IQE
Annual Report 2014

Plain-text annual report

IQE PLC | ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2014 Revenues 2005 - 2014 s n o i l l i m £ 140.00 105.00 70.00 35.00 0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 EBITDA 2005 - 2014 s n o i l l i m £ 30.00 15.00 0.00 -15.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Track record of more than 20% CAGR over last 10 years High operational gearing to transform revenues into profitability Operational and financial resilience Strong position in high-growth markets provides strong outlook IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Five year financial summary Revenue EBITDA (see below) Operating profit - Adjusted* - Reported Profit after tax - Adjusted* - Reported Net cash flow from operations - Before exceptional cash flows - Reported Free cash flow** - Before exceptional cash flows - Reported Net (debt) / funds 2014 £’000 112,011 27,009 17,618 7,167 16,701 1,996 19,614 14,861 11,446 6,693 2013 £’000 126,774 24,920 14,556 7,346 14,202 6,126 16,173 12,762 5,389 1,978 2012 £’000 87,961 16,437 9,202 7,014 8,401 6,631 4,679 4,109 (1,569) (2,139) (31,251) (34,351) (15,483) 2011 £’000 75,318 13,955 8,657 7,373 9,727 8,443 10,823 10,823 (8,585) (8,585) (3,921) 2010 £’000 72,650 13,115 8,510 7,208 8,808 7,506 10,250 10,250 3,315 3,315 7,021 Equity shareholders’ funds 119,056 110,498 90,189 72,750 62,274 Basic EPS – adjusted* Basic EPS – unadjusted Diluted EPS – adjusted* Diluted EPS – unadjusted 2.51p 0.25p 2.42p 0.24p 2.09p 0.93p 2.00p 0.89p 1.47p 1.16p 1.40p 1.10p 1.86p 1.62p 1.74p 1.51p 1.91p 1.63p 1.76p 1.50p The adjusted performance measures are reconciled in note 4 on page 63. * ** Free cash flow is defined as net cash flow before acquisitions, financing and net interest paid. EBITDA has been calculated as follows: Profit after tax Tax Interest Share based payments Profit & loss on disposal Exceptional items Depreciation Amortisation of intangible assets 2014 £‘000 2013 £‘000 2012 £’000 2011 £’000 2010 £’000 1,996 3,247 1,924 1,458 15 7,877 6,590 3,902 6,126 (934) 2,154 1,415 - 5,065 8,503 2,591 6,631 (503) 886 1,360 - 570 5,998 1,495 8,443 (1,551) 481 1,284 - - 4,175 1,123 7,506 (1,172) 874 1,302 - - 3,619 986 EBITDA 27,009 24,920 16,437 13,955 13,115 1 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 The way we interact with technology as we and “things” connect, is changing - enabled by compound semiconductors 2 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 What’s inside? Five-year financial summary .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Chairman’s statement ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 CEO’s statement .................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Our vision ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Why compound semiconductors? .............................................................................................................................. 9 What we do ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Strategic report ................................................................................................................................................................. 13 Our competitive advantage ...................................................................................................................................................... Our business model ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 13 Our markets ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Our strategy .................................................................................................................................................................................... Operational highlights ............................................................................................................................................................... 22 22 Key development milestones .................................................................................................................................................. Current trading and outlook .................................................................................................................................................... 23 23 Financial highlights ...................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Financial review ............................................................................................................................................................................. 25 Innovation, research & development ................................................................................................................................... 26 Our commitment .......................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Risks and risk management ..................................................................................................................................................... 28 Directors’ biographies .................................................................................................................................................... 30 Directors’ report ................................................................................................................................................................ 32 Remuneration report ..................................................................................................................................................... 36 Corporate governance report ..................................................................................................................................... 41 Independent auditors’ report ...................................................................................................................................... 45 Financial statements ....................................................................................................................................................... 47 Consolidated income statement ............................................................................................................................................ 47 Consolidated balance sheet ..................................................................................................................................................... Consolidated statement of changes in equity ................................................................................................................. Consolidated cash flow statement ........................................................................................................................................ 48 49 50 Parent company balance sheet ............................................................................................................................................... 51 Parent company statement of changes in equity ........................................................................................................... 52 Parent company cash flow statement ................................................................................................................................. 53 Notes to the financial statements ............................................................................................................................. 54 Officers and professional advisers ............................................................................................................................ 88 3 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Enabling advanced technologies 4 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Chairman’s statement IQE is the world’s leading manufacturer and supplier of advanced semiconductor wafer products. Our enabling technology is found at the very heart of billions of smartphones, tablets and other advanced high-tech devices that are sold each year. As we, and the world around us become increasingly connected, so too does demand increase for the compound semiconductor components that are based on IQE’s wafer products. IQE’s materials not only enable the wireless communications that drive the “Internet of Everything” revolution, but also the increasing number of sensors, display, gesture recognition and other advanced technologies upon which we are already dependent. It is my pleasure to introduce IQE’s Annual Report for 2014. IQE is a global leader in the fast moving, highly dynamic world of semiconductor technology. We estimate that during 2014, more than one billion wireless chips and over two billion photonics chips containing IQE materials were shipped for use in a wide range of industrial and consumer applications including smartphones and tablets. In terms of wireless components, IQE has a market share of more than 55% of the global demand for compound semiconductor wafers. It is testament to the strength and robustness of IQE’s business model that, despite the challenges of well documented inventory management corrections across our core customer base, the Group has delivered a 21% year on year increase in adjusted operating profit to £17.6m (reported operating profit £7.2m) and an increase of more than 20% in adjusted, fully diluted earnings per share (EPS) of 2.42p (reported fully diluted EPS 0.24p). Improvements in operating efficiencies have contributed to our ability to generate improved profitability on lower revenues, as has the consolidation resulting from our strategic acquisitions in previous years which have been fully integrated into the Group to help yield significant cost savings during 2014. All in all, the foundations are in place for a very exciting future. We have created a world class platform for the development and supply of advanced semiconductor materials evidenced by: ❖ a global footprint spanning US, Europe and Asia; ❖ an unparalleled portfolio of advanced semiconductor materials technology; ❖ a highly talented, committed and experienced team; ❖ proven credibility and envied reputation; ❖ a secure multi-site, multi-platform supply; ❖ scale and cost leadership; and ❖ the largest manufacturing, research and development capacity in the industry. The wireless market, which accounts for approximately 80% of our sales, remains our key market. Communications chips continue to evolve in order to meet the challenge of the exponential growth in data traffic, whilst bandwidth becomes increasingly more fragmented and trends to higher frequency. Our materials will continue to be the key enablers underpinning this evolution. 2014 has seen record growth in our photonics business units with demand outstripping supply in a number of market segments. Feedback from our customers indicates further significant growth in the photonics sector as the need for sensors, energy generation (CPV), heating, lighting and other energy efficient products come to the foreground. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (“UNESCO”) has designated 2015 as the International Year of Light in recognition of the growing importance of photonics. We believe that the increase in demand in this market sector will ensure that we continue to deliver strong growth from further diversified revenues over the coming years. 2014 proved to be a challenging year during which we made excellent progress with our organisational development programme. I would once again like to take this opportunity to thank the IQE management and staff for their commitment and dedication without which our current success and future plans would be impossible. We have a great team doing outstanding work. Finally, of course, I would also like to thank you, my fellow shareholders, for your continued belief in and support of IQE. 5 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 CEO’s statement IQE has been at the forefront of the compound semiconductor industry for over 25 years, and has developed an unparalleled depth and breadth of technology within its industry. The Group leverages its technology leadership and scale to deliver the performance, cost points and security of supply to support increasing mass market adoption across a significant number of high volume market verticals. These changes have driven a revolution within the supply chain. Skyworks has emerged as the new leader in the chip space, as some chip companies have waned and others have consolidated to compete. Throughout this period of rapid change, IQE has also played a major role in reshaping the supply chain. Both through technological innovation, and through consolidating the materials space, IQE has emerged as the clear industry leader for advanced materials. IQE is the global leader in the provision of wafers to the wireless chip industry, with an estimated market share of over 50%. The wireless market, which accounts for approximately 80% of the Group’s sales, remains a key market driver for the Group. With the adoption of numerous optical devices in next generation handsets, this will continue to be a major part of the Group’s future business. Furthermore, IQE has developed an unparalleled depth and breadth of advanced materials technology which spans wireless, infrared, photonics, solar, power electronics and CMOS++. The market drivers for adoption of these technologies are very powerful: Big Data; IoT; Energy Efficiency (power generation and usage); Smart Cities; Industry 4.0; Space Technologies; Robotics and Autonomous Vehicles; and 5G . These will all drive increasing adoption of Compound Semiconductor Technologies. As a result, our non-wireless revenues are growing rapidly and increasing our overall revenue diversity. IQE is a global leader in the supply of advanced wireless materials, and aims to replicate this success in its other primary markets: photonics, infrared, advanced solar (CPV), LED, power switching and advanced electronics. The Group has now established the platform for delivering this strategy, through the following USPs: ❖ Global footprint spanning US, Europe and Asia ❖ Breadth and depth of advanced semiconductor materials technology ❖ Talented, committed and experienced team ❖ Proven credibility and reputation ❖ Secure multi-site supply ❖ Scale and cost leadership ❖ Largest capacity in the industry This platform supports both the continued robust growth potential available in our markets and enables us to continue to diversify our revenues over the coming years. IQE has emerged as a market leader through a period of rapid change The mobile communications industry has gone through a revolution over the past decade. Less than ten years ago, one in every two mobile phones sold was a Nokia, with RIM’s Blackberry devices taking a strong second place in the market. Since that time, smartphones have taken the world by storm and communications technology has moved rapidly from 2G to 3G and now LTE/4G. Mobile data demand is growing exponentially, requiring ever more complex and high performance RF front end solutions, with increasing Compound Semiconductor content. Apple and Samsung now dominate the handset space, and the mobile revolution has spread to new types of devices including tablets and wearables, and is enabling the Internet of Things (IoT). Future handset designs will include more and more optical content for proximity sensing, auto focus, gesture recognition, sensing and displays. 6 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 In addition to our leadership position in the wireless sector, our market data indicates that IQE has almost 50% global share across all of today’s markets for compound semiconductor wafers. Epiwafer market share (all markets) Delivering progress through a challenging year After several years of strong growth, in 2014 the wireless market paused for breath ahead of the next wave of hardware innovation. Combined with an industry wide de-stocking, this volatility created a short term challenge for the Group. We tackled this head on and delivered increasing underlying profitability and earnings, as well as strengthening our balance sheet as a result of lower deferred consideration and net debt. We also made solid progress in line with our strategic plan, including: ❖ Our photonics business delivered year on year growth of 23% (in constant currency) driven primarily by the increasing adoption of VCSEL technology into a wide range of applications from data centres through to industrial processes. This ramp is at an early stage and has a long and sustainable future. ❖ Our solar energy business (CPV) moved into production in early 2015, with our material now being deployed into the field. Although this was later than originally anticipated, the future for this business remains bright as end market pull should see this ramp through 2015/16. ❖ Conversely, our power business has progressed more rapidly than we originally expected. A number of major technical milestones and commercial partnerships are positioning the Group in a strong position to commercialise this technology. ❖ The Group made excellent progress with its Organisational Development Programme which included collaboration between IQE, WIN Semiconductors and Nanyang Technological University in the formation of the Compound Semiconductor Development Centre (“CSDC”), which has emerged from the Group’s Singapore operation, referred to in the operational highlights section on page 22. Positioned for continued strong growth over the next decade Change is a constant in our world. The inexorable drive for electronic devices to continue to achieve higher levels of functionality, speed, performance and efficiency will unquestionably necessitate the increasing use of more sophisticated semiconductor materials. These advanced semiconductors are enabling a range of new mass market applications such as gesture recognition and short range optical communication, and at the same time disrupting some existing large markets such as solar energy and power switching. We expect that this rate of change will continue to accelerate. We have established a global manufacturing platform that has the capacity to be able to take advantage of the opportunities in our markets. The Board remains focussed on increasing throughput, which with the operational gearing is expected to deliver improving margins and cash generation. This provides a bright outlook for IQE, which through its broad technology portfolio has developed a solid foundation in the wireless market; a high growth photonics business; and transformational opportunities in Solar energy and Power electronics. The Board believes that this creates a platform for future growth as well as increasing the diversity of the Group’s revenues. 7 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Our vision To be the global number one provider of advanced semiconductor materials. Our strategy To use our technology leadership and scale to deliver the performance, cost points and security of supply required for mass market adoption of compound semiconductor materials. Our delivery Number one provider of compound semiconductor wafer products by market share and scale and clear technology leader with an unparalleled breadth of technology. Leading the advancement of new materials 8 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Why compound semiconductors? Evolution in materials Mankind’s ability to master materials is inextricably linked to advances in technology to such an extent that key milestones throughout human history are identified by the dominant material of each era. From the stone age, through the iron and bronze ages, innovation in materials has played a key role in technological development. We now live in the semiconductor age. The elements Every material in the universe is made from one or more of the fundamental elements. There are 118 known elements. The periodic table is the most common way of representing the elements by arranging them in Groups according to their properties. The semiconductor age Elements in groups III, IV and V of the periodic table exhibit some important electronic properties that can be made to conduct or not conduct an electrical current. These materials are known as semiconductors. By harnessing the properties of semiconducting materials, scientists and engineers have enabled the electronics revolution that has transformed our lives since the early 1960s. Silicon has been the backbone of the electronics revolution from the 1960s by virtue of the continuous miniaturization of the electronic circuits. This concept, which was expressed by one of the founders of Intel, Gordon Moore, has become known as “Moore’s Law”. Impressive as the impact of silicon has been on our lives, it has very basic and limited properties in the context of the broader family of semiconducting materials. This is why human innovation has turned to the advanced properties of other semiconducting compounds to compliment silicon and to enable the dawn of the digital revolution. It is mankind’s ability to harness the advanced properties of the full range of semiconducting materials that will drive the digital revolution for generations to come. This is the world of advanced or “compound” semiconductors. Compound semiconductors Most people will be unaware that atomically engineered combinations of semiconductor elements called compound semiconductors, have already revolutionised their lives and are set to do so even more over the coming years and decades. The early markets for compound semiconductors have been in wireless, laser and LED applications. In other words, the advent of the internet, fibre-optic communication and the smartphone revolution have been fundamentally dependent on compound semiconductor technologies. The future’s bright The trends are clear, applications begin their lives based on silicon technology, but inevitably transition to compound semiconductors as human innovation demands more. But this is only the tip of the iceberg. Compound semiconductor technology will lie at the heart of human innovation for generations to come. We are at an exciting inflection point, and at a time when the rate of change has never been quicker and continues to gather pace. All major chip companies include advanced semiconductor materials on their product roadmaps for future generations of high performance components. Integration is inevitable Of course, the mass adoption of new technologies is more than just a function of what is possible - it is a function of cost versus performance. Compound semiconductors will continue to gather momentum in their own right as the industry continues to increase scale which is enabling multiple technologies to advance whilst reducing overall costs. As silicon integration has been a key feature in increasing performance and reducing costs, so too with the integration of silicon with compound semiconductor technologies. Better performance, higher efficiencies and reduced costs will only be achieved by combining the advanced properties of compound semiconductors with 9 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Global leader global presence Asia& Singapore( Taiwan( North&America& Europe& Bath,(UK(( Cardiff,(UK( Cardiff,(UK( Milton(Keynes,(UK(( Bethlehem,(PA(( Greensboro,(NC( Somerset,(NJ( Spokane,(WA( Taunton,(MA( 10 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 What we do Our core IP is “Epitaxy” IQE manufactures epiwafers using a nano technology called “Epitaxy”. Epitaxy is a form of atomic engineering that requires high specification cleanrooms, sophisticated production tools and high levels of intellectual property. Essentially, we grow atomically thin films of crystals on a substrate. The substrate is simply a physical and electric template required in order to handle our finished product. It’s the combination of layers produced by IQE that gives the epiwafer its properties. The films are grown atomic layer by atomic layer. The supply chain IQE designs and manufactures advanced semiconductor materials. Our finished products are compound semiconductor wafers (also called “epiwafers”). We manufacture atomically engineered wafer products to exacting technical specifications required by our customers. Our customers fabricate our wafers into the “chips” that form the critical components for a wide range of wireless communication and photonic devices. Our customers: Chip specialists OEMs: System specialists Our customers fabricate our wafers into chips OEMs utilise these chips to make devices and systems 11 IQE: Materials specialistsWe make advanced semiconductor wafers in high spec cleanrooms using sophisticated tools and extensive IPIQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Efficient power generation and usage is a 21st century priority - compound semiconductors enable high efficiency energy sources as well as power control for lighting, electric vehicles and mass transportation 12 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Strategic report OUR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OUR BUSINESS MODEL Global footprint Outsourcing pioneer IQE’s operations span the US, Asia and Europe which also reflects the geographical diversity of our customer base. This allows IQE to be positioned close to its customers and maintain strong, long-term relationships. In the early days of the industrial revolution it became absolutely necessary for manufacturers to be vertically integrated since there were no alternative sources of specialised goods and services. Breadth of technology As a pioneer of compound semiconductor technology, IQE has developed an unparalleled and comprehensive breadth of technology and advanced production platforms. Technology leadership Through organic development and through acquisition, IQE has established clear technology leadership and created a virtuous circle, which continues to attract the brightest and best talent. Cost leadership In the electronics industry, cost leadership is achieved through advanced technology and scale. IQE has developed leadership in both. Security of supply Confidence in a secure supply is critical to the supply chains in which IQE operates. IQE offers its customers identical supply from multiple locations for all its core technologies, allowing it to be a primary and trusted supplier to its customers. Our risk mitigation strategy IQE’s strategy is to be the most significant supplier to all of the major wireless chip companies in order to mitigate against the impact of swings in market share between the chip companies. Furthermore, the Group has embarked on a product diversification strategy to reduce its dependence on any single market whilst taking full advantage of opportunities in all new and emerging market segments that are and will be enabled by compound semiconductor materials. Only towards the middle of the twentieth century did specialisation become a competitive advantage. However, in new and emerging technologies, the early adopters were in a similar position to their industrial revolution forefathers in that the development of new processes and technologies required the early pioneers to establish all key parts of their supply chain. Specialisation within the silicon industry Early silicon chip manufacturers found it necessary to set up complete vertically integrated supply chains to source each part of the production process from raw materials through to final packaged product. As silicon technology matured, the industry saw the emergence of businesses specialising in different parts of the process to the extent that there now exist a large number of fabless companies who outsource the entire production process to large specialists such as TSMC Ltd and Global Foundries. Pioneering specialisation within the compound semiconductor industry The compound semiconductor industry shares similar attributes with the silicon chip industry. Some of the processes such as epitaxy require large scale investment, complex infrastructure support in the form of cleanrooms, environmental controls and most importantly, highly specialised skills and expertise. In 1988, IQE became the first compound semiconductor materials company to recognise the potential value in offering specialised outsourcing of compound semiconductor wafers and has witnessed an increasing trend towards this model over its twenty-five year history. By specialising in the complex epitaxy process, IQE offers its customers economies of scale, access to leading technology and the ability to do what they do best: design and refine their products. The high level of investment means that IQE’s business is highly operationally geared which facilitates significant scope for profitability once sales contribution exceed fixed costs. The last decade has demonstrated an unprecedented number of key industry suppliers selecting outsourcing as a key business advantage. 13 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 OUR MARKETS The key advantages of compound semiconductors over silicon are: ❖ Compound semiconductors are much more efficient at emitting and receiving radio waves ❖ Compound semiconductors are much more efficient at emitting and detecting light ❖ Compound semiconductors operate at much higher speeds and lower power consumption ❖ It is these advanced properties which determine the top-level markets for our materials: ‣ Wireless ‣ ‣ Photonics Electronics Wireless Accounted for 79% of the Group’s sales in 2014. The wireless market covers electronic devices that communicate wirelessly. This includes but is not limited to mobile phones, smartphones, mobile networks, WiFi, smart metering, satellite navigation, and a plethora of other connected devices. Photonics Accounted for 20% of the Group’s sales in 2014. The photonics market covers applications that either emit or detect light. We segment the photonics market into: ❖ Emitters and detectors ❖ Infrared ❖ Solar (CPV) ❖ Lighting Electronics Photonics 20% The electronics market combines the advanced properties of compound semiconductors with the low cost of silicon. We segment the electronics market into: ❖ Power control ❖ Advanced materials Wireless 79% 14 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 One Focus Multiple Markets High performance wireless applications including smartphones, tablets, PCs, base stations and WiFi Lasers and optical sensors for data communications, data storage, imaging and gesture recognition Infrared materials for advanced sensing applications including night vision, thermal imaging and security High efficiency concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) solar cells for utility- scale energy generation Power control applications including energy efficient power supplies, electric vehicles and LED lighting Advanced compound semiconductor on silicon technologies for integration of CS and CMOS applications 15 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 16 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Wireless Photonics The wireless communications market has grown rapidly in recent years reflecting the increasing adoption of wireless technology, coupled with the need for an increased compound semiconductor content to support greater sophistication of mobile devices. Whilst handset replacement cycles have slowed, innovations such as wearable devices are expected to reignite the desire to upgrade connected devices such as smartphones. Coupled with the widely held view that the Internet of Everything will see 50 billion connected devices by 2020, the overall wireless market is expected to continue to grow with the global roll out of LTE, 4G, 5G and the evolution of WiFi. Smartphone shipments exceeded one billion units in 2014 and are expected to grow to more than 1.5 billion in 2017 (Source: IDC). This growth will be driven by new features, apps, social networking, entertainment and location based services. High-speed connectivity and added functionality drive the requirement for the advanced properties offered by compound semiconductor epiwafers. The global roll-out of wireless broadband networks such as 4G/LTE devices increasingly rely on compound semiconductor content with 5G expected to demand a quantum leap in speed, power and efficiency. The migration to new WiFi standards is another major driver for RF components. The 802.11ac WiFi standard operates at 5GHz rather than the 2.6GHz currently used. The higher frequency which greatly increases the range and reliability of WiFi networks will further raise the demand for compound semiconductor based RF devices. Growth in the compound semiconductor content in smartphones will be driven by the need for more radio frequency functionality and greater complexity in wireless circuitry but will be partly mitigated by improved efficiencies and a drive towards reduced component footprints. Photonics represents applications which emit and detect light. We segment this market into emitters and detectors, infra-red, solar and lighting. Emitters and detectors This encompasses a wide range of applications including optical interconnects, laser projectors, optical storage, cosmetic applications, gesture recognition, finger navigation and a wide range of other sensing applications. Optical interconnects Currently, wired data transmission in the home, the office and in data centres is largely undertaken using copper cables. However, data traffic is growing at an explosive rate due to technologies such as high definition imaging, video streaming, “Big Data” and cloud computing. This phenomenon is necessitating a switch from copper wires to optical communication. This is a natural evolution which mirrors the transformation that has already taken place in the telecoms infrastructure. Optical interconnects offer significantly higher-speed data transfers over much longer distances than their copper counterparts, and are much more efficient.  Data centres have become major consumers of electrical energy, rivalling traditional heavy industries in terms of the power requirements needed to keep large warehouses full of servers operating and cooled. It is therefore of little surprise that enterprises such as data centres are amongst the first adopters, where optical technology now offers both higher performance and lower overall operating cost compared with copper. A number of contract wins for both production and development contracts were announced during 2014. Compound semiconductor technology that enables optical interconnects include Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). VCSELs are an advanced laser technology geared to mass production and low cost. IQE is the market and technology leader for VCSEL products, with world record data speeds in excess of 64 Gb/s already demonstrated. 17 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Laser projection Infrared IQE is the clear market leader in advanced gallium antimonide and indium antimonide substrates for use in a range of infrared and heat sensing applications. The sensitivity of current heat sensors enables a monochrome image so that applications such as night vision devices can only see in tones of green and black, whereas the new antimonide materials allow greater sensitivity so that different shades and colours can be distinguished, effectively producing full colour night vision images. The improved sensitivity is useful for search and rescue operations and the full colour night vision capability has major military potential in terms of enabling effective identification of personnel and equipment in low or zero visibility conditions. IQE is actively engaged in a number of collaborative programmes with leading industry players and government agencies in the development and supply of infrared materials based on antimonide (Sb) materials. Conventional projection technologies utilise incandescent or halogen lamps as their light sources. Such devices are power hungry, physically bulky, have relatively short lifetimes and require focusing optics which can limit the image quality and flexibility. The emergence of lasers in each of the primary colours (red, green and blue) enables a low cost, high quality laser projection solution which can be miniaturized and does not require focusing optics. This technology is called pico projection. Early pico projector technologies utilise LEDs for the light source but the next generation of devices is incorporating miniature laser projection units. Gesture recognition Gesture recognition represents the ability of electronic devices to recognise hand and body gestures and movements in order to control any device. The advanced properties of compound semiconductor epiwafers are a key component in gesture recognition devices which are expected to appear in many new product launches over the coming years. The potential applications for this technology extend far beyond gaming, from medical applications, disability aids, remote controls, to sign language recognition, and more. In fact, the use of this technology is only limited by human imagination, and has far reaching implications for how we will interface with technology in the near future. It is anticipated that many household appliances will be controlled by gesture. 18 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Solid state lighting (LEDs) Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are a high performance, low cost, green alternative to incandescent light bulbs. Global concerns about climate change and the Earth’s dwindling natural resources continue to be a priority for governments worldwide. Significant new policies and legislation continue to be introduced in the direction of renewable and highly efficient energy devices. Already, many continents have introduced wide-ranging legislation to progressively ban incandescent lighting. Alternative low energy, compact fluorescent lighting is unpopular because of perceptions of low quality lighting and on-going issues with heavy metal content including mercury. Solid state lighting is widely viewed as the only credible solution to replace the incandescent light bulb. Efficient energy consumption will remain a key driver in the development and adoption of this technology, but the critical success factors are reducing cost and improving the ambience of these units. High quality gallium nitride on silicon (GaN on Si) provides the route map to achieving this, which will revolutionise residential and commercial lighting around the planet over the coming years. Solar (CPV) Solar cells utilising compound semiconductors (called CPV or Concentrated PhotoVoltaics) provide the highest efficiencies by using multiple layers of finely tuned materials to absorb sunlight across a wider range of wavelengths. As a result the efficiency of this material is already in excess of 44%, with a roadmap to increase this to beyond 50%. This compares with typical efficiencies of around 18% from amorphous silicon solar panels, while thin film technology is typically around 10 to 15% efficient. There is very little scope to improve the efficiency of these technologies due to the fundamental properties of the materials used. A further advantage of compound semiconductors is their tolerance of higher temperatures. This means the cost of CPV systems is also reduced by using lenses which intensify sunlight and thereby reduce the amount of semiconductor required. Industry analysts IHS estimates that the addressable market for this technology will reach almost 8GW in 2018 (IHS CPV Report 2014). To put this in context, 1 GW represents approximately $150m of revenue for IQE, at a margin consistent with our existing business. The key milestone for adoption of volume production is the demonstration of a robust supply chain. IQE has now qualified and demonstrated high volume capability and is working closely with its partners to ensure all the building blocks are in place for an efficient and robust supply chain. IQE has been through an extensive programme of product development and customer qualification and reached a major milestone in January 2015, moving into production. Our material is now being deployed into field installations, and this business is expected to ramp through 2015/16. 19 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Compound semiconductors enable the key twenty-first century technologies Our power business has made strong progress through 2014, achieving several key technical milestones and building commercial partnerships. Advanced technologies IQE has developed a powerful range of advanced, engineered wafers such as germanium-on-insulator (GeOI), germanium-on-silicon (GeOSi) and silicon-on- sapphire (SOS), which offer a high performance and low cost solution for next generation microprocessors, ultra- high speed/high density flash memory and MEMS devices such as motion sensors. IQE has established a powerful position in these advanced technologies, working with some of the biggest names in the industry, which is reflected in a number of joint patents awarded in conjunction with Intel for the production of compound semiconductor materials on silicon substrates. We believe that our intellectual property in this field has the potential to revolutionise the semiconductor world, and in so doing will create significant long-term value to IQE stakeholders. Electronics Power Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound semiconductor that offers a diverse range of RF, photonic and electronic properties. Of particular interest is the material’s ability to cope with high voltages, high temperature, and high power which makes it an ideal candidate for power control systems which are growing in demand driven by alternative energy sources such as solar, wind and wave power, and also the adoption of electric vehicles. It is estimated that globally, more than 10% of all electricity is ultimately “lost” due to conversion inefficiencies, as energy is switched from generation, to grid, and through to consumption. The scale of this loss exceeds the world’s entire supply of renewable energy generation. The power adapters that we use for our electronic devices, such as laptop power supplies, provide a vivid example of this phenomenon by virtue of the electrical energy that is lost in the form of heat generated through the conversion process. GaN offers superior performance and efficiency that are orders of magnitude better than the silicon technologies that dominate power switching devices today. Indeed, this technology has the potential to eliminate up to 90% of the energy lost through switching. 20 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Gallium arsenide (GaAs) vs silicon (Si)? The relationship between gallium arsenide (GaAs) and Silicon in wireless communication The first mobile phones in the 1980’s used communication chips made from silicon. As mobile communication evolved, higher levels of performance were demanded of these communication chips, which necessitated the use of gallium arsenide (GaAs). In the many years since, there has been speculation periodically, that Silicon would recapture this market. In reality, the wireless communications revolution would not have been possible without GaAs technology. Indeed, even the current silicon technology is unable to meet the higher levels of today’s performance requirements. But that does not mean that there is no place for silicon in the wireless market. So what does this mean for the future? We believe that for the near future, both technologies will continue to address these different market segments with some areas of overlap. In the longer term, the disruptive technology will be a hybrid between compound semiconductors and silicon. This hybrid offers the performance advantages of compound semiconductors with the large scale production infrastructure of silicon. We are already beginning to see this hybrid technology making inroads in adjacent electronics markets. Through its investment and innovation, IQE is continuing to position itself at the heart of this emerging technology revolution. Material Properties
 Silicon has limited properties as a semiconductor material. The shortcomings in the wireless communication properties of silicon can be partially overcome by using very complex circuit design. However, the level of complexity necessary is significantly more expensive to develop, and has much longer design cycles. In contrast, the highly advanced wireless communication performance of GaAs makes the circuits considerably less complex and hence considerably cheaper and quicker to design. GaAs can inherently operate at much higher frequencies than silicon. Characteristics
 The volume of global data traffic will continue to grow at an exponential rate for the foreseeable future. At the same time, the radio frequencies (bandwidth) available for radio communication are becoming significantly more complex (fragmented) eg 2G – single band; 3G – 5 bands; 4G/LTE – over 40 bands. In addition, wireless communication is trending to higher frequencies in order to pack more information into radio signals. These characteristics necessitate wireless chips becoming increasingly more complex. The relationship between GaAs and Silicon in wireless communication is best explained by comparing the properties of these materials, the characteristics of wireless communication, the markets requirements and the economics models of these materials Market requirements 
 The increasing complexity of wireless communication necessitates bespoke radio solutions at the leading edge. For example, the communication chips in iPhones not only vary between territories, but between different carriers within the same territory. A ‘one size fits all’ approach simply does not work. In addition, the continuing shift to higher frequencies goes beyond the capabilities of silicon, and necessitates the use of GaAs. Furthermore, time-to-market is critical and can make the difference between success and failure, so the handset OEMs are demanding rapid design iterations. Economic models Chip designers use the technology which can deliver the threshold performance at the lowest cost. Threshold performance continues to increase. Silicon technology is cost competitive where the high design costs can be defrayed over larger volume. In contrast higher performance GaAs enables more complex 3G, 4G and LTE solutions and is cost effective. Clearly, there is a middle ground where the material chosen will depend on the individual architecture adopted. 21 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 OUR STRATEGY Industry positioning IQE has been at the forefront of the compound semiconductor industry for over 25 years, and has developed an unparalleled depth and breadth of technology with in its industry. The Group leverages its technology leadership and scale to deliver the performance, cost points and security of supply to support increasing mass market adoption across a significant number of high volume market verticals. IQE is currently global leader in the supply of advanced wireless materials, and has aims to replicate this success in its other primary markets: photonics, infrared, advanced solar (CPV), LED, power switching and advanced electronics. The Group has established the platform for delivering this strategy: ❖ Global footprint spanning US, Europe and Asia ❖ Breadth and depth of advanced semiconductor materials technology ❖ Talented, committed and experienced team ❖ Proven credibility and reputation ❖ Secure multi-site supply ❖ Scale and cost leadership ❖ Largest capacity in the industry The three primary strands of our strategy are: 1. Diversify our end markets to exploit the strengths of each of our business units to enable new and emerging opportunities in areas such as “big data”, aerospace, safety & security, robotics & autonomous systems, energy efficiency & sustainability 2. Maintain our technology leadership through which IQE will continue to exploit and commercialise its diverse IP portfolio 3. Exploit our global presence and world leading technology platforms to maximize operational efficiencies and cost savings to maintain our competitive advantage These opportunities support both continued strong growth and the diversification of revenues over the coming years. Risk mitigation strategy The Wireless chip market, into which IQE supplies the core wafer technology, is dominated by a relatively small number of large chip manufacturers. These in turn supply very large end market customers such as Apple and Samsung. Large supply contracts, major platform design wins and the demand for a fast and flexible supply chain mean that big shifts in market share between chip suppliers is commonplace. 22 IQE has implemented a strategy to mitigate against being overly dependent on a limited number of chip manufacturers by establishing strong supply relationships with all major chip companies, thereby ensuring IQE will always be part of the supply chain, regardless of who wins the large contracts. Through a combination of organic development and acquisition, IQE is now the clear global leader in the provision of wafers to the wireless chip industry, with an estimated market share of between 50%-60%. The wireless market, which accounts for approximately 80% of the Group’s sales, remains a key market for the Group. OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS Organisational development and market diversification The Group continued with its Organisational Development Programme which was set out in 2013. This has involved transferring production between sites to improve operational efficiency, enabling the Group to reduce its operating costs and achieve its cost reduction targets, and the creation of specific end market focussed Business Units. The Group has now established six Business Units along market lines, to address its primary and emerging markets : ❖ IQE Wireless ❖ IQE Photonics ❖ IQE InfraRed ❖ IQE Solar ❖ IQE Power ❖ IQE CMOS++ Each Business Unit has a clear product and customer focus, but continues to benefit from the production and technology synergies of the whole IQE Group. Each business unit’s KPIs in terms of production, delivery and quality metrics are monitored, managed and aligned with the overall Group KPIs. The Organisational Development Programme has also included the formation of the Compound Semiconductor Development Centre (“CSDC”), which has emerged from the Group’s Singapore operation. This was announced during the second half of 2014, and has become operational in Q1 2015. This is a collaboration between IQE, WIN Semiconductors and Nanyang Technological University with the purpose of accelerating the development of compound semiconductor technology in Singapore, and providing an effective incubator for bringing new innovations to market. IQE will be the wafer provider to the new high volume applications which emerge. As detailed in Note 4, this programme necessitated the Group incurring cash costs relating to the reorganisation of £4.8m (2013: £3.4m), provisions for asset impairment of £6.3m, and provisions for onerous leases of £6.7m. KEY DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES Wireless IQE has continued to develop leading edge materials solutions in conjunction with its customer base to improve the performance of front end modules for the ever increasing demands on reduced power, size and fit for function. This has resulted in ongoing improvements in efficiency of Power Amplifiers (PAs), which have consequently been able to continue to dominate the other solutions for this critical application. Device and systems architectures continue to evolve, and several programs have the potential to further increase compound semiconductor content. In addition, work is now beginning to address the requirements of 5G, which because of the higher frequencies are highly likely to require even more compound semiconductor content. Photonics VCSEL is the key enabling technology behind a number of high growth photonics markets including data communications, data centres, sensing applications, gesture recognition, health, cosmetics, illumination and heating applications. IQE is the market leader for outsourced VCSEL materials, which has been achieved by virtue of its technology leadership. This includes the demonstration of VCSELs with record speeds, efficiencies and temperatures. In addition, the 6” capability IQE demonstrated in 2014 has been significant in reducing the unit cost of chips and accelerating the adoption of this technology. This is evident in the strong year on year growth in photonics sales, which was c.30% in constant currency for non- infrared applications. The Group also announced its participation in a €23M programme to establish a Pan European pilot line for the production of VCSEL components. InfraRed IQE is a global leader in the supply of indium antimonide and gallium antimonide wafers for advanced infrared applications. We made sound technical progress during 2014 with the launch of the industry’s first 150mm indium antimonide wafers, a major milestone in reducing the overall cost of chips to drive increasing adoption. This success was followed up with a number of significant contract wins for the division. In addition, there has been significant work in developing these materials for consumer sensing applications, which will drive much higher volumes of wafers in the future. IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Advanced Solar (CPV) As announced on 24 March 2014, IQE’s stake in Solar Junction (“SJC”) was acquired by a new strategic investor with a strong interest in accelerating the deployment of CPV systems on a global basis. IQE remains the materials partner to SJC by virtue of its exclusive wafer supply agreement. IQE achieved full qualification with SJC on its high volume manufacturing platform, and pilot production for field deployment commenced in January 2015. We expect this to ramp into volume through 2015 and 2016. IQE also became a key partner in a EU funded programme during 2014, to develop 4-junction advanced solar cells for space applications. Power Gallium nitride on Silicon (GaN on Si) is driving a technology shift in the multi-billion dollar power switching and LED markets. IQE has continued to push the technology boundaries and is making rapid progress both technically and in developing commercial relationships in the supply chain. This includes an agreement with M/A-COM Technology Solutions Inc to deliver 200mm GaN on Si. IQE was also selected as a key partner in the Clean Energy Manufacturing Innovation Institute announced by President Obama. Gallium nitride on Silicon Carbide (GaN on SiC) is similarly driving a technology shift in a number of high power radio applications such as radar, CATV and base stations. IQE has developed high quality 150mm GaN on SiC material, which is enabling the supply chain to improve efficiency and reduce cost in order to accelerate the adoption of this material. The progress made by IQE was recognised during 2014 with an award from CS International. CURRENT TRADING AND OUTLOOK The Group’s global leadership in wireless and its developing pipeline of high growth opportunities positions it well to continue its growth profile over the coming years. The current financial year has started in line with expectations, and the outlook for the full year remains positive, with strong prospects driven by the Group’s diversification strategy. The Board remains confident of achieving our expectations for the full year earnings and we anticipate that we will continue to benefit from strong cash flows. 23 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS Revenues 130 s n o i l l i m £ 98 65 33 0 2012 2013 2014 Fully diluted EPS1 e c n e p K U 3 2 1 1 0 2012 2013 2014 Operating profit1 Net debt2 s n o i l l i m £ 18 14 9 5 0 2012 2013 2014 s n o i l l i m £ 41 31 21 10 0 2012 2013 2014 Cash from operations1 Deferred consideration s n o i l l i m £ 20 15 10 5 0 2012 2013 2014 s n o i l l i m £ 60 45 30 15 0 2012 2013 2014 1 before exceptional items 2 restated FY12 to include balances from acquisition on 15 Jan 2013 24 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 FINANCIAL REVIEW Overview Interest The Group’s underlying financial performance includes a number of adjusted profit measures that adjust for the impact of non-cash charges and exceptional items as detailed in note 4. These largely relate to a two year restructuring programme that was flagged in early 2013. No further restructuring costs are anticipated in 2015. Revenue Revenues of £112m were in line with expectations, reflecting H2 revenues of £60m up 15% from H1. Revenues were down from £126.8m in 2013 due to the impact of an industry wide inventory correction, foreign exchange (approx. 5%), and lower underlying growth in demand for wireless wafers. EPS Strong margins and cost reductions helped improve profitability. This enabled the Group to generate an adjusted fully diluted EPS of 2.42p, up 21% from 2.00p in the prior year. Reported diluted EPS was 0.24p, down from 0.89p. Gross profit Adjusted gross profit increased from £27.9m to £31.6m, due largely to cost reductions and improved efficiencies. Reported gross profit increased from £23.1m to £26.0m. As a percentage of sales, adjusted gross margins increased from 22.0% to 28.2%, whereas reported gross margins increased from 18.2% to 23.2% . Interest costs reduced from £2.2m to £1.9m reflecting the reduction in borrowings, and a reduction in the imputed interest relating to the discounting of long term balances. Pre-tax profit Adjusted pre tax profit increased by 25% from £13.0m to £16.2m. Reported pre tax profit remained flat at £5.2m. (2013: £5.2m) Taxation The income tax charge of £3.2m primarily reflects deferred tax on exceptional items of £3.8m. Excluding exceptionals, there was an underlying tax credit of £0.6m (2013: £0.6m) largely reflecting the benefit of R&D tax credits and deferred tax credits on losses recognised. The Group has sufficient tax losses available to shield future tax payable of up to £39.1m. Profit after tax Adjusted profit after tax increased by 23% from £13.6m to £16.7m. Reported retained profit decreased from £6.1m to £2.0m, largely reflecting the exceptional deferred tax charge of £3.7m. Cash Cash inflow from operations, before exceptional items, increased 21% from £16.2m to £19.6m. After exceptional items, cash generated from operations increased 16% from £12.8m to £14.9m. Other Income Capital investment Other income and expense has increased from a net charge of £0.2m to a net charge of £1.7m. This relates to the following one-off items as detailed in note 4: gain on release of contingent deferred consideration, provision for onerous leases and impairment of fixed assets. Cash investments (excluding acquisitions) reduced £0.7m from £10.1m to £9.4m, reflecting reduced spend on property, plant and equipment (down £2.0m) partially mitigated by higher spend on product development (up £0.6m) and new IT systems (up £0.8m). SG&A Adjusted selling, general and administration expenses (SG&A) increased from £13.4m to £13.9m, largely reflecting the impact of foreign currency exchange. Reported SG&A increased from £15.6m to £17.1m. Operating profit Adjusted operating profit increased by 21% from £14.6m to £17.6m. Reported operating profit, which includes exceptional items, remained broadly flat at £7.2m (2013: £7.3m). Deferred consideration Deferred consideration at the year end was £20.6m, down £15.0m (42%) from £35.6m Debt Net debt at the year end was £31.3m (2013: £34.4m), reflecting net cash generation. The Board will not be recommending the payment of a dividend. 25 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 INNOVATION, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT R&D activity Government Technology leadership lies at the heart of IQE’s strategy. This is supported by a culture of innovation and constant improvement. We are engaged in a number of research and development programmes in collaboration with customers, academia, research organisations and government agencies. These programmes are funded through a combination of internal cash generation, customer funding, and government support. Development programmes are geared towards next generation applications as well as process improvements leading to greater throughput, higher-quality products, better manufacturing yield, increased production uptime and new product development. Whilst many R&D programmes are subject to non- disclosure agreements and confidentiality, there are some programmes in the public domain, examples of which include: ❖ Multi junction CPV solar cells ❖ Integration of III-V with Si ❖ Graphene for RF electronics ❖ Sb-based materials ❖ QD VCSELs (EU VISIT program) ❖ Dilute nitrides for lasers and SWIR detectors ❖ Mixed nitride-antimonide-based detectors ❖ High power InP-based quantum cascade lasers A list of technical publications is available within the research pages of the IQE website at www.iqep.com. Industry events IQE actively participates in major industry events and frequently chairs, hosts and presents technical papers at international conferences. 26 Many governments worldwide are recognising the importance of Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) in driving economic growth. Indeed, the European Government’s economic growth strategy (“Horizon 2020”) has identified six such KETs which it believes will drive the economic growth of Europe over the remainder of this decade. Under Horizon 2020, European funding will be channelled towards supporting the commercialization of KETs, including pilot line production. IQE’s products are well aligned with these KETs. During 2013, Dr Drew Nelson was appointed to the High Level Group, which is advising the European Commission on the implementation of this strategy. With over 25 years’ of experience, IQE is widely recognised by government departments and agencies as world experts in advanced materials. Consequently, IQE has developed strong relationships with government agencies across the US, Europe and Asia, and is actively involved in several high profile government funded programmes. By way of example, IQE was selected as a key partner is the Clean Energy Manufacturing Innovation Institute announced by President Obama in January 2014. Innovation Open Innovation IQE is classified by the Welsh Government as an “Anchor Company” in acknowledgement of its status as an exemplar in terms of its global leadership. As an Anchor Company, IQE was invited by the Welsh Government to run an Open Innovation pilot programme which has been highly successful in establishing new technology networks to identify long-term opportunities. IQE’s open innovation programme, ‘OpenIQE’ is actively helping to boost regional economies by collaborating with industrial and academic partners to identify supply chain opportunities within Wales and across Europe. Further details about IQE’s open innovation programme can be found on a dedicated website: www.openiqe.com. CoInnovate As part of IQE’s open innovation programme, a key “CoInnovate” conference is planned in the UK for mid 2015 and is sponsored by a number of major industry and academic players. The CoInnovate conference website is at: www.coinnovate.co.uk. OUR COMMITMENT Corporate social responsibility The IQE Group actively promotes a philosophy of corporate social responsibility across all of its operations and engages in a number of local, national and international initiatives working with a wide range of third party organisations and authorities in areas such as ethical employment policies, educational and community work. Every effort will be made by all Group companies to ensure best business practice is deployed by: ❖ Respecting the need for confidentiality across our global customer base by ensuring that any references to customers' names, products or services are not disclosed to third parties without the customer's consent; ❖ Being open and honest about our products and services and communicating with customers all appropriate information they need to make informed decisions; ❖ Ensuring that any issues or problems are dealt with efficiently, with fairness and in a timely manner; ❖ Working closely with customers and potential customers to help us improve the value of the products and services we offer them; ❖ Ensuring that we benchmark and evaluate what we do in order to constantly improve products and services in the marketplace; ❖ Communicating with all stakeholders as and when appropriate, effectively and transparently subject to ensuring confidential information is not compromised; ❖ Identifying and selecting suppliers using fair and reasonable methodologies; ❖ Identifying and using suppliers who operate to ethical business standards; ❖ Identifying and using local suppliers wherever possible; ❖ Working closely with suppliers to help us improve the value of the products and services we offer customers to the benefit of the supply chain; ❖ Ensuring that our terms and conditions are fair and reasonable; ❖ Ensuring employment practices throughout the Group are fair and in full compliance with employment legislation; ❖ Working with and supporting local and national charities; ❖ Encouraging volunteer work in community activities; ❖ Supporting local academic establishments; and ❖ Participating in voluntary business advisory services via professional bodies. IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Each of the Group's subsidiaries is responsible for communicating and applying Group policies within their businesses taking account of local legislation and potential risks. The Group also actively engages with a number of industry Groups, educational bodies and charities to promote science and technology and to help contribute to community causes. As an AIM listed company, IQE is not eligible to participate in the London Stock Exchange FTSE4 Good programme, but nevertheless maintains standards and applies the principles of this index. The Group also actively engages with a number of industry Groups, educational bodies and charities to promote science and technology and to help contribute to community causes. Business conduct and ethics Our Code of Conduct requires our employees to carry on their business activities in a respectful manner and to avoid bringing IQE’s reputation into disrepute. This includes complying with the laws and regulations in the countries in which we operate and do business. Our Code of Conduct also requires staff to uphold high standards of ethics throughout the Group. Our policy and controls are designed to prevent bribery, and contain whistle blowing provisions which enable any employee to raise concerns about a potential breach of policy or malpractice. 27 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Quality Raw materials RISKS AND RISK MANAGEMENT The primary raw materials used in IQE’s processes are not scarce and are in general sourced from multiple continents. In some cases, materials may have uses in multiple industries and as such, may be prone to temporary fluctuations in supply and demand where there are surges in usage. One such example is Indium which is in relatively abundant supply. Indium is used in small quantities in the manufacture of flat panel displays. A sudden surge in demand for flat panels had a short term impact on global indium pricing but such impacts are normally short-lived and their affect on IQE usually negligible. Natural disasters IQE operates multiple global manufacturing facilities which customers see as key mitigation against the impact of natural disasters. However, the impact of such disasters on other parts of the supply chain cannot be ruled out but such macro- economic factors would have a much wider impact on the global economy. IQE’s reputation for quality and excellence in products and service is second to none. A philosophy of total quality is integrated throughout the Group’s operations and each of the Group’s manufacturing facilities worldwide is independently accredited to the international standard for Quality Management: ISO9001. IQE's ongoing commitment to provide the highest quality of service ensures customer satisfaction covering the entire customer relationship experience, from order inception through to delivery and after-sales support. IQE's quality assurance program includes wafer evaluation using the most advanced measurement techniques applied specifically to its customers' structures, thereby ensuring consistent delivery of the highest-quality products. Rigorous data logging and documentation of all manufacturing processes and procedures maintain a system of full product traceability. IQE's thorough materials characterization processes ensure excellent repeatability and reproducibility. Customers strongly value the trust and confidence they have established with IQE as a "pure play" supplier with whom they share their most confidential and proprietary device design information. The IQE strategy is to consolidate and maintain its position as the pre-eminent supplier of epiwafers rather than vertically integrate into device or component manufacturing. This philosophy protects customer interests to the fullest and facilitates excellent supply chain relationships. Employing its extensive wafer production experience, IQE continually maintains its technological leadership through the development and implementation of new growth and characterization technologies and new materials solutions. IQE is actively involved in partnerships with its suppliers of crystal growth and characterization equipment to develop the next generations of epitaxy and metrology equipment with specific focus on increasing production efficiencies, reducing epiwafer costs, and maintaining its technological leadership. The environment IQE is fully committed to creating business growth whilst ensuring that the impact on the environment is minimised and that all activities are conducted safely by appropriately trained and qualified employees. The Group works closely with all key stakeholders to ensure that its global facilities, and those activities over which it has influence through its supply chain, operate in a way that is ethical and in accordance with best practice. Policies relating to quality and environmental standards are available on the company’s website at www.iqep.com along with access to third party accreditation certificates. 28 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Supply chain risk mitigation Upstream supply chain The Company nurtures close working relationships with its supply chain and works closely with vendors to resolve potential supply issues as well as to develop new products. Wherever practicable, the Group qualifies and utilizes multiple sources for its key raw materials and continuously monitors its supply chains. Downstream supply chain Approximately 80% of the Group’s sales are concentrated in the wireless communications market, where we supply advanced semiconductor materials to the companies (RF chip companies) that make the wireless communication chips used in smartphone, tablets, and other wireless devices. The top dozen RF chip companies account for the vast majority of all advanced communication chips made globally. IQE’s strategy is to embed itself as a significant supplier of advanced semiconductor materials with all of the major RF chip companies in order to reduce the potential impact of swings in market share between these companies. This risk mitigation strategy for wireless products was significantly enhanced following the acquisitions in 2012 and 2013, which brought significant supply relationships with two of the worlds largest RF chip companies. Following these acquisitions, it is estimated that IQE has in excess of 50% market share globally. Process improvements IQE’s strategy is to focus on high-growth technology markets that are characterized by their greater demand for higher performance materials such as those supplied by IQE. Constant improvement and innovation throughout the supply chain can reduce the area of advanced semiconductor required, for example by shrinking chip size or improving production yields. Whilst such improvements can be a drag on demand, the resulting cost reduction can greatly assist even faster adoption of wireless technology in new devices and applications thereby stimulating overall growth. Alternative technologies There are many examples in history where innovation has led to new technologies that disrupt demand for well established, incumbent technologies. The Board believes that this represents much more of an opportunity than a threat for IQE’s business, where compound semiconductors are seen as the disruptive technology. Indeed, as expectations and demand for higher performance and greater efficiencies continue to increase, this creates new market opportunities for compound semiconductors. There has been much commentary in the UK about the threat that silicon will replace compound semiconductor technology in mobile communication. The Board believes that this is contrary to both the underlying technology trends, and the fundamental properties of these respective materials. Indeed, it is widely expected that the next disruptive technology in the semiconductor industry will be the combination of compound semiconductor and silicon technologies, which will enable true ‘System on Chip’ integration. IQE concurs with this view and is positioning itself to play a significant role in this transformation. As a world leader in advanced semiconductor materials, IQE is actively engaged on a number of collaborative activities in areas of research and development including materials such as graphene. Strategic Report A report of the Group’s performance during the year and future developments is given in the Chairman’s Statement and Chief Executive’s Review on pages 5 to 7. Principal risks and uncertainties attributable to the Group are given in Directors’ report on page 33 to 34. Analysis of development and performance of the business and its financial position is given in the financial review on pages 24 to 25 The directors use a number of key performance indicators to manage the business, disclosed in the financial review on page 25. Non financial KPIs are not disclosed. These areas form the required elements of the strategic report presented on pages 13 to 29 and has been approved by the Board of Directors and signed on its behalf by: Dr Andrew Nelson Chief Executive Officer 24 March 2015 29 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Directors’ biographies Drew Nelson OBE (60) Phillip Rasmussen (44) Howard Williams (60) Group Finance Director and Company Secretary Phillip Rasmussen qualified as a Chartered Accountant with Coopers and Lybrand, a predecessor firm of PwC. During his career with PwC he spent two years in Toronto, Canada and gained significant experience of working with and advising a broad range of companies in a variety of sectors, including multinational main market and AIM listed companies.  Before joining IQE, Mr Rasmussen was Director of Transaction Services with PwC in Bristol and worked with IQE on two major acquisitions during 2006.  He was appointed to the Board of IQE Plc in March 2007 and appointed as Company Secretary in January 2009. Operations Director Dr Howard Williams has held a number of positions within both Manufacturing and Service industry sectors, with roles ranging from Engineering Management to General Management. He was a member of the founding team of EPI in 1988 and was appointed Operations Director for EPI in 1996.  He was appointed General Manager of IQE Inc in 2002 and General Manager of IQE (Europe) Limited in 2003.  He was subsequently appointed Chief Operations Officer in 2004 and was appointed to the Board of IQE Plc as Operations Director in December 2004. President and Chief Executive Officer Dr Drew Nelson has over 30 years experience in the semiconductor industry in a variety of research and managerial positions. Following a PhD in Semiconductor Physics, he joined BT Research Laboratories in 1981, leading the Group responsible for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices for optical fibre communications. He subsequently managed the technology transfer from BT to Agilent for mass production. He co- founded EPI in 1988 (which became IQE in 1999) and was appointed Chief Executive Officer of IQE Plc in April 1999. Dr Nelson has held several Non- Executive Directorship appointments, and served on several Government and Industry bodies. He received an OBE in 2001 for services to the Electronics Industry. He is currently a member of the High Level Group appointed by the EC to oversee the implementation of Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) throughout Europe. Current directorships: PhotonStar LED Group plc. 30 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 David Grant CBE (67) Simon J Gibson OBE (57) Godfrey Ainsworth (59) Senior Independent Director Non-Executive Director, Chairman of the Remuneration Committee Chairman, Non-Executive Director, Chairman of the Audit Committee Dr David Grant has a background in engineering and technology and was appointed to the Board of IQE Plc in September 2012. He was Vice- Chancellor of Cardiff University from 2001 to 2012. Previously he held leadership positions in a number of international businesses including United Technologies Corp., Dowty Group plc and GEC plc. He has been a Vice-President of the IET, and was a Vice-President of the Royal Academy of Engineering from 2007 to 2012. He was awarded the IEE's Mensforth Gold Medal in 1996 and in 1997 he was made a CBE for his contribution to the UK's Foresight Programme. He has a PhD in Engineering Science from the University of Durham. Current directorships: Renishaw plc, DSTl, STEMNET, INNOVATE UK, NPL. Professor Simon Gibson is Chief Executive of Wesley Clover Corporation. Wesley Clover is an investment vehicle and holding company. He has broad management experience in high-technology industries in both North America and Europe. Before joining Wesley Clover, he was co-founder, President and CEO of Ubiquity Software Corporation.  Ubiquity was acquired by Avaya Inc in 2007. Prior to Ubiquity he held senior management roles at Newbridge Networks and Mitel. He is the Chairman and founder of the Alacrity Foundation, a graduate entrepreneurship program which operates in the UK and Canada. The Foundation provides young people with post graduate education, opportunity alignment and access to capital; with the objective of creating new companies. He was appointed to the Board of IQE in January 2002. Current Directorships: Wesley Clover Wales Limited, Celtic Manor Resort Limited, Alacrity Foundation. Dr Godfrey Ainsworth qualified as a Chartered Accountant and was employed by Coopers & Lybrand before becoming an audit partner and then corporate finance partner with Spicer & Oppenheim.  He founded Gambit Corporate Finance in 1992, a practice specialising in the provision of corporate finance services where he was Managing Partner until his retirement from the firm on 30 November 2009.  He has held several Non-Executive Directorship appointments, including assignments for 3i plc and the Welsh Development Agency.  He has provided advice to IQE (formerly EPI) since its inception and was appointed to the Board in 1997.  He was appointed to the Board of IQE Plc in April 1999, and was appointed chairman in February 2002. Current directorships: Omniport Holdings Limited, Seren Photonics Limited, Cardiff Partnership Fund, McMillan Williams Solicitors Limited. 31 Directors The directors in office at 31 December 2014 and throughout the year and their beneficial interests in the company’s issued ordinary share capital and share options are set out in the remuneration report on page 36. Substantial interests in shares As at 27 February 2015 , the company had been notified pursuant to the Companies Act of the following substantial interests in the shares of the company as defined by the Listing Rules in addition to those disclosed for the directors: T Rowe Price International AXA Investment Mgrs Barclays Wealth Hargreaves Lansdown Asset Mgt Mr Richard I Griffiths Herald Investment Mgt Sanlam Four Investments UK TD Direct Investing M&G Investment Mgt shareholder analysis by Equinity
 10.77% 8.85% 5.60% 5.47% 5.43% 5.26% 4.93% 4.11% 3.66% Research and development The Group incurred costs in respect of research and development during the year of £5,655,000 (2013: £5,271,000) of which £4,957,000 (2013: £4,346,000) has been capitalised in accordance with IAS 38 (“Intangible assets”). The remaining research and development costs totalling £698,000 (2013: £925,000) have been charged to the income statement. Payment terms The Group seeks to agree favourable credit terms with its suppliers where possible, and adhere to the agreed terms. The Group’s average number of days’ purchases outstanding in respect of trade creditors at 31 December 2014 was 74 days (2013: 88 days). IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Directors’ report The directors present their annual report and the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2014. Activities The principal activity of the Group during the year was the development, manufacture and sale of advanced semiconductor materials. The principal activity of the company is that of a holding company for the Group, the provision of services to subsidiary companies, and the research, development and provision of engineering consultancy services to the compound semiconductor industry. Business review A review of the Group’s trading during the year and its position at the year end is provided on pages 15 to 23. The review includes key performance indicators as detailed in the Five Year Financial Summary. The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group are set out on page 28. The future outlook for the Group is set out on page 23. As part of the rationalisation and re-organisation programme further details of which are provided in note 4 and the post balance sheet events note 27 the Group has entered into a joint venture agreement with WIN Semiconductors Corp and Nangyang Technological University to create the Compound Semiconductor Development Centre (“CSDC”) in Singapore. The CSDC is a centre of excellence for compound semiconductor technology, with the aim of accelerating the development and commercialisation of new advanced semiconductor products. IQE has a 50% equity stake in the new venture, and as part of its contribution to the establishment of the CSDC IQE is providing facilities, equipment and IP on favourable terms. Further details are set out in note 4. This project forms part of IQE's global reorganisation plan, which in total is on track to deliver annual recurring synergies in excess of £7m per annum. As part of its contribution to this joint venture, IQE will be providing facilities, equipment and IP on favourable terms to the CSDC. Dividends The directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend (2013: £nil). 32 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Employment policies Technological change It is the Group’s policy that there should be no discrimination in considering applications for employment including those from disabled persons. All employees, including the disabled, are given equal opportunities in terms of career development and promotion. Appropriate training is arranged for disabled persons, including retraining for alternative work of employees who become disabled, to promote their career development within the organisation. Any technology based company faces a threat from technology change that has not been anticipated. IQE actively engages with customers, educational institutions and government agencies on a range of research and development (“R&D”) programmes. The company’s involvement in R&D activities coupled with its broad range of products and process technologies helps ensure a forward looking approach that positions IQE as a driver of technological change. The Group remains committed to its policy of keeping employees fully informed about all matters which concern them. Formal communications are used to achieve this objective, including intranet, e-mail and notice board announcements. Employee involvement takes different forms in each subsidiary, ranging from formal committee meetings to less formal discussion Groups. Schemes have been implemented to ensure that employees are properly rewarded for performance and loyalty. Going concern The directors, after making enquiries, and considering financial forecast to enable them to assess the future prospects of the Group and have a reasonable expectation that it will have adequate resources to continue operating for the foreseeable future and therefore the going concern basis has been adopted in preparing these financial statements. Principal risks and uncertainties The Board considers that the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group are: Competition IQE’s business model involves building close working relationships with its customers and often involves forming multilevel partnerships from the product design stages through to pilot and volume production. Such arrangements can lead to long qualification timescales but once a product range and relationship is established, it can also create significant barriers to entry for competitors. In some cases, customers seek second source supply arrangements to meet their own business continuity planning policies. As such, there is a risk that market share may be eroded. The Board believes that IQE’s strategy to provide multiple site capabilities for all leading product lines provides an effective mitigation against this risk. Supply chain Changes in the supply chain such as scarcity of key raw materials could impact the business. IQE builds close relationships with its key suppliers in order to keep well informed about potential supply issues. The raw materials which sustain IQE’s products are not scarce resources. Retention of key employees The Board recognises that the retention and development of its workforce is critical to its long term success as a leading technology Group. IQE’s people are the heart of the business and in order to promote the development and retention of its staff IQE offers career progression, personal development and a range of benefits and incentives to its staff. This is reflected in low staff turnover, with many employees who have been with the company since it was formed over twenty years ago. In addition, IQE operates a highly effective, robust, and fully documented quality management system across all of its operations. These systems ensure that all key data and procedures are fully documented, reflecting IQE’s “learning organisation” philosophy. These rigorous systems provide IQE and its customers with a high level of confidence in terms of process reproducibility and product traceability, and minimise the potential impact of losing key personnel. Treasury IQE operates a central treasury function which acts in accordance with specific board policies. Speculative transactions are not permitted. The significant treasury policies relate to interest rates, foreign currency and liquidity, details are provided below. 33 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Interest rate risk (b) Fair value risk The Board is aware of the risks associated with changes in interest rates and does not speculate on future changes in interest rates or currencies. The Group’s policy is to regularly review its exposure to interest rate risk, and in particular the mix between fixed and floating rate facilities. The percentage of borrowings on fixed rate terms at 31 December 2014 was 8% (2013: 10%). Floating rate liabilities are primarily indexed to LIBOR. The Group did not enter into any interest rate swap instruments during 2014. This remains under regular review. As a guide to the sensitivity of the Group’s results to movements in interest rates, a 50 basis point (0.5%) movement in interest rates would have impacted the 2014 annual interest charge by approximately £170,000 (2013: £180,000). Further details are provided in note 19. Currency risk (a) Cash flow risk The Group’s presentational currency is sterling. However, the majority of sales are denominated in US dollars. Therefore, the Group’s cash flows are affected by fluctuations in the rate of exchange between sterling and the US dollar. This exposure is managed by a natural currency hedge because a significant portion of the Group’s cost base is also denominated in US dollars. In particular, the majority of the Group’s raw materials are purchased in US dollars, and a significant portion of labour and overheads are also denominated in US dollars as five of the Group’s principal subsidiaries are situated in North America. To a lesser extent, the Group also generates sales in other currencies including Yen and Euros which are partially hedged where possible by purchases of some raw materials in these currencies. Taking into account the extent of the natural hedge within the business model, management periodically use forward exchange contracts to mitigate the impact of the residual foreign currency exposure. As at 31 December 2014 there were no contracts in place. The Group has operations in the UK, North America and Asia. Translation exposures that arise on converting the results of overseas subsidiaries are not hedged. Net assets held in foreign currencies are hedged wherever practical by matching borrowings in the same currency. As a guide to the sensitivity of the Group’s results to movements in foreign currency exchange rates, a one cent movement in the US dollar to sterling rate would impact annual earnings by approximately £200,000 (2013: £300,000). Further details are provided in note 19. Liquidity risk Prudent liquidity risk management requires maintaining sufficient cash and cash equivalents and the availability of funding through committed credit facilities. Management utilises detailed rolling cash flow forecasts as part of its cash management. This includes weekly forecasts for the next quarter and monthly forecasts for the next 12 months. Further details are provided in note 19. Credit risk The majority of the Group’s revenues are derived from large multinational organisations. Therefore the credit risk is considered to be small. Where the Group assesses a potential credit risk, this is dealt with either by up-front payment prior to the shipment of goods or by other credit risk mitigation measures. As a result the Group has historically had and continues to have a very low level of payment default. Further details are provided in note 19. Capital risk The Group’s main objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. The Group defines total capital as equity in the consolidated balance sheet plus net debt or less net funds (note 24). Total capital at 31 December 2014 was £152,426,000 (2013: £146,602,000). Consistent with others in the industry, the Group monitors capital on the basis of the gearing ratio. This ratio is calculated as net debt divided by total capital. At 31 December 2014 the gearing ratio was 21% (2013: 23%). All covenants in relation to the Group’s borrowing facilities have been complied with during the year. 34 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Statement of directors’ responsibilities Provision of information to auditors So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company’s auditors are unaware. The directors have taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s auditors are aware of that information. Independent Auditors A resolution to reappoint PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP will be proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. Approved by the Board of Directors and signed on its behalf by: Phillip Rasmussen Finance Director & Company Secretary 24 March 2015 The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have prepared the Group and parent company financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and the company and of the profit or loss of the Group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to: ❖ select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; ❖ make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; ❖ state whether applicable IFRSs as adopted by the European Union have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; ❖ prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business. The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and the Group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements and the Directors’ Remuneration Report comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the Group’s website, www.iqep.com. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 35 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Remuneration report This report has been prepared applying the principles of the disclosures required for quoted companies under the Companies Act 2006 which were last amended in 2013 to introduce enhanced statutory requirements for the disclosure of directors’ remuneration. Although not required to, the directors have decided to provide some of the directors’ remuneration disclosures similar to those that would be required of a fully listed company. In particular, the Remuneration Report describes how the Board has applied the principles of good governance relating to directors’ remuneration adopting the spirit of the UK Corporate Governance guidance. A resolution to approve the report will be proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting of the company. executive directors and senior executives, as determined by the committee, are intended to attract and retain high quality executives, induce loyalty and motivate them to achieve a high level of corporate performance in line with the best interests of shareholders, while not being excessive. The remuneration of the executive directors consists of annual salary, performance bonus, share options, taxable benefits in kind and pension contributions. There is an annual review at which the committee approves the basic salary and profit sharing bonus scheme for each executive director. The committee receives input from the Chief Executive regarding recommended packages for executive directors and senior executives. The report has been divided into separate sections for unaudited and audited information. (c) Basic salary (a) Remuneration Committee The Board considers itself ultimately responsible for the framework and cost of executive remuneration, but has delegated responsibility for determining the remuneration levels and conditions of service for executive directors and senior executives to the remuneration committee. The committee’s approach is fully consistent with the company’s overall philosophy that all employees should be competitively rewarded in order to attract and retain their valued skills in the business, as well as supporting corporate strategy by directly aligning executive management with the company’s strategic business goals. The remuneration committee is comprised exclusively of independent non-executive directors of the company who have no personal financial interest, other than as shareholders, in the matters to be decided. The members of the committee throughout the year were Dr G H H Ainsworth and S J Gibson. The Chairman of the committee is S J Gibson. The committee follows the principles of the UK Corporate Governance guidance, and is responsible for determining the company’s policy on compensation of executive directors and the basis of their service agreements with due regard to the interests of shareholders. It also approves the allocation of share options to employees. The committee operates under clear written terms of reference and has access to and takes independent professional advice as appropriate. The committee met twice during 2014 to review the performance of the executive directors and other senior executives, and set the scale and structure of their remuneration. (b) Remuneration policy In establishing its remuneration policy, the committee has given consideration to Schedule B of the Best Practices Provisions annexed to the Listing Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority. The remuneration packages for 36 Basic salary is determined by reference to individual responsibilities, performance and external market data. (d) Performance bonus Bonus payments are linked to the executive directors achieving internal annual plan targets in respect of profitability and other non-financial performance criteria. (e) Taxable benefits in kind The company reimbursed all fuel and maintenance costs in respect of the executive directors’ private cars, and these costs are treated as taxable benefits in kind. Other taxable benefits comprise medical health and life insurance. (f) Share incentive schemes The company operates a number of share incentive schemes. The IQE Plc Share Option Scheme, as adopted on 26 May 2000 and amended by shareholders at the company’s Annual General Meeting on 17 May 2002, allows the company to grant options over up to 15% of the issued share capital and those options are subject to performance conditions. During the year, the committee approved the grant of 7,095,762 share options to staff (2013: 13,513,274 share options). During 2014, Directors were awarded no nil cost options over ordinary shares in the company (2013: 6,050,881). As at 31 December 2014, 50,536,520 share options (2013: 56,152,601 share options) granted under the IQE Plc Share Option Scheme remain outstanding with exercise prices ranging from nil cost to 86p/option (2013: nil cost to 86p/ option). 8,541,823 share options were exercised by directors during the year (2013: nil). None of the directors’ share options lapsed during the year (2013: nil). The numbers and prices of share options at 31 December 2014 and 31 December 2013 were as follows: IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Option price Share options of nil cost to 10p/option Share options in excess of 10p/option to 20p/option Share options in excess of 20p/option to 30p/option Share options in excess of 30p/option Total 2014 No. of options 2013 No. of options 16,364,700 28,272,562 4,335,000 1,564,258 50,536,520 25,781,307 24,901,338 4,120,000 1,349,956 56,152,601 Dr G H H Ainsworth service fees of £125,000 (2013 £70,000). These fees were paid via a combination of cash and shares to Horton Corporate Finance. Dr G H H Ainsworth is a managing partner of Horton Corporate Finance. VAT was charged on the invoices from Horton Corporate Finance and this was recovered by the company. The cash element was £95,000 (2013 £70,000). The shares issued were to a value of £30,000 in the form of 105,340 new ordinary shares of 1p issued during 2014 and 46,816 new ordinary shares issued in January 2015. S J Gibson service fees of £46,250 (2013 35,000) were paid in cash. Of these fees £8,000 (2013 £6,000) was paid to S J Gibson and £38,250 (2013: £29,000), was paid to Fishstone Limited. S J Gibson is a shareholder in Fishstone Limited. VAT was charged on the invoices from Fishstone Limited and this was recovered by the company. Dr D Grant service fees of £46,250 (2013: £35,000) were paid in cash. The non-executive directors receive no other pay or benefits, do not participate in the company’s share schemes, and are not eligible for pension scheme membership. Neither had any share options in the company at 31 December 2014 and it is not intended that share options will be issued to them in the future in accordance with Best Practice Guidelines issued by the Association of British Insurers. (g) Pension arrangements The executive directors are members of the Group defined contribution pension schemes and their pension contributions are based on a percentage of basic annual salary. Their dependants are eligible for the payment of a lump sum in the event of death in service. There have been no changes in the terms of directors’ pension entitlements during 2014, and there were no unfunded pension promises or similar arrangements for directors at 31 December 2014. (h) Executive Directors’ service contracts It is the company’s policy to appoint executive directors under service agreements which are terminable by either party giving between six and twelve months’ notice. Each of the agreements contain post- termination restrictive covenants, which place limitations on solicitation of customers and employees of the Group and on acting in competition with the business of the Group. There are no predetermined provisions for compensation on termination within executive directors’ service agreements. However, the company is against rewards for failure and believes that severance arrangements should be restricted to basic pay and consequential payments such as earned bonus. In circumstances where there is no conflict of interest, the company allows executive directors to serve as non- executive directors elsewhere. In such circumstances the remuneration received is retained by the director. (i) Non-Executive Directors’ contracts The non-executive directors have entered into service agreements with the company, and these are terminable by either party on three months’ notice. Non-executive directors have specific terms of engagement, and their fees are determined by the Board within the limits set by the company’s Articles of Association. Non-executive directors do not take part in discussions on their own remuneration. 37 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 (j) Share price performance The IQE plc share price has been compared with the AIM market all-share index for the five year period 2010 to 2014 as this was considered to be the most representative market Group. $ E Q I 70" 60" 50" 40" 30" 20" 10" 0" IQE$vs$AIM$Share$Price$Performance$ 1"Jan"2010"to"31"Dec"2014" IQE" AIM" 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2800" 2400" 2000" 1600" 1200" 800" 400" 0" I A M $ (k) Directors’ interests in ordinary shares of IQE Plc The interests in ordinary shares of IQE Plc of those directors holding office at 31 December 2014 were as follows: Name of director Executive: Dr A W Nelson Dr H R Williams P J Rasmussen Non-Executive: Dr G H H Ainsworth S J Gibson Dr D Grant Total As at 1 January 2014 As at 31 December 2014 29,325,132 1,672,430 852,822 3,121,999 301,855 215,000 35,489,238 35,259,218 4,292,965 3,473,357 3,227,339 301,855 215,000 46,769,734 During the year, the Executive Directors purchased a total of 3.3 million shares. Dr Drew Nelson also entered into a share sale and repurchase agreement with Equities First Holdings (EFH) on 10th October 2014 for a total of 18 million existing shares.  He is obligated to repurchase all these shares at the end of a three year term, ending on 10th October 2017. The agreement provides that he has transferred all title and waives his voting rights in these shares. Under the terms of the agreement, EFH is prohibited from short selling or voting the shares during the term of the agreement. Furthermore, EFH will pay Dr Nelson income that reflects any dividends as they arise from all of these shares during the entire period as if Dr Nelson had continued owning all the shares himself. As part of this overall arrangement, Phillip Rasmussen and Dr Howard Williams have agreed to enter into separate loan agreements with Dr Nelson by pledging 2.72 million  shares each to Dr Drew Nelson as security for loans provided by him of £274,000 to each of them. The monies raised by the Executive Directors have been used in part to fund the purchase of the shares and to satisfy income tax and NI obligations following the exercise of share options announced on 10th October 2014. Under HMRC rules, income tax and National Insurance becomes payable directly upon the exercise of options. Consequently, Directors often need to immediately sell at least half of the exercised shares to cover this tax and NI liability.  In the case of the IQE Directors, they have elected to raise the tax and NI monies through these arrangements in order to retain all of the exercised share options, thereby increasing their respective holdings in the company, in addition to purchasing additional shares. The share option exercises were part of IQE's LTIP, and the Directors were under no time obligation to exercise such share options, but chose to do so at this time in order to maximise their respective shareholdings in the Company. The table above includes the shares which are the subject of the repurchase obligation by Dr Nelson. 38 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Post year end Dr G H H Ainsworth received 46,816 shares in settlement of Non-executive directors fees relating to the period from 1 October to 31 December 2014. Following this issue of New Ordinary Shares, Dr Ainsworth's total beneficial interest in the Company is 3,274,155 shares. There have been no other changes to the director’s interests between the year end and the date the accounts were issued. (a) Aggregate directors’ remuneration Basic salaries Bonuses Non-executive fees Subtotal salaries and fees Car allowance Benefits in kind Money purchase pension contributions Total The total amounts paid for directors’ remuneration during 2014 were as follows: Name of director Salary fees and bonuses Car allowance Benefits in kind Pensions £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 366 246 246 47 30 30 8 1 12 - 28 28 Executive: Dr A W Nelson Dr H R Williams P J Rasmussen Non-Executive: Dr G H H Ainsworth S J Gibson Dr D Grant Total 2014 £’000 858 - 217 1,075 107 21 56 1,259 2013 £’000 801 415 140 1,356 100 20 83 1,559 2014 Total £’000 2013 Total £’000 421 305 316 125 46 46 1,259 497 410 512 70 35 35 1,559 (b) Directors’ emoluments The aggregate emoluments paid to each director during 2014 were as follows: Notes: In aggregate, the executive directors made a gain of £1,058,584 (2013: nil) on the exercise of share options during the year. The majority of these shares were retained by the executive directors. Those sold were sold in order to satisfy the option price and tax arising on the exercise. The shares retained are included in the closing totals shown on page 38. Dr Nelson made a gain of £581,594 (2013: £nil) as part of these exercises. 39 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 (c) Directors’ interests in share options of IQE Plc The interests in share options in IQE Plc of those directors who held office at 31 December 2014 were as follows: Options granted Options exercised Options Cancelled As at 31 December 2014 Date(s) from which exercisable Name of director Executive: Dr A W Nelson Dr H R Williams P J Rasmussen As at 1 January 2014 7,946,186 5,140,250 4,261,787 Non-Executive: Dr G H H Ainsworth S J Gibson Dr D Grant Total - - - 17,348,223 - - - - - - - (4,800,753) (1,870,535) (1,870,535) - - - (8,541,823) - - - - - - - Name of director As at 1 January 2013 Options granted Options exercised Options Cancelled Executive: Dr A W Nelson Dr H R Williams P J Rasmussen 4,932,574 3,342,001 2,928,227 3,013,612 1,798,249 1,333,560 Non-Executive: Dr G H H Ainsworth S J Gibson Dr D Grant Total - - - 11,202,802 - - - 6,145,421 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,145,433 3,269,715 2,391,252 1 Jan 2014 to 1 Jan 2017 1 Jan 2014 to 1 Jan 2017 1 Jan 2014 to 1 Jan 2017 - - - 8,806,400 As at 31 December 2013 Date(s) from which exercisable 7,946,186 5,140,250 4,261,787 1 Jan 2013 to 1 Jan 2016 1 Jan 2013 to 1 Jan 2016 1 Jan 2013 to 1 Jan 2016 - - - 17,348,223 The directors do not hold shares or share options in any Group company other than IQE plc. The highest and lowest mid-market share prices in respect of the shares of IQE Plc during 2014 were 27.50p/share and 12.50p/share respectively (2013: 36.50p /share and 18.00p/share respectively). The mid-market price of IQE plc shares closed at 17.75p/share as at 31 December 2014 (2013: 23.50p/share). Approval This report was approved by the Board of Directors on 24 March 2015 and signed on its behalf by: S J Gibson, OBE Remuneration Committee Chairman 40 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Corporate governance report Although not required to, the directors have decided to provide corporate governance disclosures similar to those that would be required of a fully listed company. The Board recognises that it is accountable to the Group’s shareholders for the standard of governance and therefore seeks to maintain high standards in its management of the affairs of the Group, seeing it as a fundamental part of discharging its stewardship responsibilities. Accordingly, both the Board and the audit committee continue to keep under review the Group’s whole system of internal control, which comprises not only financial controls but also operational controls, compliance and risk management. Throughout the year ended 31 December 2014, the company has continued to apply the principles of best practice governance adopting the spirit of the UK Corporate Governance guidance. The Board of Directors The management of the Group is directed by the Board of directors, which is responsible for ensuring the development and implementation of the Group’s overall strategy. The Board of directors comprises the non- executive Chairman Dr G H H Ainsworth, the Chief Executive Dr A W Nelson, two executive directors and two non-executive directors. There is a clear division of responsibility between the non-executive Chairman, who is responsible for the running of the Board, and the Chief Executive, who is responsible for the running of the Group in accordance with the authority delegated by the Board. This ensures that there is a balance of power and authority such that no one individual has unfettered powers of decision. The fees of the non-executive directors are paid in cash and or shares. The Board considers that the non- executive directors are independent of management and free from any business or other relationship which could materially interfere with the exercise of their independent judgement. The terms and conditions of appointment of the non-executive directors are available for inspection upon request to the Company Secretary. Dr David Grant is recognised as the senior independent non-executive director to whom concerns by staff of any suspected impropriety can be conveyed in private and investigated as required by the Code of Best Practice. Under the Company’s Articles of Association each of the directors is required ordinarily to retire by rotation once every three years. The Board held regular meetings during the year. The Board has a formal schedule of matters referred to it for decision, which includes the approval of interim and annual results, the annual budget, acquisitions and disposals, major items of capital expenditure, share capital issues, governance issues and executive appointments. The Board is provided with appropriate strategic and financial information prior to each meeting together with monthly reports to enable it to monitor the performance of the Group. The Chief Executive reviews the performance of the executive directors on an annual basis. All directors have direct access to the advice and services of the Company Secretary who is responsible for ensuring that Board procedures are followed, and are allowed to take independent professional advice if necessary at the company’s expense. Board committees The Board has delegated specific responsibilities to the following committees: (a) Executive Committee The executive committee consists of the executive directors under the chairmanship of Dr A W Nelson and is responsible for the development of strategy, annual budgets and operating plans linked to the management and control of the day-to-day operations of the Group. The executive committee is also responsible for monitoring key research and development programmes and for ensuring that the Board policies are carried out on a Group-wide basis. (b) Audit Committee The audit committee consists of the non-executive directors, Dr G H H Ainsworth, S J Gibson and Dr D Grant. The committee meets at least twice a year under the chairmanship of Dr G H H Ainsworth. The audit committee has specific written terms of reference which deal with its authority and responsibilities and these are available for inspection upon request to the Company Secretary. Its duties include monitoring internal controls throughout the Group, approving the Group’s accounting policies, and reviewing the Group’s interim results and full year financial statements before submission to the full Board. The audit committee also reviews and approves the scope and content of the Group’s annual risk assessment programme and the annual audit, and monitors the independence of the external auditors. The Group has an Internal Audit function, with a scope of evaluating and testing the Group’s financial control procedures. The Internal Audit function reports directly to the chairman of the audit committee, and liaises with the external auditors as appropriate. The Finance Director, other financial management and the external auditors attend meetings of the audit committee by invitation. The committee also holds separate meetings with the external auditors, as appropriate. 41 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 (c) Remuneration and Nominations Committees The remuneration committee consists of two non- executive directors, S J Gibson and Dr G H H Ainsworth. The committee meets at least twice a year under the chairmanship of S J Gibson. The Chief Executive attends meetings of the remuneration committee by invitation to respond to questions raised by the committee, but he is excluded from any matter concerning the details of his own remuneration. The remuneration committee has specific terms of reference which deal with its authority and duties and these are available for inspection upon request to the Company Secretary. The remuneration committee is responsible for setting salaries, incentives and other benefit arrangements of executive directors and senior executives and overseeing the Group’s employee share schemes. The Group's policy on directors’ remuneration has been in line with the Code provisions throughout the year, full details of which are given in the remuneration report. Members of the remuneration committee do not participate in decisions concerning their own remuneration. The Board has not established a separate nominations committee and has delegated responsibility for nominations to the remuneration committee. There are currently no plans for further appointments to the Board. Attendance at meetings The number of meetings held during 2014 by the Board, the audit committee and the remuneration committee are as shown below. The number of meetings attended by the executive and non-executive directors is also shown below: Number of meetings held in 2014 Number of meetings attended in 2014: Executive Dr A W Nelson P J Rasmussen Dr H R Williams Non-executive Dr G H H Ainsworth S J Gibson Dr D Grant Board 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 Audit Committee 4 n/a 4 n/a 4 4 4 Remuneration Committee 2 2 n/a n/a 2 2 n/a 42 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 The key procedures that the directors have established with a view to providing effective internal control are as follows: ❖ a clearly defined organisational structure and limits of authority; ❖ corporate policies and procedures for financial reporting and control, project appraisal, human resources, quality control, health and safety, information security and corporate governance; ❖ the preparation of annual budgets and regular forecasts which require approval from both the Group executive committee and the Board; ❖ the monitoring of performance against budget and forecasts and the reporting of any variances in a timely manner to the Board; ❖ regular review and self-assessment of the risks to which the Group is exposed, taking steps to monitor and mitigate these wherever possible including, where appropriate, taking out insurance cover; and ❖ approval by the audit committee of audit plans and, on behalf of the Board, receipt of reports on the Group’s accounting and financial reporting practices and its internal controls together with reports from the external auditors as part of their normal audit work. ❖ an internal audit function, which is mandated to evaluate and test the Group’s financial control procedures, reporting directly to the chairman of the audit committee. Internal control The Board acknowledges its responsibility for the Group’s system of internal control, the effectiveness of which has been reviewed by the audit committee during the year and reported on to the Board. The review has taken account of any material developments up to the date of the signing of the financial statements. The processes to identify and manage key risks to the success of the Group are an integral part of the internal control environment. Such processes are on-going, are regularly reviewed and improved as necessary, and are in accordance with the internal control guidelines for directors. They include strategic planning, the appointment of senior executives, the monitoring on a regular basis of performance, control of capital expenditure and significant revenue investment, and the setting of high standards for health, safety and environmental performance. These processes have been in place throughout the financial year and up to the date of approval of the financial statements. The effectiveness of the control systems and procedures is monitored regularly through management self- assessment and review by internal audit. In addition, recognition is given to the external audit findings, which inform the audit committee’s views of areas of increased risk. The system of internal control comprises those controls established in order to provide assurance that the assets of the Group are safeguarded against unauthorised use or disposal and to ensure the maintenance of proper accounting records and the reliability of financial information used within the business or for publication. Any system of internal control can only provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or loss, as it is designed to manage rather than to eliminate the risk of failing to achieve the business objectives of the Group. 43 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Shareholder relations Audit and related services The Board is aware of the importance of maintaining the independence of the Group auditors, and does not contract for additional services from them which would compromise their audit independence. Additional services are also subject to appropriate market testing. The Audit Committee keeps under review the nature and extent of audit and non-audit services provided to the Group by the auditors in accordance with a policy which it established in 2004. Under this policy, the award to the Group’s auditors of audit-related services, tax consulting services or other non-audit related services in excess of £10,000 must first be approved by the Chairman of the Audit Committee. In addition, the Group’s auditors will be required to make a formal report to the Audit Committee annually on the safeguards that are in place to maintain their independence and the internal safeguards in place to ensure their objectivity. The nature of the services provided by the auditors and the amounts paid to them are as detailed below: The Chief Executive and the Finance Director meet on a regular basis with representatives of institutional shareholders to discuss their views and to ensure that the strategies and objectives of the Group are well understood. The Chief Executive keeps the Board fully informed of the views of institutional shareholders. Issues discussed with institutional shareholders include the Group’s performance and the impact of any major transactions. The Chairman has met with individual shareholders on an ad hoc basis. The company also has a manager responsible for investor relations and operates a web site, which provides details of the Group’s facilities and products and includes a separate investor relations section on which financial data and other significant announcements are published. The web site can be found at www.iqep.com. The Group’s annual report and financial statements, interim reports and other documentation is available online and by mail where requested. The Annual General Meeting allows shareholders to raise questions with the Board, although shareholder enquiries and questions are also addressed throughout the year. In accordance with the recommendation of the Hampel Code, the company will advise shareholders attending the Annual General Meeting of the number of proxy votes lodged for each resolution in the categories ‘For’ and ‘Against’, together with the numbers ‘at the Chairman’s discretion’ and abstentions. These will be advised after the resolutions have been dealt with on a show of hands. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (Group auditors) Fees payable to company’s auditor and its associates for the audit of parent company and consolidated financial statements Fees payable to company’s auditor and its associates for other services: - The audit of company’s subsidiaries - Audit-related assurance services - Tax compliance service Ernst and Young (auditors of MBE Technology Pte Limited) - Subsidiary company’s audit - Tax services Total Total 2014 £’000 Total 2013 £’000 19 94 15 - 16 3 147 18 93 15 - 17 - 143 44 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Independent auditors’ report Independent auditors’ report to the members of IQE plc Report on the financial statements Our opinion In our opinion: ❖ IQE plc’s Group financial statements and parent company financial statements (the “financial statements”) give a true and fair view of the state of the Group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 2014 and of the Group’s profit and the Group’s and the parent company’s cash flows for the year then ended; ❖ the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) as adopted by the European Union; ❖ the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and ❖ the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. What we have audited IQE plc’s financial statements comprise: ❖ the consolidated and parent company balance sheets as at 31 December 2014; ❖ the consolidated income statement and consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year then ended; ❖ the consolidated and parent company cash flow statements for the year then ended; ❖ the consolidated and parent company statements of changes in equity for the year then ended; and ❖ the notes to the financial statements, which include a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information. Certain required disclosures have been presented elsewhere in the Annual Report, rather than in the notes to the financial statements. These are cross-referenced from the financial statements and are identified as audited. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the financial statements is applicable law and IFRSs as adopted by the European Union and, as regards the parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006. In applying the financial reporting framework, the directors have made a number of subjective judgements, for example in respect of significant accounting estimates. In making such estimates, they have made assumptions and considered future events. Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 In our opinion, the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements. Other matters on which we are required to report by exception Adequacy of accounting records and information and explanations received Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if, in our opinion: ❖ we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit; or ❖ adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or ❖ the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns. We have no exceptions to report arising from this responsibility. Directors’ remuneration Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if, in our opinion, certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made. We have no exceptions to report arising from this responsibility. 45 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Responsibilities for the financial statements and the audit Our responsibilities and those of the directors As explained more fully in the Statement of directors’ responsibilities set out on page 35, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) (“ISAs (UK & Ireland)”). Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards for Auditors. This report, including the opinions, has been prepared for and only for the company’s members as a body in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006 and for no other purpose. We do not, in giving these opinions, accept or assume responsibility for any other purpose or to any other person to whom this report is shown or into whose hands it may come save where expressly agreed by our prior consent in writing. What an audit of financial statements involves We conducted our audit in accordance with ISAs (UK & Ireland). An audit involves obtaining evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements sufficient to give reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an assessment of: ❖ whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the Group’s and the parent company’s circumstances and have been consistently applied and adequately disclosed; ❖ the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by the directors; and ❖ the overall presentation of the financial statements. We primarily focus our work in these areas by assessing the directors’ judgements against available evidence, forming our own judgements, and evaluating the disclosures in the financial statements. We test and examine information, using sampling and other auditing techniques, to the extent we consider necessary to provide a reasonable basis for us to draw conclusions. We obtain audit evidence through testing the effectiveness of controls, substantive procedures or a combination of both. In addition, we read all the financial and non-financial information in the Annual Report to identify material inconsistencies with the audited financial statements and to identify any information that is apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with, the knowledge acquired by us in the course of performing the audit. If we become aware of any apparent material misstatements or inconsistencies we consider the implications for our report. Mark Ellis (Senior Statutory Auditor) for and on behalf of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors Cardiff 24 March 2015 (a) The maintenance and integrity of the IQE plc website is the responsibility of the directors; the work carried out by the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors accept no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the financial statements since they were initially presented on the website. (b) Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 46 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Financial statements Consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 December 2014 Revenue Cost of sales Gross profit Other income and expenses Selling, general and administrative expenses Operating profit Finance costs Adjusted profit before tax Adjustments Profit before tax Taxation Profit for the year Profit attributable to: Equity shareholders Non-controlling interest Basic earnings per share Diluted earnings per share Note 3 4 5 7 4 8 10 10 2014 £’000 112,011 (86,015) 25,996 (1,726) (17,103) 7,167 (1,924) 16,189 (10,946) 5,243 (3,247) 1,996 1,632 364 1,996 0.25p 0.24p 2013 £’000 126,774 (103,669) 23,105 (179) (15,580) 7,346 (2,154) 13,010 (7,818) 5,192 934 6,126 5,955 171 6,126 0.93p 0.89p Adjusted basic and diluted earnings per share is presented in note 10. The notes on pages 54 to 87 form part of these financial statements. Consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2014 Profit for the year Currency translation differences on foreign currency net investments* Total comprehensive income for the year *This may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss Total comprehensive income attributable to: Equity shareholders Non-controlling interest 2014 £’000 1,996 5,192 7,188 6,822 366 7,188 2013 £’000 6,126 (3,294) 2,832 2,779 53 2,832 47 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 ! Consolidated balance sheet as at 31 December 2014 Non-current assets: Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Deferred tax assets Total non-current assets Current assets: Inventories Trade and other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Total current assets Total assets Current liabilities: Borrowings Trade and other payables Provisions for other liabilities and charges Total current liabilities Non-current liabilities: Borrowings Other payables Provisions for other liabilities and charges Total non-current liabilities Total liabilities Net assets Equity attributable to the shareholders of the parent: Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Other reserves Non-controlling interest Total equity Note 11 12 8 14 15 17 16 18 17 16 18 20 2014 £’000 82,079 66,588 12,332 2013 £’000 75,859 71,840 16,040 160,999 163,739 18,276 24,463 5,584 48,323 17,702 22,907 3,258 43,867 209,322 207,606 (14,720) (30,396) (1,551) (46,667) (22,115) (15,431) (3,934) (41,480) (88,147) 121,175 6,603 49,108 50,336 13,009 119,056 2,119 121,175 (4,804) (31,114) - (35,918) (32,805) (26,632) - (59,437) (95,355) 112,251 6,475 48,958 48,704 6,361 110,498 1,753 112,251 The notes on pages 54 to 87 form part of these financial statements. These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 24 March 2015. Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors. P J Rasmussen Dr A W Nelson 48 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 2014 Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Exchange rate reserve Other reserves Non- controlling interests Total equity £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 Balance at 1 January 2014 6,475 48,958 48,704 (401) 6,762 1,753 112,251 Comprehensive income Profit for the year Foreign exchange Total comprehensive income Transactions with owners Share based payments Issues of ordinary shares Total transactions with owners - - - - - - - - 128 128 150 150 1,632 - 1,632 - 5,190 5,190 - - - - - - - - - 1,458 - 1,458 364 2 366 - - - 1,996 5,192 7,188 1,458 278 1,736 Balance at 31 December 2014 6,603 49,108 50,336 4,789 8,220 2,119 121,175 Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Exchange rate reserve Other reserves Non- controlling interests Total equity £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 Balance at 1 January 2013 5,882 33,445 42,749 2,775 5,347 - 90,198 Comprehensive income Profit for the year Foreign exchange Total comprehensive income Transactions with owners Acquisition of Kopin wireless Share based payments Issues of ordinary shares Total transactions with owners - - - - - - - - - - 593 593 15,513 15,513 5,955 - 5,955 - (3,176) (3,176) - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,415 - 171 (118) 53 1,700 - - 6,126 (3,294) 2,832 1,700 1,415 16,106 1,415 1,700 19,221 Balance at 31 December 2013 6,475 48,958 48,704 (401) 6,762 1,753 112,251 The notes on pages 54 to 87 form part of these financial statements. 49 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Consolidated cash flow statement for the year ended 31 December 2014 Cash flows from operating activities: Adjusted cash inflow from operations Cash impact of adjustments Cash inflow from operations Net interest paid Income tax received / (paid) Net cash generated from operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Acquisition of Kopin Capitalised development expenditure Investment in other intangible fixed assets Purchase of property, plant and equipment Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Issues of ordinary share capital Repayment of borrowings Increase in borrowings Net cash (used in)/generated from financing activities Net Increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January Exchange gains/(losses) on cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December The notes on pages 54 to 87 form part of these financial statements. Note 4 23 23 23 24 24 2014 £’000 19,614 (4,753) 14,861 (1,428) 1,258 14,691 - (4,957) (1,291) (3,178) (9,426) 278 (4,680) 1,305 (3,097) 2,168 3,258 158 5,584 2013 £’000 16,173 (3,411) 12,762 (1,546) (686) 10,530 (36,533) (4,346) (556) (5,196) (46,631) 16,106 (4,437) 25,000 36,669 568 2,773 (83) 3,258 50 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Parent company balance sheet for the year ended 31 December 2014 Note 2014 £’000 2013 £’000 Non-current assets: Investments Intangible assets Property, plant and equipment Total non-current assets Current assets: Trade and other receivables Cash and cash equivalents Total current assets Total assets Current liabilities: Trade and other payables Borrowings Total current liabilities Non-current liabilities: Trade and other payables Borrowings Total non-current liabilities Total liabilities Net assets Shareholders’ equity: Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Other reserves Total equity 13 11 12 15 16 17 16 17 20 The notes on pages 54 to 87 form part of these financial statements. These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 24 March 2015 . Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors P J Rasmussen Dr A W Nelson 28,430 13,265 332 18 - 43 28,780 13,308 81,606 2,065 83,671 112,451 (2,753) (12,800) (15,553) (484) (19,673) (20,157) (35,710) 76,741 6,603 49,108 12,624 8,406 76,741 99,342 172 99,514 112,822 (1,054) (2,400) (3,454) (484) (28,915) (29,399) (32,853) 79,969 6,475 48,958 17,588 6,948 79,969 51 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Parent company statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 2014 Share capital Share premium Retained earnings Other reserves Total equity £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 Balance at 1 January 2013 5,882 33,445 20,103 5,533 64,963 Comprehensive expense Loss for the year Total comprehensive expense Transactions with owners Share based payments Share placing Other issues of ordinary shares Total transactions with owners - - - 569 24 593 - - - 15,336 177 15,513 (2,515) (2,515) - - (2,515) (2,515) - - - - 1,415 - - 1,415 15,905 201 1,415 17,521 Balance at 31 December 2013 6,475 48,958 17,588 6,948 79,969 Comprehensive expense Loss for the year Total comprehensive expense Transactions with owners Share based payments Issues of ordinary shares Total transactions with owners - - - 128 128 - - - 150 150 (4,964) (4,964) - (4,964) (4,964) - - - 1,458 - 1,458 1,458 278 1,736 Balance at 31 December 2014 6,603 49,108 12,624 8,406 76,741 The notes on pages 54 to 87 form part of these financial statements. 52 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Parent company cash flow statement for the year ended 31 December 2014 Cash flows from operating activities: Cash inflow/(outflow) from operations Interest paid Taxation Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities Cash flows from investing activities: Investment in Seren Photonics Limited Investment in other intangibles Purchase of property plant and equipment Net cash used in investing activities Cash flows from financing activities: Issues of ordinary share capital Repayment of borrowings Increase in borrowings Net cash (used)/generated from financing activities Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December The notes on pages 54 to 87 form part of these financial statements. Note 23 13 11 12 2014 £’000 4,152 (1,092) 86 3,146 (50) (316) (7) (373) 278 (2,463) 1,305 (880) 1,893 172 2,065 2013 £’000 (40,759) (1,189) - (41,948) - - (57) (57) 16,106 (2,090) 25,000 39,016 (2,989) 3,161 172 53 
 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Notes to the financial statements 1. Significant accounting policies The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all years presented. General Information IQE plc Group’s principal activity are set out on page 32 of the directors report. The company is a public limited company, which is listed on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) and incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales. The address of its registered office is Pascal Close, St Mellons, Cardiff, CF3 0LW. Basis of preparation This financial information has been prepared on a going concern basis under the historical cost convention except where fair value measurement is required by IFRS, and in accordance with the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS, International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union and IFRS IC interpretations. The application of these standards and interpretations necessitates the use of estimates and judgements. The main areas involving estimates are set out below in note 2. Changes in accounting policy and disclosures (a) New standards, amendments and interpretations adopted by the group The following standards have been adopted by the group for the first time for the financial year beginning on or after 1 January 2014. They do not materially impact on the group results: IFRS 10, ‘Consolidated financial statements’ builds on existing principles by identifying the concept of control as the determining factor in whether an entity should be included within the consolidated financial statements of the parent company. The standard provides additional guidance to assist in the determination of control where this is difficult to assess. IFRS 11, ‘Joint arrangements’ focuses on the rights and obligations of the parties to the arrangement rather than its legal form. There are two types of joint arrangements: joint operations and joint ventures. Joint operations arise where the investors have rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities of an arrangement. A joint operator accounts for its share of the assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Joint ventures arise where the investors have rights to the net assets of the arrangement; joint ventures are accounted for under the equity method. Proportional consolidation of joint arrangements is no longer permitted. IFRS 12, ‘Disclosures of interests in other entities’ includes the disclosure requirements for all forms of interests in other entities, including joint arrangements, associates, structured entities and other off balance sheet vehicles. Amendment to IAS 32, ‘Financial instruments, Amendments to IAS 36, ‘Impairment of assets’ IFRIC 21, ‘Levies’ are standards, amendments and interpretations which are effective for the financial year beginning on 1 January 2014 and are not material to the group. (b) New standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not effective for the financial year beginning 1 January 2014 and not early adopted A number of new standards and amendments to standards and interpretations are effective for annual periods beginning after 1 January 2014, and have not been early adopted in preparing these consolidated financial statements. None of these are expected to have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements of the group. Basis of consolidation The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the company and its subsidiary undertakings. Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases. Inter-company transactions, balances, income and expenses on transactions between group companies are eliminated. Profits and losses resulting from inter-company transactions that are recognised in assets are also eliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the group. Joint ventures The group applies IFRS 11 to all joint arrangements. Under IFRS 11 investments in joint arrangements are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures depending on the contractual rights and obligations each investor. We have assessed the nature of our joint arrangements and determined them to be joint ventures. Joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method of accounting, interests in joint ventures are initially recognised at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognise the group’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses and movements in other comprehensive income. When the group’s share of losses in a joint venture equals or exceeds its interests in the joint ventures (which includes any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the group’s net investment in the joint ventures), the group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the joint ventures. 54 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Unrealised gains on transactions between the group and its joint ventures are eliminated to the extent of the group’s interest in the joint ventures. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of the joint ventures have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the group. Business combinations The acquisition of subsidiaries is accounted for using the purchase method. The cost of an acquisition is measured at the fair value of the consideration. The acquired identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are recognised at their fair value at the date of acquisition. Where the fair values of contingent deferred consideration, assets and liabilities acquired are initially recognised on a provisional basis, these are reassessed during the 12 month period following the date of the business combination. Adjustments to the fair values as at the date of acquisition within this ‘measurement period’ are recorded, with any net impact being added to or deducted from the goodwill recognised. Such adjustments are recognised in both the current period and restated comparative period balance sheets as if the final fair values had been used in the initial recognition of the acquisition. Subsequent to the measurement period, any adjustments to the recorded fair value of contingent deferred consideration are taken through the income statement as an exceptional income or expense. The group recognises any non-controlling interest on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the recognised amounts of acquiree’s identifiable net assets. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred. Intangible assets a) Goodwill Goodwill arising on an acquisition is recognised as an asset and initially measured at cost, being the excess of the fair value of the consideration over the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired. Goodwill is not amortised. However, it is reviewed for potential impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Cash Generating Units to which is relates. Any impairment identified is charged directly to Consolidated Income Statement. Subsequent reversals of impairment losses for goodwill are not recognised. b) Patents trademarks and licences Separately acquired patents, trademarks and licences are shown at historical cost. Patents, trademarks and licences acquired in a business combination are recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Patents, Trademarks and licences have a finite useful life and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation. Amortisation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate the cost of trademarks and licences over their estimated useful lives of 10 to 15 years. The carrying value of patents, trademarks and licences is reviewed for potential impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment. Any impairment identified is immediately charged to the Consolidated Income Statement. c) Development costs Expenditure incurred that is directly attributable to the development of new or substantially improved products or processes is recognised as an intangible asset when the following criteria are met: • • • • • • the product of process is intended for use or sale; the development is technically feasible to complete; there is an ability to use or sell the product or process; it can be demonstrated how the product or process will generate probable future economic benefits; there are adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development; and the development expenditure can be reliably measured. Directly attributable costs refers to the materials consumed; the directly attributable labour; and the incremental overheads incurred in the development activity. General operating costs, administration costs and selling costs do not form part of directly attributable costs. All research and other development costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalised development costs are amortised in-line with the revenue profile over the period during which the economic benefits are expected to be received, which typically range between 3 and 8 years. The estimated remaining useful lives of development costs are reviewed at least on an annual basis. Amortisation commences once the project is completed and revenues are being generated. The carrying value of capitalised development costs is reviewed for potential impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment. Any impairment identified is immediately charged to the Consolidated Income Statement. 55 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 d) Software Directly attributable costs incurred in the development of bespoke software for the group’s own use are capitalised and amortised on a straight line basis over the expected useful life of the software, which typically range between 3 and 8 years. The carrying value of capitalised software costs is reviewed for potential impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment. Any impairment identified is immediately charged to the Consolidated Income Statement. The costs of maintaining internally developed software, and annual license fees to utilise third party software, are expensed as incurred. e) Other intangibles recognised on acquisition Other intangible assets which form part of the identifiable net assets of an acquired business are recognised at their fair value and amortised on a systematic basis over their useful economic life which is up to 7 years. This includes customer contracts, the fair value of which has been evaluated using the multi period excess earnings method “MEEM”. The MEEM model valuation was cross checked to the cost of product development and qualification to which the contract relates. The carrying value of other intangible assets is reviewed for potential impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment. Any impairment identified is immediately charged to the Consolidated Income Statement. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any provision for impairment. Cost comprises all costs that are directly attributable to bringing the asset into working condition for its intended use. Depreciation is calculated to write down the cost of fixed assets to their residual values on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful economic lives: ..................................................................................................... Freehold buildings Short leasehold improvements Plant and machinery Fixtures and fittings ................................................................... ........................................................................................ ............................................................................................ 25 years
 5 to 27 years
 5 to 15 years
 4 to 5 years No depreciation is provided on land or assets yet to be brought into use. The assets residual values and useful economic lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. The carrying value of property, plant and equipment is reviewed for potential impairment at least annually. Any impairment identified is immediately charged to the Consolidated Income Statement. Impairment of non-current assets Non-current assets are reviewed for potential impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value (less disposal costs) and value in use. Value in use is based on the present value of the future cash flows relating to the asset, discounted at the Group’s weighted average cost of capital. For the purpose of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (Cash Generating Units). Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and attributable overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition based on normal operating capacity. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less applicable variable selling expenses. Trade receivables Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for merchandise sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. If collection is expected in one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer), they are classified as current assets. If not, they are presented as non-current assets. Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. Cash and cash equivalents In the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short- term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts. In the consolidated balance sheet, bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities. Trade payables Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. 56 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Provisions Provisions are recognised when: • • the Group has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount has been reliably estimated. Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation. Where a leasehold property, or part thereof, is vacant or sub-let under terms such that the rental income is insufficient to meet all outgoings, provision is made for the anticipated future shortfall up to termination of the lease, or the termination payment, if smaller. Financial instruments Financial assets and liabilities are recognised on the group’s balance sheet when the group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. The financial assets held by the group are other equity investments, receivables and cash and cash equivalents. Receivables do not carry interest and are stated at their nominal value as reduced by appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts. Cash and cash equivalent comprise cash in hand. Other equity investments are held at cost less provision for impairment. Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities. Trade payables are stated at their nominal value and do not bear interest. Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received net of any direct issue costs. Interest bearing loans are recorded at the proceeds received net of any direct issue costs. Finance charges are accounted for on an accrual basis using the effective interest method. The group does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. The group uses forward currency contracts as appropriate to manage foreign exchange risk. Detailed disclosures of the group’s financial instruments are provided in notes 15, 16,17 and 19. Leases Leases which transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are treated as a finance lease. Assets held under finance leases are capitalised at their fair value at the inception of the lease and depreciated over the estimated useful economic life of the asset or lease term if shorter. The finance charges are allocated to the Consolidated Income Statement in proportion to the capital amount outstanding. All other leases are classified as operating leases. Operating lease rentals are charged to the Consolidated Income Statement in equal annual amounts over the lease term. Revenue recognition Revenue represents the amounts receivable for goods and services provided in the ordinary course of business net of value added tax and other sales related taxes. Revenue is recognised when the risks and rewards of the underlying sale have been transferred to the customer, which is on the delivery of the goods or services and acceptance by the customer. Accrued income is recognised for sales where, at the balance sheet date, billing has not yet taken place but contractual terms dictate that the risks and rewards have been transferred to the customer and the customer is committed to payment. Billing is deferred to a contractually defined trigger point. An acquisition was made during 2012, where the consideration is being settled through agreed contractual price discounts. Subsequent to the measurement period, any adjustments to the recorded fair value of contingent deferred consideration are taken through the income statement within other income as an exceptional income or expense. The revenues of products sold which are subject to this discount are recognised at full market value. On settlement of the transaction, the discount is applied to reduce the deferred consideration balance. Segmental reporting Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Board of Directors, who oversee the allocation of resources and the assessment of operating segment performance. A business segment is a group of assets and operations engaged in providing products or services that are subject to risks and returns that are different from those of other business segments. A geographical segment is engaged in providing products or services within a particular economic environment that are subject to risks and returns that are different from those of components operating in other economic environments. Pension costs The group operates defined contribution pension schemes. Contributions are charged in the Consolidated Income Statement as they become payable in accordance with the rules of the scheme. 57 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Share based payments The group operates a Share Option Scheme, under which the group receives services from employees as consideration for share options in IQE plc. The fair value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an expense in the Consolidated Income Statement. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted including any market performance conditions (for example, an entity's share price); excluding the impact of any service and non-market performance vesting conditions (for example, profitability, sales growth targets and remaining an employee of the entity over a specified time period) and including the impact of any non-vesting conditions (for example, the requirement for employees to save). Non-market performance and service conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to vest. The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. At the end of each reporting period, the group revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest based on the non- market vesting conditions. It recognises the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in the income statement, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. When the options are exercised, the company issues new shares. The proceeds received net of any directly attributable transaction costs are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium. The scheme is equity settled. In the company’s own financial statements, the grant of share options to the employees of subsidiary undertakings is treated as a capital contribution. Specifically, the fair value of employee services received (measured at the date of grant) is recognised over the vesting period as an increase to investment in subsidiary undertakings, with a corresponding credit to equity in the parent entity financial statements. The social security contributions payable in connection with the grant of the share options is considered an integral part of the grant itself, and the change will be treated as a cash-settled transaction. Exceptional items Exceptional items are disclosed separately in the financial statements where it is necessary to do so to provide further understanding of the financial performance of the group. They are material items of income or expense that have been shown separately due to the significance of their nature or amount. Details of the exceptional items are included in note 4. Foreign currencies Items included in the financial statements of each subsidiary are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the subsidiary operates (“the functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in sterling, which is the group’s functional and presentational currency. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the subsidiaries functional currency at the rates of exchange ruling at the date of the transaction, or at the forward currency hedged rate where appropriate. Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated into the subsidiaries functional currency at the rates ruling at the balance sheet date. All exchange differences are taken to the income statement. The balance sheets of overseas subsidiaries are translated into sterling at the closing rates of exchange at the balance sheet date, whilst the income statements are translated into sterling at the average rate for the period. The resulting translation differences are taken directly to reserves. Foreign exchange gains and losses on the retranslation of foreign currency borrowings that are used to finance overseas operations are accounted for on the ‘net investment’ basis and are recorded directly in reserves provided that the hedge is ‘effective’ as defined in IAS 39 “Financial Instruments : recognition and measurement”. Taxation Income tax on the profit or loss for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year using rates substantially enacted at the balance sheet date, and any adjustments to tax payable in respect of prior years. Amounts receivable from tax authorities in relation to R&D tax relief claims for fiscal year 2013 and before are recognised as a credit within the group's tax charge. For subsequent years the R&D tax credits are under the RDEC scheme and are recognised with operating profit. Where amounts are outstanding at the year end and have not been formally agreed, an appropriate estimate of the amount is included within other receivables. Deferred tax is provided in full on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences, unless specifically exempt. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current taxation assets against current taxation liabilities and it is the intention to settle these on a net basis. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in equity. 58 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Investment in subsidiaries Investments in subsidiaries are held at cost of investment less provision for impairment in the parent company financial statements. Other equity investments Other equity investments are held at cost less provision for impairment in both the parent company and group financial statements on the basis that the Group (and Company) does not have the ability to exert significant influence or control over the strategic and operating activities of the other equity investments. 2. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty The group’s principal accounting policies are described in note 1. The application of these policies necessitates the use of estimates and judgements in a number of areas. Accordingly, the actual amounts may differ from these estimates. The main areas involving estimation are set out below: (a) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets Goodwill on the group’s balance sheet is not subject to amortisation because it is assumed to have an indefinite useful life. In accordance with IAS 36 “Impairment of assets”, the carrying value of goodwill is assessed at least annually for impairment. This assessment is based on cash flow forecasts. In light of these forecasts the Board has concluded that goodwill is not impaired. The group capitalises the cost of developing new and substantially improved products and processes if there is a reasonable expectation of obtaining an appropriate economic return. This necessitates an assessment of the future technical viability and future commercial benefits of the product or process. The carrying value for each project is assessed for impairment on an on-going basis. The key assumptions and judgements adopted in preparing the impairment review are set out in note 11. As part of the rationalisation and re-organisation programme further details of which are provided in note 4 and the post balance sheet events note 27 the Group has entered into a joint venture agreement with WIN Semiconductors Corp and Nangyang Technological University to create the Compound Semiconductor Development Centre (“CSDC”) in Singapore. The CSDC is a centre of excellence for compound semiconductor technology, with the aim of accelerating the development and commercialisation of new advanced semiconductor products. IQE is has a 50% equity stake in the new venture, and as part of its contribution to the establishment of the CSDC IQE is providing facilities, equipment and IP on favourable terms. Further details are set out in note 4. As a consequence, IQE has booked provisions of £4.9m for asset impairment comprising the transfer of tools to the CSDC. (b) Impairment of receivables Trade and other receivables are carried at the contractual amount due less any estimated provision for non-recovery. Provision is made based a number of factors including the age of the receivable, previous collection experience and the financial circumstances of the counterparty. (c) Inventory provisions Inventories are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Provision is made based on a number of factors including the age of inventories, the risk of obsolescence and the expected future usage. As set out in note 4 the group has recorded one off inventory write downs of £1.4m primarily relating to the expected formation of the Compound Semiconductor Development Centre (CSDC) in Singapore. (d) Acquisition fair values An assessment of the fair value of the purchase consideration and net assets acquired was undertaken for the acquisitions made during 2012 and 2013. We have reassessed the fair value of the deferred contingent consideration in relation to the 2012 RFMD acquisition. This resulted in an exceptional release of £9.9m to other income as a result of the re-assessment of the forecast volumes. Further details are provided in note 4. (e) Deferred tax assets Deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. This necessitates an assessment of future trading forecasts for each relevant tax authority, capital expenditures and the utilisation of tax losses. The forecast used to support deferred tax asset recognition are the same forecast used in the impairment review and support partial recognition of the available deferred tax assets. (f) Onerous lease provision A provision for onerous leases has been made in the year. The provision assumes that the lease will be onerous for the next four and a half years. Subsequent to this period we expect to be able to sublet the premises or negotiate to exit the lease. The full term of the lease obligation is 7 years with the lease running until 2021. (g) Adjustments to profit The board provides an adjusted profit measure to provided additional information to aid an understanding of the group’s performance as set out in note 4 we have detailed all of the items which are included within the adjustments to profit. 59 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 3. Segmental analysis The board of directors considers that the wireless, photonics and electronics markets are the group’s primary reporting segments. The board of directors assesses the performance of these operating segments based on their earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation, exceptional items and share based payments (EBITDA). Further detail on the nature of the segments is provided in the Chief Executive’s Review. 2014 Income statement Revenue EBITDA Exceptional items Share based payments Profit and Loss on disposal Impairment Depreciation Amortisation Operating profit/(loss) Finance costs Tax Profit after tax Segment assets Operating assets Deferred tax asset Cash Total assets Segment liabilities Operating liabilities Provisions Borrowings Total liabilities Wireless
 Photonics
 Electronics
 £’000 £’000 £’000 89,110 22,164 (2,891) (1,160) (3) (4,956) (5,472) (2,605) 5,077 21,761 5,603 (30) (283) - - (982) (1,017) 3,291 156,116 6,935 29,859 5,294 (41,197) (5,485) (4,205) - 1,140 (758) - (15) (12) - (136) (280) (1,201) 5,431 103 (425) - Total
 £’000 112,011 27,009 (2,921) (1,458) (15) (4,956) (6,590) (3,902) 7,167 (1,924) (3,247) 1,996 191,406 12,332 5,584 209,322 (45,827) (5,485) (36,835) (88,147) Other segmental information Capital expenditure - intangible assets Capital expenditure - property, plant and equipment 4,625 1,687 1,454 1,334 196 150 6,275 3,171 60 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Costs not directly attributable to a segment are allocated based on the proportion of revenue attributable to that segment. Finance costs are not allocated to the segments because treasury is managed centrally. 2013 Income statement Revenue EBITDA Exceptional items Share based payments Depreciation Amortisation Operating profit/(loss) Finance costs Tax Profit after tax Segment assets Operating assets Deferred tax assets Cash Total assets Segment liabilities Operating liabilities Borrowings Total liabilities Wireless
 Photonics
 Electronics
 £’000 £’000 £’000 107,219 22,541 (1,860) (1,129) (7,580) (2,113) 9,859 18,685 2,279 (3,205) (269) (792) (467) (2,454) 870 100 - (17) (131) (11) (59) 157,626 13,258 25,326 2,727 5,356 55 (54,220) (3,249) (277) Total
 £’000 126,774 24,920 (5,065) (1,415) (8,503) (2,591) 7,346 (2,154) 934 6,126 188,308 16,040 3,258 207,606 (57,746) (37,609) (95,355) Other segmental information Capital expenditure - intangible assets Capital expenditure - property, plant and equipment 23,586 18,089 1,174 1,849 1,521 46 26,281 19,984 In the years set out below, certain customers, all within the Wireless operating segment, accounted for greater than 10% of the Group’s total revenues: Customer 1 Customer 2 2014 2014 2013 2013 £’000 % revenue £’000 % revenue 33,001 27,025 29% 24% 23,899 40,480 19% 32% There are no customers in the photonics or electronics segments that accounted for greater than 10% of the Group’s total revenues.
 61 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Geographical information Disclosure of group revenues by location of customer: Americas United States of America Rest of Americas Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) France Germany Israel United Kingdom Rest of EMEA Asia Pacific People’s Republic of China Japan Taiwan Rest of Asia Pacific Total revenue Disclosure of non-current assets by location of assets: By location USA Singapore Taiwan UK 62 2014 £’000 75,740 75,552 188 7,325 447 2,249 1,609 1,680 1,340 28,946 768 5,023 21,572 1,583 2013 £’000 105,211 105,168 43 5,959 155 917 1,156 1,171 2,560 15,604 442 5,324 8,461 1,377 112,011 126,774 Property, plant and equipment Intangible assets 2014 £’000 45,944 6,762 7,555 6,327 66,588 2013 2014 2013 £’000 49,450 8,775 7,555 6,060 71,840 £’000 59,226 8,646 1,155 13,052 82,079 £’000 56,252 8,405 848 10,354 75,859 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 4. Adjusted profit measures The group’s results are reported after a number of imputed non-cash charges and non-recurring items. Therefore, we have provided additional information to aid an understanding of the group’s performance. 2014 2013 Restructuring and reorganisation Gain on release of contingent deferred consideration Amortisation of acquired intangibles Discounting of long term acquisition related balances Share based payments Write down of investment in Solar Junction Acquisition related inventory fair value adjustment Total before tax Deferred tax on adjustments Total after tax £’000 17,780 (9,903) 1,116 495 1,458 - - 10,946 3,759 14,705 £’000 3,411 (3,026) 730 608 1,415 3,205 1,475 7,818 (330) 7,488 As previously reported, through 2013 and 2014 the group was engaged in restructuring and reorganising its global operations. This has necessitated incurring certain cash costs and creating provisions for asset impairments and future lease costs. No further restructuring costs are anticipated in 2015. The cash costs incurred were £4.8m (2013: £3.4m) which related to redundancy costs, requalification costs and the duplication of overheads to support the transition of customers between production facilities. The asset and lease provisions primarily related to the group setting aside its Singapore facility and certain equipment for use by a new joint venture called the Compound Semiconductor Development Centre (“CSDC”). The CSDC has been established to accelerate the development of compound semiconductor technology in Singapore, and to provide an effective incubator for bringing new innovations to market. In return, IQE will be the production partner for the high volume manufacturing that emerges from this incubator. The asset impairments related to equipment (£4.9m) and inventories (£1.4m), and the provision for onerous leases £6.7m. There were no provisions relating to restructuring in 2013. These provisions are accounting estimates based on judgements, accordingly, the actual amounts may differ from these estimates. The Group also generated a non-cash profit of £9.9m (2013 £3.0m) arising from a reduction in the estimated remaining deferred consideration (settled via trade discount) in respect of a previous acquisition. This has been classified within other income and expenses in the consolidated income statement. The investment in Solar Junction Corporation was fully provided for at 31 December 2013, and classified within other income and expenses in the consolidated income statement In 2013 in fair valuing the assets of the acquired Kopin Wireless business, the inventories were recorded in the Group’s financial statements at their fair value. Therefore, the reported gross margin reflects a reduced profit on the sale (post acquisition) of the inventories acquired. The £1.5m adjustment above eliminates this fair value uplift so that the adjusted gross margin reflects the normal trading profit. The deferred tax charge of £3.8m (2013: £0.3m credit) reflects the net deferred tax impact associated with these items. The adjustments above which are classified within gross margin are £3.1m (2013: £2.4m) of the cash costs of restructuring, £1.4m (£nil) inventory provision and £1.0m (£0.9m) of the share based payment charge. In 2013, the acquisition related inventory fair value adjustment was also classified within gross margin 63 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Adjusted gross margin Reported gross margin Adjusted sales, general and administrative expenses Reported sales, general and administrative expenses Adjusted operating profit Reported operating profit Adjusted profit before tax Reported profit before tax Adjusted profit after tax Reported profit after tax Profit attributable to equity shareholders Minority interest Tax Share based payments Finance costs Depreciation of tangible fixed assets Amortisation of intangible fixed assets Profit and loss on disposal Provision for onerous lease* Acquisition related inventory fair value adjustment* Impairment of assets/investments* Release of contingent deferred consideration* Restructuring and re-organisation* EBITDA 2014 £’000 31,552 25,996 (13,935) (17,103) 17,618 7,167 16,189 5,243 16,701 1,996 2014 £’000 1,632 364 3,247 1,458 1,924 6,590 3,902 15 6,673 - 6,354 (9,903) 4,753 27,009 2013 £’000 27,939 23,105 (13,383) (15,580) 14,556 7,346 13,010 5,192 13,614 6,126 2013 £’000 5,955 171 (934) 1,415 2,154 8,503 2,591 - - 1,475 3,205 (3,026) 3,411 24,920 * Exceptional items impacting EBITDA include the following items: acquisition related inventory fair value adjustments, impairment of assets/investments, provision for onerous lease, wireless business unit re-organisation costs and the release of contingent deferred consideration. 64 
 
 5. Operating profit The operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting): Depreciation of property, plant and equipment Amortisation of non-current intangible assets Services provided by auditors* Operating lease rentals Research and development Exchange gains Share based payments Cost of inventories consumed Exceptional items** IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 2014 £’000 6,590 3,902 147 3,209 698 (26) 1,458 43,741 7,877 2013 £’000 8,503 2,591 143 3,109 925 (254) 1,415 49,727 5,065 *A schedule of services provided by the group’s auditors is disclosed in the Corporate Governance Report. **Exceptional items include the following items: acquisition related inventory fair value adjustments, wireless business unit re-organisation costs, impairment of assets, onerous lease provision and the release of contingent deferred consideration. Further details are provided in note 4. 6. Employee costs Employee costs (including directors’ remuneration) Wages and salaries Social security costs Other pension costs Charge for share based payments Average number of employees (including directors) Cost of sales Selling, general and administrative 2014 £’000 25,525 2,799 1,107 1,458 30,889 2013 £’000 26,521 2,437 1,249 1,415 31,622 2014 Number 2013 Number 449 132 581 494 125 619 Directors’ emoluments and share option details are disclosed in the Remuneration Report on page 36 to 40. Key management within the group comprises the executive and non-executive directors, the business unit and group senior management and the site general managers. Compensation to key management, including pensions of £139,000 (2013: £171,000), was £3,198,000 (2013: £3,654,000) and the charge for share-based payments was £917,000 (2013: £894,000).
 65 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 7. Finance costs Bank and other loans Finance lease interest Unwind of discount on long term balances 8. Taxation Current tax credit United Kingdom research and development tax credits receivable Overseas adjustments in respect of prior years Overseas taxes charges Total current tax credit Deferred tax (charge)/credit Total tax (charge)/credit Factors affecting total tax (charge)/credit 2014 £’000 1,347 82 495 1,924 2014 £’000 1,569 - (444) 1,125 (4,372) (3,247) 2013 £’000 1,464 82 608 2,154 2013 £’000 750 (428) (171) 151 783 934 The tax credit assessed for the year is different from that resulting from applying the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK: 21.5% (2013: 23.25%). The differences are explained below: Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 2014 £’000 5,243 2013 £’000 5,192 Tax charge at 21.5% thereon (2013: 23.25%) (1,127) (1,207) Effects of : Expenses not deductible for tax purposes Overseas tax rate differences Decrease in unrecognised tax losses Other deferred tax movements Impact on deferred tax as a result of changes in tax rates Overseas adjustments in respect of prior years United Kingdom research and development tax credits receivable Total tax (charge)/credit for the year 66 (41) (5,584) 964 972 - - 1,569 (3,247) (40) (3,382) 6,484 (1,198) (45) (428) 750 934 
 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 The Finance Act 2013, which was substantively enacted on 2 July 2013, included legislation to reduce the main rate of corporation tax from 23% to 21% from 1 April 2014 and to 20% from 1 April 2015. Accordingly, the closing UK deferred tax asset/liability in the financial statements has been recognised at 20%. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the relevant territory in the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. The majority of the deferred tax assets arise in the United States, these are provided at the effective United States Federal and State tax rates where appropriate. Deferred tax asset At 1 January Deferred tax (charge)/credit recognised in the year Deferred tax assets recognised on acquisition Foreign exchange differences At 31 December 2014 £’000 16,040 (4,372) - 664 12,332 2013 £’000 14,549 783 625 83 16,040 The current portion of the deferred tax asset is £600,000 (2013: £780,000) in relation to utilization of tax losses. The deferred income tax asset recognised at 31 December 2014 of £12,332,000 (2013: £16,040,000) relates mainly to tax losses carried forward, as well as timing differences on fair value adjustments in respect of previous acquisitions and an element of accelerated depreciation. These are recognised to the extent that the realisation of the related tax benefit through future taxable profits from the same trade is probable. The net amount not recognised is an asset of £19,600,000 (2013: £20,708,000). The unrecognised amounts relate to a mix of losses, temporary timing differences including accelerated depreciation and income tax deductions receivable on the exercise of employee share options. The asset would be recognised if sufficient profits from the same trade arise in future periods. Total tax losses carried forward account for a potential deferred tax asset of £39,076,000 (2013: £25,078,000). Company There is an unrecognised deferred tax asset of £585,000 (2013: £800,000) which relates primarily to short term timing differences arising on share option charges. 9. Dividends No dividend has been paid or proposed in 2014 (2013: £nil). 67 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 ! 10. Earnings per share Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of shares and ‘in the money’ share options in issue. Share options are classified as ‘in the money’ if their exercise price is lower than the average share price for the year. As required by IAS 33, this calculation assumes that the proceeds receivable from the exercise of ‘in the money’ options would be used to purchase shares in the open market in order to reduce the number of new shares that would need to be issued. The directors also present an adjusted earnings per share measure which eliminates certain non-cash items in order to provide a more meaningful underlying profit measure. The adjustments are detailed in note 4. Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders Adjustments to profit after tax (note 4) Adjusted profit attributable to ordinary shareholders Weighted average number of ordinary shares Dilutive share options Adjusted weighted average number of ordinary shares Adjusted basic earnings per share Basic earnings per share Adjusted diluted earnings per share Diluted earnings per share 2014 £’000 1,632 14,705 16,337 2013 £’000 5,955 7,488 13,443 2014 2013 Number Number 650,836,462 642,239,979 25,116,813 30,127,305 675,953,275 672,367,284 2.51p 0.25p 2.42p 0.24p 2.09p 0.93p 2.00p 0.89p 68 
 11. Intangible assets The Group Cost At 1 January 2014 Additions Disposals Foreign exchange At 31 December 2014 Accumulated amortisation and impairment At 1 January 2014 Charge for the year Charge for Impairment Disposals Foreign exchange At 31 December 2014 Net book value At 31 December 2014 At 31 December 2013 The Group Cost At 1 January 2013 Additions Acquisitions Foreign exchange At 31 December 2013 Accumulated amortisation and impairment At 1 January 2013 Charge for the year Foreign exchange At 31 December 2013 Net book value At 31 December 2013 At 31 December 2012 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Goodwill Patents Development costs Software Acquisition intangibles* £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 Total £’000 52,861 - - 3,024 55,885 - - - - - - 55,885 52,861 526 60 - 5 591 118 56 - - - 174 417 408 23,167 4,957 - 890 1,595 1,231 (25) 5 5,941 84,090 27 - 398 6,275 (25) 4,322 29,014 2,806 6,366 94,662 6,578 2,609 - - 314 9,501 619 121 39 (25) 6 760 916 1,116 - - 116 8,231 3,902 39 (25) 436 2,148 12,583 19,513 16,589 2,046 976 4,218 5,025 82,079 75,859 Goodwill Patents Development costs Software Acquisition intangibles* £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 36,365 - 18,206 (1,710) 52,861 - - - - 52,861 36,365 393 129 - 4 526 56 63 (1) 118 408 337 19,082 4,346 - (261) 23,167 5,135 1,557 (114) 6,578 16,589 13,947 1,160 427 19 (11) 1,595 360 241 18 619 976 800 Total £’000 59,962 4,931 21,350 (2,153) 84,090 5,797 2,591 (157) 8,231 2,962 29 3,125 (175) 5,941 246 730 (60) 916 5,025 2,716 75,859 54,165 69 * Acquisition intangibles relate to customer contract intangible assets
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 The amortisation charge of: £3,902,000 (2013: £2,591,000) has been charged to selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Income Statement. The carrying value of deferred development costs continue to be supported by forecast cash flows. Impairment tests for goodwill Goodwill is allocated to the group’s cash generating units (CGUs) identified according to operating segment. An operating segment level summary of the goodwill allocation is presented below: Allocation of goodwill by operating segment Wireless Photonics Total Goodwill 2014 £’000 48,610 7,275 55,885 2013 £’000 45,971 6,890 52,861 Multiple production facilities are included in a single CGU reflecting that production can (and is) transferred between sites to suit capacity planning and operational efficiency. The recoverable amount of all CGUs has been determined based on value in use calculations, using pre-tax cash flow projections for a five year period plus a terminal value assuming no subsequent growth. The Board approved budget is used for the first year of the forecast. Beyond this the Board has used assumptions which are below expectations in order to “stress test” for potential impairment, namely: • Wireless revenue growth 3.5% pa (2013: 3% pa); • Photonics revenue growth 10.5% pa (2013: 3% pa) which is significantly lower than the 2014 Photonics revenue growth rate of ~23% in constant currency, Sales into new markets of £10m over 5 years, • • Margin erosion 1% pa (2013: 1% pa), Cost inflation 3% (2013: 3% pa), • A pre-tax discount rate of 11% (2013: 11%). • Management believes it is appropriate to use the same discount rate for each CGU given that they have similar risk profiles and common funding. Even on this “stressed” basis, there remains a significant level of headroom in the calculations. In addition, to test the sensitivity of the discount rate, if a 12.5% discount rate is used there is still no impairment of assets. ! The Company Cost At 1 January 2014 Additions Reclassification to intangibles At 31 December 2014 Accumulated depreciation At 1 January 2014 Charge for the year Adjustment At 31 December 2014 Net book value At 31 December 2014 At 31 December 2013 70 Software £’000 - 316 16 332 - - - - 332 - 
 12. Property, plant and equipment a) The Group Cost At 1 January 2014 Additions Disposals Foreign exchange At 31 December 2014 Accumulated depreciation At 1 January 2014 Charge for the year Impairment charge for the year Disposals Foreign exchange At 31 December 2014 Net book value At 31 December 2014 At 31 December 2013 Cost At 1 January 2013 Additions Acquisitions Foreign exchange At 31 December 2013 Accumulated depreciation At 1 January 2013 Charge for the year Foreign exchange At 31 December 2013 Net book value At 31 December 2013 At 31 December 2012 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Land and buildings Short leasehold improve- ments Fixtures and fittings Plant and machinery £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 Total £’000 7,796 2 (275) 157 7,680 3,121 187 - (275) 26 3,059 4,621 4,675 26,604 3,650 138,898 176,948 57 (31) 1,323 27,953 11,836 1,140 353 (31) 441 82 - 84 3,030 (29) 5,527 3,171 (335) 7,091 3,816 147,426 186,875 2,458 274 24 - 78 87,693 105,108 4,989 4,540 (14) 3,447 6,590 4,917 (320) 3,992 13,739 2,834 100,655 120,287 14,214 14,768 982 1,192 46,771 51,205 66,588 71,840 Land and buildings Short leasehold improve- ments Fixtures and fittings Plant and machinery £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 Total £’000 6,298 - 1,637 (139) 7,796 2,938 194 (11) 3,121 4,675 3,360 23,654 264 3,188 (502) 26,604 10,540 1,501 (205) 11,836 14,768 13,114 2,449 262 1,037 (98) 3,650 2,185 311 (38) 2,458 1,192 264 128,607 161,008 4,605 8,991 (3,305) 5,131 14,853 (4,044) 138,898 176,948 83,025 6,497 (1,829) 87,693 51,205 45,582 98,688 8,503 (2,083) 105,108 71,840 62,320 71 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 As part of the rationalisation and re-organisation programme, IQE will be providing facilities, equipment and IP on favourable terms to the CSDC as set out in the critical accounting judgments (note 2) and the post balance sheet events note 27. As a consequence, IQE has booked provisions of £4.9m for asset impairment relating to the transfer of tools to the CSDC. The impairment provision writes the assets down to their recoverable amount. b) Capitalised finance leases Plant and machinery includes the following amounts where the group is a lessee under a finance lease:! Cost Accumulated Depreciation Net book value 2014 £’000 2,728 (216) 2,512 2013 £’000 2,557 (41) 2,516 The group leases various plant and machinery assets under non-cancellable finance lease agreements. The lease terms are up to three years, and the ownership of the assets lie within the group. c) The Company Cost At 1 January 2014 Additions Reclassification to intangibles At 31 December 2014 Accumulated depreciation At 1 January 2014 Charge for the year Adjustment At 31 December 2014 Net book value At 31 December 2014 At 31 December 2013 Cost At 1 January 2013 Additions At 31 December 2013 Accumulated depreciation At 1 January 2013 Charge for the year At 31 December 2013 Net book value At 31 December 2013 At 31 December 2012 72 Fixtures and fittings £’000 78 7 (16) 69 35 16 - 51 18 43 Fixtures and fittings £’000 21 57 78 21 14 35 43 - 
 13. Investments a) Company Cost At 1 January 2014 Additions Disposal Subsidiaries share based payments charge At 31 December 2014 Provisions for impairment At 1 January 2014 Disposal Impairment charge At 31 December 2014 Net book value At 31 December 2014 At 31 December 2013 Cost At 1 January 2013 Subsidiaries share based payments charge At 31 December 2013 Provisions for impairment At 1 January 2013 Impairment charge At 31 December 2013 Net book value At 31 December 2013 At 31 December 2012 Details of principal subsidiaries are set out in note 26.
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Investments in subsidiaries
 Other equity investments
 £’000 £’000 83,703 15,652 - 539 99,894 70,438 - 1,076 71,514 28,380 13,265 3,205 50 (3,205) - 50 3,205 (3,205) - - 50 - Investments in subsidiaries
 Other equity investments
 £’000 £’000 Total 
 £’000 86,908 15,702 (3,205) 539 99,944 73,643 (3,205) 1,076 71,514 28,430 13,265 Total £’000 86,581 327 83,376 327 83,703 70,438 - 70,438 13,265 12,938 3,205 - 3,205 86,908 - 3,205 3,205 70,438 3,205 73,643 - 3,205 13,265 16,143 73 
 
 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 The additions in the year relate to the capitalization of an inter-company loan balance. Investments are reviewed for impairment annually, where the net asset value is lower than the investment carrying value an impairment charge is recognised in the income statement. In the year impairment charges of £1,076,000 have been recognised to the write down of the investment in subsidiaries to recoverable amount. The other equity investments of £3.2m in 2012 related to the equity investment in Solar Junction Corporation. A provision for impairment was recorded in 2013 prior to the disposal in 2014 where the Group sold its minority equity interest in Solar Junction Corporation. The acquirer was a strategic investor with strong interests in accelerating the large scale adoption and commercialisation of Solar Junction’s technology. IQE’s long term wafer supply agreement was unaffected by this transaction. 14. Inventories Raw materials and consumables Work-in-progress and finished goods 2014 £’000 13,177 5,099 18,276 2013 £’000 12,856 4,846 17,702 The directors are of the opinion that the replacement values of inventories are not materially different to the carrying values stated above. These carrying values are stated net of impairment provisions of £5,937,000 (2013: £4,800,000). £1,399,000 (2013: 2,412,000) of inventories were written down during 2014 and an expense recognised in the income statement. 15. Trade and other receivables Trade receivables Amounts owed by group undertakings Other receivables and prepayments 2014 Group £’000 2014 Company £’000 2013 Group £’000 2013 Company £’000 12,809 - 11,654 24,463 - 81,224 382 81,606 9,312 - 13,595 22,907 - 98,380 962 99,342 As at 31 December 2014, 88% (2013: 91%) of trade receivables were within terms. Of the other trade receivables, 93% (2013: 58%) were less than 30 days past due. An allowance has been made for estimated irrecoverable amounts from the sale of goods of £330,000 (2013: £121,000). This allowance has been determined by reference to past default experience. Included in other receivables is accrued income of £8,806,000 (2013: £10,269,000). Our trade receivables are with established customers, we monitor customer D&B credit ratings and have had no material defaults in the past. None of our receivables are with customers where we have had any history of default. The carrying values of trade and other receivables also represent their estimated fair values. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable as set out above. In terms of trade receivables, the terms of sale provide that the group has recourse to the products sold in the event of non-payment by a customer. Trade receivables and accrued income are primarily denominated in US dollars, as are trade payables (note 16). The natural hedge between these financial instruments limits the exposure of the group to movements in foreign exchange rates. Based on the balances held at 31 December 2014 a 1 cent movement in the US dollar to Sterling rate would impact the net value of these instruments by £47,000 (2013: £11,000) (before the mitigating impact of cash flow hedges). 
 74 16. Trade and other payables Current Trade payables Amounts owed by group undertakings Deferred consideration Other taxation and social security Accruals and deferred income Non-current Deferred consideration IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 2014 Group £’000 14,518 - 5,183 1,072 9,623 2014 Company £’000 57 1,457 - 728 511 2013 Group £’000 15,090 - 9,000 626 6,398 2013 Company £’000 - 446 - 73 535 30,396 2,753 31,114 1,054 2014 Group £’000 15,431 2014 Company £’000 484 2013 Group £’000 26,632 2013 Company £’000 484 Within deferred consideration is £10.7m (2013: £26.6m) being the best estimate of the amount that will be settled through contractually agreed price discounts over the next two years. Long term contingent deferred consideration balances are discounted at 2.5%. The fair value of the contingent deferred consideration has been re-assessed during the year resulting in a reduction of £9.9m (2013: £3.0m). This has been credited to the consolidated income statement within other income and expenses. The exceptional income has been excluded from our adjusted profit measure set out in note 4. The carrying values of trade and other payables also represent their estimated fair values. There is no foreign currency exchange contracts held at 31 December 2014 or 31 December 2013. 17. Borrowings
 The Group Non-current borrowings: Bank borrowings Finance leases Current borrowings: Bank borrowings Finance leases 2014 £’000 22,002 113 22,115 13,867 853 14,720 2013 £’000 31,902 903 32,805 4,002 802 4,804 Total borrowings 36,835 37,609 75 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 a) Bank borrowings Bank borrowings fall due for repayment as follows: Within one year Between one and five years After five years b) Finance leases Gross finance lease liabilities – minimum lease payments: Within one year Between one and five years Finance charges Present value of finance lease liabilities Present value of finance lease liabilities: Within one year Between one and five years 2014 £’000 13,867 22,002 - 35,869 2014 £’000 873 114 987 (21) 966 2014 £’000 853 113 966 2013 £’000 4,002 31,902 - 35,904 2013 £’000 851 922 1,773 (68) 1,705 2013 £’000 802 903 1,705 Lease liabilities are effectively secured as the rights to the leased asset reverts to the lessor in the event of default. The company The borrowings of the parent company comprise the bank loan of £32,473,000 (2013 £31,315,000) which comprise mutli-currency acquisition and RCF facilities. 76 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 2014 £’000 12,800 19,673 - 32,473 2014 £’000 - 6,673 (1,206) 18 5,485 2014 £’000 1,551 3,934 5,485 2013 £’000 2,400 28,915 - 31,315 2013 £’000 - - - - - 2013 £’000 - - - Bank borrowings fall due for repayment as follows: Within one year Between one and five years After five years 18. Provisions for other liabilities and charges (All figures £’000s) As at 1 January Charged/(Credited) to the income statement Utilised during the year Foreign exchange As at 31 December (All figures £’000s) Current Non-Current Total Provisions for other liabilities and charges As part of the re-organisation and rationalisation of the Group’s facilities the Group is ceasing activates at its Singapore facility and establishing the Compound Semiconductor development Centre. The provision above represents the onerous lease obligation in respect of the Singapore property. This is expected to be utilised over the next four and a half years. The provision has been discounted using a risk free rate of 2.5%. 19. Financial Instruments Financial instruments by category Trade and other receivables (excluding prepayments) and cash and cash equivalents are classified as 'loans and receivables'. Borrowings and trade and other payables are classified as 'other financial liabilities at amortised cost'. Both categories are initially measured at fair value and subsequently held at amortised cost. Derivatives (forward exchange contracts) are classified as 'derivatives used for hedging' and accounted for at fair value with gains and losses taken to reserves through the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Financial risk and treasury policies The Group's finance team maintains liquidity, manages relations with the Group’s bankers, identifies and manages foreign exchange risk and provides a treasury service to the Group’s businesses. Treasury dealings such as investments, borrowings and foreign exchange are conducted only to support underlying business transactions. The Group has clearly defined policies for the management of foreign exchange rate risk. The Group finance team does not undertake speculative foreign exchange dealings for which there is no underlying exposure. Exposures resulting from sales and purchases in foreign currency are matched where possible and the net exposure may be hedged by the use of forward exchange contracts.
 77 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Credit risk Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Group’s receivables from customers and monies on deposit with financial institutions. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable as set out above. In terms of trade receivables, the terms of sale provide that the group has recourse to the products sold in the event of non-payment by a customer. Carrying amount Cash and Cash equivalents Trade receivables Amounts owed by group undertakings Other receivables – (accrued income) 2014 Group £’000 5,584 12,809 - 8,806 27,199 2014 Company £’000 2,065 - 81,224 83,289 2013 Group £’000 3,258 9,312 - 10,269 22,839 2013 Company £’000 172 - 98,380 98,552 Included in other receivables is accrued income of £8,806,000 (2013: £10,269,000). Our trade receivables are with established customers, we monitor customer D&B credit ratings and have had no material defaults in the past. None of our receivables are with customers where we have had any history of default. Gross 2014 Provision 2014 Net 2014 Not past due Past due 0-30 Past due more than 30 £’000 10,929 2,056 154 13,139 £’000 £’000 - 10,929 1,880 - 176 154 330 12,809 9,433 Gross 2013 £’000 7,364 1,210 859 Provision 2013 Net 2013 £’000 £’000 - - 121 121 7,364 1,210 738 9,312 An allowance has been made for estimated irrecoverable amounts from the sale of goods of £330,000 (2013: £121,000). This allowance has been determined by reference to past default experience. The individually impaired receivables mainly relate to a number of independent customers. A portion of these receivables is expected to be recovered. The carrying values of trade and other receivables also represent their estimated fair values. Trade receivables and accrued income are primarily denominated in US dollars, as are trade payables (note 16). The natural hedge between these financial instruments limits the exposure of the group to movements in foreign exchange rates. Based on the balances held at 31 December 2014 a 1 cent movement in the US dollar to Sterling rate would impact the net value of these instruments by £47,000 (2013: £11,000) (before the mitigating impact of cash flow hedges). Liquidity risk Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Group manages its funding to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Group’s reputation. The Group uses weekly cash flow forecasts to monitor cash requirements and to optimise its borrowing position. Typically the Group ensures that it has sufficient borrowing facilities to meet foreseeable operational expenses. At the year end the group had available facilities of £44.8m (2013: £47.3m). 78 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 The following shows the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including interest payments, where applicable and excluding the impact of netting agreements and on an undiscounted basis:! Analysis of contractual cash flow maturities Carrying amount Contractual cash flows Less than 12 months 1 – 2 Years 2 - 5 Years 5+ Years 31 December 2014 Trade and other payables Deferred consideration Secured bank loans Finance leases £’000 24,141 9,860 35,869 966 £’000 24,141 10,084 38,555 987 £’000 24,141 - - 9,600 14,852 15,893 869 118 - 484 5,334 - - - 2,476 - £’000 £’000 £’000 70,836 73,767 39,862 25,611 5,818 2,476 Analysis of contractual cash flow maturities Carrying amount Contractual cash flows Less than 12 months 1 – 2 Years 2 - 5 Years 5+ Years 31 December 2013 Trade and other payables Deferred consideration Secured bank loans Finance leases Market risks 1. Currency risk £’000 21,488 9,064 35,904 1,705 £’000 21,488 9,484 40,017 1,773 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 21,488 - - - 5,430 14,937 786 869 - 9,484 17,020 118 - - 2,630 - 68,161 72,762 27,704 15,806 26,622 2,630 The Group is exposed to foreign currency risk on sales and purchases that are denominated in a currency other than Sterling. The currencies giving rise to this risk are primarily the US dollar. Full disclosures are provided in the Director’s report on page 34. 2. Interest rate risk Historically the Group has not undertaken any hedging activity in this area however the board keeps this under regular review. All foreign currency cash deposits are made at prevailing interest rates. The main element of interest rate risk concerns borrowings. The group’s bank borrowings consist of a series of variable and fixed rate term loans, and a revolving credit facility. Bank loans are secured against the assets of the group. The variable rate US dollar term loans, which had a principal outstanding at 31 December 2014 of £1.3m (2013: £2.6m), and bear interest of between 2.0% to 2.95% over LIBOR. These loans are repayable by monthly instalment with remaining terms of up to 4 years. The fixed rate US dollar term loans, which had a principal outstanding at 31 December 2014 of £2.1m (2013: £2.0m), and bear interest of 5% until 2017 and is variable thereafter. These loans are repayable by monthly instalment with remaining terms of up to 20 years. The US Dollar acquisition facility, which had a principal outstanding at 31 December 2014 of £20.2m (2013: £21.4 million), bears interest of between 2.5% to 2.95% over LIBOR. This loan is repayable by quarterly instalments with a remaining term of 4 years The UK Pound revolving credit facility is a multi-currency facility of up to £21 million, committed until 2018. It bears interest of between 1.75% to 1.95% over LIBOR. The balance drawn at 31 December 2014 was £12.3m (2013: £9.9m). The carrying value of loans approximates to their fair value based on the net present value of future cash flows.! Further disclosure in respect of the interest rate risk is provided in the Directors report on page 34. 79 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Capital risk management The capital risk management disclosures are provided in full within the Directors report on page 34. Fair values The fair values of financial assets and liabilities, together with the carrying amounts shown in the balance sheet, are as follows: Cash and Cash equivalents Trade receivables Amounts owed by group undertakings Other receivables – (accrued income) Trade and other payables Deferred consideration Secured bank loans Finance leases 2014 Carrying amount £’000 5,584 12,809 - 8,806 (29,324) (9,860) (35,869) (966) 2014 Fair value £’000 2014 Carrying amount £’000 5,584 12,809 - 8,806 (29,324) (9,860) (36,104) (966) 3,258 9,312 - 10,269 (21,488) (9,064) (35,904) (1,705) 2014 Fair value £’000 3,258 9,312 - 10,269 (21,488) (9,064) (36,216) (1,705) (48,820) (49,055) (45,322) (45,634) Basis for determining fair value The following summarises the significant methods and assumptions used in estimating the fair values of financial instruments reflected in the table above. Secured loans As the loans are floating rate borrowings, amortised cost is deemed to reflect fair value excluding unamortised transaction fees. Trade and other receivables/payables As receivables/payables have a remaining life of less than one year, the notional amount is deemed to reflect the fair value.
 80 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 20. Share capital Group and Company Allotted, called up and fully paid 2014 Number of shares 2014 £’000 2013 Number of shares 2013 £’000 Ordinary shares of 1p each 660,327,767 6,603 647,513,661 6,475 The movement in the number of ordinary shares during the year was: At 1 January Employee share schemes Placing At 31 December 2014 Number 2013 Number 647,513,661 588,215,751 12,814,106 2,396,949 - 56,900,961 660,327,767 647,513,661 12,814,106 ordinary shares (2013: 59,297,910 ordinary shares) were issued during the year as follows: 2014 Number of shares 2014 Consideration 2013 Number of shares 2013 Consideration Employee share schemes 12,814,106 Nil to 19.97p 2,396,949 3.65p to 23.08p Placing - 12,814,106 - 56,900,961 59,297,910 29.00p The group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern so that it can continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders. The group sets the amount of capital in proportion to risk. The group manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions and the characteristic of the underlying assets. The group monitors capital by reviewing net debt against shareholders’ funds. The position of these indicators and the movement during the year is shown in the Five Year Financial Summary and on page 34 of the Directors’ Report. 81 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 21. Share based payments The total amount charged to the income statement in 2014 in respect of share based payments was £1,458,000 (2013: £1,415,000). Share option scheme The IQE Plc Share Option Scheme was adopted on 26 May 2000 and amended by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting on 17 May 2002. Under the scheme, the Remuneration Committee can grant options over shares in the company to employees of the group. Options are granted with a contractual life of ten years and with a fixed exercise price equal to the market value of the shares under option at the date of grant or as otherwise disclosed in the remuneration report. Options become exercisable between one and four years from the date of grant subject to continued employment and the achievement of performance conditions, including growth in EBITDA and earnings per share against various targets. The group has no legal or constructive obligation to repurchase or settle the options in cash. Options are valued using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the total amount to be expensed is charged to income statement over the vesting period of the option. The principal assumptions used in the calculation of the fair value of share options are as follows: Principal assumptions Weighted average share price at grant date Weighted average exercise price Weighted average vesting period (years) Option life (years) Weighted average expected life (years) Weighted average expected volatility factor Weighted average risk free rate Dividend yield 2014 17.12 12.94 3 10 3 61% 1.25% 0% 2013 25.73p 13.16p 3 10 3 61% 0.64% 0% The expected volatility factor is based on historical share price volatility over the three years immediately preceding the grant of the option. The expected life is the average expected period to exercise. The risk free rate of return is the yield of zero-coupon UK government bonds of a term consistent with the assumed option life. Performance conditions are incorporated into the calculation of fair value by estimating the proportion of share options that will vest and be exercised based on a combination of historical trends and future expected trading performance. These are reassessed at the end of each period for each tranche of unvested options. The fair value of options granted during the year ended 31 December 2014 was £342,000 (2013: £2,139,000). The movements on share options during the year were as follows: At 1 January Granted Exercised Cancelled/lapsed At 31 December 2014 2014 2013 2013 Number of options 56,152,601 7,095,762 (11,282,603) (1,429,240) 50,536,520 Average exercise price (pence) 11.24 12.94 2.87 19.17 13.12 Number of options 38,693,514 19,564,155 (1,992,560) (112,508) 56,152,601 Average exercise price (pence) 10.12 13.16 10.07 18.72 11.24 The weighted average share price at the time of the options exercised during 2014 was 21.04p (2013: 25.73p). 82 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 As at 31 December 2014, the total number of options held by employees was 50,536,520 (2013: 56,152,601) as follows: Option price pence/share Option period ending Number of options Number of options 2014 2013 5.63p - 10.17p 6.87p - 10.25p 10.40p - 19.42p 13.58p - 19.42p 16.10p - 16.10p 3.65p - 17.07p 0.00p – 45.58p 9.15p – 50.25p 0.00p – 28.17p 0.00p – 27.75p 0.00p – 86.20p At 31 December 31 December 2014 31 December 2015 31 December 2016 31 December 2017 31 December 2018 31 December 2019 31 December 2020 31 December 2021 31 December 2022 31 December 2023 31 December 2024 - 558,173 1,453,888 4,647,872 194,306 6,614,693 1,602,277 5,675,400 5,367,392 16,939,534 7,482,985 50,536,520 973,922 610,539 1,640,388 5,254,470 233,278 7,620,931 6,819,449 5,928,249 7,294,981 19,776,394 - 56,152,601 22. Parent company profit and loss As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the income statement of the parent company is not presented as part of these financial statements. The parent company’s loss for the financial year amounted to £4,964,000 (2013: Loss £2,515,000). ! 83 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 ! 23. Cash generated from operations The Group Profit before tax Finance costs Depreciation of property, plant and equipment Amortisation of intangible assets Profit and loss on disposal Acquisition related inventory fair value adjustments Impairment of assets / investments Onerous lease provisions Release of contingent deferred consideration Contingent deferred consideration (settled through contractual discounts) Share based payments Cash inflow from operations before changes in working capital (Increase)/decrease in inventories Decrease in trade and other receivables Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables Cash inflow from operations The Company Loss before tax Finance income Foreign exchange Impairment of investments Depreciation Share based payments 2014 £’000 5,243 1,924 6,590 3,902 15 - 6,354 6,673 (9,903) (7,981) 1,458 14,275 (792) 760 618 14,861 2014 £’000 (5,044) (2,666) 2,238 1,076 16 919 2013 £’000 5,192 2,154 8,503 2,591 - 1,475 3,205 - (3,026) (14,191) 1,415 7,318 6,405 2,308 (3,269) 12,762 2013 £’000 (2,574) (4,024) 237 3,205 14 1,088 Cash outflow from operations before changes in working capital (3,461) (2,054) Decrease/(Increase) in trade and other receivables Increase in trade and other payables Cash inflow/(outflow) from operations 5,927 1,686 4,152 (39,094) 389 (40,759) ! 84 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 ! 24. Reconciliation of net cash flow to movement in net debt Increase in cash in the year Increase in borrowings Repayment of borrowings Repayment of leases Net movement resulting from cash flows Net debt at 1 January Net movement resulting from cash flows Non-cash movements (note 25) Net debt at 31 December 25. Analysis of net debt Cash and cash equivalents Bank borrowings due after one year Bank borrowings due within one year Finance leases due after one year Finance leases due within one year Total borrowings Net debt 2014 £’000 2,168 (1,305) 3,867 813 5,543 (34,351) 5,543 (2,443) (31,251) 2013 £’000 568 (25,000) 3,660 777 (19,995) (15,483) (19,995) 1,127 (34,351) At 1 January 2014 £’000 3,258 (31,902) (4,002) (903) (802) (37,609) (34,351) Cash flow £’000 2,168 (1,305) 3,867 - 813 3,375 5,543 Other non-cash movements At 31 December 2014 £’000 158 11,205 (13,732) 790 (864) (2,601) (2,443) £’000 5,584 (22,002) (13,867) (113) (853) (36,835) (31,251) Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December 2014 comprised balances held in instant access bank accounts. Non-cash movements include the new finance leases and foreign exchange movements on US dollar denominated borrowings. 85 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 26. Principal subsidiary undertakings Name of company Class of capital Proportion of shares held Activity Country of incorporation IQE (Europe) Limited Ordinary shares of £1 100%* Manufacture of advanced semiconductor materials IQE Inc IQEKC LLC IQE Taiwan ROC IQE RF LLC Common stock of $0.001 100%* Manufacture of advanced semiconductor materials Limited liability company 100% Manufacture of advanced semiconductor materials Ordinary shares of NT $10 90%* Manufacture of advanced semiconductor materials Limited liability company 100%* Manufacture of advanced semiconductor materials IQE Silicon Compounds Limited Ordinary shares of £1 100% Manufacture of silicon epitaxy UK USA USA Taiwan USA UK MBE Technology Pte Ltd Preferred shares of S $1 Ordinary shares of S $1 100% 100% Wafer Technology Limited Ordinary shares of £1 100%* Manufacture of advanced semiconductor materials Singapore Manufacture of semiconductor compounds and ultra high purity materials NanoGaN Limited Ordinary shares of £0.001 100% Development of advanced semiconductor materials Galaxy Compound Semiconductors Inc Common stock of $0.00 par value 100%* Manufacture of semiconductor compounds and ultra high purity materials UK UK USA * Indirect holdings The proportion of voting rights of subsidiaries held by the group is the same as the proportion of shares held. All UK subsidiaries are exempt from the requirements to file audited financial statements by virtue of section 479A of the Companies Act 2006. In adopting the exemption IQE plc has provided statutory guarantee to these subsidiaries in accordance with section 479C of the Companies Act 2006. 86 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 27. Post balance sheet event On 23 March the group entered into a joint venture agreement with WIN Semiconductors Corp and Nangyang Technological University to create the Compound Semiconductor Development Centre (“CSDC”) in Singapore. The CSDC is a centre of excellence for compound semiconductor technology, with the aim of accelerating the development and commercialisation of new advanced semiconductor products. 
 IQE is has a 50% equity stake in the new venture, and as part of its contribution to the establishment of the CSDC IQE is providing facilities, equipment and IP on favourable terms. Further details are set out in note 4. 28. Related party transactions The group incurred professional fees and expenses during the year of £125,000 (2013: £70,000) payable to Horton Corporate Finance and £38,000 (2013: £29,000) payable to Fishstone Limited. Dr G H H Ainsworth, who is a director of IQE Plc, is a managing partner of Horton Corporate Finance. S J Gibson, who is a director of IQE Plc, is also a director of Fishstone Limited. An amount of £43,000 (2013: £35,000) was outstanding to these parties at the year-end. During the year the group made purchases of £nil (2013 £88,904) from Greenlux limited. Dr A W Nelson who is a Director of IQE Plc is an equity shareholder of Greenlux Limited. No amounts were payable to Greenlux Limited at the end of the year. During the year the group recognised Revenue of £145,000 with Seren Photonics Limited. Dr G H H Ainsworth is a Director of IQE plc and Seren Photonics Limited. As at the 31 December 2014 £148,000 was receivable from Seren Photonics Limited. IQE made a £50,000 investment in Seren Photonics Limited during the year in return for 69 “B” ordinary shares. 29. Operating lease commitments The group was committed at 31 December 2014 and 31 December 2013 to making the following aggregate payments in respect of non- cancellable operating leases: Due within one year Due between two and five years Due after five years 30. Commitments The group had no capital commitments at 31 December 2014 or 31 December 2013.
 2014 £’000 3,174 12,099 5,985 21,258 2013 £’000 2,552 10,843 7,403 20,798 87 
 IQE plc | Annual Report & Financial Statements 2014 Company No: 3745726 Officers and professional advisers IQE plc is a public limited company incorporated in England and Wales. 
 Directors Dr G H H Ainsworth BSc, Ph.D, FCA (Chairman, Non-Executive) Dr A W Nelson OBE, BSc, Ph.D, FREng (President and Chief Executive Officer) Mr S J Gibson OBE (Non-Executive) Dr D Grant CBE, FREng, FLSW, CEng, FIET (Senior Independent Non-Executive Director) Mr P J Rasmussen BSc, ACA (Finance Director and Company Secretary) Dr H R Williams BSc, Ph.D, CEng, MIMechE, MCIBSE (Operations Director) Registered office Pascal Close, Cardiff, United Kingdom, CF3 0LW Principal Bankers HSBC Bank Plc
 8 Canada Square, London, E14 5HQ Auditors PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP One Kingsway, Cardiff, CF10 3PW Nominated advisers and brokers Canaccord Genuity Limited 88 Wood Street, London, EC2V 7QR Joint brokers Peel Hunt LLP Moor House, 120 London Wall, London EC2Y 5ET Registrars Capita Registrars Northern House, Woodsome Park, Fenay Bridge, Huddersfield, HD8 0GA Investor relations Chris Meadows Tel +44(0)29 2083 9400 Fax +44(0)29 2079 4592 investors@iqep.com 88 
 IQE plc Pascal Close Cardiff United Kingdom CF3 0LW tel: +44 (0)29 2083 9400 Fax: +44 (0)29 2079 4592 www.iqep.com © 2015 IQE plc 
 

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