and 
awareness seminar. 
The result was a support 
group which meets 
regularly and continues 
to assist these families.

y
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The cremators at the 
Northern Suburbs 
Memorial Gardens 
and Crematorium are 
scheduled to be part of 
the $9 million upgrade 
of all InvoCare’s cremator 
facilities. This involves 
the replacement of the 
existing equipment with 
modern fuel efficient 
cremators designed 
with the latest safety 
features and producing 
significantly lower carbon 
emissions.

w
o
r
r
o
m
o
t
–
s
t
e
s
s
a
r
u
o

Initiatives like the “Future leaders” programme allow InvoCare 
to look to its long-term success by taking the experience of 
yesterday, the lessons of today and turning both into a plan 
for tomorrow.

Joe Griffin from newcastle Memorial park has been identified as 
someone able to progress within the Company and in possession 
of a desire to take on more senior roles. the “Future leaders” 
programme provides a forum where Joe’s enthusiasm and drive 
can be developed for tomorrow. 

Families trust that the park or garden where their loved one 
is memorialised will always be a beautiful place to reflect on 
their departed. Client families also trust that the excellent 
service they received from their local funeral home in the 
past will remain available to them when needed in the future. 
InvoCare’s approach to talent identification and career 
development ensures tomorrow’s services will be every bit 
as good as today’s.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group financial and 
operational review

FInanCIal hIghlIghts

1st Half  1st Half 

  2nd Half  2nd Half 

  Full Year  Full Year 

2008 
$m 

2007  Change  Change 
% 
$m 

$m 

2008 
$m 

2007  Change  Change 
% 
$m 

$m 

2008 
$m 

2007  Change  Change 
%
$m 

$m 

Funerals
– Comparable Australia 
– Comparable Singapore 
– Australian acquisitions 

total funerals 
Cemeteries and crematoria 
elimination of intra-group sales 

Sales revenues 
other revenue 
operating expenses 
normalised operating eBITDa 
Normalised Operating  
EBITDA Margin 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Finance costs 
Interest income 
Income tax expense 
Effective tax rate 
normalised Profit after Tax 
Normalised Basic Earnings  
per Share 

79.6  
3.9  
4.0  

87.5  
28.2  
(3.0) 

75.9  
3.9  
0.9  

80.7  
27.7  
(3.0) 

112.7   105.4  
1.7  
80.4  
26.7  

2.1  
87.6  
27.2  

6.8  
0.4  
0.1  

7.3  
0.4  
7.2  
0.4  

3.7  
– 

4.8 
(0.6) 
3.2   365.1 

94.6  
4.5  
5.7  

8.4 
1.5 
(2.2) 

104.8  
30.3  
(3.6) 

87.4  
3.5  
1.6  

92.5  
29.6  
(3.6) 

8.2 
7.2  
1.0  
29 
4.1   255.9 

174.2   163.4  
7.4  
2.5  

8.4  
9.8  

12.3  
0.7  
– 

13.3 
2.5 
0.3 

192.3   173.2  
57.3  
(6.6) 

58.5  
(6.6) 

6.9 
21.3 
9.0 
1.6 

131.5   118.5  
1.9  
88.3  
32.2  

2.1  
98.9  
34.7  

13.0  
0.1  
10.7  
2.5  

11.0 
7.6 
12.1 
7.8 

4.1  

244.2   223.9  
3.6  
186.5   168.6  
58.9  

61.9  

(4.6) 
(5.5) 
0.3  
(5.1) 

24.1%  25.4% 
(4.3) 
(6.1) 
0.3  
(5.3) 
29.3%  31.7% 
11.4  

12.3  

(1.3%) 
(0.3) 
0.6  
– 
0.2  
(2.4%) 
0.9  

(1.3)  26.4%  27.2% 
(4.7) 
(5.1) 
6.4 
(6.0) 
(8.2) 
(9.9) 
– 
0.3  
0.3  
(6.2) 
(5.7) 
(3.2) 
(7.5)  26.1%  28.3% 
15.7  
16.0  
8.3 

(0.8%) 
(0.5) 
(2.2) 
– 
0.5  
(2.2%) 
0.3  

(0.8)  25.3%  26.3% 
(8.9) 
(9.7) 
10.3 
(12.1) 
(13.7) 
36.8 
– 
0.7  
0.6  
(11.5) 
(10.8) 
8.5 
(7.7)  27.5%  29.8% 
27.1  
28.3  
2.1 

(1.0%) 
(0.8) 
(1.6) 
– 
0.7  
(2.2%) 
1.3  

 0.9 
 11.4 
 12.3 
cents  cents  cents 

7.9 

 0.3 
 15.7 
 16.0 
cents  cents  cents 

1.9 

 1.1 
 27.2 
 28.3 
cents  cents  cents 

10.8  
1.0  
7.3  

19.1  
1.2  
0.1  

20.3  
0.5  
17.9  
2.9  

6.6
13.4
294

11.0
2.0
(0.8)

9.1
14.0
10.6
5.0

(1.0)
8.5
13.2
(1.7)
(6.1)
(7.5)
4.7

4.0 

profit After tax on Sale of Assets 
Minority interest 
Profit after Tax 
Basic Earnings per Share 

(0.1) 
0.1  
–  
– 
– 
– 
0.8  
11.5  
12.3  
 12.3 
 0.7 
 11.6 
cents  cents  cents 

(96.6) 
– 
6.9 
6.0 

0.4  
(0.3) 
–  
(0.1) 
– 
(0.3) 
16.1  
15.7  
(0.4) 
 16.1 
 15.7 
cents  cents  cents 

(0.7)  (158.7) 
(51.6) 
(2.0) 
(2.5) 

(0.8) 
0.6  
(0.2) 
–  
(0.1) 
(0.1) 
0.5  
27.6  
28.0  
 28.0 
 0.4 
 27.6 
cents  cents  cents 

(143.1)
(29.9)
1.7
1.4 

Summary of financial performance
the Company increased normalised profit after tax for the year 
ended 31 December 2008 by 4.7% to $28.3 million. normalised 
basic epS increased 4.0% to 28.3 cents per share. these results 
were underpinned by:

InvoCare’s business model involves pursuit of organic and 
acquisition growth, improving service levels, increasing operational 
efficiencies, positioning for favourable demographic changes 
and prudent capital management. the model was again proven 
in 2008.

Sales revenue
Sales revenue for the full year increased by $20.3 million, 
or 9.1%, to $244.2 million. Funeral sales increased by 11.0% to 
$192.3 million and contributed $19.1 million of the overall increase.

Comparable Australian funeral operations, which include 
new locations, generated an additional $10.8 million or 6.6%, 
increasing comparable sales revenue to $174.2 million for the year. 
the number of funeral services performed increased by 3.6%, 
contributing $5.7 million to the sales increase. the number of 
deaths in InvoCare’s Australian markets increased by an estimated 
2.1% in 2008 (2007: 4.4%) and InvoCare’s overall market share 
increased by 1.7%.

– 

– 

– 

a higher number of deaths in InvoCare’s Australian markets;

the contribution from funeral business acquisitions and new 
funeral home locations;

average selling price improvements, offset by reduced 
contribution from redeemed prepaid funeral funds; and

– 

continued focus on managing costs.

operating cash flows remained strong at $36.5 million, although 
$2.1 million lower than the previous year due to the reduced 
prepaid funeral fund contribution. Cash conversion was a healthy 
98% of eBItDA, enabling further reinvestment in the business and 
continuation of a high dividend payout ratio of 84.3% (2007: 81.8%).

With the solid 2008 results, a final fully franked dividend of 
13.0 cents per share was declared, taking the full year dividends 
to 23.5 cents, 4.4% or 1.0 cent higher than 2007.

20

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At the time of announcing InvoCare’s full year results on 
19 February 2009, mention was made of estimates released by 
the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) up to the end of the 
second quarter of 2008 and differences to InvoCare’s own market 
estimates. on 18 March 2009, ABS released preliminary Australian 
death numbers for the third quarter of 2008, including updating 
some past estimates. the latest data released by ABS is not in 
sufficient detail to determine deaths in each InvoCare market. 
However, the revised ABS numbers now more closely align to 
InvoCare’s own market estimates as set out in the following table 
showing percentage increases in the number of deaths compared 
to the prior corresponding year or half year.

ABS 
national 
estimates 
released on 

ABS 
national 
estimates 
released on 
18 March  2 December 
2008 
%

2009 
% 

IVC 
estimates 
for its 
markets 
% 

Year ended 31 December 2007 
4.4 
Six months ended 30 June 2008  1.9 
Year ended 30 June 2008 
4.3 
Year ended 30 September 2008  2.4 
2.1 
Year ended 31 December 2008 

3.3 
4.7 
4.5 
1.4 
n/a 

2.5
6.4
5.3
n/a
n/a

Despite the differences between ABS and InvoCare estimates, 
importantly there is a consistent demographic trend of increasing 
numbers of deaths as shown in the graph below of actual and 
projected numbers based on ABS data.

In 2008, InvoCare’s average Australian funeral selling prices rose 
by 4.6%, contributing $7.7 million to the sales revenue increase. 
the surplus from prepaid funeral fund redemptions contributed 
$0.5 million to sales revenue, a drop of $2.6 million on the 
previous year as investment returns declined due to the global 
financial crisis.

actual and Projected Deaths – australia

nine new funeral homes were opened in 2008, taking the total 
opened in the last three years to 26 and the total across Australia 
to 162. It can take several years for a new location to achieve 
InvoCare’s operating margin. In addition, as more new locations 
are opened, including by expansion of InvoCare’s funeral brands 
into pre-existing markets, the contribution made by these new 
locations may not be as high as in new markets. However, this new 
location and branding strategy is expected to create economies 
of scale in supporting and promoting the brands, increase brand 
awareness in the communities and generate increased sales by 
those brands.

Australian funeral businesses acquired since 1 January 2007 
generated $9.8 million sales revenue in 2008, contributing 
$7.3 million to the funeral sales increase. the businesses acquired 
were liberty Funerals (Sydney, March 2007), Chipper Funerals 
(perth and surrounds, December 2007), Christian Funerals 
(perth, August 2008) and Southern Cross Funerals (Melbourne, 
october 2008). All business acquisitions made since ASX listing 
in December 2003, including Ann Wilson Funerals (Sydney, 
December 2005), Drysdale Funerals (Sunshine Coast, July 2006) 
and Singapore Casket Company (october 2006), have performed 
well and according to plan. 

Approximately 13% (2007: 13%) of InvoCare’s Australian funerals 
performed had been prepaid. During 2008, the number of new 
prepaid funeral contracts sold for future service delivery exceeded 
prepaid funeral contracts performed by 6.9% and average new 
contract prices increased by 7.2% on 2007.

InvoCare’s Singapore funeral business contributed A$8.4 million to 
the Group’s sales revenue, an increase of 13.4% or A$1.0 million 
on 2007. In local Singapore currency, Singapore’s sales 
increased by 7.0%. Case volume was down by 4.1% due to 
increased competition, but this was more than offset by an 11.8% 
improvement in average price per case in local Singapore currency. 
the Australian dollar weakened by more than 21% against the 
Singapore dollar during the year which contributed to the above 
sales growth expressed in Australian currency.

 155  

 150  

 145  

 140  

 135 

 130  

 125  

 120  

 115  

)

0
0
0
’
(

r
e
b
m
u
N

0
9
9
1

2
9
9
1

4
9
9
1

6
9
9
1

8
9
9
1

0
0
0
2

2
0
0
2

4
0
0
2
Years to 30 June

6
0
0
2

8
0
0
2

0
1
0
2

2
1
0
2

4
1
0
2

6
1
0
2

Historic Deaths (ABS)              5 Year Central Moving Average              95% Prediction Bands             Trend              Projected Deaths ABS 2006 Series B

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

21

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group financial and operational review continued

InvoCare’s cemeteries and crematoria, which only operate in 
new South Wales and Queensland, increased sales revenue by 
$1.2 million, or 2.0%, to $58.5 million. the number of deaths in 
InvoCare’s markets was estimated to have increased by 2.6% 
(2007: 3.8%) but a small market share erosion was experienced 
in Sydney due to Rookwood crematorium not operating at full 
capacity following a fire in late July 2008. there was also a 
reduction in the number and average value of prepaid memorial 
contracts, particularly higher value sales in the second half of the 
year, as some customers chose to defer or limit purchases in the 
prevailing economic climate. this impact was partly mitigated 
by stepped up activity to construct and deliver previously sold 
memorials enabling recognition of previously deferred revenue.

Normalised operating EBITDA
normalised operating eBItDA increased by $2.9 million, or 5.0%, 
to $61.9 million. normalised operating eBItDA margins were 
25.3% compared to 26.3% in the previous year. of this 1.0% 
decline, 0.9% was due to the lower contribution from prepaid 
funeral fund redemptions and the balance arose from lower margin 
acquisitions and new locations.

operating costs were generally consistent with, or contributed 
to, business growth. Margins are expected to improve over time 
from operating leverage and efficiencies as new businesses are 
integrated and new funeral home locations mature.

employee related costs, which represent approximately 40% of 
all operating costs, increased 9.1% to $72.8 million. the ratio of 
these costs to sales was 29.8%, the same as 2007. Comparable 
employment costs (that is, excluding the impact of acquisitions) 
increased 6.6% to $70.7 million. the ratio of comparable 
employment costs to sales revenue remained fairly constant with 
a small increase to 30.1%, from 29.9% in 2007.

Finished goods, consumables used and funeral disbursements 
represent approximately 39% of all operating costs and increased 
13.1% to $73.1 million. the ratio of these expenses to sales was 
29.9% compared to 28.9% in 2007. on a comparable business 
basis, the ratio was 29.6%, compared to 28.7% in 2007. the ratio 
movements are mainly sales mix related.

occupancy costs, which represent approximately 8% of operating 
costs, increased 14.4% to $15.2 million in 2008. the ratio of 
occupancy costs to sales increased to 6.2% from 5.9% in 2007. 
the increases were primarily due to acquisitions and the opening 
of new leased funeral locations. Comparable business occupancy 
costs increased 9.0% to $14.3 million.

Advertising and promotion expenses represent approximately 
4% of all operating costs and increased $1.0 million, or 13.9%, 
to $7.9 million in 2008. Comparable business advertising 
and promotion expenses increased $0.8 million, or 11.7%, to 
$7.7 million. of the overall increase, $0.8 million arose in the first 
half of 2008, following a planned acceleration of spending in that 
half to promote brand development and prepaid funerals. the 
second half expenses increased by $0.2 million or 5.1% on the 
corresponding second half of 2007.

Motor vehicle costs, representing about 3% of all operating costs, 
increased by $0.5 million or 9.5% to $5.5 million primarily due to 
business acquisitions ($0.2 million of the increase) and higher fuel 
prices ($0.3 million).

other operating expenses for 2007, which represent approximately 
7% of all operating costs, increased 9.0% overall and 4.6% in 
comparable operations.

Depreciation and amortisation
Depreciation expense increased by $0.8 million to $9.7 million 
in 2008. this increase was mainly attributed to the impact of 
business acquisitions ($0.2 million), new capital expenditure 
($0.4 million) and accelerated depreciation on certain plant and 
equipment following reassessment of useful lives ($0.4 million).

Financing costs
Finance costs increased by $1.6 million to $13.7 million. the main 
components of the increase were unfavourable, non-cash fair value 
movements in derivative financial instruments ($1.2 million), interest 
paid on debt, which was on average $3 million higher than in 2007 
($0.2 million), and foreign exchange losses ($0.1 million).

Taxation
InvoCare’s 2008 income tax expense was $10.7 million (2007: 
$11.7 million). excluding the impact of $0.6 million in prior period 
adjustments, the overall effective tax rate was 29.2%, compared to 
29.8% for 2007.

the Company has $15.1 million in available franking credits 
(2007: $13.4 million).

22

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

CapItal management
InvoCare’s capital management objectives and strategies seek to 
maximise total shareholder returns, in terms of earnings per share, 
distributions and share price, while maintaining a capital structure 
with acceptable debt and financial risk.

Basic earnings per share since listing has increased from 
18.1 cents in 2004, the first full year as a listed company, to 
28.0 cents in 2008. this represents a compound annual growth 
rate of 11.5%.

An investment of $1.00 in InvoCare at 31 December 2003 would 
have increased in value, excluding dividends, against the S&p/  
Index as shown in the graph below. In particular, the graph shows 
how InvoCare’s share price has held its value far better than the 
underlying market since the start of the financial crisis in late 2007 
which reflects market confidence in InvoCare.

Since InvoCare’s initial public offering in late 2003, the total 
shareholder return to 31 December 2008 was 230%, comprising 
share price growth of $3.30, from the application price of $1.85, 
and fully franked dividends paid amounting to 94.9 cents per 
share, excluding the final 2008 dividend of 13.0 cents payable on 
9 April 2009.

During the 2008 year, InvoCare continued active capital 
management, which allowed it to again reward shareholders 
with an increased dividend. Basic earnings per share increased 
1.4% to 28.0 cents per share. total ordinary dividends for the 2008 
year increased by 4.4% to 23.5 cents per share (2007: 22.5 cents 
per share) with the directors declaring a final, fully franked, dividend 
of 13.0 cents per share (2007: 12.5 cents per share). the 2008 
dividend payout ratio was 84.3% (2007: 81.8%), exceeding the 
minimum 75% target ratio.

InvoCare’s Dividend Reinvestment plan (DRp), which was first 
activated for the 2006 interim dividend paid in october 2006, 
remains active for the 2008 final dividend. Approximately 25% of 
InvoCare investors have elected to participate in the DRp.

Maintaining an optimal leverage ratio is a key capital management 
objective. the optimal capital structure, which has the lowest 
cost of capital, is indicatively at a leverage ratio (i.e. net Debt/
eBItDA) of between 3:1 and 5:1. the Group can sustain and 

service higher levels of debt than the amount at balance date 
and, before the onset of the global financial crisis, had a longer 
term net debt target of 3.5x eBItDA. Financiers may be unwilling 
to lend at this ratio in the current markets. Where the capacity 
exists, debt financing will be used for small acquisitions and capital 
expenditure. In the absence of opportunities to invest in growing 
the business, the Group will consider applying excess debt 
capacity to make returns to shareholders (e.g. special dividends, 
share buy-backs, etc). no major capital management initiatives 
involving a return to shareholders in excess of normal dividends are 
anticipated during 2009.

the Group’s existing bi-lateral debt facilities with two of Australia’s 
big four banks (Australia and new Zealand Banking Group limited 
and national Australia Bank limited) expire in January 2011 
when all the debt becomes due and payable. these unsecured 
facilities provide up to $180 million in debt finance, plus $5 million 
in working capital. At 31 December 2008, borrowings drawn 
on the debt facilities amounted to $158.9 million, an increase 
of $4.0 million from the previous year end. the Group has 
commenced work in preparation for the debt refinancing well in 
advance of the maturity of the existing bank debt facilities.

InvoCare has complied with its debt covenants for the above 
facilities. the covenant ratios, as defined in the debt facility 
agreements, were as follows:

– 

– 

Interest cover (eBItDA/net Interest expense) must be greater 
than 3.00:1. At 31 December 2008 this ratio was 5.97:1 
(2007: 5.40:1).

leverage ratio (net Debt/Adjusted eBItDA) must not be 
greater than 3.75:1. At 31 December 2008 this ratio was 2.49:1 
(2007: 2.47:1).

Another important capital management objective is to avoid 
excessive exposure to interest rate fluctuations. InvoCare’s policy 
to maintain floating to fixed base interest rate swaps for at least 
75% of debt principal was again achieved in 2008. At 31 December 
2008 the proportion of debt hedged was 96% (2007: 99%). 
the hedge contracts extend to the end of 2010. As a result of 
these contracts, InvoCare’s effective interest rate, including margin, 
on borrowings at 31 December 2008 was 6.4% (2007: 6.6%).

Return on $1 – InvoCare Limited against S&P/ASX 200 Index

1
$
n
o

n
r
u
t
e
R

$3.50

$3.00

$2.50

$2.00

$1.50 

$1.00

$0.50  

$0.25

$0.00

3
0

c
e
D

4
0

r
a
M

4
0

n
u
J

4
0
p
e
S

4
0

c
e
D

5
0

r
a
M

5
0

n
u
J

5
0
p
e
S

5
0

c
e
D

6
0

r
a
M

6
0

n
u
J

6
0
p
e
S

6
0

c
e
D

7
0

r
a
M

7
0

n
u
J

7
0
p
e
S

7
0

c
e
D

8
0

r
a
M

8
0

n
u
J

8
0
p
e
S

8
0

c
e
D

9
0

r
a
M

InvoCare Limited Share Price            S&P/ASX200 (XJO)

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group financial and operational review continued

Cash Flow

net cash provided by operating activities 

proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 
purchase of subsidiaries and other businesses, net of cash acquired 
purchase of property, plant and equipment 

net cash used in investing activities 

proceeds from issue of ordinary shares 
Shares acquired by InvoCare Deferred employee Share plan trust 
net increase in borrowings 
payment of dividends – InvoCare limited shareholders 
other 

net cash used in financing activities 

net increase/(decrease) in cash held 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 
effect of exchange rate change 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

2008 
$m 

36.5 

0.6 
(6.1) 
(16.4) 

(21.9) 

– 
(0.8) 
4.0 
(20.4) 
– 

(17.2) 

(2.6) 
9.0 
– 

6.4 

2007 
$m

38.6

4.6
(8.5)
(17.4)

(21.3)

0.3
(0.8)
2.4
(15.7)
(0.1)

(13.9)

3.4
5.7
(0.1)

9.0

operating cash flows were $2.1 million lower than the corresponding year, primarily due to the decline in prepaid surplus.

Consistent with previous years, for the full year there was strong conversion of operating eBItDA to cash. In the first half the conversion  
rate was 88%, but this shortfall was arrested as expected with a strong second half conversion at 106%, resulting in 98% for the full year.

operating eBITDa 

Cash flow
Cash provided by operating activities 
  Add/(less): 
  Finance costs 

Income tax paid 
Interest received 

Ungeared, tax free operating cash flow 

Proportion of eBITDa converted to cash 

2008 
$m 

2007 
$m

61.9 

58.9

36.5 

11.3 
12.9 
(0.2) 

60.5 

98% 

38.6

11.1
12.6
(0.3)

62.0

105%

payments for the purchase of businesses included the acquisition of Christian Funerals ($1.6 million) and Southern Cross Funerals 
($0.5 million) plus payments of deferred consideration for Singapore Casket Company ($0.9 million), liberty Funerals ($0.7 million) and 
Chipper/oakwood Funerals ($2.4 million).

payments for property, plant and equipment comprise:

property purchases 
Refurbishments and facility upgrades 
Motor vehicles 
Cremators 
other assets 

Total capital expenditure 

2008 
$m 

0.4 
5.7 
3.2 
2.2 
4.9 

16.4 

2007 
$m

3.4
4.1
3.9
1.8
4.2

17.4

Dividend payments were higher this year due to the increase in cents per share on previous interim and final dividends and the on market 
purchase of required DRp shares for the 2007 final dividend paid in April 2008.

24

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
prepaId Funerals
At 31 December 2008, prepaid funeral funds under management, including customer instalment amounts receivable, not controlled 
by InvoCare and not recorded as an asset on InvoCare’s balance sheet, amounted to $237 million (31 December 2007: $272 million). 
the prepaid funds will be recognised in sales and operating profit in future years when the prepaid funeral services are performed and 
monies are redeemed from the prepaid trusts. An estimated 50% is expected to be recognised over the next 10 years and 90% over 
about 25 years. As mentioned above, in any one year approximately 13% of all Australian funeral services performed by InvoCare have 
been prepaid.

the estimated surplus, or additional margin, included in the prepaid funds to be recognised in future years reduced during the year by 
$49 million to an estimated $7 million at 31 December 2008. this surplus is the excess of funds invested over the retail price of funerals 
if all the prepaid services had been performed on 31 December 2008. However, funeral service selling price increases in the order of 
4.0% to 4.5% applied from 1 January 2009 and will have resulted in the surplus declining by an estimated $10 million (that is, to negative 
$3 million). Consequently, sales and operating margins after 31 December 2008 will be negatively impacted as the contracts on hand at 
the end of 2008 are redeemed, unless future net investment returns exceed the impact of selling price increases.

InvoCare monitors the asset allocations and investment performance at least quarterly and makes representations where possible 
to those in control of the trusts to mitigate price risks and enhance the returns which will ultimately impact InvoCare’s future results. 
Despite the number of new funeral contracts exceeding redemptions, the volatile capital and financial markets have resulted in negative 
returns over the last year, as shown below. pleasingly, the returns have remained above benchmark.

31 December 
2008 

31 December 
2007 

Change 
$ or %

prepaid funds under management 

$237m 

$272m 

($35m)

asset allocation
Australian equities 
International equities 
property 
Fixed interest 
Cash 

Gross annual returns for all fund assets *
one year ended 
three years ended 
Five years ended 
Seven years ended 

28.4% 
1.6% 
1.1% 
10.1% 
58.8% 

(14.1%) 
4.0% 
8.6% 
6.8% 

56.9% 
1.8% 
4.7% 
20.5% 
16.1% 

11.9% 
14.4% 
13.5% 
10.2% 

(28.5%)
(0.2%)
(3.6%)
(10.4%)
42.7%

(26.0%)
(10.4%)
(4.9%)
(3.4%)

* Excludes investment management and administration fees (currently 1.6%)

With the funds held in trust for relatively long periods (because contracts are redeemed over approximately 15 years), investment 
strategies take a long-term view for those trusts not restricted to more conservative, capital guaranteed assets. Historically, equities have 
provided the best long-term returns and consequently, until recently, there has been an asset allocation bias to equities. However, over 
the last 18 months, the unprecedented global financial crisis has seen significant declines in equity market values, as well as falling cash 
interest rates.

to mitigate and lessen exposure to further value erosion of the invested funds, in August 2008 the fund manager of the largest portion 
(approximately 75%) of prepaid funeral fund assets shifted $58 million from equities and property into cash and fixed term deposits. 
With the benefit of hindsight, it is estimated that this tactical tilt from equities saved approximately $15 million in further value declines 
over the period to 31 December 2008. Since 31 December 2008, a further $23 million was shifted from equities into term deposits.

After the above asset reallocations, InvoCare estimates Australian equity investments had reduced to approximately 17% of total prepaid 
funds under management. the long-term investment strategies remain unchanged. the tactical short-term asset reallocations from 
equities to fixed term deposits provide certainty of positive returns for the near future, as opposed to volatile and generally negative equity 
returns, and protect InvoCare’s future sales and operating margin when the prepaid services are performed. With varying maturity dates 
during 2009, the maturing term deposits may be redirected into equity markets when there is an observed and sustained recovery in 
those markets.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group financial and operational review continued

other ratIo analysIs For 
InFormatIon
InvoCare’s management across all operations uses various 
financial and non-financial key performance indicators in 
monitoring the results and position of the Group and its various 
businesses. these measures may include, but are not limited to, 
areas such as the following:

–  Customer surveys

–  numbers of services performed

–  Market share

–  Average selling prices

–  Delivery timeframes of preneed memorials

–  Ratio of prepaid contracts sold to contracts redeemed

–  prepaid fund asset allocations and investment returns

–  Brand awareness surveys

–  Days sales in receivable

–  Cash flows

–  Debt service costs and covenant ratios

–  operating margin percentages

– 

– 

effective income tax rates

employee learning and development

–  Workers’s compensation claims and costs

– 

lost time injury rates and return to work statistics.

Several key financial ratios relating to the Group as a whole which may be useful to investors are presented in the table below. 
the adoption of AIFRS resulted in some transitional accounting adjustments which precludes meaningful calculations for some of 
these ratios for the 2004 year.

Ratio 

operating margin on sales 
Income tax rate 
Dividend payout ratios: 
– ordinary dividends 
– Special dividend 
– total dividend payout ratio 
Return on equity 
Return on assets 
Gearing 
leverage 
net interest cover 
Asset replacement 

Calculation 

eBItDA/Sales 
tax expense/pBt 
Dividend/pAt 

pAt/Average equity 
eBIt/Average total assets 
net debt/equity 
net debt/eBItDA 
eBIt/net interest 
Capital expenditure/ 
Depreciation and amortisation 

% 
% 

% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
% 
x 
x 

x 

2008 

25.3 
27.5 

84.3 
– 
84.3 
45.5 
15.4 
241.7 
2.5 
4.0 

2007 

26.3 
29.8 

81.8 
– 
81.8 
51.8 
15.8 
240.7 
2.5 
4.4 

2006 

25.6 
30.2 

79.8 
– 
79.8 
65.4 
15.4 
315.7 
3.0 
4.4 

2005 

25.7 
30.4 

79.4 
50.5 
129.9 
68.1 
15.3 
493.4 
3.0 
3.4 

2004

24.8
31.2

76.0
–
76.0
n/a
n/a
410.3
3.0
3.5

1.7 

1.9 

1.2 

1.1 

0.6

26

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2009 outlook and beyond
preliminary sales for the first quarter of 2009 were $58.5 million, 
7.7% above the corresponding first quarter of 2008. the number 
of funerals performed in Australia was 4.4% higher than 2008, 
and on a comparable basis 2.7% higher. prepaid funeral fund 
contributions, as expected, have remained lower than 2008 
and reduced sales and margins for the quarter by $0.3 million 
compared to $0.3 million increase in the first quarter of 2008. 
After net deferred revenue adjustments, overall cemeteries and 
crematoria sales were 0.5% lower in the quarter.

the Group’s performance is significantly dependent upon the 
number of deaths. long-term actuarial trend predictions indicate 
the number of deaths will increase as the population ages, but 
in any one year the actual number may vary above or below 
the trend.

InvoCare’s results are also impacted by monies received from 
off balance sheet trusts upon delivery of prepaid services. 
the long-term investment strategy for these prepaid funds includes 
an asset allocation bias to equities, which historically has given 
the best long-term investment returns. However, equity values 
have declined significantly in the global financial crisis, impacting 
InvoCare’s results. A tactical tilt away from equities has been made 
to mitigate the short-term impacts.

Furthermore, another factor impacting results notably in the 
second half of 2008 was discretionary cemeteries and crematoria 
memorial purchases by family customers appeared to have been 
delayed or scaled down in the weaker economic conditions. 
this trend is expected to continue into 2009 but can be partly 
mitigated by acceleration of delivery of prepaid memorials to 
enable recognition of previously deferred revenue.

InvoCare remains well positioned as the market leader in Australia 
and Singapore. With a solid and proven business model and sound 
financial fundamentals supporting it, InvoCare can continue to 
grow from its profit drivers:

1. Organically:
– 

investing in our people and their development;

– 

– 

– 

– 

enhancing service offerings to our client families;

annually increasing prices at least equal to CpI;

benefiting from an increasing number of deaths, which the 
ABS has estimated to rise beyond 1.5% p.a. from 2011, 
growing progressively to a rate of 2.7% around 2030 before 
steadily declining to around 1.0% again in the mid 2050s;

opening new locations and leveraging brands to grow 
market share;

–  monitoring asset performance, including investing in facility 
upgrades and refurbishments or divesting non-performing/
non-strategic assets;

– 

– 

increasing the memorialisation rate in the cemeteries and 
crematoria by focusing on service and product offerings; and

continued capital management, which is dependent upon 
trading and economic conditions, as well as acquisition/
expansion opportunities and capital expenditure.

2. Acquisitions:
– 

pursuing acquisition opportunities to improve existing market 
share; and

– 

entering new domestic or international markets; for example, 
by acquisition, joint venture or greenfield operations, subject to 
sound business cases and not materially affecting our overall 
low risk profile.

3. Prepaid funds:
– 

growing the value of prepaid funds under management;

–  writing more new prepaid contracts than contracts performed;

– 

– 

optimising fund asset allocations and returns; and

ensuring that the annual net return on invested funds is greater 
than annual price increases to deliver incremental margin 
expansion.

4. Operating leverage:
–  maintaining suitable, but not excessive, operating capacity to 
absorb the immediate demands from increased volumes;

– 

– 

continuing to contain and manage operating expenses, 
in particular payroll related costs; and

achieving efficiencies through the pooling of labour, 
vehicles and back office functions, in particular as new 
business acquisitions are integrated and new funeral home 
locations mature.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

27

F inancial Report

invocare limited and  
controlled entities

Financial report  
For the financial year ended 
31 december 2008

the financial report covers both the separate financial statements of 
InvoCare limited as an individual entity and the consolidated financial 
statements for the consolidated entity consisting of InvoCare limited and its 
subsidiaries. the financial report is presented in the Australian currency.

InvoCare limited (ABn 42 096 437 393) is a company limited by shares, 
incorporated and domiciled in Australia. Its registered office and principal 
place of business is:

level 4, 153 Walker Street 
north Sydney nSW 2060

A description of the nature of the consolidated entity’s operations and its 
principal activities is included in the Directors’ Report.

the financial report was authorised for issue by the directors on 27 March 
2009. the Company has power to amend and reissue the financial report.

through the use of the internet, InvoCare ensures corporate reporting is 
timely, complete, and available globally at minimum cost to the Company. 
All press releases, financial reports and other information are available on 
the Company’s website: www.invocare.com.au. 

28

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

Directors’ report 
Corporate Governance Statement 
remuneration report 
auditor’s Independence  
Declaration 

Financial report 
Income Statements 
Balance Sheets 
Statement of Recognised  
Income and expense 
Cash Flow Statements 
notes to the Financial Statements 
Directors’ Declaration 

Independent audit report 
Shareholder Information 
Corporate Information 

30
34
40

48

49
50

51
52
53
95

96
98
IBC

Income tax expense 

notes to the Financial Statements
note 1  Summary of Significant Accounting policies 
note 2  Financial Risk Management 
note 3  Revenue from Continuing operations 
note 4  expenses 
note 5 
note 6  Key Management personnel Disclosures 
note 7  Share-based payments 
note 8  Remuneration of Auditors 
note 9  Dividends 
note 10  earnings per Share 
note 11  Cash and Cash equivalents 
note 12  trade and other Receivables 
note 13  Inventories 
note 14  Subsidiaries 
note 15  property, plant and equipment 
note 16  Intangible Assets 
note 17  Derivative Financial Instruments 
note 18  trade and other payables 
note 19  Borrowings 
note 20  provisions for employee Benefits 
note 21  Deferred tax Assets and liabilities 
note 22  Contributed equity 
note 23  Reserves and Retained profits 
note 24  Minority Interest 
note 25  Capital and leasing Commitments 
note 26  Business Combinations 
note 27  Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets 
note 28  Segment Reporting 
note 29  Cash Flow Information 
note 30  Deed of Cross Guarantee 
note 31  events After the Balance Sheet Date 
note 32  Related party transactions 
note 33  economic Dependence 
note 34  Critical Accounting estimates and Judgements 
note 35  Company Details 
note 36  Authorisation of the Financial Report 

53
59
66
67
68
69
70
72
73
73
74
74
75
75
76
78
79
79
80
80
81
82
83
84
85
85
89
89
90
91
93
93
93
94
94
94

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

29

Directors’ Report

the directors submit their report on the consolidated entity 
consisting of InvoCare limited (the “Company”) and the entities it 
controlled for the year ended 31 December 2008. InvoCare limited 
and its controlled entities together are referred to as “InvoCare”, the 
“Group” or the “consolidated entity” in this Directors’ Report.

Directors
unless indicated otherwise, the following persons were directors of 
InvoCare limited during the whole of the financial year and until the 
date of this report:

Ian Ferrier 
Richard Davis (resigned 31 December 2008) 
Andrew Smith (appointed 1 January 2009) 
Christine Clifton 
Roger penman 
Benjamin Chow 
Richard Fisher

Principal activities
the Group is a leading private provider of services to the funeral 
industry in Australia and Singapore. there were no significant 
changes in the nature of these activities during the year.

Significant changes in the state of affairs 
there have been no significant changes in the state of the Group’s 
affairs during the financial year.

Operating results
the consolidated profit of the consolidated entity after providing 
for income tax and eliminating minority interest was $28,026,000 
(2007: $27,554,000).

Dividends
Dividends to ordinary shareholders of the Company have been paid or declared as follows:

Interim ordinary dividend of 10.5 cents
(2007: 10.0 cents) per fully paid share paid on 10 october 2008 

Final ordinary dividend of 13.0 cents (2007: 12.5 cents) per fully paid share 
declared by directors on 19 February 2009 to be paid on 9 April 2009 

total ordinary dividends of 23.5 cents (2007: 22.5 cents) 

All dividends are fully franked at the company tax rate of 30%.

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000

10,530 

9,991

13,104 

23,634 

12,536

22,527

the Dividend Reinvestment plan (DRp), first activated for the 2006 interim dividend, was available for the 2008 interim dividend and 
$7,846,540 (2007: $7,535,955) was paid in cash and $2,683,636 (2007: $2,454,864) through the issue of 512,114 (2007: 379,139) shares  
at $5.24 (2007: $6.47) per share via the DRp. the shortfall in the DRp take-up was not underwritten nor were DRp shares issued at a 
discount to the market price for dividends paid in 2008 and 2007.

the Dividend Reinvestment plan will apply to the final 2008 dividend which is not being underwritten and no discount to the market price  
will apply.

Review of operations
Results highlights:

Sales revenue
Funerals
  Comparable Australian 
  Comparable Singapore 
  Acquired Australian business 

total funerals 

Cemeteries and crematoria 

elimination of intra-group sales 

Total sales to external customers 

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

Change

$’000 

%

174,178 
8,373 
9,767 

163,373 
7,383 
2,479 

192,318 

173,235 

58,453 

(6,556) 

57,295 

(6,612) 

10,805 
990 
7,288 

19,083 

1,158 

56 

244,215 

223,918 

20,297 

6.6%
13.4%
294.0%

11.0%

2.0%

-0.8%

9.1%

5.0%

-1.0%
1.7%

operating eBITDa 
(excluding net asset sale gains and net impairment of non-current assets)   
operating margin 
net profit after tax attributable to InvoCare Limited shareholders 

61,875 

58,935 

2,940 

25.3% 
28,026 

26.3% 
27,554 

472 

ePS
Basic earnings per share 

30

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

28.0 cents 

27.6 cents 

0.4 cents 

1.4%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales revenue grew 9.1% or $20.3 million to $244.2 million, driven 
by volume and price. Service volumes were higher, with the 
number of Australian deaths remaining above the long-term growth 
trend, and acquired businesses and new locations contributing 
to increased market share. the continued downturn in equity 
markets reduced the surplus contribution from redeemed prepaid 
funeral funds by $2.6 million which negatively impacted sales and 
operating margins.

the number of deaths in the Australian funeral markets in which 
InvoCare operates increased by an estimated 2.1% in 2008, 
compared to the 4.4% estimated for the year to 31 December 
2007. Whilst the increase is lower than the previous year, the 
estimated number of deaths was above the trend of approximately 
1% increase per year over the last 20 years. the average selling 
price per funeral service in comparable Australian funeral homes 
increased by 4.6%, a reduction from the previous year’s 5.3% 
increase due to the mix of where the deaths occurred.

Australian funeral business acquisitions since 1 January 2007, 
being liberty Funerals (Sydney nSW, March 2007), Chippers 
(WA, December 2007), Christian Funerals (perth WA, August 2008) 
and Southern Cross Funerals (Melbourne VIC, october 2008) 
contributed $7.3 million to the growth in funeral sales revenue. 
All acquisitions are performing well and meeting expectations.

nine new funeral home locations were opened in 2008, taking the 
total number of InvoCare funeral home locations across Australia  
to 162. the new location strategy continues to improve the 
penetration of InvoCare’s key brands in existing and new markets.

InvoCare’s overall share of the Australian funeral markets in which it 
operates has increased by an estimated 1.7% since 31 December 
2007, due primarily to the impact of new acquisitions, in particular 
Chippers and Christian Funerals in Western Australia. excluding 
the acquisitions, InvoCare estimates its share of comparable 
markets increased by 0.4%.

Cemeteries and crematoria sales revenue was adversely impacted 
by reduced memorial contract numbers and average prices, 
particularly in the second half of the year as economic conditions 
worsened, and by a small market share loss in the Sydney region, 
due to Rookwood Crematorium operating at less than full capacity 
following a fire in July 2008. these impacts were mitigated by 
increased numbers and average prices of burials and cremations 
and stepped up memorial construction activity to deliver previously 
deferred memorial revenue.

operating costs generally increased slightly more than the growth 
in revenues.

operating eBItDA (i.e. earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, 
amortisation and net gains or losses on asset sales and 
impairment) improved by $2.9 million or 5.0% to $61.9 million. 
excluding the impact of the prepaid surplus from both years, 
operating eBItDA would have improved by $5.6 million or 10.0%.

Comparable (i.e. excluding new acquisitions) operating eBItDA 
increased by $1.3 million or 2.3% to $59.8 million. excluding the 
prepaid surplus, operating eBItDA would have improved by 
$4.0 million or 7.2%.

operating cash flows were $2.1 million lower than the 
corresponding year, primarily due to the decline in prepaid surplus. 
Consistent with previous years there was strong conversion of 
operating eBItDA to cash.

Following the good result, a fully franked final dividend of 13.0 
cents per share (2007: 12.5 cents per share) has been declared, 
taking the total ordinary dividends for 2008 to 23.5 cents, a 4.4% 
increase on 2007 (22.5 cents). the dividend payout ratio for the 
year was 84.3% (2007: 81.8%).

Significant events after the balance date
there have been no significant events occurring after balance 
date which have significantly affected or may significantly affect 
either InvoCare’s operations or the results of those operations or 
InvoCare’s state of affairs in future financial years.

Future developments and results
InvoCare continues to pursue growth through acquisitions, new 
locations, investing in existing locations, ongoing operational 
improvements and favourable demographic changes. 

the Group’s performance is significantly dependent upon the 
number of deaths increasing in line with actuarial trend predictions 
in the markets in which InvoCare operates. In addition, results are 
impacted when monies are received from off balance sheet trusts 
upon delivery of prepaid services, in particular where the values  
of the assets in those trusts fluctuate depending on the asset 
allocations and investment earnings. Although there is a long-
term investment strategy bias to equities, in the current global 
financial crisis the short-term bias strongly favours cash and fixed 
interest securities.

With the prevailing economic climate, plans for continued capital 
expenditure and the potential opportunities for further business 
acquisitions, no major capital management initiatives are planned 
for 2009. InvoCare is well positioned with its total $180 million 
existing bi-lateral, unsecured bank borrowing facilities in place until 
January 2011. Drawings on these facilities at the end of 2008  
were $158.9 million, leaving $21.1 million headroom, and banking 
covenants were comfortably satisfied. Capital management is  
a constant focus and preparations for debt refinancing have 
commenced with negotiations expected in late 2009 or early 2010.

Further information on likely developments in the operations of 
the consolidated entity and the expected results of operations 
have not been included in this report because the directors 
believe it would be likely to result in unreasonable prejudice to the 
consolidated entity.

Environmental regulation and performance
InvoCare is committed to the protection of the environment, the 
health and safety of its employees, customers and the general 
public, as well as compliance with all applicable environmental 
laws, rules and regulations in the jurisdictions in which the 
consolidated entity operates its business. the consolidated entity 
is subject to environmental regulation in respect of its operations, 
including some regulations covering the disposal of mortuary  
and pathological waste and the storage of hazardous materials. 
InvoCare has appropriate risk management systems in place at 
its locations.

there have been no claims during the year and the directors 
believe InvoCare has complied with all relevant environmental 
regulations and holds all relevant licences.

Information on directors
Details of the directors’ qualifications and experience are set out on 
the following pages.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

31

Directors’ Report continued

Board of Directors

mr ian ferrier am fca
Chairman of the Board 
Chairman of remuneration Committee 
Chairman of nomination Committee 
Member of risk Committee

Ian has held the position of Chairman of InvoCare limited since 
2001. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in 
Australia. Ian has had over 45 years of experience in company 
corporate recovery and turnaround practice. He is also a director 
of a number of private and public companies. Ian is currently 
Chairman of InvoCare limited, Goodman limited and Australian 
Vintage limited and a director of energy one limited and Reckon 
Group limited. He has significant experience in turnaround 
management, property and development, tourism, manufacturing, 
retail, hospitality and hotels, infrastructure and aviation and 
service industries.

Other Public Company Directorships held in the last three years
Australian oil Company limited (appointed May, 2005: retired 
December, 2008) 
Australian Vintage limited (appointed november, 1991) 
energy one limited (appointed november, 1996) 
Goodman Group (appointed September, 2003) 
Reckon limited (appointed August, 2004)

mr richard Davis bec
Chief executive officer (until 31 December 2008)

Richard has worked in the funeral industry since 1989, initially 
as Chief Financial officer and then Chief executive officer of 
businesses which are now part of the InvoCare Group. He held 
the position of Chief executive officer of InvoCare limited from 
1995 to 31 December 2008 when he resigned as director and 
Chief executive officer. For the immediate future and to provide 
transitional assistance, he has retained directorships on a number 
of InvoCare controlled subsidiaries including Singapore Casket 
Company (private) limited. Richard resigned as a director of 
over Fifty Guardian Friendly Society limited on 24 March 2009. 
prior to joining the funeral industry, Richard worked in venture 
capital and as an accounting partner of Bird Cameron. Richard 
holds a Bachelor of economics from the university of Sydney.

mr andrew smith bcom mba ca
Chief executive officer (from 1 January 2009)

Andrew joined InvoCare in January 2006 as Chief Financial officer 
and was promoted to Chief operating officer in March 2007. 
on 1 January 2009, Andrew was promoted to Chief executive 
officer and Managing Director. prior to joining InvoCare Andrew 
held the position of Chief Financial officer with Brazin limited 
and previously orotonGroup limited. Andrew was also Financial 
Controller for Sales & Marketing at a major international fast 
moving consumer goods company, an Internal Audit Manager 
for a global insurance company and an Audit Senior at KpMG. 
Andrew was appointed as a director of over Fifty Guardian 
Friendly Society limited on 24 March 2009. He holds a Bachelor 
of Commerce from the university of Queensland, a Master of 
Business Administration from the university of new england and 
is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia.

Dr christine (tina) clifton mb bs (hons) bha
non-executive Director 
Chairman of risk Committee 
Member of audit Committee 
Member of nomination Committee

tina Clifton is a registered medical practitioner. tina has been a 
director of InvoCare limited since october 2003 and her other 
current directorships include the Hospitals Contribution Fund of 
Australia limited (HCF) and Healthcare Australia. She is also a 
Councillor of the university of new South Wales. prior to 2001, 
tina held various positions in the public and private healthcare 
sectors including Chief executive officer of the Sisters of Charity 
Health Service in new South Wales and deputy Chief executive 
officer of the northern Sydney Area Health Service. From 1980 
to 1988 tina was a general practitioner. tina holds degrees in 
medicine and health administration and obtained a specialist 
qualification in medical administration.

Other Public Company Directorships held in the last three years
Diversa limited (formerly Ambri limited) (appointed August, 2001: 
resigned December, 2006)

32

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

Top to bottom, left to right: Ian Ferrier, 
Richard Davis, Andrew Smith,  
Tina Clifton, Roger Penman,  
Benjamin Chow and Richard Fisher.

mr roger Penman bec fca ftia
non-executive Director 
Chairman of audit Committee 
Member of remuneration Committee 
Member of nomination Committee

Roger penman was appointed as a director of InvoCare limited in 
January 2005 and commenced his roles on the Audit Committee 
and Remuneration Committee in February 2005. Roger has been 
a principal of WHK Horwath Sydney since 1986. He is a Fellow of 
the Institute of Chartered Accountants and the taxation Institute of 
Australia with over 30 years tax consulting and general business 
experience. Roger has extensive experience with mergers, 
acquisitions, complex taxation and other tax issues. He is also 
a specialist adviser to many professional practices on tax, 
accounting and general business matters.

mr benjamin chow ao be
non-executive Director 
Member of risk Committee 
Member of nomination Committee

Benjamin Chow was appointed as a director of InvoCare limited 
in February 2007 and became a member of the Risk Committee 
and the nomination Committee at the same time. Benjamin has 
worked continuously in the land development industry both in 
Australia and South east Asia since 1968, having emmigrated 
to Australia in 1962. He chaired the Council for Multicultural 
Australia which assists the Australian Government implement its 
multicultural policies. He has previously served as president of 
Australian Chinese Community Association of nSW, president 
of Chinese Australian Forum of nSW and Vice-president of the 
ethnic Communities Council of nSW. He is a member of the 
Council of national Museum of Australia, a member of the Bond 
university Council, president of Sydney university nerve Research 
Foundation, a trustee of Australian Chinese Charity Foundation 
and a Director of Chain Reaction Foundation ltd.

mr richard fisher am mec llb
non-executive Director 
Member of risk Committee 
Member of audit Committee 
Member of nomination Committee

Richard Fisher is General Counsel to the university of Sydney and 
is an Adjunct professor in its Graduate School of Government. 
Richard is the immediate past Chairman of partners at Blake 
Dawson and specialised in corporate law. He has been a director 
of InvoCare limited since october 2003. Richard is a former part-
time Commissioner at the Australian law Reform Commission and 
is a current International Consultant for the Asian Development 
Bank and Member of the library Council of nSW. Richard holds 
a Master of economics from the university of new england and a 
Bachelor of laws from the university of Sydney.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

33

Directors’ Report continued

Company Secretary

mr Phillip friery bbus ca
phillip Friery was appointed Company Secretary in January 
2007 and Chief Financial officer in March 2007. He joined the 
consolidated entity in 1994 as Accounting Manager initially 
responsible for financial reporting and taxation, and over 
subsequent years assumed responsibility for information systems, 
treasury, management accounting, internal audit and capital 
management. prior to joining the consolidated entity, phillip spent 
approximately 19 years with Coopers & lybrand (before its merger 
with price Waterhouse) in external audit, technical advisory and 
financial management consulting roles. phillip joined the board of 
over Fifty Guardian Friendly Society limited on 24 March 2009. 
He holds a Bachelor of Business from the new South Wales 
Institute of technology (now university of technology Sydney) and 
is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia.

Meetings of directors
Details of the meetings attended by each director during the 
year ended 31 December 2008 are set out in the Corporate 
Governance Statement on page 36.

Retirement, election and continuation in office of directors
In accordance with the Constitution of InvoCare limited, at 
each Annual General Meeting the following directors must retire 
from office:

– 

– 

– 

one-third (or a number nearest one-third) of the number 
of directors, excluding from the number of directors the 
Managing Director (i.e. the Chief executive officer), who is 
exempt from retirement by rotation, and any other director 
appointed by the directors either to fill a casual vacancy or 
as an addition to the existing directors; and

any other director who has held office for three years or more 
since last being elected; and

any other director appointed to fill a casual vacancy or as an 
addition to the existing directors.

Ian Ferrier and Richard Fisher will retire by rotation as directors at 
the Annual General Meeting and, being eligible, offer themselves 
for re-election.

Corporate governance
the Directors’ Report continues on this page with the start of the 
Corporate Governance Statement.

34

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

Corporate Governance 
Statement

InvoCare limited (the “Company”) and the Board of Directors 
(the “Board”) are committed to achieving and demonstrating the 
highest standards of corporate governance. the Company and 
its controlled entities together are referred to as “InvoCare” or the 
“Group” in this statement.

this statement outlines the main corporate governance practices 
in place throughout the financial year, which comply with the ASX 
Corporate Governance Council’s principles and recommendations 
as issued in August 2007, unless otherwise stated. effective from 
the end of the financial year, Richard Davis ceased to be Chief 
executive officer and was replaced by Andrew Smith who was 
Chief operating officer for the duration of the financial year. As at 
the date of this report the position of Chief operating officer is 
vacant with the role currently being shared among a number of 
senior executives.

For further information on the corporate governance policies 
adopted by InvoCare limited, refer to the Company’s website: 
www.invocare.com.au

PrinciPle 1 - lay solId 
FoundatIons For management 
and oversIght

Functions of the Board and senior executives
the Board of InvoCare limited is responsible for guiding and 
monitoring the Group on behalf of the shareholders by whom they 
are elected and to whom they are accountable.

the Board seeks to identify the expectations of the shareholders, 
as well as other regulatory and ethical expectations and 
obligations. In addition, the Board is responsible for identifying 
areas of significant business risk and ensuring arrangements are in 
place to adequately manage those risks.

the responsibility for the operation and administration of the 
Group, including day to day management of the Group’s affairs 
and the implementation of the corporate strategy and policy 
initiatives, is delegated by the Board to the Chief executive officer 
(the “Ceo”) and senior executives, being the Chief operating 
officer (the “Coo”) and the Chief Financial officer (the “CFo”), 
and other management. Delegations are set out in the Group’s 
delegations policy and are reviewed regularly. Delegations, within 
defined authority limits, relate to various operational functions 
including areas such as expenditure and commitments, employee 
matters (e.g. recruitment, termination, remuneration, discipline, 
training, development, health and safety, etc), pricing, branding, 
investor and media communications. the Board ensures that the 
senior executives and the management team are appropriately 
qualified and experienced to discharge their responsibilities and 
has in place procedures to assess the performance of the Ceo 
and the senior executives.

PrinciPle 2 – struCture the 
board to add value

Board composition
the Board currently comprises six directors, being five non-
executive directors (including the Chairman) and one executive 
director, being the Ceo. Any director appointed to fill a casual 
vacancy, except for the Ceo, must stand for election by 
shareholders at the next Annual General Meeting. In addition,  
one-third of the non-executive directors, and any other director 
who has held office for three years or more since last being 
elected, must retire from office and, if eligible, may stand for 
re-election. the Ceo is exempt from retirement by rotation and 
is not counted in determining the number of directors to retire 
by rotation.

the majority of the Board must be independent directors, one of 
whom is the Chairman. A director is deemed to be “independent” 
if independent of management and free of any business or other 
relationship that could materially interfere with, or could reasonably 
be perceived to materially interfere with, the exercise of unfettered 
and independent judgement. 

the Board has assessed, using the criteria set out in the ASX 
Corporate Governance principles and Recommendations, the 
independence of non-executive directors in light of their interests 
and relationships and considers them all to be independent. 
the Company will provide immediate notification to the market 
where the independence status of a director changes.

the skills, experience and expertise relevant to the position of each 
director and their term of office are set out starting on page 32 of 
the Directors’ Report.

In deciding which functions and activities the Board reserves to 
itself it is guided by the overarching principle that the Board is 
charged with strategic responsibility, along with a management 
oversight function, and that the executive management have an 
implementation function. In fulfilling these functions, the directors 
seek to enhance shareholder value and protect the interests 
of stakeholders.

All Board members have formal letters of appointment which 
clearly articulate the roles, responsibilities, expectations and 
remuneration of directors. 

All employees, including the Ceo and senior executives, have 
formal job descriptions. the level of seniority of the role determines 
whether a formally drafted contract of employment or a less 
complex letter of appointment is used to confirm employment. 
Regardless of type all employment agreements clearly articulate 
duties and responsibilities but also rights and expectations. 
Standard letters of appointment were last reviewed and updated  
in 2007 and used for all appointments since that time.

the Board Charter is available on the Company’s website:  
www.invocare.com.au

Senior executive evaluation
After the conclusion of each financial year the Ceo evaluates 
and documents the performance of his direct reports, being the 
Coo and CFo. the results of this evaluation are reviewed by the 
Remuneration Committee with specific focus on achievements 
against targeted key performance indicators. Also at this time, key 
performance indicator targets for the ensuing year are established. 
the Remuneration Committee and the Board also review and 
determine the Coo and CFo remuneration for the ensuing year.

the Remuneration Committee evaluates the performance of the 
Ceo against annual key performance indicators and reports to 
the Board its recommendations on performance appraisal and 
remuneration.

In addition to a review of monthly financial results, at least 
quarterly the Board monitors the key performance indicators 
for the Group which provides the opportunity to more regularly 
evaluate the performance of senior executives outside the annual 
review process.

When appointed, all new senior executives receive an induction 
appropriate to their experience, which is designed to ensure 
they can quickly and effectively participate in decision making. 
the programme is also designed to ensure that the executive 
gains a good working knowledge of both the industry and the 
Group covering the financial position, strategies and operations. 
this induction programme also focuses on the internal policies 
and procedures with a particular emphasis on the respective roles 
of the Board and its committees and those functions delegated 
to management.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

35

Directors’ Report continued

Corporate Governance Statement  
continued

Meetings of directors
During the year ended 31 December 2008, the number of meetings of the Board of Directors and of each Board Committee and  
the number of meetings attended by each of the directors are as follows:

Board 

Audit 
Committee 

Remuneration 
Committee 

Risk 
Committee 

nomination 
Committee

A 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

Chair 

B 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

A 

B 

A 

2* 

5 

5 

Member 

Chair 

3* 

5 

Member 

5* 

– 

5 

5 

– 

5 

– 

Chair 

7 

5* 

Member 

7 

5* 

5* 

3* 

B 

7 

– 

7 

– 

- 

- 

A 

4 

Member 

Chair 

4 

2* 

4 

4 

Member 

Member 

4* 

B 

4 

4 

– 

4 

4 

– 

A 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Chair

Member

Member

Member

Member

1* 

B

1

1

1

1

1

–

Independent
Ian Ferrier 

Christine Clifton 

Roger penman 

Benjamin Chow 

Richard Fisher 

executive
Richard Davis 

A = number of meetings attended.
B = number of meetings held during the time the director held office or was a member of the committee during the year.
* = includes meetings attended as an invited guest of the committee where the director was not a member of the relevant committee.

the quorum for the Board and Board Committees is two, both of 
whom must be independent directors. Board Committees consist  
entirely of independent non-executive directors. the Ceo may 
attend all Board Committee meetings by invitation and the Coo 
and CFo attend Board and Committee meetings by invitation.

Directors’ performance evaluation
the Board, through its nomination Committee, undertakes an 
annual performance review of the full Board, its Committees and 
of the Chairman. the Chairman performs individual appraisals of 
each director.

Nomination committee
the nomination Committee critically reviews on an annual basis 
the corporate governance procedures of the Group and the 
composition and effectiveness of the Board.

the Committee currently consists of the five independent non-
executive directors of the Board whose skills and experience 
cover finance and accounting, taxation, law, medicine and health 
administration, property development and community service with 
an emphasis on multiculturalism. the Committee is chaired by 
Ian Ferrier. the Committee believes that the Board has a healthy 
mix of skills to ensure the ongoing development and growth of 
the Group.

In addition to its role in proposing candidates for director 
appointment for consideration by the Board, the nomination 
Committee reviews and advises the Board in relation to Chief 
executive officer and Board succession planning and advises 
on Board and Committees’ performance.

the Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website: 
www.invocare.com.au

the evaluation process involves an assessment of Board and 
Committee performance by each director completing a confidential 
questionnaire. the questionnaire covers such matters as the 
role of the Board, the composition and structure of the Board 
and Committees, operation of the Board, Group behaviours and 
protocols and performance of the Board and Committees, and 
invites comments from each director.

the results of the questionnaire are aggregated and discussed 
by the Board as a basis for collegiate consideration of Board 
performance and opportunities for enhancement.

the individual appraisals between each director and the Chairman 
provide an opportunity for consideration of individual contributions, 
development plans and issues specific to the director.

performance evaluation reviews were undertaken during 2008.

Directors’ access to independent professional advice and 
company information
to assist in the effective discharge of their duties, directors may, 
in consultation with the Chairman, seek independent legal or 
financial advice on their duties and responsibilities at the expense 
of the Company and, in due course, make all Board members 
aware of both instructions to advisers and the advice obtained. 

36

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All directors have the right of access to all relevant Company 
information and to seek information from the Company Secretary 
and other senior executives. they also have a right to other 
records of the Company subject to these not being sought for 
personal purposes. 

All directors and former directors are entitled to inspect and copy 
the books of the Company for the purposes of legal proceedings 
including situations where the director is a party to proceedings, 
where the director proposes in good faith to bring proceedings 
and where a director has reason to believe proceedings will be 
brought against him or her. In the case of former directors,  
this right of access continues for a period of seven years after  
the person ceases to be a director. 

prior to each Board meeting, the Board is provided with 
management reports and information in a form, timeframe and 
quality that enables them to discharge their duties. If it considers 
this information to be insufficient to support informed decision 
making, then they are entitled to request additional information 
prior to or at Board meetings. 

Directors’ induction 
When appointed to the Board, all new directors receive an 
induction appropriate to their experience, which is designed to 
quickly allow them to participate fully and productively in Board 
decision making. 

the induction programme covers the Group’s structure and goals, 
financial, strategic, operational and risk management positions, 
the rights and duties of a director and the role and operation of the 
Board Committees. the nomination Committee is responsible for 
reviewing the effectiveness of the director induction programme. 
new directors are given an orientation regarding the business 
including corporate governance policies, all other corporate 
policies and procedures, Committee structures and responsibilities 
and reporting procedures.

Directors’ continuing education 
Directors are expected to undertake continuing education both 
as regards the normal discharge of their formal director duties, as 
well as ongoing developments within the Group and its operating 
environment. Directors typically attend courses and seminars 
relevant to the effective discharge of their duties. 

PrinciPle 3 – Promote ethical 
and resPonsible decision 
making

Code of conduct
the Board, in recognition of the importance of ethical and 
responsible decision making, has adopted a Code of Conduct for 
all employees and directors which outlines the standards of ethical 
behaviour and is essential to maintain the trust of all stakeholders 
and the wider community. this code also mandates the avoidance 
of conflicts of interest and requires high standards of personal 
integrity, objectivity and honesty in the dealings of all directors, 
executives and staff, providing detailed guidelines to ensure the 
highest standards are maintained.

InvoCare recognises that its clients may be vulnerable due 
to a recent bereavement and it requires all employees to be 
aware of their ethical and legal responsibilities. Accordingly, 
InvoCare requires all employees to behave according to this 
code, to maintain its reputation as a good corporate citizen. 

Such behaviours extend to areas such as confidentiality, privacy 
Act obligations, communications with the media, occupational 
health and safety and drugs and alcohol.

this code is provided to all directors and employees as part of their 
induction process. It is subject to ongoing review and assessment 
to ensure it continues to be relevant to contemporary conditions.

the code is available on the Company’s website:  
www.invocare.com.au

Share trading policy
the Company’s share trading policy is designed to minimise the 
risk that InvoCare, its directors and its employees will breach the 
insider trading provisions of the Corporations Act or compromise 
confidence in InvoCare’s practices in relation to securities trading. 
the policy prohibits directors and employees from trading in 
InvoCare securities when they are in possession of information not 
generally available to the investment community, and otherwise 
confines the opportunity for directors and employees to trade in 
InvoCare securities to certain limited periods.

this policy applies to all senior staff particularly those, such as 
finance team members, who have access to information which is 
not generally available. In addition, it applies to all the associates 
of these individuals. the policy prohibits trading in the Company’s 
shares except within narrow and specific windows when the Group 
believes the market is fully informed. there are limited procedural 
exceptions to the policy and in certain circumstances the Chairman 
has the ability to approve trading outside the policy prescriptions. 

the share trading policy is available on the Company’s website: 
www.invocare.com.au

PrinciPle 4 – safeguard integrity 
in financial rePorting

Audit committee
the Audit Committee provides assistance to the Board in fulfilling 
its corporate governance, risk management and oversight 
responsibilities in relation to the Group’s financial reporting, 
internal control structure, information management systems, 
interest rate and foreign currency risks and the internal and 
external audit functions.

It is the responsibility of the Committee to maintain free and open 
communication between the Committee, the external auditor, the 
internal auditor and management of the Group. Both the internal 
and external auditors have a direct line of communication to the 
Chairman of the Audit Committee.

the Audit Committee comprises three independent non-executive 
directors and is currently chaired by Roger penman. Mr penman 
is an FCA and brings a wealth of financial and taxation experience 
to the Committee. other members are Christine Clifton and 
Richard Fisher.

the external auditor met with the Audit Committee and the 
Board of Directors twice during the year without management 
being present.

the Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website: 
www.invocare.com.au

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

37

Directors’ Report continued

Corporate Governance Statement  
continued
PrinciPle 5 – make timely and 
balanced disclosure
the Company has appropriate mechanisms in place to ensure all 
investors are provided with material, timely, complete and accurate 
information affecting the Group’s financial position, performance, 
ownership and governance.

the Chairman, Ceo, CFo or Company Secretary are responsible, 
as appropriate, for communication with shareholders and 
Australian Securities exchange (ASX). this includes responsibility 
for ensuring compliance with the continuous disclosure 
requirements in the ASX listing rules and overseeing and 
co-ordinating information disclosure to the ASX, analysts, 
brokers, shareholders, the media and the public. Continuous 
disclosure obligations are well understood and upheld by the 
Board and senior executives. Formal and informal discussion 
and consideration of these obligations occur as and when the 
need arises.

the Group’s shareholder communication strategy is designed to 
ensure that all relevant information, especially market sensitive 
information, is made available to all shareholders and other 
stakeholders as soon as possible. InvoCare’s website is structured 
to ensure information is easily located and logically grouped. 
those shareholders who have made the appropriate election 
receive email notification of all announcements.

the Continuous Disclosure policy and Shareholder Communication 
Strategy are available on the Company’s website:  
www.invocare.com.au

PrinciPle 6 - resPect the rights of 
shareholders
the Board of Directors aims to ensure that the shareholders are 
informed of all major developments affecting the Group’s state 
of affairs.

the Company uses its website to complement the official release 
of material information to the market. Shareholders may elect to 
receive email alerts when Company announcements are made. 
notice of Annual General Meeting, half year and annual results 
announcements and financial reports, investor presentations, 
press releases and other ASX announcements can be found on the 
Company’s website: www.invocare.com.au

the Board encourages full participation of shareholders at the 
Annual General Meeting. the Company’s external auditor attends 
the Annual General Meeting and is available to answer shareholder 
questions about the conduct of the audit and the preparation 
and content of the auditor’s report. the Chairman of the meeting 
encourages shareholders to ask reasonable questions of the 
auditor regarding the audit and auditor’s report. Questions for the 
auditor can be submitted prior to the Annual General Meeting by 
contacting the Company’s registered office.

the next Annual General Meeting is scheduled to be held at 
11.00am on Friday, 22 May 2009 at the Radisson plaza Hotel, 
27 o’Connell Street, Sydney.

Shareholders are also able to direct any questions relating to the 
Company’s securities to the share registry, link Market Services 
limited.

the Shareholder Communication Strategy is available on the 
Company’s website: www.invocare.com.au

PrinciPle 7 – recognise and 
manage risk
the Board, through the Risk Committee and Audit Committee, 
reviews and oversees the Group’s risk management systems. 

Risk committee
the Risk Committee determines the Group’s risk profile and 
is responsible for overseeing and approving risk management 
strategy and policies, internal compliance and internal control. 
the Risk Committee does not have responsibility for strategic 
or financial (including information technology) risk management, 
which is the focus of InvoCare’s Audit Committee.

the Company’s approach to managing risk draws from the 
Australian/new Zealand Standard, and the Committee of 
Sponsoring organisations of the treadway Commission’s 
integrated framework for enterprise Risk Management.

each senior executive, with input and assistance from their direct 
reports, identifies key risks for their areas of responsibility and 
function which are in turn aggregated into an overall corporate 
risk register. Detailed work on this task is delegated to the Group 
Internal Audit Manager. each risk is assessed and assigned an 
inherent risk rating. After considering the impact of management 
controls, a residual risk rating is determined for each risk. the risk 
register is continuously reviewed and maintained as new identified 
risks or incidents occur, or mitigating controls change which 
warrant a reassessment of risk ratings.

extracts of the risk register focusing on the risks with high and very 
high residual ratings are provided to the Risk Committee at each of 
its meetings, together with specific commentary or information on 
significant changes to the risks or the ratings. Specific major risks 
or incidents are reported as and when they occur with the Ceo 
and Coo responsible for escalating these to the Risk Committee 
and Board, where necessary, if the event occurs outside the 
regular cycle of Committee meetings. the Committee is informed 
of the effectiveness of actions to mitigate the impact of risk events. 
By way of example, during 2008 a fire occurred at the Group’s 
Rookwood Crematorium following which the Risk Committee 
obtained management’s assessment of fire risks and controls at 
all the Group’s crematoria. In addition, the Committee considers 
developments or improvements in risk management and controls, 
including the adequacy of insurance programmes. In particular, the 
Committee reviews and monitors the Group’s rolling three-year risk 
management plan which includes targets, timelines and status for 
the management of risks.

Separate records and registers are maintained for other more 
common or recurring risks; for example, arising from customer 
complaints and occupational health and safety issues. these are 
managed and reported to the Committee by relevant in-house 
specialists, including the Group Internal Audit Manager. In this 
context, the Committee monitors complaints handling and also 
has a strong focus on ensuring suitable work practices and 
employee learning and development programmes are developed 
and delivered.

38

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

the Group is finalising a Greenhouse emissions plan for Board 
review which will include any risks and opportunities associated 
with climate change and identify emission reduction targets.  
In the interim, the Company has taken steps to reduce or minimise 
carbon emissions; for example, by progressively replacing its 
older less fuel efficient cremators. Based on measures of carbon 
emissions in 2007, as a base year, InvoCare is well below the 
threshold reporting levels under the National Greenhouse and 
Energy Reporting Act 2007 which is effective from 1 July 2008.

the Risk Committee comprises four independent non-executive 
directors and is currently chaired by Christine Clifton. the other 
members are Ian Ferrier, Richard Fisher and Benjamin Chow.

the Risk Committee Charter is available on the Company’s 
website: www.invocare.com.au

Internal control
the Group maintains a register of delegated authorities which 
are designed to ensure that all transactions are approved at the 
appropriate level of management and by individuals who have no 
conflicts of interest in relation to the transaction.

An internal audit function is established and conducts a series 
of risk-based and routine reviews in accordance with three-
year strategic, and more detailed annual, internal audit plans. 
these plans are based on the existing risk environment and the 
level of inherent risk, i.e. the level of risk before the application of 
controls, in order to effectively identify and prioritise internal audit 
projects. Within the three-year period all key business systems 
and processes are regularly reviewed, either using in-house or 
outsourced resources, to ensure that adequate levels of checks 
and balances exist to safeguard the assets of the Company and 
ensure that all transactions are correctly and promptly recorded.

Internal audit has developed a self-assessment questionnaire 
which is distributed to operational management. this questionnaire 
serves to build higher awareness and understanding of business 
risks and how to manage and control them. In addition, internal 
audit reviews all systems improvements and enhancements prior 
to live implementation to ensure an adequate level of internal 
control and accountability are maintained.

the Group Internal Audit Manager meets privately with the Chair  
of the Risk and Audit Committees without management present on 
a regular basis.

Assurance
prior to finalising the release of half-year and full-year results and 
reports the Board receives assurance from the Ceo and CFo 
in accordance with s295A of the Corporations Act 2001 and 
Recommendation 7.3 of the ASX Corporate Governance principles 
and Recommendations. these assurances also provide the Board 
with information in relation to internal control and other areas of risk 
management. these officers receive similar assurance from the 
key financial and operational staff reporting to them in relation to 
these matters.

PrinciPle 8 – remunerate fairly 
and resPonsibly

Remuneration committee
InvoCare’s remuneration policy ensures that remuneration 
packages properly reflect the person’s duties and responsibilities, 
and that remuneration is competitive in attracting, retaining and 
motivating people of the highest quality.

the Remuneration Committee reviews and makes 
recommendations to the Board on senior executive remuneration 
and appointment and on overall staff remuneration and 
compensation policies.

When making recommendations, the Committee aims to design 
policies that attract and retain the executives needed to run 
InvoCare successfully and to motivate executives to pursue 
appropriate growth strategies while marrying performance 
with remuneration. 

the Remuneration Committee comprises two independent 
non-executive directors, Ian Ferrier who chairs the committee  
and Roger penman. 

the Remuneration Committee Charter is available on the 
Company’s website: www.invocare.com.au

Remuneration structure
Remuneration for senior executives typically comprises a package 
of fixed and performance-based components. the Committee 
may, from time to time, seek advice from special remuneration 
consulting groups so as to ensure that the Board remains informed 
of market trends and practices.

non-executive directors are remunerated by way of directors’ 
fees, which may be sacrificed by payment into superannuation 
plans or by allocation of ordinary shares. they do not participate in 
schemes designed for the remuneration of executives, and do not 
receive retirement benefits, bonus payments or incentive shares.

executive remuneration and other terms of employment are 
reviewed annually by the Committee having regard to personal and 
corporate performance, contribution to long-term growth, relevant 
comparative information and independent expert advice. As well 
as a base salary, remuneration packages include superannuation, 
performance-related bonuses, access by invitation to the Deferred 
employee Share plan and fringe benefits.

the Remuneration Report is set out on pages 40 to 46.

the Directors’ Report continues on the next page with the start of 
the Remuneration Report

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

39

Directors’ Report continued

Remuneration Report

the Remuneration Report summarises the key compensation 
policies for the year ended 31 December 2008, highlights the link 
between remuneration and corporate performance and provides 
detailed information on the compensation for directors and other 
key management personnel.

the Remuneration Report is set out under the following main 
headings:

A.  principles used to Determine the nature and Amount of 

Remuneration

B.  Details of Remuneration

C.  Service Agreements

D.  Share-based Compensation

e.  Additional Information.

the information provided in this Remuneration Report has been 
audited as required by section 308(3C) of the Corporations 
Act 2001.

A. PrinciPles used to determine 
the nature and amount of 
remuneration

Non-executive directors
Policy
the Board’s primary focus is on the long-term strategic direction 
and overall performance of the Group. Accordingly, non-executive 
director remuneration is not targeted to short-term results. 
Fees paid to non-executive directors are determined with the 
assistance of independent external advisers.

the remuneration policy is designed to:

− 

attract and retain competent and suitably qualified 
non-executive directors;

−  motivate non-executive directors to achieve InvoCare’s 

long-term strategic objectives; and

− 

align the interests of non-executive directors with the 
long-term interests of shareholders.

Fee pool and other fees
non-executive directors’ base fees for services as directors are 
determined within an aggregate directors’ fee pool limit, which 
is periodically approved by shareholders. At the date of this 
report, the pool limit is $575,000, being the amount approved by 
shareholders at the Annual General Meeting held on 23 May 2008.

this remuneration is to be divided among the non-executive 
directors in such proportion as the Board determines. During 
the 2008 financial year, annual fees for non-executive directors 
were $150,000 for the Chairman of the Board and $87,500 for 
each of the other four non-executive directors. For the 2009 
financial year, based upon an external review of non-executive 
director compensation which was commissioned by the Board 
Remuneration Committee, the fees are $157,500, for the Chairman 
and $91,875 for each of the other four non-executive directors.

40

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

the base fees exclude any remuneration determined by the 
directors where a director performs additional or special duties 
for the Company. If a director performs additional or special 
duties for the Company, they may be remunerated as determined 
by the directors and that remuneration can be in addition to the 
limit mentioned above. no fees for additional or special duties 
were paid to non-executive directors during the years ended 
31 December 2008 and 31 December 2007.

Directors are entitled to be reimbursed for all reasonable costs  
and expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties 
as directors.

Equity participation
non-executive directors may receive options as part of their 
remuneration, subject only to shareholder approval. no options are 
held by any non-executive director at the date of this report.

non-executive directors may participate in the Company’s Deferred 
employee Share plan on a fee sacrifice basis. no shares have been 
issued or allocated to non-executive directors under the Deferred 
employee Share plan.

During 2008, the Board resolved that with effect from 1 January 
2009, non-executive directors of InvoCare limited be required 
to acquire a minimum equity interest in the Company equivalent 
in value to 50% of their annual director’s fee applying at the 
time of their appointment as a director of the Company and 
that directors be allowed up to three years to accumulate the 
required shareholding. Since the end of the year Benjamin Chow, 
the only non-executive director not holding shares at 31 December 
2008, acquired a parcel of 10,000 shares. Accordingly, at the date 
of this report all non-executive directors have an equity interest in 
the Company. 

Retiring allowances
no retiring allowances are paid to non-executive directors.

Superannuation
Where relevant, fees paid to non-executive directors are 
inclusive of any superannuation guarantee charge and, at the 
discretion of each non-executive director, may be paid into 
superannuation funds.

Executive directors and management

Policy
the guiding principle underlying InvoCare’s executive remuneration 
philosophy is to ensure rewards are fair and reasonable, having 
regard to both internal and external relativities, and appropriately 
balanced between fixed and variable components and that all 
variable components are commensurate with performance and 
results delivered.

InvoCare’s remuneration policy is that:

− 

− 

− 

for each role, the balance between fixed and variable 
components should reflect market conditions;

individual objectives should reflect the need for sustainable 
outcomes;

all variable pay should be tightly linked to measurable personal 
and business group performance; and

− 

total compensation should be market competitive.

effective from the end of the financial year, Richard Davis ceased to 
be Chief executive officer and was replaced by Andrew Smith who 
was Chief operating officer for the duration of the financial year. 

As at the date of this report the position of Chief operating officer 
is vacant with the role currently being shared among a number 
of senior executives. Despite this current situation, the executive 
directors and management remuneration principles and processes 
outlined in this report were applied during the financial year and 
are expected to generally apply in 2009, albeit the role of Chief 
operating officer may be shared during the remainder of 2009.

Approval
the Board Remuneration Committee makes recommendations to 
the Board of Directors in relation to the remuneration of the Chief 
executive officer (Ceo).

the Ceo recommends, and the Remuneration Committee reviews 
for the approval of the Board of Directors, remuneration of all other 
key management personnel within a defined budget, approved by 
the Board of Directors.

the key management personnel determine the remuneration of 
other senior management, within a defined budget approved by 
the Board of Directors.

Remuneration structure 
InvoCare’s compensation structure aims to provide a balance of 
fixed and variable remuneration components. Variable components 
are tied to the performance of the Group and the individual and are 
entirely at risk.

the compensation of the Chief executive officer and other key 
management personnel and other staff members is comprised of 
payments and/or allocations under the following categories:

− 

short-term employee benefits which include cash salary 
(fixed), short-term cash bonuses (variable), annual leave (fixed), 
non-monetary benefits (fixed) and other incidental benefits 
(fixed);

−  post employment benefits comprising superannuation 

contributions (fixed);

− 

− 

long-term employee benefits including incentives (variable) and 
long service leave (fixed); and

termination benefits as defined in individual employment 
contracts and as required by law (fixed).

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits comprise:
Cash salary – executives are offered a market competitive base 
cash salary. the cash salary is reviewed on a regular basis 
against market data for comparable positions provided by 
independent remuneration consultants and selected survey data. 
Adjustments to base salary are made based on increases in role 
scope or responsibility, pay position relative to market and relative 
performance in the role.

Short-term bonuses – short-term incentives (StI) are awarded 
for achievement of pre-determined financial and non-financial 
objectives. For key management personnel, the target criteria and 
possible bonus levels are defined each year by the non-executive 
directors and the Remuneration Committee. For other executives, 
the key management personnel determine the objectives and 
reward levels within the constraints of a Board approved budget.

– 

each executive has a target StI opportunity depending on 
the accountabilities of the role and impact on performance. 
For example, amongst the range of mainly quantitative 
financial performance measures are eBItDA targets, income 
accretion targets, operating cost control targets, debt 
cost reduction targets, qualitative measures of customer 
satisfaction, debtor days outstanding targets and other 

key strategic non-financial measures linked to drivers of 
performance in future reporting periods.

– 

– 

– 

the target criteria for key management personnel are more 
heavily weighted to overall Group financial performance 
(e.g. eBItDA). thus, the variable reward is only available when 
value has been created for shareholders and when profit is 
consistent with the business plan.

the base target StI opportunity varies for each executive, but 
is generally no higher than 50% of base cash salary, except 
for certain sales related staff where a greater portion of their 
compensation is at risk, being more weighted to achievement 
of sales targets.

the bonuses are generally payable in the first quarter of each 
year, based on performance for the previous year ended 
31 December.

Non-monetary benefits – include provision of fully maintained cars 
and car parking spaces.

Other incidental benefits:

– 

payment of death and total and permanent disablement and 
salary continuance insurance premiums for senior executive 
staff; and

– 

nominal discounts for funerals of immediate family members.

Post employment benefits
InvoCare provides retirement and superannuation benefits for its 
employees, including senior executives, through the InvoCare 
Australia pty limited Superannuation Fund or a complying 
superannuation plan at the choice of the employee. the InvoCare 
Australia pty limited Superannuation Fund provides accumulation 
benefits based on employer and employee contributions and plan 
earnings.

Long-term employee benefits
InvoCare’s long-term incentive policy aims to create a balance 
between corporate performance and retention of key executives.

prior to the Initial public offering of InvoCare, equity compensation 
in the form of share options had been provided to selected 
executives. no further options have been issued. Details are set 
out on page 45 under “Share-based Compensation – options”.

During 2007, a share-based compensation scheme, the InvoCare 
Deferred employee Share plan, was introduced under which the 
Board may offer selected senior executives and other managers 
incentive shares (“ltI shares”) for no consideration but subject to 
performance and/or continuous service conditions. If employment 
is terminated, for any reason, prior to the vesting date, or if the 
performance and service conditions are not met, any unvested ltI 
shares will be forfeited.

For the offers made in 2007 and 2008, all ltI shares will vest in 
three equal tranches in February of each of the second, third and 
fourth subsequent years. the ltI shares are held in trust until 
vesting and the employees will be entitled to any dividends paid 
in respect of unforfeited shares. upon vesting, the employee has 
the discretion to leave the shares in the plan, withdraw or sell any 
number of them.

performance conditions apply to senior managers who have an 
important strategic role impacting InvoCare’s financial performance 
and relate to compound normalised earnings per share growth. 
normalised means adjusted to remove the impacts of any gains or 
losses arising from the sale, disposal or impairment of non-current 
assets. ltI shares will vest in accordance with the following table:

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

41

 
Directors’ Report continued

Remuneration Report continued

normalised earnings per share (epS) compound growth 
per annum from 1 January in the year of offer 

proportion of each one third tranche of 
ltI shares that will vest

12% or more 
11% or more but less than 12% 
10% or more but less than 11% 
9% or more but less than 10% 
8% or more but less than 9% 
less than 8% 

100%
80% plus 2% for each 0.1% growth in epS over 11%
65% plus 1.5% for each 0.1% growth in epS over 10%
55% plus 1% for each 0.1% growth in epS over 9%
50% plus 0.5% for each 0.1% growth in epS over 8%
nil

In February 2009, the Board has made further offers to selected senior executives and other managers. the 2009 ltI shares will vest in  
three equal tranches in February of each of 2011, 2012 and 2013 subject to normalised compound epS growth from 1 January 2009 as  
set out below:

normalised earnings per share compound growth 
per annum from 1 January in the year of offer 

proportion of each one third tranche of 
ltI shares that will vest

10% or more 
9% or more but less than 10% 
8% or more but less than 9% 
7% or more but less than 8% 
less than 7% 

100%
77% plus 2.3% for each 0.1% growth in epS over 9%
53% plus 2.4% for each 0.1% growth in epS over 8%
30% plus 2.3% for each 0.1% growth in epS over 7%
nil

the performance conditions for ltI shares were selected following 
independent advice and analysis of:

– 

– 

– 

broker analysis and forecasts for InvoCare;

historic and forecast epS growth in the ASX/S&p 200; and

InvoCare’s own earnings forecasts.

Ceo (Richard Davis for 2008, Andrew Smith from 1 January 2009), 
the Coo (Andrew Smith for 2008, a shared role from 1 January 
2009 to the present time) and the CFo (phillip Friery).

other executives who are also included in the category of the 
five highest paid executives but who are not considered key 
management personnel are:

If the epS performance conditions are not met at the vesting date, 
the ltI shares remain available until February in the fifth year after 
grant and may vest based on the compound growth from the date 
of grant to 31 December of the previous year.

to receive 100% of the ltI shares, the senior executive or manager 
must remain employed for four years after grant date, and if subject 
to performance conditions, InvoCare’s compound epS growth 
must equal or exceed the maximum target growth percentage.

Future offers of ltI shares may be made at the discretion of the 
Board and the service and performance conditions for any future 
offers may vary from previous ltI share offers.

Further details of ltI shares are set out on page 44 under  
“Share-based Compensation – Shares”.

All employees are entitled to statutory long service leave.

Termination benefits
termination benefits are provided in the respective individual 
contracts of employment, details of which for key management 
personnel are set out in Section C Service Agreements.

B. details of remuneration
Details of the remuneration of the directors, the key management 
personnel of the Group and specified executives are set out in the 
following tables.

the key management personnel of the Group are the non-
executive directors of InvoCare limited (see pages 32 to 33), the 

42

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

−  Armen Mikaelian – General Manager,  

Cemeteries and Crematoria;

− 

John Fowler – General Manager Victoria, Funerals Division;

−  Greg Bisset – General Manager nSW, Funeral Division; and

−  Wee leng Goh – Chief executive officer,  

Singapore Casket Company.

Armen Mikaelian was promoted to the above position on 1 January 
2005, having been with InvoCare since 1990 in various capacities.

John Fowler has held general manager positions with InvoCare 
since May 1995, having been employed in the industry for over 
33 years and by InvoCare since 1994 when it acquired the le pine 
funeral businesses in Victoria.

Greg Bisset joined the Group on 15 January 2008, after holding 
general management and other senior retail positions in South 
Africa, the Middle east and Australia. on 1 March 2009, Greg was 
promoted to national Funerals General Manager.

Wee leng Goh joined the Group on 2 January 2008, after holding 
senior management positions in insurance and direct marketing 
industries.

All key management personnel (other than non-executive 
directors), other Australian executives and staff are employed by 
InvoCare Australia pty limited, a wholly-owned controlled entity 
of InvoCare limited. Singapore executives and staff are employed 
by Singapore Casket Company (private) limited, whose ultimate 
parent entity is InvoCare limited.

Remuneration details are as follows.

2008 

Short-term 
employee benefits 

post 
employment 
benefits 

Share-based 
payments 

Cash 
salary or 
fee 
$ 

Short- 
term cash 
bonus 
$ 

non- 
monetary 
benefits 
$ 

Super- 
annuation 
$ 

termination 
benefits 
$ 

Shares 
$ 

total 
$

non-executive directors
Ian Ferrier 
Christine Clifton 
Roger penman 
Benjamin Chow 
Richard Fisher 

executive directors
Richard Davis 4 
Andrew Smith 

137,615 
80,275 
87,500 
80,275 
80,275 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

12,385 
7,225 
– 
7,225 
7,225 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

150,000
87,500
87,500
87,500
87,500

475,001 
372,800 

128,250 
188,326 

14,317 
23,822 

46,350 
33,552 

477,884 
– 

– 
116,026 

1,141,802
734,526

other key management personnel
phillip Friery 

300,000 

82,620 

16,318 

27,000 

– 

69,915 

495,853

totals for each component 

1,613,741 

399,196 

54,457 

140,962 

477,884 

185,941 

2,872,181

totals by category 

2,067,394 

140,962 

477,884 

185,941 

2,872,181

other executives in the category of the five highest paid  
executives but who are not key management personnel
Armen Mikaelian 
John Fowler 
Wee leng Goh 
Greg Bisset 

163,462 
203,491 
198,655 
147,661 

172,123 
25,000 
45,149 
46,328 

15,127 
50,570 
18,367 
12,150 

33,653 
18,314 
6,005 
13,290 

– 
– 
– 
– 

50,936 
35,993 
– 
25,433 

435,301
333,368
268,176
244,862

2007 

Short-term 
employee benefits 

post 
employment 
benefits 

Share-based 
payments 

Cash 
salary or 
fee 
$ 

Short- 
term cash 
bonus 
$ 

non- 
monetary 
benefits 
$ 

non-executive directors
Ian Ferrier 
Christine Clifton 
Roger penman 
Benjamin Chow 
Richard Fisher 

executive directors
Richard Davis 
Michael Grehan 2 

– 
71,560 
78,000 
61,123 
71,560 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

440,000 
40,028 

432,221 
– 

other key management personnel
Andrew Smith 
phillip Friery 

355,045 
250,000 

174,150 
147,500 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

14,090 
42,096 

22,864 
17,515 

Super- 
annuation 
$ 

145,000 
6,440 
– 
5,501 
6,440 

termination 

benefits  options 1  Shares 
$ 

$ 

$ 

total 
$

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

– 
– 

145,000
78,000
78,000
66,624
78,000

925,911
510,142

39,600 
30,602 

– 
389,192 

– 
8,224 

31,953 
22,500 

– 
– 

–  85,732 
1,495  33,911 

669,744
472,921

totals for each component 

1,367,316 

753,871 

96,565 

288,036 

389,192 

9,719  119,643  3,024,342

totals by category 

2,217,752 

288,036 

389,192 

129,362 

3,024,342

other executives in the category of the five highest paid  
executives but who are not key management personnel
Armen Mikaelian 
John Fowler 
Damian Hiser 3 

170,000 
139,828 
153,128 

186,430 
70,000 
– 

11,484 
46,155 
20,287 

31,078 
45,320 
12,620 

– 
– 
– 

2,392  25,433 
748  17,140 
– 

– 

426,817
319,191
186,035

1. 

In accordance with Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards, only the fair value of options issued after 7 November 2002  
has been recognised in the income statement and the balance sheet, whilst the amounts disclosed above relate to all options granted to key  
management personnel.

2.  Michael Grehan resigned as a Director and Chief Operating Officer on 15 February 2007.
3.  Damian Hiser resigned effective 27 September 2007 and the information disclosed above relates to the period from 1 January 2007 to 27 September 2007.
4.  Richard Davis received only statutory leave entitlements upon cessation of employment.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report continued

Remuneration Report continued
c. service agreements
on appointment to the Board, all non-executive directors receive 
a letter of appointment which summarises the Board policies and 
terms, including compensation, relevant to the office of director.

the Remuneration Committee reviews the Ceo base salary and 
bonus incentives annually.

the remuneration and other terms of employment for the previous 
Chief executive officer, Richard Davis, who resigned effective 
31 December 2008, were formalised in a service agreement dated 
8 May 2001 with an initial term of two years, renewable each year 
for a further 12 months at the discretion of the Board of Directors. 
the agreement provided for the provision of salary, short-term 
performance related cash bonuses, superannuation and other 
benefits. Mr Davis received only statutory leave entitlements upon 
his cessation of employment but has agreed to remain a consultant 
to the Group until 30 June 2009.

Remuneration and other terms of employment from 1 January 
2009 for the new Chief executive officer, Andrew Smith, were 
formalised in a service agreement executed on 17 December 
2008 which replaces agreements executed in March 2007 (upon 
promotion to Chief operating officer) and December 2005 (for 
employment commencing January 2006 as Chief Financial 
officer). the agreements provide for provision of salary, short-
term performance related cash bonuses, long-term performance 
related share-based bonuses, superannuation and other benefits. 
the current term of employment is for three years and four months 
commencing on 1 January 2009 with a starting base salary of 
$458,716, short-term incentive bonus up to 45% of base salary and 
superannuation ($225,000 in the first year) and ltI shares of up to 
35% of base salary and superannuation ($175,000 in the first year). 
the ltI shares are subject to the same performance conditions 
as set out in Section A above for senior InvoCare management. 
the performance conditions for the 2008 ltI share-based bonus 
under the previous March 2007 service agreement ($135,450) 
were not achieved but under the terms of the latest agreement 
this bonus may still be payable subject to the achievement in 
subsequent years of compound annual profit growth of 7.5% or 
more. except in the case of misconduct, termination may generally 
be effected, by either party, with either six months’ notice or by 
payment of six months’ remuneration. Details of the share-based 
remuneration are set out in Section D Share-based Compensation.

Remuneration and other terms of employment for each of the 
other key management personnel and other senior managers 
are formalised in service agreements or letters of appointment as 
varied from time to time, including through annual review of the 
base salary, short and long -term incentives. each contract is for 
an indefinite term. up to six months’ notice or payment in lieu of 
notice is generally required in the event of resignation. termination 
benefits are limited to statutory leave entitlements, unless 
determined otherwise by the Remuneration Committee. During 
2007 and 2008, the other key management personnel and certain 
other senior managers participated in the InvoCare Deferred 
employee Share plan. Details of this plan are set out in Section 
D Share-based Compensation. the other key management 
personnel and certain other senior executives also participated 
in the Company’s employee Share option plan and options were 
granted to them in September 2003. Since that date, no further 
options have been granted. Details of these options are set out in 
Section D Share-based Compensation.

D. share-based comPensation

Shares
under service agreements, Andrew Smith may receive long-term 
incentive bonus remuneration in the form of ordinary shares in 
InvoCare limited. the maximum annual bonus is up to 35% of 
his combined base salary and superannuation and is linked to 
the profit performance of InvoCare. Shares to the value of the 
bonus will be purchased on behalf of the employee and one 
third will vest on subsequent anniversaries of their purchase. 
the employee will be entitled to any dividends paid in respect 
of the shares. Any unvested shares granted before appointment 
as Chief executive officer on 1 January 2009 will be forfeited 
upon termination of employment for any reason. unvested ltI 
shares granted after 1 January 2009 will be forfeited if Mr Smith 
terminates his employment or if the Company terminates his 
employment for reasons including serious misconduct, otherwise 
unvested shares will automatically vest upon termination. 
Mr Smith’s long-term incentive bonus is determined by the 
Remuneration Committee.

Key management personnel and other executives in the category 
of the five highest paid executives but who are not other key 
management personnel received shares under the terms of 
the InvoCare Deferred employee Share plan. the shares were 
purchased on market and granted for no consideration. Details of 
the grants are set out below.

executive directors
Andrew Smith 1 

other key management personnel
phillip Friery 

other executives in the category of the five highest paid  
executives but who are not other key management personnel
Armen Mikaelian 
John Fowler 
Greg Bisset 

Grant value 
$ 

expensed 
$

2008 

2007 

2008 

2007

– 

129,000 

116,026 

85,732

100,000 

100,000 

67,915 

33,911

75,000 
55,000 
75,000 

75,000 
51,000 
– 

50,936 
35,993 
25,433 –

25,433
17,295

1.  Under the terms of Mr Smith’s service agreement the LTI share offer performance hurdle for 2008 was not achieved but shares to the value  

of $135,450 will be granted if compound annual profit growth of 7.5% or more is achieved in a subsequent year.

44

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
the numbers of ordinary shares in the Company held during the year by each director of InvoCare limited and other key management 
personnel are summarised in note 6 on page 69.

Options
options were granted to certain senior executives of the consolidated entity for no consideration under the employee Share option 
plan, which was established prior to the Initial public offering of InvoCare limited. the option grants made were at the discretion of, 
and determined by, the directors of the Company at that time.

there have been no options granted under the plan since 22 September 2003.

e. additional information

Principles used to determine the nature and amount of remuneration: relationship between remuneration and Company performance
the overall level of executive reward takes into account the performance of the Group over a number of years, with greater emphasis  
given to the current and prior year. the results of the Company and returns to shareholders over the last five years are summarised below. 

earnings per share 
Dividends paid in year (cents per share):
Interim for current year 
Final for previous year 
Special 

total dividends paid in the year 

Share price – 1 January 
Share price – 31 December 
total shareholder return (price movement plus cash dividends) 
total shareholder return as percentage of opening share price 

2008 

2007 

2006 

2005 

2004

28.0 

10.5 
12.5 
– 

23.0 

$7.01 
$5.15 
($1.63) 
(23%) 

27.6 

10.0 
11.5 
– 

21.5 

$5.57 
$7.01 
$1.66 
30% 

24.7 

8.0 
9.5 
– 

17.5 

$4.19 
$5.57 
$1.56 
37% 

21.0 

7.0 
9.0 
10.5 

26.5 

$3.35 
$4.19 
$1.11 
33% 

20.4

6.4
–
–

6.4

$2.14
$3.35
$1.27
59%

under the InvoCare Deferred employee Share plan, the ltI share remuneration is linked to the compound annual growth in normalised 
earnings per share over the vesting periods. the following table summarises the performance to date for the grants made in 2007 and 2008:

ltI share grant year 

target annual compound 
normalised epS growth 
from 1 January of grant year 

normalised epS on 
1 January of grant year 

performance condition testing

2007 

2008 

8 to 12% 

22.2 cents 

8 to 12% 

27.2 cents 

February 2009 – satisfied and 1/3rd fully vested
February 2010
February 2011
February 2012 (if required)
February 2010
February 2011
February 2012
February 2013 (if required)

the first one-third tranche of the 2007 share grant fully vested in February 2009 based upon achievement of more than 12% annual 
compound growth in normalised epS to 31 December 2008. For the next one-third tranche of the 2007 grant to fully vest in February  
2010, normalised epS for 2009 must exceed 28.5 cents. For the first one-third tranche of the 2008 grants to fully vest in February 2010 
normalised epS for 2009 must exceed 36.3 cents.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report continued

Remuneration Report continued

Cash and share-based bonuses
For each cash bonus and share-based bonus included in the above remuneration tables, the percentage of the available bonus that  
was payable for the financial year and the percentage that was forfeited because the person or the consolidated entity did not meet the 
service and performance criteria is set out below. no part of the cash bonuses is payable in future years.

Cash bonus 

Share-based bonus

name 

payable 
% 

Forfeited 
% 

Richard Davis 
Andrew Smith 

25 
84 

75 
16 

Grant 
year 

n/A 
2006 

2007 

phillip Friery 

54 

46 

2007 

2008 

Armen Mikaelian 

99 

1 

2007 

John Fowler 

54 

46 

2007 

2008 

Wee leng Goh 
Greg Bisset 

100 
100 

0 
0 

2008 

n/A 
2008 

Vested 
% 

Forfeited 
% 

Minimum 
yet to 
vest (note 2) 
$ 

Maximum 
yet to 
vest 
$ 

n/A 
33 

n/A 
– 

n/A 
nil 

n/A 
82,543 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

nil 

129,000 

nil 

100,000 

nil 

100,000 

nil 

75,000 

nil 

75,000 

nil 

51,000 

nil 

55,000 

n/A 
– 

n/A 
– 

n/A 
nil 

n/A 
75,000 

Financial 
years in 
which 
shares 
may vest 
(note 3) 

$

n/A
2009
2010
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
2010
2011
2012
2009
2010
2011
2010
2011
2012
2009
2010
2011
2010
2011
2012
n/A
2010
2011
2012

1.  N/A = Not applicable
2.  Performance conditions must be met before vesting and, if not, the minimum that will vest could be nil.
3.  Under the terms of the grants, an additional year beyond the last shown may be allowed for vesting if the performance hurdles have not been achieved.

Loans to directors and executives
there are no loans to directors and executives.

Share options granted to directors and the most highly remunerated officers
there were no options over unissued ordinary shares of InvoCare limited at 31 December 2008 nor were any options granted during  
or since the end of the financial year.

the Directors’ Report concludes on the following page.

46

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Directors’ Report continued

Indemnifying officers or auditor
During the financial year, InvoCare paid a premium to insure 
directors and officers of the consolidated entity. the insurance 
policy specifically prohibits disclosure of the nature and liability 
covered and the amount of the premium paid.

Proceedings on behalf of the company
no person has applied for leave of Court to bring proceedings on 
behalf of the Company or intervene in any proceedings to which 
the Company is a party for the purpose of taking responsibility on 
behalf of the Company for all or any part of those proceedings. 
the Company was not a party to any such proceedings during 
the year.

Non-audit services
the directors are satisfied that the provision of non-audit services 
during the year is compatible with the general standard of 
independence for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001. 
the nature and scope of each type of non-audit service provided 
means that auditor independence was not compromised. 

the following fees for non-audit services were paid/payable to the 
external auditor (pricewaterhouseCoopers) during the year ended 
31 December 2008:

Auditor’s independence declaration
the copy of the auditor’s independence declaration as required 
under section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 is set out on 
page 48.

Rounding of amounts
the Company is of a kind referred to in Class order 98/0100 
issued by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, 
relating to the “rounding off” of amounts in the Directors’ Report 
and financial report. Amounts in the Directors’ Report and financial 
report have been rounded off to the nearest thousand dollars 
(where rounding is applicable) in accordance with that Class order.

Signed in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors.

Ian Ferrier 
Director

Assurance services 
taxation services 
Advisory services 

total 

$

15,450
79,815
12,730

107,995

andrew Smith 
Director

Dated this 27th day of March 2009.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

47

 
 
Auditor’s Independence Declaration

As lead auditor for the audit of InvoCare limited for the year ended 31 December 2008,  
I declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been:

a)  no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001  

in relation to the audit; and

b)  no contraventions of any applicable code of professional conduct in relation to the audit.

this declaration is in respect of InvoCare limited and the entities it controlled during the period.

John Feely 
partner 

pricewaterhouseCoopers

Sydney 
27 March 2009

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

48

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

Income Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

notes 

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

Revenue from continuing operations 

3 

248,992 

Finished goods, consumables and funeral disbursements 

employee benefits expense 

employee related and on-cost expenses 

Advertising and public relations expenses 

Depreciation, amortisation and impairment expenses 

occupancy and facilities expenses 

Finance costs 

Motor vehicle expenses 

other expenses 

net gain/(loss) on disposal of non-current assets 

Profit before income tax 

Income tax expense  

profit from continuing activities 

Profit for the year 

profit is attributable to:

  equity holders of InvoCare limited 

  Minority interest 

(73,108) 

(59,632) 

(13,149) 

(7,905) 

(9,703) 

(15,198) 

(13,696) 

(5,527) 

(11,957) 

(355) 

38,762 

(10,668) 

28,094 

28,094 

4 

4 

5 

228,197 

(64,635) 

(53,111) 

(13,599) 

(6,939) 

(8,945) 

(13,287) 

(12,095) 

(5,049) 

(11,989) 

818 

39,366 

(11,715) 

27,651 

27,651 

50,872 

44,663

(457)

(10)

– –

(500) 

(2) 

– –

– –

– –

(11,384) 

(9,966)

– –

(450) 

– –

38,536 

(2,405) 

36,131 

36,131 

(529)

33,701

(1,728)

31,973

31,973

28,026 

27,554 

36,131 

31,973

68 

97 

– –

28,094 

27,651 

36,131 

31,973

earnings per share for profit attributable to the  
ordinary equity holders of the Company

Basic earnings per share (cents per share) 

Diluted earnings per share (cents per share) 

10 

10 

28.0 

28.0 

27.6

27.6

The above income statements should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance Sheets

as at 31 december 2008

aSSeTS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 
trade and other receivables 
Inventories 
Deferred selling costs 

Total current assets 

non-current assets
trade and other receivables 
Shares in subsidiaries 
property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Derivative financial instruments 
Deferred tax assets 
Deferred selling costs 

Total non-current assets 

Total assets 

LIaBILITIeS
Current liabilities
trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Current tax liabilities 
Deferred revenue 
provisions 

Total current liabilities 

non-current liabilities
trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Derivative financial instruments 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Deferred revenue 
provisions 

Total non-current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

net assets 

eQUITY 
Contributed equity 
Reserves  
Retained profits/(Accumulated losses) 

parent entity interest 
Minority interest 

Total equity 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

notes 

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

11 
12 
13 

12 
14 
15 
16 
17 
21 

18 
19 

20 

18 
19 
17 
21 

20 

22 
23 
23 

24 

6,414 
18,410 
13,691 
544 

39,059 

9,488 
– 
222,229 
61,991 
– 
– 
7,613 

8,981 
18,567 
13,170 
543 

41,261 

9,072 
– 
212,715 
56,457 
5,257 
– 
7,607 

1,056 –
19 
– –
– –

1,075 

238,538 
16,473 
– –
– –
– 
1,683 –
– –

18

18

220,781
15,957

4,360

301,321 

291,108 

256,694 

241,098

340,380 

332,369 

257,769 

241,116

21,017 
– 
4,696 
2,885 
8,538 

37,136 

577 
158,655 
12,500 
26,855 
40,389 
1,289 

25,557 
– 
4,661 
2,956 
8,079 

41,253 

251 
154,547 
– 
33,390 
41,382 
1,067 

168
929
4,150

5,247

131,701

1,509

178 
– 
3,429 
– –
– –

3,607 

– –
135,799 
7,036 –
– 
– –
– –

240,265 

230,637 

142,835 

133,210

277,401 

271,890 

146,442 

138,457

62,979 

60,479 

111,327 

102,659

71,806 
(649) 
(9,215) 

61,942 
1,037 

62,979 

70,125 
3,504 
(14,175) 

59,454 
1,025 

60,479 

71,806 
(2,330) 
41,851 

111,327 
– –

70,125
3,748
28,786

102,659

111,327 

102,659

The above balance sheets should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

50

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of Recognised Income and Expense

For the year ended 31 december 2008 

Share-based payment reserve 
Cash flow hedges, net of tax 
exchange difference on translation of foreign operations 

net income recognised directly in equity 
profit after tax  

total recognised income and expense for the year 
total recognised income and expense for the year is attributable to:
  Members of InvoCare limited 
  Minority interest 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

742 
(6,820) 
1,925 

(4,153) 
28,094 

(25) 
2,565 
(207) 

2,333 
27,651 

742 
(6,820) 
– –

(6,078) 
36,131 

2007 
$’000

(25)
2,565

2,540
31,973

23,941 

29,984 

30,053 

34,513

23,873 
68 

23,941 

29,887 
97 

29,984 

30,053 
– 

30,053 

34,513
–

34,513

The above statements of recognised income and expense should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. 

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash F low Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

Cash flow from operating activities
Receipts from customers 
payments to suppliers and employees 
other revenue 

Interest received 
Finance costs 
Income taxes paid 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

notes 

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

267,306 
(210,877) 
4,066 

60,495 
214 
(11,272) 
(12,964) 

245,629 
(187,062) 
3,456 

62,023 
273 
(11,092) 
(12,609) 

– –
(944) 
– –

(944) 
– 1
(9,633) 
– –

(799)

(799)

(9,600)

net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities 

29 

36,473 

38,595 

(10,577) 

(10,398)

Cash flow from investing activities
proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 
purchase of subsidiaries and other businesses net of cash acquired 
purchase of property, plant and equipment  

net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flow from financing activities
proceeds from issue of ordinary shares 
payment for shares acquired by InvoCare Deferred employee  
Share plan trust 
proceeds from borrowings 
Repayment of borrowings 
payment of dividends – InvoCare limited shareholders  
(net of Dividend Reinvestment plan $2,683,000 (2007: $5,687,000)) 
payment of dividends – minority interests 
proceeds from repayments by controlled entities 

555 
(6,126) 
(16,359) 

4,571 
(8,526) 
(17,366) 

(21,930) 

(21,321) 

– 

(786) 

17,000 
(13,000) 

(20,381) 

(56) 
– 

335 

(816) 

18,362 
(16,000) 

(15,708) 

(122) 
– 

– –
– –
– –

– –

– 

(786) 

17,000 
(13,000) 

(20,381) 

– –
29,729 

net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities 

(17,223) 

(13,949) 

12,562 

net increase/(decrease) in cash held 

(2,680) 

3,325 

1,985 

335

(816)

16,000
(16,000)

(15,708)

25,684

9,495

(903)

(26)

(929) 
– –

1,056 

(929)

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 
effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 

11 

8,981 
113 

6,414 

5,717 
(61) 

8,981 

The above cash flow statements should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

52

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 1: Summary of Significant 
accounting PolicieS
the principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of 
the financial report are set out below. these policies have been 
consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise 
stated. the financial report includes separate financial statements 
for InvoCare limited as an individual entity and the consolidated 
entity consisting of InvoCare limited and its subsidiaries.

that control ceases. the purchase method of accounting is used 
to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group (refer to 
note 1(i)).

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on 
transactions between Group companies are eliminated. unrealised 
losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence 
of the impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies 
of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure 
consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

(a) Basis of preparation
this general purpose financial report has been prepared in 
accordance with Australian Accounting Standards, other 
authoritative pronouncements of the Australian Accounting 
Standards Board, urgent Issues Group Interpretations and the 
Corporations Act 2001.

(i) Compliance with IFRS
Australian Accounting Standards include Australian equivalents to 
International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS). Compliance 
with AIFRS ensures that the consolidated financial statements 
and notes of InvoCare limited comply with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRS).

AASB 8 Operating Segments is applicable to annual reporting 
periods beginning on or after 1 January 2009. However, the Group 
elected to adopt this standard early, although this resulted in only 
minor changes to the reporting of operating segments and brought 
them into line with the segments used for internal management 
reporting.

(ii) Historical cost convention
these financial statements have been prepared on an accruals 
basis under the historical cost convention, as modified by the 
revaluation to fair value of financial assets and liabilities (including 
derivative instruments).

(iii) Critical accounting estimates
the preparation of financial statements in conformity with 
AIFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. 
It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the 
process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. the areas 
involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas 
where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial 
statements are disclosed at note 34.

(iv) Comparatives
Where necessary, comparatives have been reclassified and 
repositioned for consistency with current year disclosures.

(b) Principles of consolidation

(i) Subsidiaries
the consolidated financial statements incorporate the assets 
and liabilities of all subsidiaries of InvoCare limited (“Company” 
or “parent entity”) as at 31 December 2008 and the results of all 
subsidiaries for the year then ended. InvoCare limited and its 
subsidiaries are together referred to in this financial report as the 
Group or the consolidated entity.

Subsidiaries are all those entities (including special purpose 
entities) over which the Group has the power to govern the financial 
and operating policies, generally accompanying a shareholding of 
more than one-half of the voting rights.

Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control 
is transferred to the Group. they are deconsolidated from the date 

Minority interests in the results and equity of subsidiaries are 
shown separately in the consolidated income statement and 
balance sheet, respectively.

(ii) Employee share trust
the Group has formed a trust to administer the InvoCare exempt 
employee Share plan and the InvoCare Deferred employee 
Share plan. this trust is consolidated, as the substance of the 
relationship is that the trust is controlled by the Group. Shares held 
by the InvoCare Deferred employee Share plan trust are disclosed 
as treasury shares and deducted from contributed equity.

(c) Segment reporting
operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the 
internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. 
the chief operating decision maker has been identified as the 
Chief executive officer whose direct operational reports were in 
2008 the Chief operating officer and Chief executive officer of 
Singapore Casket Company.

(d) Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s 
entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic 
environment in which the entity operates (“the functional 
currency”). the consolidated financial statements are presented 
in Australian dollars, which is InvoCare limited’s functional and 
presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional 
currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the 
transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the 
settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year 
end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated 
in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement, 
except when they are deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow 
hedges and qualifying net investment hedges or are attributable to 
part of the net investment in a foreign operation.

(iii) Group companies
the results and financial positions of all the Group entities (none of 
which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have 
a functional currency different from the presentation currency are 
translated into the presentation currency as follows:

− 

− 

assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are 
translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet;

income and expenses for each income statement are 
translated at average exchange rates (unless this is not a 
reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates 
prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and 
expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions); and

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

53

Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 1: Summary of Significant 
accounting PolicieS  
continued

− 

all resulting exchange differences are recognised as a 
separate component of equity.

on consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation 
of any net investment in foreign entities, and of borrowings 
and other financial instruments designated as hedges of such 
investments, are taken to shareholders’ equity. When a foreign 
operation is sold or any borrowings forming part of the net 
investment are repaid, a proportionate share of such exchange 
differences will be recognised in the income statement, as part  
of the gain or loss on sale where applicable.

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of 
a foreign entity are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign 
entities and translated at the closing rate.

(e) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the 
economic benefits will flow to the entity and the revenue can 
be reliably measured. Revenue is measured at the fair value of 
the consideration received or receivable. Amounts disclosed as 
revenue are net of returns, allowances, duties and taxes paid. 
Revenue is recognised as set out below:

(i) Funeral operations
Revenue is recognised when the funeral service is performed.

the Group enters into prepaid funeral contracts providing for 
future funeral services at prices prevailing when agreements 
are signed. payments under these contracts are placed in trust 
(pursuant to the Group’s policy and, where relevant, state laws). 
the monies held in trust for individual prepaid funeral contracts 
are not controlled by the Group, because the Group does not 
have the power to govern the financial and operating policies of 
the trust or trustee entities nor does the Group have the legal right 
or access to the trust funds until the contracted funeral services 
are performed.

Accordingly, the monies held in trust are not recognised in the 
financial statements. the Group recognises revenue on prepaid 
funeral contracts when the prepaid funeral service is eventually 
performed and the amount held in trust, including any investment 
earnings, is receivable by the Group.

(ii) Cemeteries and crematoria operations
Sales of at-need and prepaid interment or inurnment rights 
are recognised immediately as revenue. Sales of associated 
memorials, other merchandise and burial and cremation services 
are recognised as revenue when the memorial or merchandise is 
determined as delivered or the service is performed. Revenues 
relating to undelivered memorials and merchandise and 
unperformed services are deferred. Contracted receivables and 
cash received relating to recognised and deferred revenue on sale 
of rights, memorials and merchandise are recorded in the financial 
statements. However, similarly to prepaid funeral services, monies 
for prepaid burial and cremation services are placed in trust until 
the service is performed.

(f) Deferred selling costs
Selling costs applicable to prepaid funeral service contracts, net 
of any administrative fees recovered, are expensed when incurred. 
Direct selling costs applicable to deferred revenue on undelivered 
memorials and merchandise and unperformed burial and 
cremation services are deferred until the revenue is recognised.

(g) Income tax
the income tax expense or revenue for the period is the tax 
payable on the current period’s taxable income based on the 
national income tax rate for each jurisdiction adjusted by changes 
in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary 
differences and unused tax losses.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, 
on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets 
and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated 
financial statements. However, the deferred income tax is not 
accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or 
liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at 
the time of the transaction affects neither accounting, nor taxable, 
profit or loss. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates 
(and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the 
balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related 
deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax 
liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary 
differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future 
taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary 
differences and losses. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are 
not recognised for temporary differences between the carrying 
amount and tax bases of investments in controlled entities where 
the parent entity is able to control the timing of the reversal of the 
temporary differences and it is probable that the differences will 
not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a 
legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities 
and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation 
authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the 
entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to 
settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability 
simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax balances attributable to amounts 
recognised directly in equity are also recognised in equity.

(i) Tax consolidation legislation
InvoCare limited and its wholly-owned Australian controlled 
entities have implemented the tax consolidation legislation.

the head entity, InvoCare limited, and the controlled entities in the 
tax consolidated group account for their own current and deferred 
tax amounts. these tax amounts are measured as if each entity in 
the tax consolidated group continues to be a stand alone taxpayer 
in its own right.

In addition to its own current and deferred tax amounts, InvoCare 
limited also recognises the current tax liabilities (or assets) and 
the deferred tax assets arising from unused tax losses and 
unused tax credits assumed from controlled entities in the tax 
consolidated group.

Assets or liabilities arising under tax funding agreements with the 
tax consolidated entities are recognised as amounts receivable 
from or payable to other entities in the Group. Details about the tax 
funding agreement are disclosed in note 5.

54

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

note 1: Summary of Significant 
accounting PolicieS  
continued

(h) Leases
leases of property, plant and equipment where the Group has 
substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified 
as finance leases.

leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of 
ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating 
leases. payments made under operating leases (net of any 
incentives received from the lessor) are charged to the income 
statement on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. 
lease income from operating leases is recognised in income on  
a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(i) Business combinations and acquisitions of assets
the purchase method of accounting is used to account for all 
acquisitions of assets (including business combinations) regardless 
of whether equity instruments or other assets are acquired. Cost is 
measured as the fair value of the assets given, shares issued or 
liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange plus costs 
directly attributable to the acquisition. Where equity instruments 
are issued in an acquisition, the value of the instruments is their 
published market price as at the date of exchange. transaction 
costs arising on the issue of equity instruments are recognised 
directly in equity.

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities 
assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their 
fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of 
any minority interest. the excess of the cost of acquisition over 
the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets 
acquired is recorded as goodwill (refer to note 1(o)). If the cost of 
acquisition is less than the fair value of the net identifiable assets 
of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognised directly 
in the income statement, but only after a reassessment of the 
identification and measurement of the net assets acquired.

Where settlement of any part of cash consideration is deferred, the 
amounts payable in the future are discounted to their present value 
as at the date of acquisition. the discount rate used is the entity’s 
incremental borrowing rate, being the rate at which a similar 
borrowing could be obtained from an independent financier under 
comparable terms and conditions.

(j) Impairment of assets
Assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to 
amortisation and are tested annually for impairment or more 
frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the 
carrying amount may not be recoverable. Assets that are subject 
to amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events 
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount 
may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for 
the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its 
recoverable amount. the recoverable amount is the higher of 
an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the 
purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the 
lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows 
(cash generating units). non-financial assets other than goodwill 
that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversals of the 
impairment at each reporting date.

(k) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held 
at call with financial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid 
investments with original maturities of three months or less that 
are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which 
are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and bank 
overdrafts. Any bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in 
current liabilities on the balance sheet.

(l) Receivables
trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and 
subsequently measured at amortised cost, less provision for 
doubtful receivables.

trade receivables are usually due for settlement no more than 
30 days from the date of recognition, except where extended 
payment terms (up to a maximum of 60 months) have been 
made available on cemetery or crematorium contracts for sale of 
interment or inurnment rights and associated memorials and other 
merchandise. Receivables arising from cemetery or crematorium 
contracts which are initially expected to be collected over a period 
exceeding 12 months are recognised as non-current receivables 
and measured as the net present value of estimated future cash 
receipts, discounted at an imputed effective interest rate. upon 
initial recognition of the contract receivables, any undelivered 
portion of the contracts is included in deferred revenue until 
delivery.

the carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use 
of a provision for doubtful receivables account and the amount 
of the loss is recognised in the income statement within “other 
expenses”. When a trade receivable is uncollectible, it is written off 
against the provision account for trade receivables. Subsequent 
recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited against 
“sundry revenue” in the income statement. Details of the impaired 
receivables, provision account movements and other details are 
included in notes 2 and 12.

(m) Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable 
value. Cost comprises direct materials and, where appropriate, 
a proportion of variable and fixed overhead. Costs are assigned 
to individual items of inventory predominantly on the basis of 
weighted average cost. net realisable value is the estimated selling 
price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs 
necessary to make the sale.

(n) Property, plant and equipment
property, plant and equipment are carried at historical cost less 
depreciation or amortisation. Historical cost includes expenditure 
that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or 
recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is 
probable that future economic benefits associated with the item 
will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured 
reliably. Repairs, maintenance and minor renewals are charged 
to the income statement during the financial period in which they 
are incurred.

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its 
recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than 
its estimated recoverable amount (note 1(j)).

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

55

Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 1: Summary of Significant 
accounting PolicieS  
continued

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has 
an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 
12 months after the balance sheet date.

Refer to notes 2 and 19 for further information on borrowings.

Cemetery land is carried at cost less accumulated amortisation 
and impairment write-downs. the consolidated entity sells 
interment and inurnment rights in perpetuity, while retaining title to 
the property. Cemetery land is amortised, as the right to each plot 
or space is sold, to write off the net cost of the land over the period 
in which it is utilised and an economic benefit has been received. 
other freehold land is not depreciated or amortised.

Depreciation of other assets is calculated using the straight-line 
method to allocate their cost or revalued amounts, net of their 
residual values, over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

–  Buildings 

40 years

–  plant and equipment 

3-10 years

the cost of improvements to or on leasehold properties is 
amortised over the unexpired period of the lease or the estimated 
useful life of the improvement to the consolidated entity, whichever 
is shorter. the assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, 
and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing 
proceeds with the carrying amount. Gains and losses are included 
in the income statement.

(o) Intangible assets

(i) Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over 
the fair value of the Group’s share of the net identifiable assets 
of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition. Goodwill 
on acquisitions of subsidiaries is included in intangible assets. 
Goodwill acquired in business combinations is not amortised. 
Instead, goodwill is tested for impairment annually, or more 
frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that 
it might be impaired, and is carried at cost less accumulated 
impairment losses (note 16).

(ii) Trademarks and brand names
trademarks and brand names have a finite useful life and are 
carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment 
losses. Amortisation is calculated using the straight-line method 
to allocate the cost of trademarks and brand names over their 
estimated useful lives of 10 years.

(p) Trade and other payables
trade and other payables represent liabilities for goods and 
services provided to the Group prior to the end of the financial 
year which had not been settled at balance date. the amounts are 
unsecured and are usually paid within 60 days of recognition.

(q) Borrowings
Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction 
costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at 
amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of 
transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in 
the income statement over the period of the borrowings using the 
effective interest rate method. 

(r) Derivative financial instruments
the Group uses derivative financial instruments such as cross 
currency and interest rate swaps to hedge its risks associated 
with foreign currency and interest rate fluctuations. Derivatives are 
initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is 
entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value 
at each reporting date. the accounting for subsequent changes 
in fair value depends on whether the derivative is designated as a 
hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. 
the Group designates certain derivatives as either:

– 

hedges of the cash flows of recognised assets and liabilities 
and highly probable forecast transactions (cash flow hedges); 
or

– 

hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation.

the Group documents at inception the relationship between 
hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk 
management objective and strategy for undertaking various 
hedge transactions. the Group also documents its assessment of 
whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions have 
been, and will continue to be, highly effective in offsetting changes 
in fair values or cash flows or hedged items.

the fair value of interest rate swap contracts is calculated as the 
present value of the estimated future cash flows. the fair value of 
forward exchange contracts is determined using forward exchange 
market rates at the balance sheet date. the fair values of derivative 
financial instruments used for hedging purposes are disclosed in 
note 17. Movements in the hedging reserve in shareholders’ equity 
are shown in note 23. the full fair value of a hedging derivative is 
classified as a non-current asset or liability when the remaining 
maturity of the hedged item is more than 12 months; it is classified 
as a current asset or liability when the remaining maturity of 
the hedged item is less than 12 months. trading derivatives are 
classified as a current asset or liability.

Hedges that meet the strict criteria for hedge accounting are 
accounted for as follows:

(i) Cash flow hedges
the effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that 
are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised 
in equity in the hedging reserve. the gain or loss relating to 
the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the income 
statement within finance costs.

Amounts accumulated in equity are recycled in the income 
statement within finance costs in the periods when the hedged 
item affects profit or loss (for instance when the forecast sale that 
is hedged takes place).

When a hedging instrument expires or is sold or terminated, or 
when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, 
any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains in 
equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately 
recognised in the income statement.

When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the 
cumulative gain or loss that was reported in equity is immediately 
transferred to the income statement.

56

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

note 1: Summary of Significant 
accounting PolicieS  
continued

(ii) Hedges of a net investment
Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation, including a 
hedge of a monetary item that is accounted for as part of the net 
investment, are accounted for in a similar way to cash flow hedges. 
Gains or losses on the hedging instrument relating to the effective 
portion of the hedge are recognised directly in equity while any 
gains or losses relating to the ineffective portion are recognised 
in the income statement. on disposal of the foreign operation, the 
cumulative value of any such gains or losses recognised directly in 
equity is transferred to the income statement.

(s) Employee benefits

(i) Wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave
liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits, 
annual leave and accumulating sick leave expected to be settled 
within 12 months of the reporting date are recognised in other 
payables and provision for employee benefits in respect of 
employees’ services up to the reporting date and are measured at 
the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled, 
including appropriate on-costs. liabilities for non-accumulating 
sick leave are recognised when the leave is taken and measured  
at the rates paid or payable.

(ii) Long service leave
the liability for long service leave is recognised in the provision 
for employee benefits and is measured as the present value of 
expected future payments to be made in respect of services 
provided by employees up to the reporting date, including 
appropriate on-costs. Consideration is given to expected future 
wage and salary levels, experience of employee departures and 
periods of service. expected future payments are discounted using 
market yields at the reporting date on national government bonds 
with terms to maturity and currency that match, as closely as 
possible, the estimated future cash outflows.

(iii) Bonus plans
the Group recognises a liability in other payables and an expense 
for bonus plans when there is no realistic alternative but to settle 
the liability and at least one of the following conditions is met:

− 

− 

there are formal terms in the plan for determining the amount 
of the benefit; 

the amounts to be paid are determined before the time of 
completion of the financial report; or

−  past practices give clear evidence of a constructive obligation.

(iv) Retirement benefits
employees of the Group are entitled to benefits on retirement, 
disability or death from the Group sponsored defined contribution 
superannuation plans. Fixed statutory contributions are made 
by the Group to these plans and are recognised as an expense 
as they become payable. the Group’s liability is limited to these 
contributions.

(v) Share-based payments
the Group provides benefits to certain employees, including key 
management personnel, in the form of share-based payments, 
whereby employees render services in exchange for shares or 

options over shares. Details of the employee share or option plans 
are set out in note 7.

the cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is 
measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments at 
the date granted. the cost is recognised as an employee benefit 
expense in the income statement, with a corresponding increase 
in equity, over the period during which the performance and/or 
service conditions are fulfilled (the vesting period), ending on the 
date on which the relevant employees become unconditionally 
entitled to the award (the vesting date).

At each balance sheet date, the Group revises its estimate of the 
number of awards that are expected to vest. the employee benefit 
expense recognised each period takes into account the most 
recent estimate. the impact of the revision to original estimates, 
if any, is recognised in the income statement with a corresponding 
adjustment to equity.

(t) Contributed equity
ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly 
attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in 
equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds. Incremental 
costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options 
for the acquisition of a business are included in the cost of the 
acquisition as part of the purchase consideration.

(u) Dividends
provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared being 
appropriately authorised and no longer at the discretion of the 
Company on or before the end of the financial year but not 
distributed at balance date.

(v) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit 
attributable to equity holders of the Company, excluding any costs 
of servicing equity other than ordinary shares, by the weighted 
average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the 
financial year.

Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the 
determination of basic earnings per share to take into account 
the after income tax effect of interest and other financing costs 
associated with dilutive potential ordinary shares and the weighted 
average number of shares assumed to have been issued for no 
consideration in relation to dilutive potential ordinary shares.

(w) Goods and Services Tax (GST)
Revenues, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount 
of the GSt, except where the amount of the GSt incurred is not 
recoverable from the taxing authority. In these circumstances, the 
GSt is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of asset or as 
part of an item of the expense. Receivables and payables in the 
balance sheet are shown inclusive of GSt. 

Cash flows are included in the cash flow statement on a gross 
basis and the GSt component of cash flows arising from investing 
and financing activities, which is recoverable from or payable to the 
taxing authority, is classified as operating cash flows.

(x) Rounding of amounts
the Company is of a kind referred to in Class order 98/0100, 
issued by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, 
relating to rounding of amounts in the financial report. Amounts in 
the financial report have been rounded off in accordance with that 
Class order to the nearest thousand dollars, or in certain cases, 
the nearest dollar.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

57

Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 1: Summary of Significant 
accounting PolicieS  
continued

(y) New accounting standards and interpretations
Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been 
published that are not mandatory for 31 December 2008 reporting 
periods. the Group’s and parent entity’s assessment of the impact 
of these new standards and interpretations is set out below.

(i) AASB 3 Business Combinations, AASB 127 Consolidated and 
Separate Financial Statements and AASB 2008-3 Amendments 
to Australian Accounting Standards arising from AASB 3 and 
AASB 127 (effective 1 July 2009)
the Australian Accounting Standards Board has announced that 
the revisions to the equivalent international accounting standard 
will be adopted in Australia for business combinations with an 
acquisition date on or after reporting periods beginning on or after 
1 July 2009. the main impact of this standard is that the costs 
associated with the completion of an acquisition will no longer be 
regarded as part of the cost of the acquisition and these costs 
must be written off in the income statement. this will result in 
an immediate impact on the income statement in the year an 
acquisition is made; however, the quantum of the impact cannot 
be forecast due to the inherently uncertain nature of the timing 
and costs of completing acquisitions. the Group will apply the 
revised standards prospectively to all business combinations from 
1 January 2010.

(ii) Revised AASB 123 Borrowing Costs and AASB 2007-6 
Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards arising from 
AASB 123 (effective from 1 January 2009)
the revised AASB 123 has removed the option to expense all 
borrowing costs and, on adoption, will require the capitalisation 
of all borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, 
construction or production of a qualifying asset. Qualifying assets 
are those assets which take a substantial time to construct or 
develop and generally exclude assets acquired through business 
combinations. the Group undertakes certain property related 
developments and improvement projects and constructs crypts 
and other memorials for resale. the length of time taken for these 
developments is generally less than 12 months. Accordingly, the 
impact on the Group, except in the case of a major unforecast 
transaction, will be minimal as it is unlikely any qualifying assets 
will be constructed. Most acquisitions of non-current assets are 
funded through the use of operating cash flows.

(iii) Revised AASB 101 Presentation of Financial Statements and 
AASB 2007-8 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards 
arising from AASB 101 (effective from 1 January 2009)
the September 2007 revised AASB 101 requires the presentation 
of a statement of comprehensive income and makes changes 
to the statement of recognised income and expense, but will not 
affect the amounts recognised in the financial statements. If an 
entity has made a prior period adjustment or has reclassified items 
in the financial statements, it will need to disclose a third balance 
sheet (statement of financial position), this one being as at the 
beginning of the comparative period. the Group will apply the 
revised standard from 1 January 2009.

(iv) AASB 2008-1 Amendments to Australian Accounting 
Standards – Share-based Payments: Vesting Conditions and 
Cancellations (effective from 1 January 2009)
AASB 2008-1 clarifies that vesting conditions are service 
conditions and performance conditions only and that other 
features of a share-based payment are not vesting conditions. 
It also specifies that all cancellations, whether by the entity or other 
parties, should receive the same accounting treatment. the Group 
will apply the revised standard from 1 January 2009, but it is 
not expected to affect the accounting for the Group’s share-
based payments.

(v) AASB 2008-7 Amendments to Australian Accounting 
Standards – Costs of an Investment in a Subsidiary, Jointly 
Controlled Entity of Associate (effective 1 July 2009)
In July 2008, the AASB approved amendments to AASB 1 First-
time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and 
AASB 127 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements. 
the Group will apply the revised rules prospectively from 1 January 
2010. After that date, all dividends received from investments 
in subsidiaries, jointly controlled entities or associates will be 
recognised as revenue, even if they are paid out of pre-acquisition 
profits, but the investments may need to be tested for impairment 
as a result of the dividend payment. under the Group’s current 
policy, these dividends are deducted from the cost of the 
investment.

(vi) AASB Interpretation 16 Hedges of a Net Investment in a 
Foreign Operation (effective 1 October 2008)
AASB-I 16 clarifies which foreign currency risks qualify as hedged 
risk in the hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation and 
that hedging instruments may be held by any entity or entities 
in the Group. It also provides guidance on how an entity should 
determine the amount to be reclassified from equity to profit 
and loss for both the hedging instrument and the hedged item. 
the Group will apply the interpretation prospectively from 
1 January 2009. there will be no changes to the accounting for  
the existing hedge of the net investment in Singapore.

58

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

note 2: financial riSk management
the Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency risk, cash flow interest rate risk and price risk,  
but not fair value interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. the Group’s overall risk management programme focuses on the 
unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Group.  
the Group uses derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps to hedge risk exposures.  
the Group uses different methods to measure different types of risks to which it is exposed. these methods include sensitivity analysis  
in the case of interest rate, foreign exchange and price risk and aging analysis for credit risk.

Risk management is carried out under policies approved by the Board of Directors on the recommendation of the Risk Committee.  
these policies provide written principles for overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas such as interest rate risk  
and currency risk.

the Group and the parent entity hold the following financial assets and liabilities:

Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents 
trade and other receivables 
Derivative financial instruments 
other financial assets 

Financial liabilities
trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Derivative financial instruments 

(a) Market risk

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

6,414 
27,898 
– 
– 

34,312 

21,594 
158,655 
12,500 

8,981 
27,639 
5,257 
– 

41,877 

25,808 
154,547 
– 

1,056 –
238,557 
– 
16,473 

220,799
4,360
15,957

256,086 

241,116

178 
135,799 
7,036 –

168
132,630

192,749 

180,355 

143,013 

132,798

(i) Cash flow interest rate risk
the Group’s main interest rate risk arises from long-term borrowings. All borrowings are initially at variable interest rates determined by 
a margin over the reference rate. the margin over the reference rate is determined by the Group’s leverage ratio and may vary between 
100 basis points and 55 basis points. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk. It is the policy 
of the Group to keep at least 75% of debt on fixed interest rates by entering into interest rate swap contracts. During 2008 and 2007 the 
Group’s borrowings were all denominated at variable Australian rates in Australian dollars. the Group has entered into interest rate swap 
contracts under which it receives interest at variable rates and pays interest at fixed rates. the bank loans of the Group currently bear an 
effective average variable interest rate inclusive of swaps of 6.4% (2007: 6.6%).

At balance date 96%, (2007: 99%) of long-term borrowings were protected by interest rate swaps. of these interest rate swaps 15%  
(2007: 15%) were denominated in Singapore dollar fixed interest instruments and the balance denominated in Australian dollars. As at 
31 December 2008 the weighted average fixed interest rate payable on the interest rate swaps is 5.85% (2007: 5.85%) and the weighted 
average variable rate receivable as at 31 December 2008 is 4.16% (2007: 6.89%). the weighted average fixed interest payable under  
interest rate swaps on debt principal that has been swapped into Singapore dollars is 3.447% (2007: 3.455%).

the following variable rate borrowings and interest rate swap contracts are outstanding:

Bank loans 
Interest rate swaps (notional principal) 

net exposure to cash flow interest rate risk 

31 December 2008 

31 December 2007

Weighted 
average 
interest rate 

4.86% 
5.85% 

Weighted 
average 
interest rate 

7.64% 
5.85% 

Balance 
$’000 

158,867 
152,867 

6,000 

Balance 
$’000

154,867
152,867

2,000

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 2: financial riSk management continued

(a) Market risk continued

(i) Cash flow interest rate risk continued
the notional principal amounts and periods of expiry of the interest rate swap contracts are as follows:

one – two years 
two – three years 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

130,000 
22,867 

130,000 
22,867 

130,000 
– –

130,000

152,867 

152,867 

130,000 

130,000

the contracts require settlement of net interest receivable or payable each 90 days. the settlement dates coincide with the dates on 
which interest is payable on the underlying debt.

As a consequence the Group is exposed to interest rate risks on that portion of total borrowings not swapped to fixed rates and to 
potential movements in the margin due to changes in the Group’s leverage ratio. An increase of 100 basis points (2007: 100 basis points) 
in the interest rate would result in additional interest expense after tax of $86,000 (2007: $82,000 loss). A decrease of 100 basis points 
(2007: 50 basis points) would result in an after tax gain of $86,000 (2007: $68,000 gain). that portion of borrowings that have been 
swapped to fixed rates denominated in Singapore dollars give rise to a currency risk on the interest payments. A 10% increase  
(2007: 10%) in the Australian to Singapore dollar exchange rate would result in a reduction in interest expense after tax of $89,000  
(2007: $43,000) and a decrease of 10% (2007: 10%) would result in an after tax loss of $73,000 (2007: $52,000).

Due to the use of floating to fixed interest rate swaps the Group has fixed interest commitments and the changes in the fair value of the 
future cash flows of these derivatives are recognised in equity to the extent that the derivative remains effective in accordance with  
AASB 139 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement.

the major derivative is a $130 million interest rate swap initially entered into in october 2005 and designated as a cash flow hedge. 
this instrument, which expires on 31 December 2010, blended earlier swaps with a new swap which resulted in the hedge having a 
non-zero value on designation. During 2008 the very substantial movements in Australian interest rates resulted in this hedge moving  
from a net asset position of $4,360,000 at 31 December 2007 to a net liability of $7,036,000 at 31 December 2008. Despite this 
substantial change in value the derivative continues to meet the commercial objective of ensuring predictable and regular cash flows  
over the life of the derivative.

the impact on parent entity profit and loss and equity of changes in market interest rates for the $130 million interest rate swap is 
summarised below:

Year 

2008 

2007 

Interest rate 
change 

Decrease by 100 basis points 
Increase by 100 basis points 
Decrease by 50 basis points 
Increase by 100 basis points 

effectiveness 
test results 

effective 
Ineffective 
effective 
effective 

profit 
$’000 

(836) 
(5,858) 
8 
(15) 

equity 
$’000

(763)
(778)
(1,077)
2,104

All hedges were effective at 31 December 2008 and 31 December 2007. the impact of a loss of effectiveness is that the amount deferred 
in equity is quarantined and amortised over the remaining life of the hedge and all other movements in fair value are recorded through 
profit and loss.

the derivative financial instruments used to fund the acquisition payments for Singapore Casket Company made in 2006 and 2007 
contain both a currency and interest rate portion. the currency portion of these instruments has been designated as a hedge of a net 
investment and has been effective in both years and against the ranges of sensitivities used for measurement. the interest rate portion of 
these swap arrangements has not been designated as a hedge and movements in fair value are recorded in profit and loss and included 
in the Group’s finance costs.

the overall impact on the Group has been summarised on page 65.

60

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 2: financial riSk management continued

(a) Market risk continued

(i) Cash flow interest rate risk continued
the Group’s cash and cash equivalents held in Australia are interest bearing. At 31 December 2008 the weighted average interest rate 
was 6.3% (2007: 6.5%). If interest rates increased by 100 basis points (2007: 100 basis points) the Group’s after tax result would increase 
by $31,000 (2007: $30,000). A decrease of 100 basis points (2007: 50 basis points) would result in a decrease in the Group’s after tax 
result of $31,000 (2007: $16,000).

(ii) Foreign exchange risk
the Group rarely undertakes commercial transactions in currencies other than in the functional currency of the operating entity.

Foreign exchange risks arise from recognised assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the Group’s functional 
currency, the Australian dollar. the major foreign exchange risk relates to the investment in a controlled entity in Singapore. this exposes 
the Group to foreign currency risk on the assets and liabilities. Where natural hedges do not exist, currency swap instruments are used to 
hedge at least 75% of the net recognised assets and liabilities which are denominated in foreign currencies. At 31 December 2008 82.0% 
(2007: 84.9%) of the Group’s exposure was hedged.

two cross currency basis swaps were executed in october 2006 to swap the currency of borrowings used to fund the Singapore 
acquisition from $20,505,000 Australian dollars into $24,200,000 Singapore dollars and to swap the principal at the same exchange rate 
of 0.8473 at maturity. A further two cross currency basis swaps were executed in March 2007 to swap $2,362,000 Australian dollars into 
$2,892,000 Singapore dollars and to swap the principal at the same exchange rate of 0.8165 at maturity. these cross currency basis 
swaps have been designated as hedges of the Group’s net investment in Singapore. Gains and losses on remeasuring these swaps are 
transferred to equity (foreign currency translation reserve) to offset any gains or losses on translation of the net investment in Singapore 
Casket Company (private) limited.

In March 2008, the only significant foreign currency exposure, the deferred cash settlement for business interests acquired, was settled. 
Settlement of this liability resulted in a decrease of $11,000 in the value of the investment recognised and had no impact on profit and loss 
or equity. the carrying amounts of the Group’s trade and other payables that are denominated in foreign currency are:

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

Current 
Singapore dollars 

– 

940 

– –

(iii) Price risk
the Group does not hold any investments in equities or commodities and, therefore, is not subject to price risk for any recognised 
financial assets or liabilities.

However, as described in note 1(e), monies received for prepaid services are held in trust and are not controlled by the Group and not 
recorded as an asset on the balance sheet. these monies totalled $237 million at 31 December 2008 (2007: $272 million).

the Group recognises revenue on these prepaid services only when the services are performed and the monies held in trust, including 
any investment earnings, are receivable by the Group. Accordingly, the Group’s future revenue and margins are sensitive to the price 
risk relating to the investment returns of these funds under management. Future revenue and margins will be impacted positively if net 
investment returns exceed the service selling price increases (generally 4% per annum), but adversely if the reverse applies. An estimated 
50% of the funds are expected to be recognised over the next 10 years and 90% over about 25 years. In any one year approximately  
13% of all Australian funeral services performed by InvoCare have been prepaid; a proportion that has been reasonably constant for 
many years and is not expected to significantly change in the short term.

InvoCare monitors the asset allocations and investment performance at least quarterly and makes representations where possible 
to those in control of the trusts to mitigate price risks and enhance the returns which will ultimately impact InvoCare’s future results. 
the volatile capital and financial markets have resulted in negative returns over the last year, as shown below. pleasingly, the returns 
have remained above benchmark.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 2: financial riSk management continued

(a) Market risk continued 

(iii) Price risk continued

Prepaid funds under management 

$237m 

$272m 

($35m)

  31 December 
2008 

31 December 
2007 

Change 
$ or %

asset allocation
Australian equities 
International equities 
property 
Fixed interest 
Cash 

Gross annual returns for all fund assets *
one year ended 
three years ended 
Five years ended 
Seven years ended 

28.4% 
1.6% 
1.1% 
10.1% 
58.8% 

(14.1%) 
4.0% 
8.6% 
6.8% 

56.9% 
1.8% 
4.7% 
20.5% 
16.1% 

11.9% 
14.4% 
13.5% 
10.2% 

(28.5%)
(0.2%)
(3.6%)
(10.4%)
42.7%

(26.0%)
(10.4%)
(4.9%)
(3.4%)

* Excludes investment management and administration fees (currently 1.6%).

With the funds held in trust for relatively long periods, investment strategies take a long term view for those trusts not restricted to more 
conservative, capital guaranteed assets. Historically, equities have provided the best long-term returns and consequently, until recently, 
there has been an asset allocation bias to equities. However, over the last 18 months, the unprecedented global financial crisis has seen 
significant declines in equity market values, as well as falling cash interest rates.

to mitigate and lessen exposure to the continuing equity market declines the investment manager of the largest portion of the funds 
under management made tactical shifts from equities and property into cash and fixed term deposits in August 2008 and more recently 
in February 2009.

After the February 2009 asset reallocation, Australian equity investments have reduced to approximately 17% of total prepaid funds under 
management. the long-term investment strategies remain unchanged. the tactical short-term asset reallocations from equities to fixed 
term deposits provide certainty of positive returns for the near future, as opposed to volatile and generally negative equity returns, and 
protect InvoCare’s future sales and operating margin when the prepaid services are performed. With varying maturity dates during 2009, 
the maturing term deposits may be redirected into equity markets when there is an observed and sustained recovery in those markets.

other than disclosed above the Group does not hold any investments in equities or commodities and is therefore not subject to price risk.

(b) Credit risk
Credit risk is managed on a group basis. Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instruments and deposits 
with banks and financial institutions, as well as credit exposures to customers including outstanding receivables and committed 
transactions. For banks and financial institutions, only independently rated parties with a minimum rating of AA- are accepted.

Credit risks in relation to customers are highly dispersed and without concentration on any particular region or sector. Funeral homes 
attempt to collect deposits at the time the service is commissioned both as a sign of good faith and in order to cover out of pocket 
expenses. Cemetery and crematorium products are generally not delivered prior to the receipt of all or substantially all of the 
amounts due.

(i) Impaired receivables
the total amount of the provision for doubtful receivables was $1,688,000 (2007: $1,683,000). As at 31 December 2008, receivables with 
a nominal value of $1,426,000 (2007: $1,168,000) had been referred to the Group’s independent debt collection agent and hence were 
considered to be impaired. the amount of the provision for doubtful receivables was calculated by applying the historical debt collector’s 
recovery ratio to all debtors over 90 days overdue. there are no impaired trade receivables in the parent company in 2008 or 2007.

the movement in the provision for impaired receivables is set out in note 12 trade and other receivables.

62

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 2: financial riSk management continued

(b) Credit risk continued

(ii) Receivables past due but not impaired
As of 31 December 2008, trade receivables of $4,357,000 (2007: $3,962,000) were past due but had not been referred to external debt 
collection agents and hence were considered not to be impaired. these relate to customers where there is no current evidence of an 
inability or unwillingness to settle the amount due but where payment has been delayed. the Group’s own collection activity, which varies 
based on the nature and relative age of the debt, is routinely applied to all past due accounts. When these activities do not result in a 
successful outcome, the debt is referred to external debt collection agencies.

the aging of receivables past due but not impaired follows:

one to three months overdue 
over three months overdue 

the parent company has no impaired receivables.

Consolidated entity

2008 
$’000  

2,243 
2,114 

2007 
$’000

2,459
1,503

(iii) Other receivables
these amounts generally arise from transactions outside the normal operating activities of the Group. Interest is generally not charged on 
the amounts involved although collateral is generally obtained for larger amounts receivable.

(iv) Interest rate risks
the Group has no exposure to interest rate risk in respect of receivables as they are non-interest bearing. Interest earned by the parent 
entity on the fixed rate loan to controlled entity is set out in note 32.

(c) Liquidity risk
prudent liquidity management implies maintaining sufficient cash and marketable securities, the availability of funding through an 
adequate amount of committed credit facilities and the ability to close out market positions. Due to the relative stable nature of the 
Group’s business, management aims to maintain a large portion of committed credit lines on a long-term basis.

the Group’s borrowings are unsecured but subject to negative pledges and the Group has complied with these covenants throughout 
and at the end of the year. Details of the Group and parent entity facilities are as follows.

Finance facilities available
unrestricted access was available at balance date  
to the following lines of credit:
total facilities
–  unsecured loan facility expiring in two to three years 
–  working capital facility expiring within one year 

used at balance date
–  unsecured loan facility 
–  working capital facility 

unused at balance date
–  unsecured loan facility 
–  working capital facility 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

180,000 
5,000 

180,000 
5,000 

180,000 
5,000 

180,000
5,000

185,000 

185,000 

185,000 

185,000

158,867 
438 

154,867 
398 

158,867 
438 

154,867
398

159,305 

155,265 

159,305 

155,265

21,133 
4,562 

25,695 

25,133 
4,602 

29,735 

21,133 
4,562 

25,695 

25,133
4,602

29,735

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

−  Monitoring participation in the Dividend Reinvestment plan. 
Approximately 25% of the Company’s shareholders have 
participated in the DRp since it was first activated in october 
2006, indicating it is attractive to investors, especially 
retail investors.

−  Confirming compliance with the debt covenant ratios, 

as defined in the facility agreements, through bi-annual 
calculations. the Group has complied with its banking 
covenants as follows:

− 

− 

Interest cover (eBItDA/net Interest expense) must be 
greater than 3.00:1. At 31 December 2008 this ratio was 
5.97:1 (2007: 5.40:1).

leverage ratio (net Debt/Adjusted eBItDA) must not be 
greater than 3.75:1. At 31 December 2008 this ratio was 
2.49:1 (2007: 2.47:1).

−  Maintaining an optimal leverage ratio. the optimal capital 

structure, which has the lowest cost of capital, is indicatively 
at a leverage ratio (i.e. net Debt/eBItDA) of between 3:1 and 
5:1. the Group can sustain and service higher levels of debt 
than the amount at balance date and, before the onset of the 
global financial crisis, had a longer term net debt target of 3.5x 
eBItDA. Financiers may be unwilling to lend at this ratio in the 
current markets. Where the capacity exists, debt financing will 
be used for small acquisitions and capital expenditure. In the 
absence of opportunities to invest in growing the business, the 
Group will consider applying excess debt capacity to make 
returns to shareholders (e.g. special dividends, share buy-
backs, etc). no major capital management initiatives involving 
a return to shareholders are anticipated during 2009.

−  Maintaining floating to fixed base interest rate swaps for 
at least 75% of debt principal. At 31 December 2008 the 
proportion of debt hedged was 96% (2007: 99%). the hedge 
contracts extend to the end of 2010.

−  Managing refinancing risk. the Group’s existing debt facilities 
expire in January 2011 when all the debt becomes due 
and payable. the Group is exposed to risks of refinancing 
all the amounts drawn (up to $180 million) at the one time. 
Accordingly, it is proposed future financing facilities will have a 
staggered maturity profile to reduce the risk of refinancing on 
one maturity date.

note 2: financial riSk 
management continued

(c) Liquidity risk continued
the global financial crisis has put significant pressure on many 
economies and entities, in particular, the availability of credit. 
the Group’s borrowing facilities mature in January 2011 and are 
expected to be sufficient for the Group’s anticipated needs up to 
that time. Accordingly, currently there is neither intention nor need 
to seek additional debt finance or refinance existing debt. However, 
the Group is preparing for the refinancing discussions and expects 
negotiations with financiers to commence in late 2009 or early 
2010. these preparations include financial modelling for at least 
five future years, continuing relationships with the two existing 
major Australian bi-lateral bank facility providers, exploring other 
possible financing options and developing relationships with other 
possible financiers.

(d) Capital risk management
the Group’s capital management objectives and strategies seek to 
maximise total shareholder returns, in terms of earnings per share, 
distributions and share price, while maintaining a capital structure 
with acceptable debt and financial risk.

the capital management goals can be broadly described as:

−  manage the amount of equity and the expectation of returns 
– including dividend distribution policy, dividend reinvestment 
and share buy-back policies;

−  maintain debt and gearing that is prudent, cost effective, 

supports operational needs and provides flexibility for growth 
and development; and

− 

avoid excessive exposure to interest rate fluctuations and debt 
refinancing risk.

the goals are actively managed by the use of quantifiable 
measures. these measures and relevant comments are as follows:

−  Maximising shareholder returns. earnings per share (epS)  

is a key measure and for 2008 basic epS was 28.0 cents 
(2007: 27.6 cents). Importantly, senior management of the 
Group have long-term incentives linked to epS growth, thus 
aligning employee and shareholder interests. total shareholder 
return, being the sum of cash dividends and share price 
growth, has exceeded 25% (2007: 30%) per annum since the 
Company listed in December 2003. A shareholder investing 
$1.00 in the initial public offering (Ipo) would have enjoyed 
a total return of $2.30 or 230% (2007: $3.18 or 318%) up to 
31 December 2008.

−  Maintaining a minimum ordinary dividend payout ratio of 

at least 75%. For each of the years since listing, the Group 
has distributed ordinary dividends in excess of this payout 
ratio. the aggregate of the interim and final 2008 dividends 
represents a payout ratio of 84.3% (2007: 81.8%).

64

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

note 2: financial riSk management continued

(e) Summarised sensitivity analysis
the following table summarises the sensitivity of the Group’s financial assets and financial liabilities to interest rate risk and foreign 
exchange risk net of applicable income tax.

Consolidated entity 

31 December 2008 

Interest rate risk 

Foreign exchange risk

- 100 basis points 

+ 100 basis points 

- 10% 

+ 10%

Carrying 
amount 
$’000 

Profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

Profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

Profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

Profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000

Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 
Financial liabilities
trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Derivative financial instruments 

6,414 
27,898 

(31) 
– 

– 
– 

31 
– 

(21,594) 
(158,655) 
(12,500) 

– 
86 
(1,019) 

– 
– 
(763) 

– 
(86) 
(5,650) 

Total increase/(decrease) 

(964) 

(763) 

(5,705) 

– 
– 

– 
– 
(778) 

(778) 

– 
– 

– 
(73) 
– 

– 
– 

– 
– 
(1,966) 

(73) 

(1,966) 

– 
– 

– 
89 
– 

89 

–
–

–
–
1,993

1,993

Consolidated entity 

31 December 2007 

Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 
Derivative financial instruments 
Financial liabilities
trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

Carrying 
amount 
$’000 

8,981 
27,639 
5,257 

(25,808) 
(154,547) 

Interest rate risk 

Foreign exchange risk

- 50 basis points 

+ 100 basis points 

- 10% 

+ 10%

profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000

(16) 
– 
(210) 

– 
68 

– 
– 
(1,077) 

– 
– 

30 
– 
166 

– 
(82) 

– 
– 
2,104 

– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
(52) 

(52) 

– 
– 
(1,465) 

– 
– 

(1,465) 

– 
– 
– 

– 
43 

43 

–
–
1,492

–
–

1,492

Total increase/(decrease) 

(158) 

(1,077) 

114 

2,104 

Parent entity 

31 December 2008 

Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents 
Accounts receivable 
other financial assets 
Financial liabilities
trade and other payables 
Borrowings 
Derivative financial instruments 

Total increase/(decrease) 

Carrying 
amount 
$’000 

1,056 
238,557 
16,473 

(178) 
(135,799) 
(7,036) 

Interest rate risk 

Foreign exchange risk

- 100 basis points 

+ 100 basis points 

- 10% 

+ 10%

Profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

Profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

Profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

Profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000

– 
– 
– 

– 
76 
(836) 

(760) 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
(763) 

– 
(76) 
(5,858) 

(763) 

(5,934) 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
(778) 

(778) 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 
– 

– 

–
–
–

–
–
–

–

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 2: financial riSk management continued

(e) Summarised sensitivity analysis continued

parent entity 

31 December 2007 

Financial assets
Accounts receivable 
Derivative financial instruments 
other financial assets 
Financial liabilities
trade and other payables 
Borrowings 

Total increase/(decrease) 

Carrying 
amount 
$’000 

220,799 
4,360 
15,957 

(168) 
(132,630) 

Interest rate risk 

Foreign exchange risk

- 50 basis points 

+ 100 basis points 

- 10% 

+ 10%

profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000 

profit 
$’000 

equity 
$’000

– 
8 
– 

– 
60 

68 

– 
(1,077) 
– 

– 
– 

(1,077) 

– 
(15) 
– 

– 
(74) 

(89) 

– 
2,104 
– 

– 
– 

2,104 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 

– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 

– 

– 
– 
– 

– 
– 

– 

–
–
–

–
–

–

the sensitivity analysis has been completed by applying the range values to the actual balances that existed at all points throughout 
the year.

(f) Fair value estimation
the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities must be estimated for recognition and measurement or for disclosure purposes. 
the fair value of derivatives, which are recorded on the balance sheet, are measured using the cumulative dollar offset method.

the Group does not hold any financial instruments or derivatives which are held for trading.

the carrying value less impairment provisions for trade receivables and payables is a reasonable approximation of their fair values due 
to the short-term nature of trade receivables. non-current trade receivables are discounted to their fair value in accordance with the 
accounting policy outlined in note 1(l).

except for the loan from the parent entity to its controlled entity, there is no concentration of credit risk with respect to current and 
non-current receivables as the Group has a large number of customers dispersed across Australia and Singapore.

note 3: revenue from continuing oPerationS

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

Sales revenue
  Sale of goods 
  Services revenue 
  Management fees 

other revenue 
  Rent 
  Administration fees 
  Sundry revenue 
  Dividend income:

  Wholly owned group – controlled entities 
Interest revenues
  other persons/corporations 
  Wholly-owned group – controlled entities 

total revenue from continuing operations 

66

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

105,508 
138,707 
– 

98,547 
125,371 
– 

244,215 

223,918 

265 
2,847 
1,023 

– 

642 
– 

277 
2,355 
994 

653 
– 

4,777 

4,279 

248,992 

228,197 

1,200

1,200

– –
– –
1,200 

1,200 

– –
– –
– –

– –
19,172 

49,672 

50,872 

16,963

43,463

44,663

– 

30,500 

26,500

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 4: exPenSeS

Profit before income tax includes the following specific expenses:
Depreciation
  Buildings 
  property, plant and equipment 

total depreciation 

Amortisation of non-current assets
  Cemetery land 
  leasehold land and buildings 
  leasehold improvements 
  Brand names 

total amortisation 

total depreciation and amortisation 

Finance costs

Interest paid and payable 
Interest rate swap loss 

  other finance costs 

total financing costs 

Impairment losses – financial assets
  trade receivables 

Rental expense
  operating lease rental – minimum lease payments 

Defined contribution superannuation expense 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

2,820 
5,947 

8,767 

336 
128 
146 
326 

936 

2,890 
5,196 

8,086 

365 
128 
122 
244 

859 

9,703 

8,945 

– –
– –

– –

– –
– –
– –
– –

– –

– –

10,584 
2,101 
1,011 

13,696 

10,425 
862 
808 

12,095 

9,633 
1,652 
99 

11,384 

9,549
319
98

9,966

180 

500 

6,068 

4,395 

4,657 

3,858 

– –

– –

– –

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 5: income tax exPenSe

(a) Income tax expense
Current tax 
Deferred tax 
Benefit arising from reversal of a previously recognised  
deferred tax liability of a prior period 
Impact of change of income tax rate in Singapore 
under/(over) provided in prior years 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

13,075 
(1,758) 

12,316 
(562) 

2,665 
(254) 

2,159
(1)

(475) 

– 
(174) 

– 

(84) 
45 

– –

– –
(6) 

(430)

1,728

Income tax expense attributable to continuing operations 

10,668 

11,715 

2,405 

(b) reconciliation of income tax expense to prima facie tax payable
prima facie tax at 30% (2007: 30%) on profit from ordinary activities 
tax effect of amounts which are not deductible/(taxable)  
in calculation of taxable income
  Difference in overseas tax rates 
  Share-based payments expense 
  non-assessable dividend 
  under/(over) provision in prior years  

Impact of previously unrecognised capital losses  

  offsetting gains in the prior year 
  other items (net) 

Income tax expense 

11,629 

11,810 

11,561 

10,110

(446) 
– 
– 
(174) 

(92) 
(249) 

(365) 
(15) 
– 
45 

– 
240 

– –
– –
(9,150) 
(6) 

– –
– 

(7,950)
(430)

(2)

10,668 

11,715 

2,405 

1,728

(c) Tax consolidation legislation
InvoCare limited and its wholly-owned Australian controlled entities implemented the tax consolidation legislation from 1 January 2004. 
the accounting policy in relation to this legislation is set out in note 1(g).

on adoption of the tax consolidation legislation, the entities in the tax consolidated group entered into a tax sharing and funding 
agreement which, in the opinion of the directors, limits the joint and several liability of the wholly-owned entities in the case of a default by 
the head entity InvoCare limited.

this agreement was updated on 5 June 2007 and provides that the wholly-owned entities will continue to fully compensate InvoCare 
limited for any current tax payable assumed and be compensated by InvoCare limited for any current tax receivable and deferred tax 
assets relating to unused tax losses or unused tax credits that are transferred to InvoCare limited under the tax consolidation legislation.

the amounts receivable or payable under the tax funding agreement are due upon receipt of the funding advice from the head entity, 
which is issued as soon as practicable after the end of each financial year. InvoCare Australia pty limited, as permitted by the tax funding 
agreement acts on behalf of InvoCare limited for the purpose of meeting its obligations to make tax payments, or receive refunds, and 
reimburses, or is compensated by, that entity through the intercompany loan account for amounts of tax paid, or received, except for the 
tax allocated to that entity.

(d) Tax losses
the Group has unutilised Australian capital losses with a potential benefit of $717,000 (2007: nil) at a tax rate of 30%.

68

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 6: key management PerSonnel diScloSureS

(a) Key management personnel compensation

Short-term employee benefits 
post-employment benefits 
termination benefits 
Share-based payments 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$ 

2007 
$ 

2008 

$ $

2007 

2,067,394 
140,962 
477,884 
185,941 

2,217,752 
288,036 
389,192 
129,362 

465,940 
34,060 
– –
– –

282,243
163,381

2,872,181 

3,024,342 

500,000 

445,624

Detailed remuneration disclosures are provided in sections A to C of the Remuneration Report on pages 40 to 44.

(b) Equity instrument disclosures relating to key management personnel

(i) Shares and options provided as remuneration and shares issued on exercise of such options
Details of shares and options provided as remuneration and shares issued on the exercise of such options, together with terms and 
conditions of the shares and options, can be found in section D of the Remuneration Report on pages 44 to 45.

(ii) Shareholdings
the numbers of ordinary shares in the Company held during the financial year by each director of InvoCare limited and other key 
management personnel of the Group, including indirectly by their personally related parties or by the trustee of the InvoCare Deferred 
employee Share plan, are set out below. During the year shares were granted to other key management personnel under the terms  
of the InvoCare Deferred employee Share plan the details of which are outlined in note 7.

non-executive Directors
Ian Ferrier 
Christine Clifton 
Roger penman 
Benjamin Chow 
Richard Fisher 
executive Directors
Richard Davis 
Andrew Smith 
other key management personnel
phillip Friery 

Granted 
Balance at  during year as 
start of year  compensation 

other 
changes 
during year 

Balance at 
end of year

102,401 
110,526 
– 
– 
5,263 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

(50,000) 
964 
8,000 
– 
206 

1,299,733 
20,100 

– 
20,908 

(483,282) 
– 

52,401
111,490
8,000
–
5,469

816,451
41,008

52,385 

15,789 

– 

68,174

(iii) Option holdings
At the end of the period all vested options had been exercised and there were no options over unissued shares. the numbers of 
options over ordinary shares in the Company held during the previous financial year by each director of InvoCare limited and other key 
management personnel of the Group, including their personally related parties, are set out below.

2007 

Director
Michael Grehan 
other key management  
personnel
phillip Friery 

Balance 
at start 
of year 

Vested 
at start 
of year 

Granted 
during 
year 

Vested 
during 
year 

total 
exercised 
during 
year 

Balance 
at end of 
year 

Vested and 
exercisable 
at end of 
year

140,060 

25,466 

– 

– 

– 

– 

140,060 

140,060 

25,466 

25,466 

– 

– 

–

–

(c) Loans to key management personnel
there were no loans to directors of the Company and other key management personnel.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 6: key management PerSonnel diScloSureS continued

(d) Other transactions with key management personnel
the Chairman, Ian Ferrier, is also Chairman and a shareholder of Good Health Solutions pty limited, a company which provides 
specialist medical services to the corporate sector. During the year, services were provided to the Group on normal terms and conditions 
amounting to $2,830 (2007: $10,907).

A director, Richard Fisher, is a past Chairman of partners of Blake Dawson. During 2007, this firm undertook one legal assignment on 
normal commercial terms and conditions amounting to $7,151.

the Chief Financial officer and Company Secretary, phillip Friery, is a director and shareholder of laurach pty limited (trading as Friery 
Accounting Services) and has the capacity to significantly influence decision making of that company which has provided professional 
accounting and taxation services to the consolidated entity for several years on normal commercial terms and conditions. the services 
during the year amounted to $563 (2007: $12,550).

Aggregate amounts of each of the above types of other transactions with key management personnel of the consolidated entity, including 
their personally related parties:

amounts recognised as expense
Accounting and tax advisory fees 
other professional services 
legal services 

2008 

$ $

2007 

563 
2,830 
– 

3,393 

12,550
10,907
7,151

30,608

Aggregate amounts payable at balance date to key management personnel of the Group, including their personally related parties, 
relating to the above types of other transactions:

Current liabilities 

note 7: Share-baSed PaymentS

(a) Employee shares

2007 

2008 

$ $

935 –

(i) Exempt employee share plan
During october 2006, the Company established the InvoCare exempt employee Share plan, providing plan members the opportunity to 
acquire ordinary shares in InvoCare limited to the tax free value of $1,000.

During 2008, more than 750 (2007: 650) eligible employees were invited to participate in the plan and pay the share purchase price by 
regular deductions from pre-tax wage or salary over the 12 months to 30 June 2009. the criteria for eligibility included being employed 
for a minimum six months as a full-time or permanent part-time employee. In June 2008 (2007: June), the trustee, IVC employee Share 
plan Managers pty ltd, purchased on market 32,373 (2007: 31,288) shares on behalf of 206 (2007: 192) plan members. the plan rules 
require members to leave the shares in the plan for a minimum three years after purchase, unless the member leaves the Group’s 
employment earlier. Future offers of participation may be made at the discretion of, and subject to terms and conditions determined 
by, the Board of Directors. At 31 December 2008, the balance owing by employee plan members for the purchase price of shares was 
$103,784 (2007: $92,702).

(ii) Deferred employee share plan
In 2006, following a review of long-term incentive practices by the Remuneration Committee, the Board of Directors approved the 
establishment of the InvoCare Deferred employee Share plan whereby selected key management personnel and other senior managers 
are able to participate and benefit from a range of remuneration opportunities, including long-term equity incentives to align executive and 
shareholder interests.

70

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 7: Share-baSed PaymentS continued

(a) Employee shares continued

(ii) Deferred employee share plan continued
under the terms of the plan, employees are offered a predetermined value of shares which the trustee, IVC employee Share plan 
Managers pty ltd, purchases on market. During 2008, offers were made to and accepted by a total of 42 (2007: 40) employees and  
a total of 118,578 (2007: 131,305) shares purchased on market for $750,994 (2007: $816,002) at an average price of $6.33 (2007: $6.21) 
per share. Set out below is a summary of the grants under the plan:

Grant date 

Vesting date 

purchase 
price per 
share 
$ 

Balance at 
the start of 
the year 
$’000 

Granted 
during the 
year 
$’000 

Vested 
during the 
year 
$’000 

Forfeited 
during the 
year 
$’000 

Balance at 
the end of 
the year 
$’000

Consolidated and parent entity
1 January 2006 

1 January 2007 

1 January 2007 

1 July 2007 

1 January 2008 

1 July 2008 

22 February 2008 
22 February 2009 
22 February 2010 
22 February 2009 
22 February 2010 
22 February 2011 
25 February 2009 
25 February 2010 
25 February 2011 
25 February 2009 
25 February 2010 
25 February 2011 
25 February 2010 
25 February 2011 
25 February 2012 
25 February 2010 
25 February 2011 
25 February 2012 

6.21 
6.21 
6.21 
6.33 
6.33 
6.33 
6.21 
6.21 
6.21 
6.21 
6.21 
6.21 
6.33 
6.33 
6.33 
6.33 
6.33 
6.33 

41 
41 
41 
– 
– 
– 
144 
144 
144 
60 
60 
60 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

735 

– 
– 
– 
43 
43 
43 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
192 
192 
192 
61 
61 
61 

888 

(41) 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

(41) 

– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
(3) 
(3) 
(3) 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

(9) 

–
41
41
43
43
43
144
144
144
57
57
57
192
192
192
61
61
61

1,573

performance hurdles apply to certain grants to senior managers. Generally, no shares vest in the event that compound earnings per 
share growth is less than 8% and 100% of the shares vest when earnings per share compound growth is 12% or more. Shading in 
provisions apply with partial vesting where compound earnings per share growth is greater than 8% but less than 12%.

(b) Expenses arising from share-based payment transactions
total expenses arising from share-based payment transactions recognised during the period as part of employee benefit expense were 
as follows:

options issued under employee option plan 
long-term incentive bonus share expense 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$ 

– 
562 

562 

2007 
$ 

(42) 
313 

271 

2008 
$  

2007 
$

– –
– –

– –

(c) Employee share options
InvoCare limited has no options over unissued shares granted to executive management outstanding at balance date. no options have 
been granted since 22 September 2003. the last of the options vested on 1 May 2007 and have all since been exercised.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 7: Share-baSed PaymentS continued

(d) Employee share options continued
Set out below is a summary of the movement in options during the previous year, including those held by directors and other key 
management personnel. At 31 December 2007, no options were vested and exercisable and there are no options at 31 December 2008 
over unissued shares.

Grant date 

expiry date 

exercise 
price 

Balance at 
start of year 

Issued 
during year 

exercised 
during year 

lapsed 
during year 

Balance at 
end of year

2007 – consolidated and parent entity
1 May 08 
22 Sept 2003 * 

Weighted average exercise price 
Weighted average share value at exercise 
proceeds from shares issued   

* Options issued under the Employee Share Option Plan.

$1.07 

313,228 

313,228 

$1.07 

– 

– 

313,228 

313,228 

$1.07 
$5.90 
$335,154 

– 

– 

–

–

the weighted value of shares issued on the exercise of options is based upon Australian Securities exchange daily closing prices and 
trading volumes of the Company’s shares on each of the five days up to and including the date of exercise.

note 8: remuneration of auditorS

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$ 

2007 
$ 

2008 
$  

2007 
$

During the year, the following fees were paid or payable  
for services provided by the auditor of the parent entity,  
its related practices and non-related audit firms.

(a) Audit services
pricewaterhouseCoopers – Australian firm
  Audit and review of financial reports 

non-pricewaterhouseCoopers – Singaporean firm
  Audit and review of financial reports 

total remuneration for audit services 

(b) Non-audit services
pricewaterhouseCoopers – Australian firm
  Assurance services 
  Advisory services 
  taxation services 

Related practices of pricewaterhouseCoopers – Australian firm
  legal 

non-pricewaterhouseCoopers – Singaporean firm
  other services 

total remuneration for non-audit services 

215,000 

189,000 

17,921 

16,875 

232,921 

205,875 

15,450 
12,730 
79,815 

21,163 
13,900 
129,975 

– 

6,000 

10,967 

3,367 

118,962 

174,405 

– –

– –

– –

– –
– –
– –

– –

– –

– –

It is the Company’s policy to employ pricewaterhouseCoopers on assignments additional to their statutory audit duties where 
pricewaterhouseCoopers’ expertise and experience with the consolidated entity are important and auditor independence is not 
compromised. these assignments are principally tax advice and advisory services, or where pricewaterhouseCoopers is awarded 
assignments on a competitive basis. It is the Company’s policy to seek competitive tenders for any major consulting projects.

72

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 9: dividendS

Dividends paid
Final ordinary dividend for the year ended 31 December 2007  
of 12.5 cents (2006: 11.5 cents) per fully paid share paid on  
11 April 2008 (2007: 12 April 2006), fully franked based on tax paid  
at 30% (2006: 30%) 

Interim ordinary dividend for the year ended 31 December 2008  
of 10.5 cents (2007: 10.0 cents) per share paid on 10 october 2008  
(2007: 12 october 2007), fully franked based on tax paid at 30% (2007: 30%) 

Dividends paid to members of InvoCare limited 

Dividends paid to minority interest of 7.0 cents (2007: 15.2 cents) 
per fully paid share fully franked based on tax paid at 30% (2007: 30%) 

Dividends not recognised at year end
In addition to the above dividends, since the year end, the directors  
recommended the payment of a final dividend to InvoCare limited  
shareholders of 13.0 cents (2007: 12.5 cents) per fully paid ordinary share,  
fully franked based on tax paid at 30%. the aggregate amount of the  
proposed dividend, expected to be paid on 9 April 2009 out of 2008 profits,  
but not recognised as a liability at year end is: 

Franking credit balance
the amounts of franking credits available for subsequent financial years are:

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

12,536 

11,404 

12,536 

11,404

10,530 

23,066 

9,991 

21,395 

10,530 

23,066 

9,991

21,395

56 

122 

– –

23,122 

21,517 

23,066 

21,395

13,104 

12,536 

13,104 

12,536

Franking account balance at the end of the financial year 

16,935 

14,664 

16,814 

14,022

Franking credits that will arise from the payment of income tax payable  
at the end of the financial year 

Reduction in franking account resulting from payment of proposed  
final dividend of 13.0 cents (2007: 12.5 cents) 

3,813 

4,064 

3,429 

3,790

(5,616) 

(5,373) 

15,132 

13,355 

(5,616) 

14,627 

(5,373)

12,439

note 10: earningS Per Share

reconciliation of earnings to Profit and Loss
profit from ordinary activities after income tax 
less profit attributable to minority interests 

profit used to calculate basic and diluted epS 

Weighted average number of shares used as a denominator
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used as the denominator  
in calculating basic earnings per share  

Weighted average number of ordinary shares used as the denominator  
in calculating diluted earnings per share 

Consolidated entity

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

28,094 
(68) 

28,026 

27,651
(97)

27,554

2008 
number  

2007 
number

100,215,660 

99,657,830

100,215,660 

99,657,830

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 11: caSh and caSh equivalentS

Cash on hand  
Cash at bank  

Cash at bank attracts floating interest rates between  
3.9% and 7.0% (2007: 5.5% and 6.5%)
Reconciliation to cash at the end of the year:
the above figures are reconciled to cash at the end of the  
financial year as shown in the cash flow statements as follows: 
  Balances as above 
  Bank overdraft (note 19) 

Balances per cash flow statements 

note 12: trade and other receivableS

Current
trade receivables  
provision for doubtful receivables  
prepayments 
other receivables  

non-current
trade receivables 
provision for doubtful receivables 
Security deposits 
other receivables 
loan to controlled entity 

(a) Impaired receivables
Movements in the provision for impairment of receivables are as follows:

As at 1 January 
provision for impairment recognised during the year 
Receivables written off as uncollectible 
effect of movements in exchange rates 

As at 31 December 

74

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

53 
6,361 

6,414 

2007 
$’000 

60 
8,921 

8,981 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

– –
1,056 –

1,056 –

6,414 
– 

6,414 

8,981 
– 

8,981 

1,056 –
– 

1,056 

(929)

(929)

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

17,329 
(1,531) 
1,803 
809 

17,313 
(1,371) 
1,722 
903 

18,410 

18,567 

– –
– –
19 
– –

19 

18

18

8,987 
(157) 
251 
407 
– 

9,488 

8,763 
(312) 
180 
441 
– 

9,072 

– –
– –
– –
– –
238,538 

220,781

238,538 

220,781

Consolidated entity

2008 
$’000  

1,683 
180 
(177) 
2 9

1,688 

2007 
$’000

1,495
500
(321)

1,683

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 13: inventorieS

Current
Work in progress – at cost 
Finished goods – at cost 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

– 
13,691 

13,691 

744 
12,426 

13,170 

– –
– –

– –

note 14: SubSidiarieS
the consolidated financial statements incorporate the assets, liabilities and results of InvoCare limited and the following controlled 
entities in accordance with the accounting policy in note 1(b).

name of entity 

InvoCare Australia pty limited  
  new South Wales Cremation Company pty limited 
  Cremations (newcastle) Holdings pty limited 

  Cremations (newcastle) pty limited 
  Macquarie Memorial park pty limited 

  Macquarie Funeral Service pty limited 

  novocastrian Funerals pty limited 

  novocastrian Funerals unit trust 
  Catholic Funerals newcastle pty limited 

  Mead & purslowe pty limited 
  Mead & purslowe trading trust 
  oakwood Funerals pty limited 
  Dignity pre-Arranged Funerals pty limited 
  Memorial Guardian plan pty limited 
  pine Grove Forest lawn Funeral Benefit Company pty limited 
  Kitleaf pty limited 
  the Australian Cremation Society pty limited 
  Metropolitan Burial and Cremation Society Funeral Contribution Fund pty limited 
  labor Funerals Contribution Fund pty limited 
  purslowe Custodians pty limited 
  Beresfield Funerals pty limited 
  Restbind pty limited 
  D & J Drysdale pty ltd 
  liberty Funerals pty limited 
IVC employee Share plan Managers pty ltd 
InvoCare (Singapore) pty limited 
  Singapore Casket Company (private) limited 

  Casket palace pte ltd 
InvoCare new Zealand limited 

equity Holding

Country of 
incorporation 

2008 

% %

2007 

Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Australia 
Singapore 
Singapore 
  new Zealand 

100 
100 
100 
100 
83 
83 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 

100
100
100
100
83
83
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

Shares in subsidiaries are carried at cost and relate to InvoCare limited’s ownership interest in InvoCare Australia pty limited, 
InvoCare (Singapore) pty limited, InvoCare new Zealand limited and IVC employee Share plan Managers pty ltd. All shares held 
are ordinary shares.

InvoCare Australia pty limited and InvoCare (Singapore) pty limited have been granted relief from the necessity to prepare financial 
reports in accordance with Class order 98/1418 issued by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. For further information 
refer to note 30.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 15: ProPerty, Plant and equiPment

Consolidated entity

Cemetery 
land 
$’000 

Freehold 
land 
$’000 

Buildings 
$’000 

leasehold 
land and 
buildings 
$’000 

leasehold 
improvements 
$’000 

plant and 
equipment 
$’000 

total 
$’000

106,278 

44,825 

81,584 

4,466 

1,690 

59,574 

298,417

at 1 January 2008
Cost 
Accumulated  
depreciation/amortisation 
Impairment write-downs 

(4,514) 
(15,976) 

– 
– 

(24,463) 
– 

net book amount 

85,788 

44,825 

57,121 

Year ended 31 December 2008
Additions 
Business combinations 
Disposals 
Depreciation/amortisation charge 
effect of movement in exchange rates 
transfers/reclassifications 

267 
– 
– 
(336) 
– 
(1,335) 

299 
360 
(1) 
– 
1,906 
(92) 

6,350 
45 
(454) 
(2,820) 
813 
1,124 

(1,838) 
– 

2,628 

– 
– 
– 
(128) 
– 
– 

Closing net book amount 

84,384 

47,297 

62,179 

2,500 

(914) 
– 

776 

307 
9 
(9) 
(146) 
– 
(31) 

906 

(37,997) 
– 

(69,726)
(15,976)

21,577 

212,715

9,136 
59 
(353) 
(5,947) 
157 
334 

16,359
473
(817)
(9,377)
2,876
–

24,963 

222,229

105,209 

47,297 

89,423 

4,466 

1,960 

63,536 

311,891

net book amount 

84,384 

47,297 

62,179 

(4,849) 
(15,976) 

– 
– 

(27,244) 
– 

(1,966) 
– 

2,500 

(1,054) 
– 

(38,573) 
– 

(73,686)
(15,976)

906 

24,963 

222,229

106,334 

41,438 

76,227 

4,466 

1,516 

55,895 

285,876

(4,148) 
(15,976) 

– 
– 

(21,213) 
– 

net book amount 

86,210 

41,438 

55,014 

Year ended 31 December 2007
Additions 
Business combinations 
Disposals 
Depreciation/amortisation charge 
effect of movement in exchange rates 
Assets no longer classified  
as held for sale 
transfers/Reclassifications 

41 
– 
(49) 
(365) 
– 

– 
(49) 

2,801 
– 
(121) 
– 
(339) 

1,394 
(348) 

3,670 
– 
(88) 
(2,890) 
(133) 

1,689 
(142) 

(1,709) 
– 

2,757 

– 
– 
– 
(128) 
– 

– 
(1) 

(991) 
– 

525 

349 
29 
(4) 
(122) 
– 

– 
(1) 

(40,042) 
– 

(68,103)
(15,976)

15,853 

201,797

10,505 
174 
(269) 
(5,196) 
(31) 

– 
541 

17,366
203
(531)
(8,701)
(503)

3,083
–

Closing net book amount 

85,788 

44,825 

57,121 

2,628 

776 

21,577 

212,715

at 31 December 2007
Cost 
Accumulated  
depreciation/amortisation 
Impairment write-downs 

106,278 

44,825 

81,584 

4,466 

1,690 

59,574 

298,417

(4,514) 
(15,976) 

– 
– 

(24,463) 
– 

(1,838) 
– 

2,628 

(914) 
– 

776 

(37,997) 
– 

(69,726)
(15,976)

21,577 

212,715

net book amount 

85,788 

44,825 

57,121 

76

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

at 31 December 2008
Cost 
Accumulated  
depreciation/amortisation 
Impairment write-downs 

at 1 January 2007
Cost 
Accumulated  
depreciation/amortisation 
Impairment write downs 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 15: ProPerty, Plant and equiPment continued

(a) Parent entity
the parent entity does not have any property, plant and equipment.

(b) Assets in the course of construction
the carrying amounts of assets disclosed above include the following expenditure recognised in relation to property, plant and equipment 
which is in the course of construction:

Cemetery land 
Freehold buildings 
leasehold improvements 
plant and equipment 

total assets in the course of construction 

(c) Impairment

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

51 
2,008 
10 
1,293 

3,362 

2007 
$’000 

– 
1,806 
5 
940 

2,751 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

– –
– –
– –
– –

– –

(i) 2008
All impaired cemetery and crematorium sites were reassessed at 31 December 2008 using the same methodology as previously applied 
and no change to the impairment provision was considered necessary in 2008.

the impairment losses may be reversed in future years. the Group has no impairment at other cemetery and crematorium sites, or of 
other property, plant and equipment assets. the total recoverable amount of the Group’s assets is well in excess of carrying value.

the recoverable amount of cash generating units is based on value-in-use calculations. these calculations use cash flow projections 
based on financial estimates approved by management based on past performance and future expectations. the cash flows cover an 
initial five-year period and are then extrapolated beyond five years using estimated growth rates in revenues and expenses which are not 
inconsistent with historical trends and forecasts included in reports prepared by market analysts. the pre-tax discount rate used was 
10.6% (2007: 12.3%), reflecting the risk estimates for the business as a whole.

(ii) 2007
All impaired cemetery and crematorium sites were reassessed at 31 December 2007 using the same methodology as previously applied 
and no change to the impairment provision was considered necessary in 2007.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 16: intangible aSSetS

at 1 January 2008
Cost 
Accumulated amortisation 

net book amount 

Year ended 31 December 2008
Acquisition of subsidiary/businesses 
effect of movement in exchange rates 
Amortisation charge 

net book amount 

at 31 December 2008
Cost 
Accumulated amortisation 

net book amount 

at 1 January 2007
Cost 
Accumulated amortisation 

net book amount 

Year ended 31 December 2007
Acquisition of subsidiary/businesses 
effect of movement in exchange rates 
Amortisation charge 

net book amount 

at 31 December 2007
Cost 
Accumulated amortisation 

net book amount 

Consolidated entity

Goodwill 
$’000 

Brand name 
$’000  

total 
$’000

53,945 
– 

53,945 

1,998 
3,175 
– 

59,118 

59,118 
– 

59,118 

45,199 
– 

45,199 

9,055 
(309) 
– 

2,866 
(354) 

2,512 

455 
232 
(326) 

56,811
(354)

56,457

2,453
3,407
(326)

2,873 

61,991

3,612 
(739) 

2,873 

2,202 
(113) 

2,089 

733 
(69) 
(241) 

62,730
(739)

61,991

47,401
(113)

47,288

9,788
(378)
(241)

53,945 

2,512 

56,457

53,945 
– 

53,945 

2,866 
(354) 

2,512 

56,811
(354)

56,457

(a) Parent entity
the parent entity does not have any intangible assets.

(b) Impairment test for goodwill
For the Group’s Australian-based operations, goodwill cannot be allocated on a non-arbitrary basis to individual cash generating 
units (CGus) due to the significant history of numerous acquisitions, especially during the years 1993 to 1999, and resulting post-
acquisition business integration activities and operational changes over many years. the Singapore operation is a separate CGu and 
the associated goodwill arising from that acquisition has been allocated to that single Singaporean CGu. As a result, the lowest level 
within the Group at which goodwill is monitored for management purposes comprises the grouping of all CGus within a country of 
operation. the recoverable amounts of the total of Australian CGus and of the Singaporean CGu are based on value-in-use calculations. 
these calculations use cash flow projections based on financial estimates approved by management covering a five-year period. 
Cash flows beyond the five-year period have been extrapolated using estimated growth rates.

(c) Key assumptions used for value-in-use calculations
Management determined budgeted cash flows based on past performance and its expectations for the future. the growth rates 
used for revenue and expense projections are not inconsistent with historical trends and forecasts included in reports prepared by 
market analysts. the pre-tax discount rate used was 10.6% (2007: 12.3%), reflecting the risk estimates for the business as a whole. 
Sensitivity analysis indicates significant headroom exists in the value-in-use calculations for both Australia and Singapore compared 
to the carrying value of goodwill.

78

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 17: derivative financial inStrumentS

non-current assets
Interest rate swap contracts – cash flow hedges 
Cross currency basis swap contracts 

non-current liabilities
Interest rate swap contracts – cash flow hedges 
Cross currency basis swap contracts 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

– 
– 

– 

3,712 
1,545 

5,257 

– 
– –

– 

4,360

4,360

8,133 
4,367 

12,500 

– 
– 

– 

7,036 –
– –

7,036 –

Full details of the derivatives being used by the Group and the risks and aging of the existing derivatives are set out in note 2 – Financial 
risk management.

note 18: trade and other PayableS

Current
trade payables 
Sundry payables and accrued expenses 
Deferred cash settlement for business interests acquired 

non-current
Deferred cash settlement for business interests acquired 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

16,630 
4,066 
321 

21,017 

16,640 
5,331 
3,586 

25,557 

577 

577 

251 

251 

168

168

178 
– –
– –

178 

– –

– –

Full details of the risks and currency exposure of trade and other payments are set out in note 2 – Financial risk management.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 19: borrowingS

Short-term borrowings
Bank overdraft 

Long-term borrowings
Borrowings are represented by:
principal amount of bank loans – unsecured 
loan establishment costs 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

– 

929

929

158,867 
(212) 

154,867 
(320) 

136,000 
(201) 

132,000
(299)

158,655 

154,547 

135,799 

131,701

Full details of the risks, aging and available facilities are set out in note 2 – Financial risk management.

note 20: ProviSionS for emPloyee benefitS

Current
employee benefits 

non-current
liability for long service leave 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

8,538 

8,079 

1,289 

1,067 

– –

– –

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
number 

2007 
number 

2008 
number  

2007 
number

(a) Employee numbers
number of full-time equivalent employees 

993 

923 

– –

(b) Superannuation plan
the Company contributes to accumulation-type employee superannuation plans in accordance with statutory requirements.

80

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 21: deferred tax aSSetS and liabilitieS

Deferred tax (asset)/liability
the deferred tax (asset)/liability balances comprised  
temporary differences attributable to:
Amounts recognised in profit or loss:
  Cemetery land 
  property, plant and equipment 
  leasehold land and buildings 
  Deferred selling costs 
  prepayment and other 
  Brand names 
  provisions 
  Receivables 
  Accruals and other 
  loan establishment costs 
  Derivatives 
Amounts recognised directly in equity:
  Foreign currency reserve 
  Cash flow hedges 
  Deferred employee share plan 

the net movement in the deferred tax (asset)/liability is as follows:
Balance at the beginning of the year 
net charge (credit) to income statement 
Amounts recognised due to business combinations 
Amounts recognised directly in equity 
Impact of change of income tax rate in Singapore 
Adjustment to previously recognised balances 
effect of movements in exchange rates 

Balance at the end of the year 

Deferred tax liabilities/(assets) to be settled within 12 months 
Deferred tax liabilities to be settled after more than 12 months 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

25,241 
6,705 
95 
2,447 
104 
736 
(3,539) 
(115) 
(1,271) 
(20) 
(959) 

(1,379) 
(1,412) 
222 

25,812 
7,212 
97 
2,445 
35 
642 
(3,295) 
143 
(1,476) 
14 
(401) 

395 
1,511 
256 

26,855 

33,390 

33,390 
(1,758) 
161 
(4,919) 
– 
(206) 
187 

32,317 
(562) 
174 
1,509 
(84) 
– 
36 

26,855 

33,390 

(2,945) 
29,800 

(2,659) 
36,049 

26,855 

33,390 

– –
– –
– –
– –
– 
– –
– –
– –
(40) 
(4) –
(699) 

– –
(1,412) 
472 

(1,683) 

1,509 
(254) 
– –
(3,145) 
– –
207 –
– –

(1,683) 

112 
(1,795) 

(1,683) 

(5)

(49)

(204)

1,511
256

1,509

411
(1)

1,099

1,509

462
1,047

1,509

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 22: contributed equity

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

Fully paid ordinary shares 

71,806 

70,125 

71,806 

70,125

2008 
number 

2008 
$’000 

2007 
number 

2007 
$’000

ordinary shares
Balance at the beginning of the financial year 
Issued pursuant to exercise of share options 
Dividend reinvestment plan issues 
transferred from share-based payment reserve 

  100,287,325 
– 
512,114 
– 

70,696 
– 
2,683 
– 

99,025,548 
313,228 
948,549 
– 

Total contributed equity – parent entity 

  100,799,439 

73,379 

100,287,325 

64,473
335
5,687
201

70,696

treasury shares 

(249,697) 

(1,573) 

(131,308) 

(571)

Total consolidated contributed equity 

  100,549,742 

71,806 

100,156,017 

70,125

(a) Ordinary shares
ordinary shares entitle the holder to participate in dividends and the proceeds on winding up of the Company in proportion to the number 
of and amounts paid on the shares held. on a show of hands every holder of ordinary shares present at a meeting in person or by proxy, 
is entitled to one vote, and upon a poll each share is entitled to one vote.

(b) Treasury shares
treasury shares are shares in InvoCare limited that are held by the InvoCare Deferred employee Share plan trust for the purpose of 
issuing shares under the InvoCare Deferred employee Share plan, as set out in note 7.

Date 

Details 

1 January 2007 
6 to 25 July 2007 

opening balance 
Acquisition of shares by the trust 

31 December 2007/1 January 2008 

Closing/opening balance 

11 February 2008 
22 February 2008 
11 March 2008 

1 to 3 July 2008 

31 December 2008 

Forfeit of shares on termination of employment 
Shares vested 
Acquisition of shares by the trust and  
reallocation of previously forfeited shares 
Acquisition of shares by the trust 

Balance 

number of 
shares 

$’000

– 
131,308 

131,308 

(14,397) 
(6,700) 

20,908 

118,578 

249,697 

–
571

571

257
(41)

35

751

1,573

(c) Dividend reinvestment plan
During 2006, the Company activated its Dividend Reinvestment plan under which holders of ordinary shares may elect to have all or part 
of their dividend entitlements satisfied by the issue of new ordinary shares rather than by being paid in cash.

82

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 23: reServeS and retained ProfitS

(a) Reserves
Share-based payment reserve 
Hedging reserve – cash flow hedge reserve 
Foreign currency translation reserve 

Movements:
Share-based payments reserve
  Balance at the beginning of the year 
  options/deferred employee share plan expense 
  transfer to share capital upon exercise of options 
  Vesting of deferred employee share plan shares 
  Deferred tax 

Balance at the end of the year 

Hedging reserve
  Balance at the beginning of the year 
  Revaluation to fair value – gross 
  Deferred tax 

Balance at the end of the year 

Foreign currency translation reserve
  Balance at the beginning of the year 
  Revaluation to fair value – gross 
  Deferred tax 
  Currency translation differences 

Balance at the end of the year 

(b) Retained profits/(accumulated losses)
Movements in retained profits/(accumulated losses) were as follows:
  Balance at the beginning of the year 
  net profit for the year 
  Dividends paid during the year 

Balance at the end of the year 

(c) Nature and purpose of reserves

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

963 
(3,293) 
1,681 

(649) 

221 
562 
– 
(42) 
222 

963 

3,527 
(9,743) 
2,923 

(3,293) 

(244) 
(5,913) 
1,774 
6,064 

1,681 

221 
3,527 
(244) 

3,504 

246 
271 
(201) 
– 
(95) 

221 

962 
3,664 
(1,099) 

3,527 

(37) 
1,061 
(410) 
(858) 

(244) 

221
3,527

3,748

246
271
(201)

(95)

221

962
3,664
(1,099)

3,527

963 
(3,293) 
– –

(2,330) 

221 
562 
– 
(42) –
222 

963 

3,527 
(9,743) 
2,923 

(3,293) 

– –
– –
– –
– –

– –

(14,175) 
28,026 
(23,066) 

(20,334) 
27,554 
(21,395) 

28,786 
36,131 
(23,066) 

18,208
31,973
(21,395)

(9,215) 

(14,175) 

41,851 

28,786

(i) Share-based payments reserve
the share-based payments reserve is used to recognise the expensed portion of shares granted to employees under the terms of the 
Deferred employee Share plan.

(ii) Hedging reserve – cash flow hedge reserve
the hedging reserve is used to record gains or losses on hedging instruments that are cash flow hedges which are recognised directly in 
equity. Amounts are recognised in profit and loss when the associated hedged transaction affects the profit and loss.

(iii) Foreign currency translation reserve
exchange differences arising on translation of the foreign controlled entity are taken to the foreign currency translation reserve as set out 
in note 1(d). the reserve is recognised in the profit and loss when the net investment is sold.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 23: reServeS and retained ProfitS continued

(d) Transition to AIFRS
the transition to AIFRS resulted in $47,084,000 being charged against retained earnings of the consolidated entity at 1 January 2004. 
these adjustments primarily related to the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and impairment losses on cemetery and crematorium land 
and gave rise to consolidated net accumulated losses. there is a possibility the deferred tax liability may be reversed in a future reporting 
period if a change to AIFRS currently under consideration by the standard setting authorities is adopted.

the AIFRS transitional adjustments will not materially adversely impact or restrict the Group’s current and future profitability, cash flows or 
dividend capability. Since making the transition to AIFRS, the Group has distributed all available previous AGAAp profits as dividends and 
continues to distribute dividends from AIFRS reported profits.

the following table shows the movements in the consolidated entity’s retained earnings/(accumulated losses) since transition to AIFRS on 
1 January 2004, set out in separate sub-account components relating to: firstly, previously reported AGAAp retained earnings; secondly, 
the AIFRS transitional adjustments to retained earnings; and finally, AIFRS determined profits. the amounts of retained earnings AIFRS 
transitional adjustments which have since reversed into profits amount to $3,771,000 (2007: $2,575,000). these are shown as transfers in 
the table below and comprise:

− 

reversal of non-current asset impairment losses of $1,691,000 (net of tax) recognised on transition;

−  AASB 132 and AASB 139 financial instruments adjustments $861,000 (net of tax); and

− 

reversal of temporary differences relating to the deferred tax liability established at transition to AIFRS $2,941,000.

Balance of retained profits/(accumulated losses) as at 1 January 2004 
profit after tax for the 2004 year 
Dividends paid during 2004 
transitional AIFRS adjustments on 1 January 2005  
relating to adoption of AASB 132 and AASB 139 
profit after tax for the 2005 year 
Dividends paid during 2005 
profit after tax for the 2006 year 
Dividends paid during 2006 
profit after tax for the 2007 year 
Dividends paid during 2007 
profit after tax for the 2008 year 
Dividends paid during 2008 
transfers between sub-accounts 

previously 
reported 
AGAAp 
earnings 
$’000 

transitional 
AIFRS 
adjustments 
to retained 
earnings 
$’000 

post AIFRS 
adoption 
reported 
earnings 
$’000 

11,033 
17,088 
(6,080) 

– 
– 
(22,041) 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

(47,084) 
– 
– 

861 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
3,771 

– 
2,167 
– 

– 
20,141 
(3,462) 
24,047 
(17,004) 
27,554 
(21,395) 
28,026 
(23,066) 
(3,771) 

total 
$’000

(36,051)
19,255
(6,080)

861
20,141
(25,503)
24,047
(17,004)
27,554
(21,395)
28,026
(23,066)
–

Balance of retained earnings/(accumulated losses) as at 31 December 2008  

– 

(42,452) 

33,237 

(9,215)

note 24: minority intereSt

Reconciliation of minority interests in controlled entities:
Share capital 

Retained earnings
  Balance at the beginning of the year 
  Add share of operating profit 
  less dividends paid 

  Closing balance of retained earnings 

Reserves 

Balance at the end of the year 

84

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

800 

800 

126 
68 
(56) 

138 

99 

151 
97 
(122) 

126 

99 

1,037 

1,025 

– –

– –
– –
– –

– –

– –

– –

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 25: caPital and leaSing commitmentS

(a) Operating lease commitments
non-cancellable operating leases contracted for at the  
reporting date but not capitalised in the financial statements:
payable – minimum lease payments
–  not later than 12 months 
–  between 12 months and five years 
–  greater than five years 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

5,714 
9,817 
10,157 

25,688 

5,206 
9,335 
11,038 

25,579 

– –
– –
– –

– –

non-cancellable operating leases contracted for at the reporting date but not capitalised in the financial statements include the following:

not later than 12 months 
Between 12 months and five years 
Greater than five years 

property 
$’000 

equipment  Motor vehicles 
$’000 

$’000 

total 
$’000

4,993 
9,083 
10,157 

24,233 

147 
458 
– 

605 

574 
276 
– 

850 

5,714
9,817
10,157

25,688

the Group leases premises, motor vehicles and sundry office equipment under non-cancellable operating leases with terms generally 
from one to five years. the Rookwood Crematorium lease expires in 2025.

(b) Capital expenditure commitments
Capital expenditure commitments contracted for at the  
reporting date but not recognised as liabilities payable:
  Building extensions and refurbishments

– within one year 

  plant and equipment purchases

– within one year 

(c) Other expenditure commitments
Commitments for the construction of crypts, contracted for at the  
reporting date but not recognised as liabilities payable:

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

1,237 

1,422 

335 

1,364 

– –

– –

– within one year 

3,712 

1,579 

– –

note 26: buSineSS combinationS
During 2008, the Group acquired the funeral businesses of Christian Funerals, which operates in perth, Australia and Southern Cross 
Funerals, which operates in Melbourne, Australia. the accounting for the December 2007 Chipper business combination which had 
been completed on a provisional basis was finalised. pursuant to the purchase agreements in prior years, further payments were made in 
2008 in relation to liberty Funerals which operates in Sydney, the Singapore Casket Company which operates in Singapore and Drysdale 
Funerals which operates on the Sunshine Coast in Queensland. Further details of these acquisitions are set out below.

Christian Funerals

(a) Summary of the Christian Funerals acquisition
on 1 August 2008, a subsidiary, InvoCare Australia pty limited, acquired the Christian Funerals business assets. the business operates 
from one location in perth, Western Australia.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 26: buSineSS combinationS continued

(a) Summary of the Christian Funerals acquisition continued
During 2008, Christian Funerals contributed revenues of $1.0 million and an eBItDA of $0.2 million. Further integration of the business 
with other InvoCare businesses in the perth region is underway.

Details of the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired and goodwill are as follows:

purchase consideration (refer to (b) below):
  Cash paid 
  Direct costs relating to the acquisition 

Sub-total 
  Anticipated additional consideration 

total purchase consideration 
Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired (refer to (c) below): 

Goodwill  

(b) Christian Funerals purchase consideration
outflow of cash to acquire the business, net of cash acquired
  Cash consideration for Christian’s business 

outflow of cash 

$’000

1,398
204

1,602
491

2,093
300

1,793

1,398

1,398

Additional consideration will be payable in cash in the future in respect of the business assets based on the achievement of 
pre-determined revenue growth targets over a three-year period from July 2008. therefore, additional consideration has been brought 
to account as a component of the goodwill arising on the acquisition.

the purchase price of the business of Christian Funerals was determined using expected future maintainable earnings. this has resulted 
in the recognition of goodwill which relates to synergies expected to be achieved as a result of combining Christian Funerals with the rest 
of the Group.

(c) Christian Funerals assets and liabilities acquired
the assets and liabilities arising from the acquisition are as follows:

Inventories 
other current assets 
property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets: Brand name 
provisions 
Deferred tax liabilities 

net identifiable assets acquired 

Acquiree’s 
carrying 
amount 
$’000 

16 
32 
161 
– 
(9) 
– 

200 

Fair 
value 
$’000

16
32
161
143
(13)
(39)

300

the initial accounting for the business combination has been determined provisionally as at the acquisition date. the fair values assigned 
to the identifiable assets, liabilities or contingent liabilities may require adjustment as at the acquisition date. under AASB 3 Business 
Combinations any adjustments to those provisional values as a result of completing the initial accounting may be recognised within 
12 months of the acquisition date.

Southern Cross Funerals

(a) Summary of the Southern Cross Funerals acquisition
on 15 october 2008, a subsidiary, InvoCare Australia pty limited, acquired the Southern Cross Funerals business assets including the 
land and buildings used by the business. the business operates from a single location in the south east of Melbourne, Victoria.

During 2008, the Southern Cross Funerals business contributed revenues of less than $0.1 million and broke even on an eBItDA basis. 
the business is in the process of being integrated into the InvoCare Melbourne operations.

86

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 26: buSineSS combinationS continued 

(a) Summary of the Southern Cross Funerals acquisition continued
Details of the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired and goodwill are as follows:

purchase consideration (refer to (b) below):
  Cash paid 
  Direct costs relating to the acquisition 

Sub-total 
  Anticipated additional consideration 

total purchase consideration 
Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired (refer to (c) below): 

Goodwill  

(b) Southern Cross Funerals purchase consideration
outflow of cash to acquire the business, net of cash acquired
  Cash consideration for Southern Cross business 

outflow of cash 

$’000

463
55

518
125

643
446

197

463

463

Additional consideration will be payable in cash in the future in respect of the business assets based on the achievement of 
pre-determined revenue growth targets in the 12 months from acquisition. therefore, additional consideration has been brought 
to account as a component of the goodwill arising on the acquisition.

the purchase price of the business of Southern Cross Funerals was determined using expected future maintainable earnings. this has 
resulted in the recognition of goodwill which relates to synergies expected to be achieved as a result of combining Southern Cross with 
the rest of the Group.

(c) Southern Cross Funerals assets and liabilities acquired
the assets and liabilities arising from the acquisition are as follows:

Inventories 
other current assets 
property, plant and equipment 
land and building 
Intangible assets: Brand name 
Deferred tax liabilities 

net identifiable assets acquired 

Acquiree’s 
carrying 
amount 
$’000 

1 
13 
14 
350 
– 
– 

378 

Fair 
Value 
$’000

1
13
14
400
43
(25)

446

the initial accounting for the business combination has been determined provisionally as at the acquisition date. the fair values assigned 
to the identifiable assets, liabilities or contingent liabilities may require adjustment as at the acquisition date. under AASB 3 Business 
Combinations any adjustments to those provisional values as a result of completing the initial accounting may be recognised within 
12 months of the acquisition date.

Chippers Funerals

(a) Summary of the Chippers acquisition
on 13 December 2007, oakwood Funerals pty limited, a subsidiary of InvoCare Australia pty limited, acquired the Chippers Funeral 
business assets. the business operates from five locations in the Western Australian market.

During 2008, the Chippers business contributed revenues of $5.6 million. During the year, it was integrated into InvoCare’s existing 
businesses in the perth region and it is estimated that it contributed around $1.0 million to eBItDA.

At 31 December 2007 the accounting for the business combination had only been determined provisionally. the final accounting for the 
business combination resulted in an increase in the total consideration and costs of $367,000 and an increase in brand name valuation of 
$269,000. this resulted in an increase of $64,000 in goodwill.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 26: buSineSS combinationS continued

Chippers Funerals continued

(a) Summary of the Chippers acquisition continued
Details of the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired and goodwill are as follows:

purchase consideration (refer to (b) below):
  Cash paid 
  Direct costs relating to the acquisition 

total purchase consideration 
Fair value of net identifiable assets acquired (refer to (c) below): 

Goodwill  

(b) Chippers Funerals purchase consideration
outflow of cash to acquire the business, net of cash acquired
  Cash consideration for Chippers business 
  Cash consideration for equity instruments 

outflow of cash 

(c) Chippers Funerals assets and liabilities acquired
the assets and liabilities arising from the acquisition are as follows:

Inventories 
property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets: Brand name 
provisions 
Deferred tax liabilities 

net identifiable assets acquired 

$’000

4,753
518

5,271
791

4,480

2,597
2,156

4,753

Fair 
value 
$’000

84
300
715
(134)
(174)

791

Acquiree’s 
carrying 
amount 
$’000 

84 
300 
– 
(134) 
– 

250 

Liberty Funerals Pty Limited
on 1 March 2007, InvoCare Australia pty limited, a wholly-owned Australian subsidiary of InvoCare limited, acquired 100% of the issued 
share capital of liberty Funerals pty limited. this company operates a funeral business in Sydney, Australia.

Additional purchase consideration of $700,000 was paid in February 2008 in accordance with the contract. the payment was in line with 
expectations following the achievement of pre-determined eBItDA benchmarks established at the time of the initial acquisition.

Singapore Casket Company (Private) Limited
In 2006, InvoCare (Singapore) pty limited, a wholly-owned Australian subsidiary of InvoCare limited, acquired 100% of the issued share 
capital of Singapore Casket Company (private) limited, incorporated in the Republic of Singapore. this company operates a funeral 
business in Singapore.

Additional purchase consideration of $932,000 was paid during March 2008 in accordance with the contract. this amount was less than 
originally anticipated by $11,000 due to the appreciation of the Australian dollar compared to the Singapore dollar. the contract provided 
for additional purchase consideration in the event the pre-determined eBItDA target was achieved in 2007. the acquired entity met 
these targets and consideration of $932,000 became due and payable. the difference between the final deferred payment and the initial 
estimate was brought to account as a component of the goodwill arising on the acquisition.

Drysdale Funerals
In July 2006, the Group acquired 100% of the issued share capital of D & J Drysdale pty ltd together with business assets including 
property, some of which were acquired in March 2006, from persons or entities related to the company. the business trades as Drysdale 
Funerals on the Sunshine Coast in Queensland. the second additional payment of $100,000, which has already been brought to 
account, in respect of restraint and retention amounts, was made during 2008.

88

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 27: contingent liabilitieS and contingent aSSetS

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

the parent entity and consolidated entity had contingent liabilities  
at 31 December 2008 in respect of bank guarantees given for leased  
premises of controlled entities to a maximum of: 

438 

398 

438  

398

For information about the deed of cross guarantees given by InvoCare limited, InvoCare Australia pty limited and InvoCare (Singapore) 
pty limited, refer to note 30. no deficiencies of assets exist in any of these companies.

no liability was recognised by the parent entity or the consolidated entity in relation to the guarantees as the fair value of the guarantees is 
immaterial.

note 28: Segment rePorting

(a) Description of segments
Management has determined that the operating segments should be based on the management reporting regularly reviewed by the Chief 
executive officer. this reporting is based on the operational location of the business because different economic and cultural factors 
impact the growth and profitability of the segment.

(b) Segment information provided to the Chief Executive Officer
the segment information provided to the Chief executive officer for reportable segments to 31 December 2008 is as follows:

Australian operations 

Singapore operations 

Consolidated entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

Sales revenue
Funerals
  Comparable 
  Acquired businesses 

total funerals 
Cemeteries and crematoria 
elimination of intra-group sales 

Revenue from external customers 
other revenue (excluding interest income) 
operating expenses 

normalised operating eBItDA 
Depreciation and amortisation 
Finance costs 
Interest income 
Income tax expense 

normalised profit after tax 
profit/(loss) on sale of assets 
Minority interest 

net profit after tax attributable to equity  
holders of InvoCare limited 

Acquisition of property, plant and  
equipment and intangibles 

174,178 
9,767 

183,945 
58,453 
(6,556) 

235,842 
4,065 
(182,353) 

57,554 
(9,088) 
(12,098) 
642 
(10,522) 

26,488 
(250) 
(68) 

163,373 
2,479 

165,852 
57,295 
(6,612) 

216,535 
3,561 
(164,919) 

55,177 
(8,336) 
(10,605) 
642 
(11,334) 

25,544 
542 
(97) 

8,373 
– 

8,373 
– 
– 

8,373 
69 
(4,121) 

4,321 
(615) 
(1,598) 
– 
(253) 

1,855 
1 
– 

7,383 
– 

7,383 
– 
– 

7,383 
65 
(3,690) 

3,758 
(609) 
(1,490) 
11 
(141) 

1,529 
36 
– 

182,551 
9,767 

192,318 
58,453 
(6,556) 

244,215 
4,134 
(186,474) 

61,875 
(9,703) 
(13,696) 
642 
(10,775) 

28,343 
(249) 
(68) 

170,756
2,479

173,235
57,295
(6,612)

223,918
3,626
(168,609)

58,935
(8,945)
(12,095)
653
(11,475)

27,073
578
(97)

26,170 

25,989 

1,856 

1,565 

28,026 

27,554

18,756 

26,452 

61 

324 

18,817 

26,776

total assets 

309,550 

304,417 

30,830 

27,952 

340,380 

332,369

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 28: Segment rePorting continued

(c) Segment information – accounting policies
the consolidated entity operates in one industry, being the funeral industry, with operations in Australia and Singapore.

Segment revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities are those that are directly attributable to a segment and the relevant portion that 
can be allocated to the segment on a reasonable basis. Segment assets include all assets used by a segment and consist primarily 
of operating cash, receivables, inventories, property, plant and equipment and goodwill and other intangible assets, net of related 
provisions. Segment liabilities consist primarily of trade and other creditors and employee benefits and, in the case of Singapore, includes 
an allocation of the long-term borrowings raised in Australia to fund the investment in Singapore.

note 29: caSh flow information

reconciliation of cash flow from operations with profit  
from ordinary activities after income tax
profit from ordinary activities after income tax 
non-cash flows in profit from ordinary activities
  Depreciation and amortisation 
  Share-based payments expense 
  loan establishment costs 

Interest rate swap expense 
Imputed interest from deferred purchase consideration 

  Management fee received from related parties 

Interest received from related parties 
  Dividends received from related parties 

Income tax expense paid by a related party 

  net amount reclassified as an expense from property  
  plant and equipment and other non-current assets 
  net (gain)/loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment  
  effect of movement in exchange rates 
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of the effects  
of purchase and disposal of subsidiaries 

(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables 
(Increase)/decrease in inventories  
(Increase)/decrease in deferred selling expenses 
Increase/(decrease) in payables  
Increase/(decrease) in deferred revenue 
Increase/(decrease) in income taxes payable  
Increase/(decrease) in deferred taxes liabilities 
Increase/(decrease) in provisions  

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000 

2008 
$’000  

2007 
$’000

28,094 

27,651 

36,131 

31,973

9,703 
607 
107 
2,101 
38 
– 
– 
– 
– 

(82) 

355 
(182) 

(282) 
(470) 
(6) 
(992) 
(1,064) 
35 
(2,156) 
667 

8,945 
270 
101 
954 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 

– 

(519) 
– 

(1,513) 
(605) 
– 
3,059 
222 
(212) 
(706) 
948 

– –
– 
98 
1,652 
– –
(1,200) 
(19,172) 
(30,500) 
3,140 

– –

– –
– –

(1) 
– –
– –
10 
– –
(721) 
(14) 
– –

(8)
98
320

(1,200)
(16,963)
(26,500)
1,368

(2)

143

220
153

36,473 

38,595 

(10,577) 

(10,398)

90

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 30: deed of croSS guarantee
InvoCare limited, InvoCare Australia pty limited and InvoCare (Singapore) pty limited entered into a Deed of Cross Guarantee on 
11 December 2006 under which each company guarantees the debts of the others. By entering into the deed, the wholly-owned entities 
have been relieved from the requirement to prepare a financial report and directors’ report under Class order 98/1418 (as amended) 
issued by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission.

the above companies represent a “Closed Group” for the purposes of the Class order, and as there are no other parties to the Deed of 
Cross Guarantee that are controlled by InvoCare limited, they also represent the “extended Closed Group”.

Set out below is a consolidated income statement, summary of movements in consolidated retained profits and balance sheet for the 
year ended 31 December 2008 of the Closed Group.

(a) Consolidated income statement and a summary of movements in consolidated retained profits of the Closed Group

Consolidated income statement of the Closed Group
Revenue from continuing operations 
Finished goods and consumables used 
employee benefits expense 
employee related and on-cost expenses 
Advertising and public relations expenses 
Depreciation, impairment and amortisation expenses 
occupancy and facilities expenses 
Finance costs 
Motor vehicle expenses 
other expenses  
net gain/(loss) on disposal of non-current assets 

profit before income tax 
Income tax expense  

profit for the year 

Summary of movements in consolidated retained profits of the Closed Group
Retained profits/(accumulated losses) at the beginning of the financial year  
profit for the year 
Dividends provided for or paid 

Retained profits/(accumulated losses) at the end of the financial year 

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000

217,333 
(63,030) 
(50,916) 
(11,544) 
(7,143) 
(7,979) 
(11,836) 
(13,640) 
(4,867) 
(10,191) 
(376) 

35,811 
(7,901) 

27,910 

205,124
(57,344)
(46,652)
(12,142)
(6,252)
(7,401)
(10,392)
(12,078)
(4,638)
(10,565)
779

38,439
(10,017)

28,422

(17,340) 
27,910 
(23,066) 

(24,367)
28,422
(21,395)

(12,496) 

(17,340)

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 30: deed of croSS guarantee continued

(b) Balance sheet of the Closed Group

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 
trade and other receivables 
Inventories 
Deferred selling costs 

Total current assets 

non-current assets
trade and other receivables 
Shares in subsidiaries 
property, plant and equipment 
Derivative financial instruments 
Intangible assets 
Deferred selling costs 

Total non-current assets 

Total assets 

Current liabilities
trade and other payables 
Current tax liabilities 
Deferred revenue 
provisions for employee benefits 

Total current liabilities 

non-current liabilities
trade and other payables 
long-term borrowings 
Derivative financial instruments 
Deferred tax liabilities 
Deferred revenue 
provisions for employee benefits 

Total non-current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

net assets 

equity
Contributed equity 
Reserves  
Retained profits/(Accumulated losses) 

Total equity 

92

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

2008 
$’000 

2007 
$’000

3,840 
16,719 
12,473 
490 

33,522 

5,598 
52,384 
190,008 
– 
30,634 
6,863 

5,887
17,135
12,089
491

35,602

9,052
52,102
182,720
5,257
28,465
6,877

285,487 

284,473

319,009 

320,075

20,184 
3,429 
2,585 
8,510 

34,708 

577 
158,655 
12,500 –
21,327 
36,191 
1,289 

24,620
3,790
3,274
7,854

39,538

2,906
154,547

27,898
36,665
1,067

230,539 

223,083

265,247 

262,621

53,762 

57,454

71,806 
(5,548) 
(12,496) 

53,762 

70,125
4,669
(17,340)

57,454

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
note 31: eventS after the balance Sheet date
there have been no significant events that have occurred subsequent to 31 December 2008.

note 32: related Party tranSactionS

(a) Parent entity
the ultimate parent entity within and for the Group is InvoCare limited.

(b) Subsidiaries
Interests in subsidiaries are set out in note 14.

(c) Directors and key management personnel
Disclosures relating to directors and key management personnel are set out in note 6.

(d) Transactions with related parties
transactions between related parties are on normal commercial terms  
and conditions no more favourable than those available to other parties  
unless otherwise stated.

Transactions between InvoCare Limited and its controlled entities
  Management fee charged by the parent entity 
  loans advanced by the parent entity 
Interest charged by the parent entity 

  Dividend paid to the parent entity 

amounts receivable by the parent entity from controlled entities
  loan by parent entity to a subsidiary 
the loan made by InvoCare limited to a controlled entity is unsecured  
and has no fixed terms of repayment. Interest on the loan is charged  
at 9% (2007: 9%).

Transactions with other related parties
  Contributions to superannuation funds on behalf of employees 

Consolidated entity 

parent entity

2008 
$ 

2007 
$ 

2008 
$  

2007 
$

– 
– 
– 
– 

– 

– 
– 
– 
– 

1,200,000 
17,756,902 
19,172,135 
30,500,000 

1,200,000
17,608,240
16,963,403
26,500,000

– 

238,537,437  220,780,535

4,394,856 

3,857,653 

– –

(e) Guarantees and other matters
under the terms of loan facility agreements executed on 16 December 2005 and amended in october 2006, June 2007 and november 
2008, InvoCare limited and each of its wholly-owned Australian entities (the “Guarantors”) has individually guaranteed to the financiers 
the due and punctual payment in full of any liabilities or obligations under the facilities. the Guarantors have also indemnified the 
financiers against any loss or damage suffered by the financiers arising from any failure by a borrower or any Guarantor to satisfy 
the obligations.

under income tax consolidation legislation, InvoCare limited assumes responsibility for the income tax payable by the consolidated 
Australian tax group comprising InvoCare limited and its wholly-owned entities. A tax sharing and funding agreement (tSA) between 
InvoCare limited and its wholly-owned Australian entities covers the funding, accounting and calculation of the tax liability for each 
individual entity, and also caters for entities joining and exiting the group. In accordance with the terms of the tSA, InvoCare Australia 
pty limited makes tax payments on behalf of InvoCare limited and receives reimbursement through the intercompany loan account for 
amounts paid except for the tax allocated to that entity.

note 33: economic dePendence
the parent entity depends on dividend and interest income from, and management fees charged to, its controlled entities to source 
the payment of future dividends and fund its operating costs and debt service obligations as borrower under the bank loan facility 
agreements. the parent entity’s financial position is sound, notwithstanding a net current liability situation being shown in the balance 
sheet and an operating net cash outflow. Adequate cash resources are available to enable it to meet its obligations as and when they fall 
due, through either drawing on unused loan facilities, which at the reporting date amounted to $25,695,000 as outlined in note 2(c), or by 
on-demand repayment of inter company advances.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the F inancial Statements

For the year ended 31 december 2008

note 34: critical accounting eStimateS and JudgementS
estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of 
future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

the Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. the resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal 
the related actual results. the estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.

(i) Estimated impairment of goodwill
the Group tests annually whether goodwill has suffered any impairment, in accordance with the accounting policy stated in note 1(o). 
the recoverable amounts of cash generating units have been determined based on value-in-use calculations. these calculations require 
the use of assumptions. Refer to note 16 for details of these assumptions and the potential impact of changes to the assumptions.

(ii) Estimated impairment of other non-financial assets and cash generating units
the Group annually considers if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of other non-financial assets or 
cash generating units may not be recoverable. Similarly, at each reporting date, assets or cash generating units that suffered a previous 
impairment are reviewed for possible reversals of the impairment. the recoverable amounts are determined based on value-in-use 
calculations which require the use of assumptions. Refer to note 15 for details of these assumptions.

(iii) Timing of recognition of deferred plaque and miscellaneous merchandise revenue
prepaid cemetery/crematorium plaque and miscellaneous merchandise sales are currently brought to account over an assumed 15-year 
period. unredeemed merchandise sales (included within deferred revenue on the balance sheet) total $31.1 million at 31 December 2008 
(2007: $30.2 million).

the 15-year period is based on the actuarially assessed average period between a customer entering into a prepaid funeral plan and the 
contract becoming at-need. the actual history of a prepaid cemetery/crematorium contract may differ from the profile of a prepaid funeral 
plan; however, in the absence of more specific data being available, the funeral data has been applied.

the average 15-year period is an assumption only and therefore subject to uncertainty. It is possible that there will remain unperformed 
contracts at the end of the 15-year amortisation period, yet all revenue will have been recognised. offsetting this is the likelihood that 
contracts performed during the 15-year period will have unrecognised revenue.

Management has been collating actual redemptions information for a sample of sites in order to determine a more accurate historical 
pattern of cemetery/crematorium prepaid sale redemptions. the information supports the current recognition period. Management will 
continue sampling to monitor redemption history and reassess the assumed 15-year period.

the impact of recognising revenue over 20 years instead of the current 15 years would be a reduction of approximately $1.0 million  
(2007: $0.5 million) per annum in revenue. 

note 35: comPany detailS
InvoCare limited is a company limited by shares, incorporated and domiciled in Australia.

the registered office and principal place of business of the company is:

level 4, 153 Walker Street 
north Sydney nSW 2060

note 36: authoriSation of the financial rePort
this financial report was authorised for issue by the directors on 27 March 2009. the Company has the power to amend and reissue 
this report.

94

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

Directors’ Declaration

In the directors’ opinion:

(a) 

the financial statements and notes set out on pages 49 to 94 are in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including:

(i) 

(ii) 

 complying with Accounting Standards, the Corporations Regulations 2001 and other mandatory professional reporting 
requirements; and

 giving a true and fair view of the Company’s and consolidated entity’s financial position as at 31 December 2008 and of their 
performance for the financial year ended on that date; and

(b) 

there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Company will be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and 
payable; and

(c)  at the date of this declaration, there are reasonable grounds to believe that the members of the extended Closed Group identified 

in note 30 will be able to meet any obligations or liabilities to which they are, or may become, subject by virtue of the deed of cross 
guarantee described in note 30.

the directors have been given the declarations by the Chief executive officer and Chief Financial officer required by section 295A of the 
Corporations Act 2001.

this declaration is made in accordance with a resolution of the directors.

Ian Ferrier 
Director

andrew Smith 
Director

Sydney 
27 March 2009

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

95

 
 
Independent Audit Report

indePendent audit rePort to the memberS of 
invocare limited

Report on the financial report 
We have audited the accompanying financial report of InvoCare limited (the company), which comprises the balance sheet as at 
31 December 2008, and the income statement, statement of recognised income and expense and cash flow statement for the year ended 
on that date, a summary of significant accounting policies, other explanatory notes and the directors’ declaration for both InvoCare limited 
and the InvoCare Group (the consolidated entity). the consolidated entity comprises the company and the entities it controlled at the year’s 
end or from time to time during the financial year.

Directors’ responsibility for the financial report
the directors of the company are responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial report in accordance with Australian 
Accounting Standards (including the Australian Accounting Interpretations) and the Corporations Act 2001. this responsibility includes 
establishing and maintaining internal controls relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial report that is free from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; selecting and applying appropriate accounting policies; and making accounting 
estimates that are reasonable in the circumstances. In note 1, the directors also state, in accordance with Accounting Standard AASB 101 
Presentation of Financial Statements, that compliance with the Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards 
ensures that the consolidated financial statements and notes comply with International Financial Reporting Standards.

Auditor’s responsibility 
our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial report based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian 
Auditing Standards. these Auditing Standards require that we comply with relevant ethical requirements relating to audit engagements and 
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial report is free from material misstatement. 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial report and the 
remuneration disclosures contained in the directors’ report. the procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgement, including the 
assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial report and the remuneration disclosures contained in the directors’ report, 
whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation 
and fair presentation of the financial report in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the 
purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness 
of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the directors, as well as evaluating the overall 
presentation of the financial report.

our procedures include reading the other information in the Annual Report to determine whether it contains any material inconsistencies 
with the financial report. 

For further explanation of an audit, visit our website http://www.pwc.com/au/financialstatementaudit.

our audit did not involve an analysis of the prudence of business decisions made by directors or management.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinions. 

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

96

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

Independence
In conducting our audit, we have complied with the independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2001.

Auditor’s opinion on the financial report
In our opinion:

(a) 

the financial report of InvoCare limited is in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including:

(i) 

(ii) 

 giving a true and fair view of the company’s and consolidated entity’s financial position as at 31 December 2008 and of their 
performance for the year ended on that date; and

 complying with Australian Accounting Standards (including the Australian Accounting Interpretations) and the Corporations 
Regulations 2001; and

(b) 

the consolidated financial statements and notes also comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as disclosed in note 1.

Report on the remuneration report
We have audited the remuneration report included in pages 40 to 46 of the directors’ report for the year ended 31 December 2008. 
the directors of the company are responsible for the preparation and presentation of the Remuneration Report in accordance with section 
300A of the Corporations Act 2001. our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Remuneration Report, based on our audit conducted 
in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards.

Auditor’s opinion 
In our opinion, the Remuneration Report of InvoCare limited for the year ended 31 December 2008 complies with section 300A of the 
Corporations Act 2001.

PricewaterhouseCoopers

John Feely 
partner

Sydney 
27 March 2009 

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

97

 
 
Shareholder Information

Shares and options as at 12 March 2009

Shares on issue 
options on issue 

Distribution of shareholdings as at 12 March 2009

1 – 1,000 
1,001 – 5,000 
5,001 – 10,000 
10,001 – 100,000 
100,001 and over  

number

  100,799,439
nil

number of 
shareholders 

number of 
shares 

percentage 
%

2,495 
4,822 
1,308 
725 
52 

1,393,507 
13,006,716 
9,865,997 
14,705,706 
61,827,513 

1.38%
12.90%
9.79%
14.59%
61.34%

9,402  100,799,439 

100.00%

there were 211 holders of less than a marketable parcel of ordinary shares (being 104 based on a market price of $4.81 on 12 March 
2009) who hold a total of 12,304 ordinary shares.

Equity security holders

Largest 20 holders of ordinary shares at 12 March 2009
1.  national nominees limited 
2.  J p Morgan nominees Australia 
3.  AnZ nominees limited 
4.  Citicorp nominees pty limited 
5.  HSBC Custody nominees (Australia) limited 
6.  Cogent nominees pty limited 
7.  Bond Street Custodians limited 
8.  neweconomy Com Au nominees pty limited 
9.  Argo Investments limited 
10.  Queensland Investment Corporation 
11.  Milton Corporation limited 
12.  Richard Hugh Davis 
13.  uBS Wealth Management Australia nominees pty ltd 
14.  Huntley Investment Company limited 
15.  IVC Share plan Managers pty ltd 
16.  AMp life limited 
17.  Australian executor trustees limited 
18.  the university of Melbourne 
19.  Questor Financial Services limited 
20.  Mirrabooka Investments limited 

number of 
shares 

percentage 
%

18,268,757 
10,543,924 
7,344,977 
5,424,260 
3,042,350 
2,856,611 
2,338,599 
1,412,418 
1,176,358 
1,150,649 
965,254 
816,451 
755,750 
650,000 
520,612 
507,607 
479,479 
437,268 
428,326 
415,000 

18.12%
10.46%
7.29%
5.38%
3.02%
2.83%
2.32%
1.40%
1.17%
1.14%
0.96%
0.81%
0.75%
0.64%
0.52%
0.50%
0.48%
0.43%
0.42%
0.41%

total for top 20 

59,534,650 

59.06%

98

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Substantial holders

Substantial holders in the Company as at 12 March 2009 are set out below:
J p Morgan Chase & Co. and its affiliates 
national Australia Bank limited Group 

Voting rights
the voting rights attaching to each class of security are set out below:

number of 
shares held 

percentage 
%

11,763,441 
6,851,452 

11.67%
6.80%

Ordinary shares
on a show of hands, each member present in person and each other person present as a proxy of a member has one vote. on a poll, 
each member present in person has one vote for each fully paid share held by the member and each person present as a proxy of a 
member has one vote for each fully paid share held by the member that the proxy represents.

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
InvoCare Locations

NSW/ACT

Queensland

Victoria

South Australia

Western Australia

Traditional

Blackwell Funerals 
(est 1940)

Purslowe Funerals  
(est 1907)

Glenside 
payneham 
prospect 
South Brighton 
torrensville

other providers 
Value Funerals 
All areas

Midland 
north perth 
South Fremantle 
Victoria park 
Wangara

other providers 
Oakwood Funerals 
(est 1999) 
Booragoon 
Rockingham

Chipper & Son 
(est1889) 
Mandurah 
Myaree 
Rockingham 
Subiaco 
Victoria park

Christian Funerals 
(est 1978) 
Maylands

Value Funerals 
All areas

George Hartnett 
Funerals 
(est 1947)

Albany Creek 
Cleveland 
Darra 
Holland park 
Redcliffe 
Sandgate 
Wynnum

other providers 
Cannon & Cripps 
(est 1886) 
Kelvin Grove

Drysdale Funerals 
(est 1983) 
nambour 
tewantin

Reed & Bottcher 
(Reed est 1869 and 
Bottcher 1887) 
Ipswich

Sommerville Funerals 
(est 1932) 
nerang 
Robina 
Southport

Value Funerals 
All areas

Le Pine including 
Le Pine Heritage 
(est 1891) 
Box Hill 
Camberwell 
Croydon 
Dandenong 
eltham 
Ferntree Gully 
Footscray West 
Glen Waverley 
Greensborough 
Healesville 
Ivanhoe 
Kew east 
lilydale 
Mordialloc 
oakleigh 
St Kilda 
thornbury

other providers 
Mulqueen Funerals 
(est 1932) 
Coburg

Provinciale Servzio 
Funebre (est 1982) 
Coburg

Southern Cross 
(est 1998) 
noble park

Value Funerals 
All areas

Guardian Funeral 
Providers

other Traditional 
Providers

Allan Drew Funerals 
(est 1985) 
Castle Hill 
Rouse Hill

Ann Wilson Funerals 
(est 1995) 
Dee Why 
Mona Vale

David Lloyd Funerals 
(est 1885) 
Adamstown 
Belmont 
Beresfield 
toronto

Byron District 
Funerals (est 1978) 
Byron Bay

Casino Funerals 
(est 1930) 
Casino

Economy Funerals 
All areas

Kevin Geaghan 
Funerals (est 1896) 
Ballina

Liberty Funerals 
(est 1994) 
Chatswood 
Granville

Twin Towns Funerals 
(est 1913) 
tweed Heads

Universal Chung Wah 
(est 1955) 
Fairfield

William Riley & Sons 
(est 1882) 
lismore

AF Anderson Funerals 
(est 1917) 
Merrylands

Allen Matthews 
Funerals (est 1960) 
Cremorne 
north Ryde 
Warrawee

Bruce Maurer 
Funerals (est 1941) 
Crows nest

Butler Funerals  
(est 1928) 
Campbelltown

Dignified Funerals 
(est 1964) 
Burwood

Guardian Funerals 
(est 1960) 
Blacktown

Hansen & Cole 
Funerals (est 1936) 
Bulli 
Kembla Grange 
Wollongong

J & C Hardy Funerals 
(est 1928) 
Hurstville

J W Chandler 
Funerals (est 1885) 
Richmond 
Windsor

Macarthur District 
Funerals (est 1979) 
leppington

Metcalfe & Morris 
Funerals (est 1890) 
parramatta

Metropolitan Funerals 
(est 1937) 
Bankstown 
Rockdale

Sydney Funerals 
(est 1975) 
Minchinbury

Tobin Brothers 
Funerals (est 1946) 
Belconnen (ACt) 
Kingston (ACt) 
Queanbeyan

100

InvoCare AnnuAl RepoRt 2008

Children’s Details 
(list all children in order of date of birth, including legally adopted, deceased (D), still born (SB), or if no children write “none”.)

First name 

First name 

First name 

First name 

Date of birth 

Date of birth 

Date of birth 

Date of birth 

 Female 

 Female 

 Female 

 Female 

 Male

 Male

 Male

 Male

Financial Information (Information below may be required by the executor of your Will.)

Bank account details 

Bank name

Account numbers 

Bank branch

location of documents, books, statements

Building society/Financial institution 

Building society/Financial institution name

Account numbers

Address

Income tax records 

Tax File Number 

location of records

NSW

Queensland

Victoria

South Australia

Western Australia

Simplicity (est 1979)

Balgowlah
Bankstown
Bateau Bay
Chatswood
Erina
Hornsby
liverpool
Mascot
Miranda
Newtown

Paddington
Penrith
Randwick
Ryde
Sans Souci
Smithfield
Toukley East
Tweed Heads 
Woy Woy
Wyong

Buranda
Ipswich
Kedron
logan
Miami
Parkwood
Strathpine

Carnegie
Flemington
Frankston
Pascoe Vale
Reservoir
Sunshine
Werribee

Albert Park
Black Forest
Brahma lodge
Enfield
Morphett Vale
Victor Harbor

Joondalup
Kelmscott
Osborne Park
Spearwood

White Lady Funerals (est 1987)

Deeds of property 

Property address(es)

NSW/ACT

Queensland

Victoria

South Australia

Western Australia

Copy of My Will

Date of Will

Deposited with (Name and Address)

Solicitor

Name 

Address 

Family Doctor

Name 

Address 

Personal Documents

Birth Certificate 

location

Marriage Certificate 

location

Telephone

Telephone

Postcode

Postcode

Medicare Card 

Card number (to be returned to Medicare office)

Centrelink Pension 

Number 

Type of pension

Veterans’ Affairs 

Number

Passport 

Name shown on passport

(Passport should be returned to passport office in your area, details at local Post Office)

Passport number 

Expiry date

Driver licence 

Number 

State of issue

Club or association memberships (Should be returned to appropriate organisation. 
It may be that a claim can be made for unexpired memberships or mortality fund benefit.)

Family Details

Father’s surname 

usual occupation

Mother’s maiden surname 

usual occupation

Spouse surname 

First names

First names

First names

location of records

Mortgage details 

location of records

lender 

Reference number

Address of lender

Life insurance policies

location of records

Superannuation

Details

Stocks and shares

location of records

Safe deposit box 

Box location/number

location of keys

Marriage Details (Please tick appropriate box(es))

accountant 

Name 

Telephone

 Married     

 Divorced      

 Separated     

 Widowed     

 Never married     

 De facto

Address 

Postcode

Details of Marriage(s)

First marriage (Place/City/Town/Country)

Age at date of marriage 

Name of spouse (at date of marriage)

Second marriage (if applicable) (Place/City/Town/Country)

Age at date of marriage 

Name of spouse (at date of marriage)

Car details 

Registration number and state

Registration document location

location of purchase receipt/H.P. details

Bankstown 
Belconnen (ACT) 
Bondi Junction 
Camden 
Charlestown 
Charmhaven 
Eastwood 
Five Dock 
Kingston (ACT) 
Manly 
Mayfield 
Mosman 

Narrabeen 
Nelson Bay 
Pennant Hills 
Penrith 
Queanbeyan 
Rockdale 
Roseville 
Sutherland 
Tweed Heads 
Wyoming

Ashmore 
Chelmer 
Kelvin Grove 
Morningside 
Tanah Merah 
Warana

Caulfield South 
Doncaster 
Epping 
Heidelberg 
Mornington 
North Essendon 
South Melbourne

Hillcrest 
Plympton

Operating as 
Mareena Purslowe & 
Associates Funerals 
Subiaco 
Willetton

Cemeteries and Crematoria

NSW

Queensland

Albany Creek Memorial Park (est 1964)
Allambe Gardens Memorial Park (est 1968)
Mt Thompson Memorial Gardens (est 1934) Holland Park

Bridgeman Downs
Nerang

Castlebrook Memorial Park (est 1973)
Forest lawn Memorial Park (est 1962)
lake Macquarie Memorial Park (est 1994)

lakeside Memorial Park (est 1964)
Newcastle Memorial Park (est 1936)
Northern Suburbs Memorial Gardens and 
Crematorium (est 1933)
Pinegrove Memorial Park (est 1962)
Rookwood Memorial Gardens and  
Crematorium (est 1925)
Tweed Heads Memorial Gardens (est 1971)

Rouse Hill
leppington
Ryhope

Dapto
Beresfield
North Ryde

Eastern Creek
Rookwood

Tweed Heads

InvoCarE ANNuAl REPORT 2008

101

 
 
Glossary

AASB 

ABS 

AGAAP 

AIFRS 

ASX 

ASX Corporate Governance Guidelines 

Cemetery  

CGU 

Condolence Lounge 

Constitution 

Crematorium 

Crypts 

DRP 

EBITDA 

EEO 

EPS 

Funeral Arrangement 

Funeral Home 

Australian Accounting Standards Board

Australian Bureau of Statistics

 Australian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

 The Australian equivalents to International Reporting Standards for annual reporting 
periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005 

Australian Securities Exchange which is the operating brand of ASX limited

 The eight essential corporate governance principles and best practice 
recommendations of the ASX Corporate Governance Council August 2007

A place for burials and memorialisation

A cash generating unit which is the smallest identifiable group of assets that 
independently generates cash inflows

 A facility for family and friends to gather at after the funeral service – usually offering 
a catering service

The Constitution of the Company

 A place for cremations and memorialisation

Above ground burial facilities

Dividend reinvestment plan

 Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation

 Equal Employment Opportunity

Earnings per share

 The process in which the funeral service is planned and necessary 
documentation prepared

 The InvoCare location where a funeral can be arranged and where some services 
can be conducted

Memorial or Memorialisation 

 The physical marker or tribute to the life of the deceased

Memorial Park 

OH&S 

Operating EBITDA 

 An InvoCare location offering cremation, burial and memorialisation services

Occupational Health and Safety

EBITDA excluding asset sale and impairment gains or losses

Prepaid Cemetery and Crematorium Services 

 Cemetery and crematorium services that have been arranged and paid for in advance

Prepaid Funeral Fund 

Volume 

 The fund where prepaid funeral monies are held in trust until the funeral 
service is provided

 A term that refers to the number of funeral services, burials and cremations 
performed

102

InvoCarE ANNuAl REPORT 2008

Military Information (If applicable)

Branch of service 

Date entered service 

Date of discharge 

Grade, rank or rating

Wars/Conflicts served

Service serial number

Place

Place

Additional Information
Historical information 
Every individual is deserving of a meaningful obituary written in their memory. It is here that you may list those achievements and 
accomplishments that have been of pride to you and your family that are not mentioned elsewhere in your “Personal details guide”.

Education

Name of primary school

Date attended from 

Name of secondary school

Date attended from 

Name of tertiary institution 

Date attended from  

Qualifications attained

to

to

to

Societies/Clubs 

Memberships and positions held (include dates)

Other (including civic or public office held)

Special achievements (details of any special achievements or recognitions)

Medical History 
This information is very important for your spouse, children and grandchildren. It is also suggested that  
you keep an updated copy of your medical records for your family, as doctors often ask for it.

Special Instructions and Information
We suggest that you use these lines to keep our information current. We also recommend  
that you always date these entries to avoid possible confusion later.

Person to be notified 

Name

Relationship 

Person to be notified 

Name

Relationship 

Person to be notified 

Name

Relationship 

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

Personal details guide

For the benefit of our stakeholders, this guide is made available to enable you to record information 
and arrangements in advance that will assist your family and funeral director to ensure everything is 
conducted in accordance with your wishes.

Should you require assistance in completing it or require further copies of this guide for other family 
members, please call Guardian Plan Toll Free 1800 151 158.

Personal Information

Family name 

Address 

Date of birth 

Place of birth (Town/City/State/Country)

If born overseas, year arrived in Australia

Occupation during working life

Given names

Postcode

 Female 

 Male

Name and Address of Person Who I Would Like to Make Any Arrangements
(For instance, registering the death and contacting the funeral director, e.g. executor, solicitor, family member)

Name 

Address 

Funeral Director
(Funeral director you would like to conduct your service)

Name 

Address 

Next of Kin
This information is needed when the death is registered.

Name 

Address 

Executor of My Will
Executor will need certain financial information when applying for grant of probate.

Name 

Address 

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

Postcode

Postcode

Postcode

Postcode

Glossary

AASB 

ABS 

AGAAP 

AIFRS 

ASX 

ASX Corporate Governance Guidelines 

Cemetery  

CGU 

Condolence Lounge 

Constitution 

Crematorium 

Crypts 

DRP 

EBITDA 

EEO 

EPS 

Funeral Arrangement 

Funeral Home 

Australian Accounting Standards Board

Australian Bureau of Statistics

 Australian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

 The Australian equivalents to International Reporting Standards for annual reporting 
periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005 

Australian Securities Exchange which is the operating brand of ASX limited

 The eight essential corporate governance principles and best practice 
recommendations of the ASX Corporate Governance Council August 2007

A place for burials and memorialisation

A cash generating unit which is the smallest identifiable group of assets that 
independently generates cash inflows

 A facility for family and friends to gather at after the funeral service – usually offering 
a catering service

The Constitution of the Company

 A place for cremations and memorialisation

Above ground burial facilities

Dividend reinvestment plan

 Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation

 Equal Employment Opportunity

Earnings per share

 The process in which the funeral service is planned and necessary 
documentation prepared

 The InvoCare location where a funeral can be arranged and where some services 
can be conducted

Memorial or Memorialisation 

 The physical marker or tribute to the life of the deceased

Memorial Park 

OH&S 

Operating EBITDA 

 An InvoCare location offering cremation, burial and memorialisation services

Occupational Health and Safety

EBITDA excluding asset sale and impairment gains or losses

Prepaid Cemetery and Crematorium Services 

 Cemetery and crematorium services that have been arranged and paid for in advance

Prepaid Funeral Fund 

Volume 

 The fund where prepaid funeral monies are held in trust until the funeral 
service is provided

 A term that refers to the number of funeral services, burials and cremations 
performed

102

InvoCarE ANNuAl REPORT 2008

Military Information (If applicable)

Branch of service 

Date entered service 

Date of discharge 

Grade, rank or rating

Wars/Conflicts served

Service serial number

Place

Place

Additional Information
Historical information 
Every individual is deserving of a meaningful obituary written in their memory. It is here that you may list those achievements and 
accomplishments that have been of pride to you and your family that are not mentioned elsewhere in your “Personal details guide”.

Education

Name of primary school

Date attended from 

Name of secondary school

Date attended from 

Name of tertiary institution 

Date attended from  

Qualifications attained

to

to

to

Societies/Clubs 

Memberships and positions held (include dates)

Other (including civic or public office held)

Special achievements (details of any special achievements or recognitions)

Medical History 
This information is very important for your spouse, children and grandchildren. It is also suggested that  
you keep an updated copy of your medical records for your family, as doctors often ask for it.

Special Instructions and Information
We suggest that you use these lines to keep our information current. We also recommend  
that you always date these entries to avoid possible confusion later.

Person to be notified 

Name

Relationship 

Person to be notified 

Name

Relationship 

Person to be notified 

Name

Relationship 

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

Personal details guide

For the benefit of our stakeholders, this guide is made available to enable you to record information 
and arrangements in advance that will assist your family and funeral director to ensure everything is 
conducted in accordance with your wishes.

Should you require assistance in completing it or require further copies of this guide for other family 
members, please call Guardian Plan Toll Free 1800 151 158.

Personal Information

Family name 

Address 

Date of birth 

Place of birth (Town/City/State/Country)

If born overseas, year arrived in Australia

Occupation during working life

Given names

Postcode

 Female 

 Male

Name and Address of Person Who I Would Like to Make Any Arrangements
(For instance, registering the death and contacting the funeral director, e.g. executor, solicitor, family member)

Name 

Address 

Funeral Director
(Funeral director you would like to conduct your service)

Name 

Address 

Next of Kin
This information is needed when the death is registered.

Name 

Address 

Executor of My Will
Executor will need certain financial information when applying for grant of probate.

Name 

Address 

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

Postcode

Postcode

Postcode

Postcode

Children’s Details 
(list all children in order of date of birth, including legally adopted, deceased (D), still born (SB), or if no children write “none”.)

First name 

First name 

First name 

First name 

Date of birth 

Date of birth 

Date of birth 

Date of birth 

 Female 

 Female 

 Female 

 Female 

 Male

 Male

 Male

 Male

Financial Information (Information below may be required by the executor of your Will.)

Bank account details 

Bank name

Account numbers 

Bank branch

location of documents, books, statements

Building society/Financial institution 

Building society/Financial institution name

Account numbers

Address

Income tax records 

Tax File Number 

location of records

NSW

Queensland

Victoria

South Australia

Western Australia

Simplicity (est 1979)

Balgowlah
Bankstown
Bateau Bay
Chatswood
Erina
Hornsby
liverpool
Mascot
Miranda
Newtown

Paddington
Penrith
Randwick
Ryde
Sans Souci
Smithfield
Toukley East
Tweed Heads 
Woy Woy
Wyong

Buranda
Ipswich
Kedron
logan
Miami
Parkwood
Strathpine

Carnegie
Flemington
Frankston
Pascoe Vale
Reservoir
Sunshine
Werribee

Albert Park
Black Forest
Brahma lodge
Enfield
Morphett Vale
Victor Harbor

Joondalup
Kelmscott
Osborne Park
Spearwood

White Lady Funerals (est 1987)

Deeds of property 

Property address(es)

NSW/ACT

Queensland

Victoria

South Australia

Western Australia

Copy of My Will

Date of Will

Deposited with (Name and Address)

Solicitor

Name 

Address 

Family Doctor

Name 

Address 

Personal Documents

Birth Certificate 

location

Marriage Certificate 

location

Telephone

Telephone

Postcode

Postcode

Medicare Card 

Card number (to be returned to Medicare office)

Centrelink Pension 

Number 

Type of pension

Veterans’ Affairs 

Number

Passport 

Name shown on passport

(Passport should be returned to passport office in your area, details at local Post Office)

Passport number 

Expiry date

Driver licence 

Number 

State of issue

Club or association memberships (Should be returned to appropriate organisation. 
It may be that a claim can be made for unexpired memberships or mortality fund benefit.)

Family Details

Father’s surname 

usual occupation

Mother’s maiden surname 

usual occupation

Spouse surname 

First names

First names

First names

location of records

Mortgage details 

location of records

lender 

Reference number

Address of lender

Life insurance policies

location of records

Superannuation

Details

Stocks and shares

location of records

Safe deposit box 

Box location/number

location of keys

Marriage Details (Please tick appropriate box(es))

accountant 

Name 

Telephone

 Married     

 Divorced      

 Separated     

 Widowed     

 Never married     

 De facto

Address 

Postcode

Details of Marriage(s)

First marriage (Place/City/Town/Country)

Age at date of marriage 

Name of spouse (at date of marriage)

Second marriage (if applicable) (Place/City/Town/Country)

Age at date of marriage 

Name of spouse (at date of marriage)

Car details 

Registration number and state

Registration document location

location of purchase receipt/H.P. details

Bankstown 
Belconnen (ACT) 
Bondi Junction 
Camden 
Charlestown 
Charmhaven 
Eastwood 
Five Dock 
Kingston (ACT) 
Manly 
Mayfield 
Mosman 

Narrabeen 
Nelson Bay 
Pennant Hills 
Penrith 
Queanbeyan 
Rockdale 
Roseville 
Sutherland 
Tweed Heads 
Wyoming

Ashmore 
Chelmer 
Kelvin Grove 
Morningside 
Tanah Merah 
Warana

Caulfield South 
Doncaster 
Epping 
Heidelberg 
Mornington 
North Essendon 
South Melbourne

Hillcrest 
Plympton

Operating as 
Mareena Purslowe & 
Associates Funerals 
Subiaco 
Willetton

Cemeteries and Crematoria

NSW

Queensland

Albany Creek Memorial Park (est 1964)
Allambe Gardens Memorial Park (est 1968)
Mt Thompson Memorial Gardens (est 1934) Holland Park

Bridgeman Downs
Nerang

Castlebrook Memorial Park (est 1973)
Forest lawn Memorial Park (est 1962)
lake Macquarie Memorial Park (est 1994)

lakeside Memorial Park (est 1964)
Newcastle Memorial Park (est 1936)
Northern Suburbs Memorial Gardens and 
Crematorium (est 1933)
Pinegrove Memorial Park (est 1962)
Rookwood Memorial Gardens and  
Crematorium (est 1925)
Tweed Heads Memorial Gardens (est 1971)

Rouse Hill
leppington
Ryhope

Dapto
Beresfield
North Ryde

Eastern Creek
Rookwood

Tweed Heads

InvoCarE ANNuAl REPORT 2008

101

 
 
Children’s Details 
(list all children in order of date of birth, including legally adopted, deceased (D), still born (SB), or if no children write “none”.)

First name 

First name 

First name 

First name 

Date of birth 

Date of birth 

Date of birth 

Date of birth 

 Female 

 Female 

 Female 

 Female 

 Male

 Male

 Male

 Male

Financial Information (Information below may be required by the executor of your Will.)

Bank account details 

Bank name

Account numbers 

Bank branch

location of documents, books, statements

Building society/Financial institution 

Building society/Financial institution name

Account numbers

Address

Income tax records 

Tax File Number 

location of records

NSW

Queensland

Victoria

South Australia

Western Australia

Simplicity (est 1979)

Balgowlah
Bankstown
Bateau Bay
Chatswood
Erina
Hornsby
liverpool
Mascot
Miranda
Newtown

Paddington
Penrith
Randwick
Ryde
Sans Souci
Smithfield
Toukley East
Tweed Heads 
Woy Woy
Wyong

Buranda
Ipswich
Kedron
logan
Miami
Parkwood
Strathpine

Carnegie
Flemington
Frankston
Pascoe Vale
Reservoir
Sunshine
Werribee

Albert Park
Black Forest
Brahma lodge
Enfield
Morphett Vale
Victor Harbor

Joondalup
Kelmscott
Osborne Park
Spearwood

White Lady Funerals (est 1987)

Deeds of property 

Property address(es)

NSW/ACT

Queensland

Victoria

South Australia

Western Australia

Copy of My Will

Date of Will

Deposited with (Name and Address)

Solicitor

Name 

Address 

Family Doctor

Name 

Address 

Personal Documents

Birth Certificate 

location

Marriage Certificate 

location

Telephone

Telephone

Postcode

Postcode

Medicare Card 

Card number (to be returned to Medicare office)

Centrelink Pension 

Number 

Type of pension

Veterans’ Affairs 

Number

Passport 

Name shown on passport

(Passport should be returned to passport office in your area, details at local Post Office)

Passport number 

Expiry date

Driver licence 

Number 

State of issue

Club or association memberships (Should be returned to appropriate organisation. 
It may be that a claim can be made for unexpired memberships or mortality fund benefit.)

Family Details

Father’s surname 

usual occupation

Mother’s maiden surname 

usual occupation

Spouse surname 

First names

First names

First names

location of records

Mortgage details 

location of records

lender 

Reference number

Address of lender

Life insurance policies

location of records

Superannuation

Details

Stocks and shares

location of records

Safe deposit box 

Box location/number

location of keys

Marriage Details (Please tick appropriate box(es))

accountant 

Name 

Telephone

 Married     

 Divorced      

 Separated     

 Widowed     

 Never married     

 De facto

Address 

Postcode

Details of Marriage(s)

First marriage (Place/City/Town/Country)

Age at date of marriage 

Name of spouse (at date of marriage)

Second marriage (if applicable) (Place/City/Town/Country)

Age at date of marriage 

Name of spouse (at date of marriage)

Car details 

Registration number and state

Registration document location

location of purchase receipt/H.P. details

Bankstown 
Belconnen (ACT) 
Bondi Junction 
Camden 
Charlestown 
Charmhaven 
Eastwood 
Five Dock 
Kingston (ACT) 
Manly 
Mayfield 
Mosman 

Narrabeen 
Nelson Bay 
Pennant Hills 
Penrith 
Queanbeyan 
Rockdale 
Roseville 
Sutherland 
Tweed Heads 
Wyoming

Ashmore 
Chelmer 
Kelvin Grove 
Morningside 
Tanah Merah 
Warana

Caulfield South 
Doncaster 
Epping 
Heidelberg 
Mornington 
North Essendon 
South Melbourne

Hillcrest 
Plympton

Operating as 
Mareena Purslowe & 
Associates Funerals 
Subiaco 
Willetton

Cemeteries and Crematoria

NSW

Queensland

Albany Creek Memorial Park (est 1964)
Allambe Gardens Memorial Park (est 1968)
Mt Thompson Memorial Gardens (est 1934) Holland Park

Bridgeman Downs
Nerang

Castlebrook Memorial Park (est 1973)
Forest lawn Memorial Park (est 1962)
lake Macquarie Memorial Park (est 1994)

lakeside Memorial Park (est 1964)
Newcastle Memorial Park (est 1936)
Northern Suburbs Memorial Gardens and 
Crematorium (est 1933)
Pinegrove Memorial Park (est 1962)
Rookwood Memorial Gardens and  
Crematorium (est 1925)
Tweed Heads Memorial Gardens (est 1971)

Rouse Hill
leppington
Ryhope

Dapto
Beresfield
North Ryde

Eastern Creek
Rookwood

Tweed Heads

InvoCarE ANNuAl REPORT 2008

101

 
 
Glossary

AASB 

ABS 

AGAAP 

AIFRS 

ASX 

ASX Corporate Governance Guidelines 

Cemetery  

CGU 

Condolence Lounge 

Constitution 

Crematorium 

Crypts 

DRP 

EBITDA 

EEO 

EPS 

Funeral Arrangement 

Funeral Home 

Australian Accounting Standards Board

Australian Bureau of Statistics

 Australian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

 The Australian equivalents to International Reporting Standards for annual reporting 
periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005 

Australian Securities Exchange which is the operating brand of ASX limited

 The eight essential corporate governance principles and best practice 
recommendations of the ASX Corporate Governance Council August 2007

A place for burials and memorialisation

A cash generating unit which is the smallest identifiable group of assets that 
independently generates cash inflows

 A facility for family and friends to gather at after the funeral service – usually offering 
a catering service

The Constitution of the Company

 A place for cremations and memorialisation

Above ground burial facilities

Dividend reinvestment plan

 Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation

 Equal Employment Opportunity

Earnings per share

 The process in which the funeral service is planned and necessary 
documentation prepared

 The InvoCare location where a funeral can be arranged and where some services 
can be conducted

Memorial or Memorialisation 

 The physical marker or tribute to the life of the deceased

Memorial Park 

OH&S 

Operating EBITDA 

 An InvoCare location offering cremation, burial and memorialisation services

Occupational Health and Safety

EBITDA excluding asset sale and impairment gains or losses

Prepaid Cemetery and Crematorium Services 

 Cemetery and crematorium services that have been arranged and paid for in advance

Prepaid Funeral Fund 

Volume 

 The fund where prepaid funeral monies are held in trust until the funeral 
service is provided

 A term that refers to the number of funeral services, burials and cremations 
performed

102

InvoCarE ANNuAl REPORT 2008

Military Information (If applicable)

Branch of service 

Date entered service 

Date of discharge 

Grade, rank or rating

Wars/Conflicts served

Service serial number

Place

Place

Additional Information
Historical information 
Every individual is deserving of a meaningful obituary written in their memory. It is here that you may list those achievements and 
accomplishments that have been of pride to you and your family that are not mentioned elsewhere in your “Personal details guide”.

Education

Name of primary school

Date attended from 

Name of secondary school

Date attended from 

Name of tertiary institution 

Date attended from  

Qualifications attained

to

to

to

Societies/Clubs 

Memberships and positions held (include dates)

Other (including civic or public office held)

Special achievements (details of any special achievements or recognitions)

Medical History 
This information is very important for your spouse, children and grandchildren. It is also suggested that  
you keep an updated copy of your medical records for your family, as doctors often ask for it.

Special Instructions and Information
We suggest that you use these lines to keep our information current. We also recommend  
that you always date these entries to avoid possible confusion later.

Person to be notified 

Name

Relationship 

Person to be notified 

Name

Relationship 

Person to be notified 

Name

Relationship 

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

Personal details guide

For the benefit of our stakeholders, this guide is made available to enable you to record information 
and arrangements in advance that will assist your family and funeral director to ensure everything is 
conducted in accordance with your wishes.

Should you require assistance in completing it or require further copies of this guide for other family 
members, please call Guardian Plan Toll Free 1800 151 158.

Personal Information

Family name 

Address 

Date of birth 

Place of birth (Town/City/State/Country)

If born overseas, year arrived in Australia

Occupation during working life

Given names

Postcode

 Female 

 Male

Name and Address of Person Who I Would Like to Make Any Arrangements
(For instance, registering the death and contacting the funeral director, e.g. executor, solicitor, family member)

Name 

Address 

Funeral Director
(Funeral director you would like to conduct your service)

Name 

Address 

Next of Kin
This information is needed when the death is registered.

Name 

Address 

Executor of My Will
Executor will need certain financial information when applying for grant of probate.

Name 

Address 

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

Telephone

Postcode

Postcode

Postcode

Postcode

Corporate Information

InvoCare Limited
ABN 42 096 437 393

Directors
Ian Ferrier (Chairman) 
Andrew Smith (Managing Director and Chief Executive officer) 
Roger Penman (Non-executive Director) 
Christine Clifton (Non-executive Director) 
Richard Fisher (Non-executive Director) 
Benjamin Chow (Non-executive Director)

Company Secretary
Phillip Friery

Annual General Meeting
The Annual General Meeting of InvoCare Limited  
will be held at the Radisson Plaza Hotel,  
27 o’Connell Street, Sydney on 22 May 2009.

Registered Office
Level 4, 153 Walker Street 
North Sydney NSW 2060 
Telephone: 02 9978 5200 
Facsimile: 02 9978 5299 
Website: www.invocare.com.au

Share Registry
Link Market Services Limited  
Level 12, 680 George Street 
Sydney NSW 2000 
Toll free: 1300 854 911 
Facsimile: 02 9287 0303

Stock Exchange Listing
InvoCare Limited is a company limited by shares  
that is incorporated and domiciled in Australia.

InvoCare Limited’s shares are listed on the  
Australian Securities Exchange only.  
ASX code is IVC

Auditors
PricewaterhouseCoopers 
Darling Park Tower 2 
201 Sussex Street 
Sydney NSW 1171

Solicitors
Addisons Lawyers  
Level 12  
60 Carrington Street  
Sydney NSW 2000

Bankers
Australia and New Zealand  
Banking Group Limited 
20 Martin Place 
Sydney NSW 2000

National Australia Bank Limited  
255 George Street 
Sydney NSW 2000

ENVI Coated is made from elemental chlorine free pulp derived 
from sustainably managed forests and non controversial sources. 

It is certified carbon neutral and Australian Paper is ISo 14001 
certified which utilises energy resources.

ENVI – Australia’s Carbon Neutral Paper. 

This product is printed on ENVI Carbon Neutral Paper.

Designed and produced by Ross Barr & Associates Pty Limited

InvoCare ANNuAL REPoRT 2008