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Iron Mountain

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FY2016 Annual Report · Iron Mountain
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3APR201420591154

2016 Annual Financial Report and
Stockholder  Letter

Dear Fellow Stockholders,

2016 was an exciting  year marked  by  significant  achievements.  We continued  to build  upon  the  durability of  our  business and
improved top and  bottom line performance.  We  completed  our acquisition  of Recall  Holdings and  are  ahead  of  integration
plans. This acquisition strengthens  our  global  platform and  enhances our  strategic  plan,  whilst delivering  overall  improved
profitability as we  realize  synergies.  In  addition,  we achieved  strong  internal volume  and  storage  revenue  growth,  before
acquisitions, in all  markets, including  our  mature  developed  markets.  Moreover,  we  further extended our  expansion in
high-growth emerging  markets. And  we  continued  building on  our brand and reputation,  serving approximately  950  of  the
Fortune 1000 companies,  through  our  growth  and  expansion in Adjacent  Businesses.

Our strong financial and  operating  results  for  2016  were  in  line  with  our  expectations  in  both  reported and  constant  dollars.
Notably, our profit margins expanded,  reflecting  the benefit of Recall  synergies  and our  Transformation  Initiative,  whilst
integrating the historically lower  margin  Recall  business. We  steadily  maintained  our  focus  even  in the midst of  integrating
Recall, which is testament  to the  hard  work  our  organization  has  undertaken  to achieve  strong  results.  I continue to  be
impressed with the  focus of  our  Mountaineers  and  appreciate  their  passion  to  serve  our customers.

Strong Financial Performance Consistent  with Expectations

On a constant dollar  basis,  year-over-year,  we  grew total  revenue  in  2016 by 19%, reflecting the benefit  of  the Recall
acquisition and consistent  internal  storage  rental  gains of  2%.  Internal storage  rental  growth  was primarily driven  by  storage
volume growth, which remains  an  important  indicator  in our  business. During the year, we  added more  than 45  million  cubic
feet of new records from new and existing customers,  or net  volume growth of  9  million  cubic feet  after  destructions  and
customer terminations. Our unwavering focus on customer  satisfaction resulted  in continued  retention  of 98%  in  records
management, highlighting  the durability of  not  only our  storage  rental  revenue but  our customer relationships  as  well.

As we have noted  in recent years, service revenue associated  with  transportation and  retrieval  activity  has  declined  as
physical records and  data backup tapes  become  more  archival. We  continue  to partially  offset  this  decline  by  growing  other
lines of business such as scanning,  shredding,  projects and  other new offerings.  Importantly,  service business  growth  rates can
fluctuate on a relatively  small base and our  mix  is shifting  towards  project-based  revenues.  As  a result,  for the year, internal
service revenue declined by roughly half a  percentage  point. However, we  continue  to focus  on sustaining  and  gradually
improving service gross  profits, as  services remain  complementary to our core storage  business.  Importantly,  some new
service offerings have  lower margins  compared with  our  core  services;  however,  these  services  are less  capital intensive, so
they deliver similar, attractive returns.

Adjusted EBITDA growth for  the year exceeded revenue growth, demonstrating  margin improvement,  despite the lower
profitability of the legacy Recall  business.  Going forward,  we  continue to  believe  that  we can  optimize  the  legacy  Recall
business and bring it in line with our profitability levels.  Last,  and  most  importantly,  our  strong  cash  generation supports
growth in dividends and investment. We  believe, AFFO  is the most  representative  metric of  the  cash generation
characteristics of our operating business and provides a good  measure for  dividend  coverage.  AFFO  for  2016  was  at the high
end of our expectations as we optimized our capital expenditures.

Looking ahead to  2017, our growth expectations on  a  constant  dollar  basis  remain  consistent  with  our long-term plans.
Importantly, these plans remain underpinned by  nearly  $1.9 billion  of storage-related  net  operating  income,  which  is
distinguished by its inherent durability and consistent  operating performance.  Business fundamentals remain  consistent,  and
we expect internal storage rental revenue  growth of  2%  to  2.5%  for 2017.  Lastly,  we expect  our cash  available  for
distributions and investments to cover our anticipated  2017  dividend,  required  capital expenditures,  core growth investments,
and a portion of our discretionary investments and acquisitions.

Recall Acquisition Enhances Core Growth Strategy

In May 2016, we completed  the acquisition  of Recall Holdings. We  believe this  acquisition  accelerates  our already  successful
growth strategy. With our broader footprint,  stronger  infrastructure,  increased exposure  to  high-growth emerging  markets as
well as small to mid-size enterprise  customers, and increased  economies of  scale, we  believe  we  will  be well  suited  to address
unmet document storage and  information  management  needs  around  the  globe. The integration of  the  Recall  business  went
well in 2016. Our cultures  were similar,  thus  enabling  us  to  quickly  combine  teams  and advance  a  number  of objectives  that
were key to achieving synergies.  The  financial  impact  is flowing through  strongly,  and  we  are early in  seeing some  of the
potential for further benefit  from  having the  leading global platform.

Integration and Transformation Enhancing  Profitability

We have gotten off  to  a great start with  integrating  Recall’s business and  implementing  actions that  enabled  us to  achieve
synergies faster than our original expectations.  For  2017,  we  expect to realize  $80  million  of  net  synergies,  roughly
$65 million of which was included in our  2016 exit  rate.  Overall, when  combined  with the expected  $100  million of
cumulative benefits from our total $125 million Transformation  Initiative,  we expect  to generate $180  million  of  combined
savings in 2017, with roughly $20 million of  that  to be reinvested  into  innovation  and shared  service  efficiency  programs.

When we started our Transformation Initiative in  mid-2015,  our  three  decades  of acquisitions  had left us with  overly complex
reporting structures, overlapping teams  and  processes  and overhead  costs  that  expanded  to  more  than  28%  of  sales.  That
was four  to five percentage points higher than most companies  of our  size and  breadth.  As a result,  we committed  to  further

reduce our overhead  by  2018 and to  transform  our  teams  and processes  to enable  us  to  work  faster and  more  efficiently.  We
have made good  progress,  entering  2017  with  our  overhead as a  percentage  of  sales  at just  under  25%.  The  pace  of our
progress in Integration  and Transformation  can  be  seen in the year-over-year  comparisons of  financial  performance. Whilst
the weighted average  increase  in  our  shares  outstanding for  2016  relative  to 2015  was  roughly 17%, our  growth  in  revenue,
Adjusted EBITDA,  and  AFFO  exceed  the  growth  in share count. Additionally,  we  increased  our quarterly  dividend  per
share by 13% in the  fourth  quarter  of  2016.  Therefore,  the majority of  this  improvement  is  going directly  to  shareholders,
without compromising future  growth.

Excellent Progress on Pillars of Strategic  Plan

Our strategic plan continues to revolve  around  the  three  pillars  we  have previously outlined: driving  continued profitable
growth in our developed  markets, extending  our  reach  into  high-growth  emerging markets,  and scaling  adjacent  business
opportunities. Combining  our expansion  in  Emerging Markets as well  as Adjacent  Businesses,  we  made good progress  in
2016 with shifting  our revenue  mix  in  line  with  2020 plan  goals.  As  noted  in  the  past,  we have  an  objective  to  reach  25%  of
total revenues from  our  higher  growth  portfolio.  Supported by the acquisition  of  Recall, we  are  now  close  to  20%  of  our mix
coming from these  businesses.  As  this  shift  progresses,  we  expect to  see  faster Adjusted  EBITDA growth  and  expansion  in
Return on Invested  Capital  (ROIC).

Improved Performance in Developed Markets

In developed markets,  which includes North American  Records and Information  Management  as  well as North American
Data Management and our  Western European  segment, we continued  to drive  positive  internal  storage  rental  growth  for  the
year with 1.9 million cubic feet of net  new records prior  to  acquisitions.  Our  goal remains  to increase  revenue  growth in
developed markets whilst maintaining  the  exceptional  profitability that is  typical  of  these  markets.  We  aim  to do  this through
ongoing optimization and leveraging our  deep  customer loyalty to add  new  services  and  product lines.  Our  typical  storage-
based customer relationship lasts on average an  extraordinary 50  years, and the average life of  records  stored with us  is
more than 15 years. In other words, every  new box  brought  in  effectively yields an  annuity, which  lasts an average  of
15 years.

Emerging Markets Offer High-growth Potential

In terms of our progress of expanding our business model into faster  growing  emerging markets,  we are  just  shy  of  18%  of
total revenue coming from these markets, a major improvement  from over 10%, just  three  years  ago.  Year-over-year
progress was also supported by acquisitions in four additional new  countries.  We are  driving strong  internal  growth  in  these
markets and have a sizable acquisition pipeline, supporting  our  confidence in  reaching  our goal  of 20% of  total  revenue
from these markets by the end  2020. Despite  the  impact of  the  strong U.S.  dollar on  reported  revenue,  foreign currency
impact at the income level is mitigated  because our expenses  are  denominated in  the  same  local currencies as  our  revenues,
and we are increasingly moving more of our  debt outside the United  States.

Significant Progress in Adjacent Businesses

Today, our adjacent businesses consist  primarily of  our data  center  operations  and  art storage business.  In 2016,  we  achieved
strong topline growth in our data center  business where  we  continued  to  see attractive  complementary opportunities.  In
October, we broke  ground on  our 80-acre site in  Northern  Virginia,  which  remains one of  the  strongest  data center  markets
in the country. We expect to bring the first  of four buildings online  in  the third  quarter  of 2017,  and once  fully built  out,  this
site should more than quintuple our existing data center  capacity. While the construction  is  under way,  we continue to  see
good momentum and are managing the development of  new  space  in  our underground  data center  near  Pittsburgh  to
address new customer  demand as well as growth from  existing customers.  Between  our Boston  facility  and  the  underground
data centers in Pennsylvania and Kansas City, we  continue to see  internal  growth  in excess of  20% in  this  business  area,
albeit off a relatively small base. We  also  solidified our  leadership  position  in  art  storage  with  two tuck-in  acquisitions during
the year, Fairfield and Cirkers. We continue  to  see  opportunities for  consolidation  in  this storage  market  segment.

In conclusion, 2016 was a great year with solid execution  on all  three  pillars of  our  strategic  plan  as well  as  closing  and
successfully integrating Recall, making  Iron  Mountain  the  most  global  of  information management  companies. All  of  these
accomplishments  in  the near  term  support increased sustainable  cash  flow  and our  ability to  grow  the  dividend consistently,
whilst continuing  to  de-lever,  and even  more importantly,  longer  term,  they  provide  us with an enhanced strategic  position.

Yours sincerely,

9OCT201511395301

William L. Meaney, President and Chief  Executive  Officer

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
____________________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-K
____________________________________________________________________________

(Mark One)

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2016
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                                  to
Commission File Number 1-13045
____________________________________________________________________________
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)
 One Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts
(Address of principal executive offices)

23-2588479
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 02110
(Zip Code)

617-535-4766
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class
Common Stock, $.01 par value per share

Name of Exchange on Which Registered
New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes 

    No 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the 

Act. Yes 

    No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities 

Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and 
(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes 

    No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every 
Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for 
such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes 

    No 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will 

not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of 
this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a small 
reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the 
Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer 
Non-accelerated filer 
 (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Accelerated filer 

Smaller reporting company 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes 

    No 

As of June 30, 2016, the aggregate market value of the Common Stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates of the registrant was 

approximately $10.4 billion based on the closing price on the New York Stock Exchange on such date.

Number of shares of the registrant's Common Stock at February 17, 2017: 263,724,213 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain information required in Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the "Annual Report") is 
incorporated by reference from our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (our "Proxy Statement") to be 
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") within 120 days after the close of the fiscal year ended December 31, 
2016.

 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
2016 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT

Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1.

Business

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2.

Item 3.

Item 4.

Item 5.

Item 6.

Item 7.

Properties

Legal Proceedings

Mine Safety Disclosures

PART II

Market For Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer 
Purchases of Equity Securities

Selected Financial Data

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.

Item 9.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure  

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

Item 9B.

Other Information

Item 10.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

PART III

Item 11.

Item 12.

Item 13.

Item 14.

Item 15.

Item 16.

Executive Compensation

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

PART IV

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

Form 10-K Summary

ii

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29

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33

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78

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168

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
References in this Annual Report to "the Company," "IMI," "Iron Mountain," "we," "us" or "our" include Iron Mountain 
Incorporated, a Delaware corporation, and its predecessor, as applicable, and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context 
indicates otherwise.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We have made statements in this Annual Report that constitute "forward-looking statements" as that term is defined in the 

Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other securities laws. These forward-looking statements concern our 
operations, economic performance, financial condition, goals, beliefs, future growth strategies, investment objectives, plans and 
current expectations, such as our (1) commitment to future dividend payments, (2) expected growth of retention of records 
stored with us from existing customers, (3) expected 2017 consolidated internal storage rental revenue growth rate and capital 
expenditures, (4) expected target leverage ratio, (5) statements made in relation to our acquisition of Recall Holdings Limited 
("Recall") pursuant to the Scheme Implementation Deed, as amended, with Recall (the "Recall Transaction") including the total 
cost to integrate the combined companies, and (6) expected cost savings associated with the Transformation Initiative (as 
defined herein). These forward-looking statements are subject to various known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other 
factors. When we use words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates" or similar expressions, we are making 
forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, 
our expected results may not be achieved, and actual results may differ materially from our expectations. In addition, important 
factors that could cause actual results to differ from expectations include, among others:

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our ability to remain qualified for taxation as a real estate investment trust for United States federal income tax 
purposes ("REIT");
the adoption of alternative technologies and shifts by our customers to storage of data through non-paper based 
technologies;
changes in customer preferences and demand for our storage and information management services;
the cost to comply with current and future laws, regulations and customer demands relating to privacy issues, as 
well as fire and safety standards;
the impact of litigation or disputes that may arise in connection with incidents in which we fail to protect our 
customers' information;
changes in the price for our storage and information management services relative to the cost of providing such 
storage and information management services;
changes in the political and economic environments in the countries in which our international subsidiaries operate;
our ability or inability to complete acquisitions on satisfactory terms and to integrate acquired companies 
efficiently;
changes in the amount of our capital expenditures;
changes in the cost of our debt;
the impact of alternative, more attractive investments on dividends;
the cost or potential liabilities associated with real estate necessary for our business;
the performance of business partners upon whom we depend for technical assistance or management expertise 
outside the United States; and
other trends in competitive or economic conditions affecting our financial condition or results of operations not 
presently contemplated.

Other risks may adversely impact us, as described more fully under "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of this Annual Report.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements except as statements of our present intentions and of our present 

expectations, which may or may not occur. You should read these cautionary statements as being applicable to all forward-
looking statements wherever they appear. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to release publicly the result of 
any revision to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to 
reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures 
we have made in this document, as well as our other periodic reports filed with the SEC.

iii

(This page has been left blank intentionally.)

Item 1. Business.   

Business Overview

We store records, primarily physical records and data backup media, and provide information management services that 

help organizations around the world protect their information, lower storage rental costs, comply with regulations, enable 
corporate disaster recovery, and better use their information for business advantages, regardless of its format, location or life 
cycle stage. We offer comprehensive records and information management services and data management services, along with 
the expertise and experience to address complex storage and information management challenges such as rising storage rental 
costs, and increased litigation, regulatory compliance and disaster recovery requirements. Founded in an underground facility 
near Hudson, New York in 1951, Iron Mountain Incorporated, a Delaware corporation, has more than 230,000 customers in a 
variety of industries in 45 countries around the world as of December 31, 2016. We currently provide storage and information 
management services to commercial, legal, financial, healthcare, insurance, life sciences, energy, businesses services, 
entertainment and government organizations, including approximately 95% of the Fortune 1000. As of December 31, 2016, we 
employed more than 24,000 people.

Now in our 66th year, we have experienced tremendous growth, particularly since successfully completing the initial 
public offering of our common stock in February 1996, at which time we operated fewer than 85 facilities (6 million square 
feet) with limited storage and information management service offerings and annual revenues of approximately $104.0 million. 
We are now a global enterprise providing storage and a broad range of related records and information management services to 
customers in markets around the world with over 1,400 facilities (86.2 million square feet) and total revenues of more than 
$3.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2016. We are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") and on the 
Australian Stock Exchange ("ASX"). We are a constituent of the Standard & Poor's 500 Index and the MSCI REIT index and, 
as of December 31, 2016, we were number 730 on the Fortune 1000.

We have been organized and operating as a REIT effective for our taxable year beginning January 1, 2014.

Our financial model is based on the recurring nature of our storage rental revenues and resulting storage net operating 

income. Supported by consistent and predictable storage rental revenues, we generate durable, low-volatility growth. This 
fundamental financial characteristic provides stability throughout economic cycles. Since May 2012, we have returned 
$3.0 billion of capital to stockholders including $1.9 billion in cash and $1.1 billion in our common stock.

Recall Acquisition

On May 2, 2016 (Sydney, Australia time), we completed the Recall Transaction. At the closing of the Recall Transaction, 
we paid approximately $331.8 million in cash and issued approximately 50.2 million shares of our common stock which, based 
on the closing price of our common stock as of April 29, 2016 (the last day of trading on the NYSE prior to the closing of the 
Recall Transaction) of $36.53 per share, resulted in a total purchase price to Recall shareholders of approximately $2,166.9 
million.

The Durability of Our Business

A significant amount of activity generated in the information management industry is the result of legislative 
requirements. To varying degrees across the world, organizations are required by law to create certain records and to retain 
them for a specified period of time. These laws may also impose more stringent requirements on personal information regarded 
as being sensitive, such as financial and medical information. As a third party provider, we assist customers to improve data 
security and establish programs to ensure compliance with their regulatory obligations. Storage of information can be 
performed in-house by businesses (unvended) or outsourced, in whole or in part, to a third party provider (vended). We believe 
the in-house portion still represents a majority of the total global information management market, offering a substantial 
unvended opportunity even in developed geographic markets with lower rates of economic growth.

1

We believe that the creation of document-based information will be sustained, as "paperless" technologies have prompted 

the creation of hard copies and have also led to increased demand for electronic records services, such as the storage and off-
site rotation of computer backup media. In addition, we believe that the proliferation of digital information technologies and 
distributed data networks has created a growing need for efficient, cost-effective, high quality technology solutions for 
electronic data protection and the management of electronic documents. Ultimately, we expect that the volume of stored 
physical and electronic records will continue to increase on a global basis for a number of reasons, including: (1) regulatory 
requirements; (2) concerns over possible future litigation and the resulting increases in volume and holding periods of records; 
(3) the continued growth in data as a result of enhanced data processing technologies; (4) inexpensive document producing 
technologies; (5) the high cost of reviewing records and deciding whether to retain or destroy them; (6) the failure of many 
entities to adopt or follow policies on records destruction; and (7) the need to keep backup copies of certain records in off-site 
locations for business continuity purposes in the event of disaster. 

Business Strategy

Overview

We have transitioned from a growth strategy driven primarily by acquisitions of storage and information management 

services companies to a strategy that targets multiple sources of revenue growth. Our current strategy is focused on: 
(1) increasing revenues in developed markets such as the United States, Canada, Australia and western Europe, primarily 
through improved sales and marketing efforts and attractive fold-in acquisitions; (2) establishing and enhancing leadership 
positions in high-growth emerging markets such as central and eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia, primarily through 
acquisitions; and (3) continuing to identify, incubate and scale adjacent business opportunities ("ABOs") to support our      
long-term growth objectives and drive solid returns on invested capital. In our developed markets, we expect continuous 
improvement initiatives will generate modest profit growth. In our existing emerging markets, we expect profits will grow as 
the local businesses scale, and we will look to reinvest a portion of that improvement to support the growth of these businesses.  

Storage rental is the key driver of our economics and allows us to expand our relationships with our customers through 

value-added services that flow from storage rental. Consistent with our overall strategy, we are focused on increasing incoming 
volumes on a global basis. There are multiple sources of new volumes available to us, and these sources inform our growth 
investment strategy. Our investments in sales and marketing support sales to new customers that do not currently outsource 
some or all of their storage and information management needs, as well as increased volumes from existing customers. We also 
expect to invest in acquisitions of customer relationships and storage and information management services businesses. In our 
developed markets, we expect that these acquisitions will primarily be fold-in acquisitions designed to optimize the utilization 
of existing assets, expand our presence and better serve customers. We also expect to use acquisitions to expand our presence in 
attractive, higher growth emerging markets. Finally, we continue to pursue new rental streams through ABOs.

We offer our customers an integrated value proposition by providing them with secure storage and comprehensive service 

offerings, including records and information management services and data management services. We have the expertise and 
experience to address complex storage and information management challenges, such as rising storage rental costs, increased 
litigation, regulatory compliance and disaster recovery requirements. Our objective is to continue to capitalize on our brand, 
our expertise in the storage and information management industry and our global network to enhance our customers' 
experience, thereby maintaining our strong customer retention rates and attracting new customers. Our overall growth strategy 
will focus on growing our business organically, making strategic customer acquisitions, pursuing acquisitions of storage and 
information management businesses, developing adjacent businesses (organically and through acquisitions) and optimizing our 
real estate portfolio. We continue to expand our portfolio of products and services, based on our customers' evolving 
requirements. Adding new products and services allows us to strengthen our existing customer relationships and attract new 
customers in previously untapped markets.

Growth from Existing and New Customers

Our existing customers' storage of physical records contributes to the growth of storage rental and certain records and 

information management services revenues because, on average, our existing customers generate additional records at a faster 
rate than old records are destroyed or permanently removed. The absolute number of new document storage cartons from our 
existing customers has been consistent in the past five years, and we anticipate that this level will be sustained, although the 
rate of growth from existing customers is slightly declining, given the continued growth in our total records volume. In order to 
maximize growth opportunities from existing customers, we seek to maintain high levels of customer retention by providing 
premium customer service.

2

Our sales coverage model is designed to identify and capitalize on incremental revenue opportunities by strategically 

allocating our sales resources to our customer base and selling additional storage, records and information management 
services and products in new and existing markets. Our sales force is dedicated to three primary objectives: (1) establishing 
new customer account relationships; (2) generating additional revenue by expanding existing customer relationships globally; 
and (3) expanding new and existing customer relationships by effectively selling a wide array of related services and products. 
In order to accomplish these objectives, our sales forces draw on our United States and international marketing organizations 
and senior management. We have developed tailored marketing strategies to target customers in the healthcare, financial, 
insurance, legal, life sciences, energy, business services and federal vertical market segments.

Growth through Acquisitions

The storage and information management services industry is highly fragmented with thousands of competitors in North 
America and around the world. Between 1995 and 2004 there was significant consolidation in the industry. Acquisitions were a 
fast and efficient way to achieve scale, expand geographically and broaden service offerings. After 2004, our acquisition 
activity was reduced as we focused on integrating these recent transactions and diversifying the business. Beginning again in 
2012, we saw opportunities for attractive acquisitions in emerging markets and consolidation opportunities in more developed 
markets, and resumed acquisition activity. We believe this ongoing acquisition activity is due to opportunities for large 
providers to achieve economies of scale and meet customer demands for sophisticated, technology-based solutions. Attractive 
acquisition opportunities, in North America and internationally, continue to exist, and we expect to continue to pursue 
acquisition of these businesses where we believe they present good returns and good opportunities to create value for our 
stockholders. Lastly, we have a successful record of acquiring and integrating these businesses.

We have acquired, and we continue to seek to acquire, storage and information management services businesses in 
developed markets including the United States, Canada, Australia and western Europe. Given the relatively small size of most 
attractive acquisition targets in these markets, future acquisitions are expected to be less significant to our overall revenue 
growth in these markets than in the past.  

On May 2, 2016, we completed the acquisition of Recall for approximately $2,166.9 million. In connection with the 
Recall Transaction, we acquired the entirety of Recall's global operations, including all facilities, vehicles, employees and 
customer assets (excluding certain operations of Recall that we were required to divest subsequent to the closing of the Recall 
Transaction in accordance with agreements with regulatory authorities in the United States, Canada, Australia and the United 
Kingdom). We believe the acquisition of Recall accelerates our already successful growth strategy. After the Recall 
Transaction, with our broader footprint, stronger infrastructure, increased exposure to high growth emerging markets and small 
to mid-size enterprise customers, and increased economies of scale, we believe we will be well suited to address unmet 
document storage and information management needs around the globe. 

We expect to continue to make acquisitions and investments in storage and information management services businesses 
in targeted emerging markets outside the United States, Canada, Australia and western Europe. We have acquired and invested 
in, and seek to acquire and invest in, storage and information management services companies in certain countries, and, more 
specifically, certain markets within such countries, where we believe there is potential for significant growth. We expect that 
future acquisitions and investments in our emerging markets will focus primarily on expanding priority markets in central and 
eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia.

The experience, depth and strength of local management are particularly important to our emerging market acquisition 
strategy. Since beginning our international expansion program in January 1999, we have, directly and through joint ventures, 
expanded our operations such that, as of December 31, 2016, we operated in 45 countries. These transactions have taken, and 
may continue to take, the form of acquisitions of an entire business or controlling or minority investments with a long-term 
goal of full ownership. We believe a joint venture strategy, rather than an outright acquisition, may, in certain markets, better 
position us to expand the existing business. Our local partners benefit from our expertise in the storage and information 
management services industry, our multinational customer relationships, our access to capital and our technology, while we 
benefit from our local partners' knowledge of the market, relationships with local customers and their presence in the 
community. In addition to the criteria we use to evaluate developed market acquisition candidates, when looking at an emerging 
market acquisition, we also evaluate risks uniquely associated with an international investment, including those risks described 
below. Our long-term goal is generally to acquire full ownership of each business in which we make a joint venture investment. 
We now own more than 98% of our international operations, measured as a percentage of consolidated revenues.

Our emerging market investments are subject to risks and uncertainties relating to the indigenous political, social, 

regulatory, tax and economic structures of other countries, as well as fluctuations in currency valuation, exchange controls, 
expropriation and governmental policies limiting returns to foreign investors.

3

Growth through ABOs

ABOs, such as our data center and fine art storage businesses, are prospective business lines that we consider investing in 
to grow and diversify our business. We are seeking businesses with long-term, recurring revenue, preferably with storage rental 
attributes, which are consistent with, and will enhance, our REIT structure. A dedicated team is focused on identifying and 
evaluating these opportunities. We have developed an innovation process that enables us to cautiously and effectively develop 
these ABOs to leverage our capabilities. If we are able to demonstrate success and meet return thresholds, we may acquire 
businesses to further accelerate our growth in the relevant ABO. Importantly, the ABO process includes financial hurdles and 
decision gates to help us evaluate whether we scale or discontinue investments in these opportunities, consistent with our 
disciplined approach to capital allocation.

With respect to our data center business, we believe that the growth rate of critical digital information is accelerating, 
driven in part by the use of the Internet as a distribution and transaction medium. The rising cost and increasing importance of 
storing and managing digital information, coupled with the increasing availability of telecommunications bandwidth at lower 
costs, may create meaningful opportunities for us to provide solutions to our customers with respect to their digital records 
storage and management challenges.

On December 1, 2015 we completed the acquisition of Crozier Fine Arts ("Crozier"), a storage, logistics and 

transportation business for high-value paintings, photographs and other types of art belonging to individual collectors, galleries 
and art museums. Crozier is a leader in art storage and an industry advocate for worldwide standards. This acquisition builds 
upon our expertise in storing, protecting and managing high-value items and supports our strategy to leverage our real estate 
network to accelerate growth. In addition, in June 2016, we acquired the assets of Fairfield Fine Arts (“Fairfield”), an art 
storage and handling company. In connection with the Fairfield acquisition, we acquired all of Fairfield’s customer 
relationships and its state-of-the-art 10,000 square foot storage facility in Ridgefield, Connecticut. 

The fine art storage industry is a growing, but fragmented, industry marked by increasing international interest and 
changes in purchasing habits by collectors and museums. The increase in contemporary art as a focus for collectors has caused 
a spike in storage needs, while the increase in auction “turnover” - the rate at which catalogs, collections and individual pieces 
are made available for auction - has heightened the need for transportation, shipping, and related services. Taken together, we 
believe these factors have the fine art storage industry poised for significant growth.

Business Characteristics

We generate our revenues by renting storage space to a large and diverse customer base around the globe and providing 

an expanding menu of related and ancillary products and services. Providing outsourced storage is the mainstay of our 
customer relationships and serves as the foundation for the majority of our revenue growth. Services are a complementary part 
of a comprehensive records management program and consist primarily of the handling and transportation of stored records and 
information, shredding, the scanning, imaging and document conversion services of active and inactive records ("Information 
Governance and Digital Solutions ") (formerly referred to as Document Management Solutions), data restoration projects, the 
storage, assembly, reporting and delivery of customer marketing literature, or fulfillment services, consulting services, product 
sales (including specially designed storage containers and related supplies), technology escrow services, and recurring project 
revenues. 

Secure Storage

Our storage operations, our largest source of revenue, consist of providing non-dedicated storage rental space to our 
customers. Non-dedicated space allows our customers to increase or decrease the volume of their physical storage over the life 
of the contract based on their storage needs, while also reducing their risk of loss in the event of natural disaster. Given this 
non-dedicated space dynamic, the large portfolio of customer contracts, and the fact that no customer accounted for more than 
1% of our consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016, we assess the performance of our storage rental 
business predominantly by analyzing trends in segment-level storage rental volume and storage rental revenue. Additionally, 
our storage operations include technology escrow services. 

Records storage consists primarily of the archival storage of records for long periods of time according to applicable 

laws, regulations and industry best practices. The secure off-site storage of data backup media is a key component of a 
company's disaster recovery and business continuity programs. Storage rental charges are generally billed monthly on a per 
storage unit basis and include the provision of space, racking systems, computerized inventory and activity tracking, and 
physical security.

4

Physical Records Storage

Physical records may be broadly divided into two categories: active and inactive. Active records relate to ongoing and 

recently completed activities or contain information that is frequently referenced. Active records are usually stored and 
managed on-site by their owners to ensure ready availability. Inactive physical records are the principal focus of the storage and 
information management services industry and consist of those records that are not needed for immediate access but which 
must be retained for legal, regulatory and compliance reasons or for occasional reference in support of ongoing business 
operations. Inactive physical records are typically stored in cartons packed by the customer for long periods of time with 
limited activity. For some customers, we store individual files on an open shelf basis as these files are typically more active. 

Physical records may also include critical or irreplaceable data such as master audio and video recordings, film, fine art 
and other highly proprietary information, such as energy data. We continue to identify additional areas of physical storage that 
fit with our core competencies in security and transportation, seeking to provide enterprise storage to businesses in much the 
same manner that self-storage companies serve consumers. Physical records may require special facilities, either because of the 
data they contain or the media on which they are recorded. Accordingly, our charges for providing enhanced security and 
special climate-controlled environments for these vital records are higher than for typical storage rental.   

Electronic Records Storage

Electronic records management focuses on the storage of, and related services for, computer media that is either a backup 

copy of recently processed data or archival in nature. Computer tapes, cartridges and disk packs are transported off-site by our 
courier operations on a scheduled basis to secure, climate-controlled facilities, where they are available to customers 24 hours a 
day, 365 days a year, to facilitate data recovery in the event of a disaster. Frequently, backup tapes are rotated from our facilities 
back to our customers' data centers. We also manage tape library relocations and support disaster recovery testing and 
execution. Electronic storage consists of (i) storage and rotation of backup computer media as part of corporate disaster 
recovery plans; (ii) server and computer backup services; (iii) digital content repository systems to house, distribute, and 
archive key media assets; and (iv) storage, safeguarding and electronic or physical delivery of physical media of all types, 
primarily for entertainment and media industry clients.

We believe the issues encountered by customers trying to manage their electronic records are similar to the ones they face 

in their physical records management programs and consist primarily of: (1) storage capacity and the preservation of data; 
(2) access to and control over the data in a secure environment; and (3) the need to retain electronic records due to regulatory 
requirements or for litigation support. Customer needs for data backup and recovery and archiving are distinctively different 
from the storage of physical records. Backup data exists because of the need of many businesses to be able to recover their data 
in the event of a system failure, casualty loss or other disaster. It is customary (and a best practice) for data processing groups to 
rotate backup tapes to offsite locations on a regular basis and to store multiple copies of such information at multiple sites. We 
expect continued increase in demand for computer media backup, as it provides off-line storage or storage that is not connected 
to the Internet and provides superior protection against data breaches and hacks. In addition to the physical storage and rotation 
of backup data that we provide, we offer online backup services through partnerships as an alternative way for businesses to 
store and access data. Online backup is an Internet-based service that automatically backs up computer data from servers or 
directly from desktop and laptop computers over the Internet and stores it in secure data centers.

Service Offerings

Complementary to any records management program is the handling and transportation and the eventual destruction of 

records upon the expiration of retention periods. These activities are accomplished through our complementary service and 
courier operations. Service charges are generally assessed for each activity on a per unit basis. Courier operations consist 
primarily of the pickup and delivery of records upon customer request. Charges for courier services are based on urgency of 
delivery, volume and location and are billed monthly. As of December 31, 2016, our courier fleet consisted of approximately 
4,500 owned or leased vehicles. Our other services include information destruction services (primarily secure shredding)
("Destruction"), Information Governance and Digital Solutions, Compliant Records Management and Consulting Services, and 
other ancillary services.

5

Information Destruction Services

Our Destruction services consist primarily of (1) secure shredding operations which typically include the scheduled pick-

up of loose office records that customers accumulate in specially designed secure containers we provide and (2) secure 
information technology asset destruction. In addition, secure shredding is a natural extension of our hard copy records 
management services by completing the lifecycle of a record and involves the shredding of sensitive documents for customers 
that, in many cases, store their records with us. Complementary to our shredding operations is the sale of the resultant waste 
paper to third-party recyclers. Through a combination of plant-based shredding operations and mobile shredding units 
consisting of custom built trucks, we are able to offer secure shredding services to our customers throughout the United States, 
Canada, Australia, and Latin America.  

Information Governance and Digital Solutions

The focus of our Information Governance and Digital Solutions business is to develop, implement and support 
comprehensive storage and information management solutions for the complete lifecycle of our customers' information. We 
seek to develop solutions that solve our customers' document management challenges by integrating the management of 
physical records, document conversion and digital storage. Our Information Governance and Digital Solutions services 
complement our service offerings and enhance our existing customer relationships. We differentiate our offerings from our 
competitors by providing solutions that complement and expand our existing portfolio of products and services. The trend 
towards increased usage of Electronic Document Management ("EDM") systems represents another opportunity for us to 
manage active records. Our Information Governance and Digital Solutions services provide the bridge between customers' 
physical documents and their EDM solutions.

Industry Tailored Services

We offer records and information management services that have been tailored for specific industries, such as healthcare, 
or to address the needs of customers with more specific requirements based on the critical nature of their records. For example, 
medical records tend to be more active in nature and are typically stored on specialized open shelving systems that provide 
easier access to individual files. In addition to storing medical records, we provide health care information services, which 
include the handling, filing, processing and retrieval of medical records used by hospitals, private practitioners and other 
medical institutions, as well as recurring project work and ancillary services. Our industry tailored services include Health 
Information Management Solutions, Entertainment Services and Energy Data Services. 

Other Ancillary Services

Other services we provide include recurring project work, which involves the on-site removal of aged patient files and 
related computerized file indexing. Ancillary healthcare information services include release of information (medical record 
copying and delivery), temporary staffing, contract coding, facilities management and imaging. We offer a variety of additional 
services which customers may request or contract for on an individual basis. These services include conducting records 
inventories, packing records into cartons or other containers, and creating computerized indices of files and individual 
documents. We also provide services for the management of active records programs. We can provide these services, which 
generally include document and file processing and storage, both offsite at our own facilities and by supplying our own 
personnel to perform management functions on-site at a customer's premises. Other services that we provide include fulfillment 
services and Compliant Records Management and Consulting Services. 

6

Business Segments

Our North American Records and Information Management Business, North American Data Management Business, 
Western European Business and our Other International Business segments offer storage and the information management 
services discussed above, in their respective geographies. The amount of revenues derived from our North American Records 
and Information Management Business, North American Data Management Business, Western European Business, Other 
International Business and Corporate and Other Business segments and other relevant data, including financial information 
about geographic areas and product and service lines, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, are set forth in 
Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.

North American Records and Information Management Business

Our North American Records and Information Management Business segment provides records and information 
management services, including the storage of physical records, including media such as microfilm and microfiche, master 
audio and videotapes, film, X-rays and blueprints, including healthcare information services, vital records services, service and 
courier operations, and the collection, handling and disposal of sensitive documents for corporate customers (“Records 
Management”); Destruction; and Information Governance and Digital Solutions throughout the United States and Canada; as 
well as fulfillment services and technology escrow services in the United States. 

North American Data Management Business

Our North American Data Management Business segment provides storage and rotation of backup computer media as 

part of corporate disaster recovery plans, including service and courier operations (“Data Protection & Recovery”); server and 
computer backup services; digital content repository systems to house, distribute, and archive key media assets; and storage, 
safeguarding and electronic or physical delivery of physical media of all types, primarily for entertainment and media industry 
clients, throughout the United States and Canada.

Western European Business

Our Western European Business segment provides records and information management services, including Records 

Management, Data Protection & Recovery and Information Governance and Digital Solutions throughout Austria, Belgium, 
France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (consisting of our operations in 
England, Northern Ireland and Scotland), as well as Information Governance and Digital Solutions in Sweden (the remainder of 
our business in Sweden is included in the Other International Business segment described below). 

Other International Business

Our Other International Business segment provides records and information management services throughout the 
remaining European countries in which we operate, Latin America, Asia Pacific and Africa. Our European operations included 
in this segment provide records and information management services, including Records Management, Data Protection & 
Recovery and Information Governance and Digital Solutions throughout the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, 
Hungary, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey and Ukraine; Records Management and Information 
Governance and Digital Solutions in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; and Records Management in Sweden. Our Latin America 
operations provide records and information management services, including Records Management, Data Protection & 
Recovery, Destruction and Information Governance and Digital Solutions throughout Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, 
Mexico and Peru. Our Asia Pacific operations provide records and information management services, including Records 
Management, Data Protection & Recovery, Destruction and Information Governance and Digital Solutions throughout 
Australia and New Zealand, with Records Management and Data Protection & Recovery also provided in certain markets in 
China (including Taiwan), Hong Kong-SAR, India, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Our African operations provide Records 
Management, Data Protection & Recovery and Information Governance and Digital Solutions in South Africa. 

Corporate and Other Business

Our Corporate and Other Business segment primarily consists of our data center and fine art storage businesses in the 
United States, the primary product offerings of our Adjacent Businesses operating segment, as well as costs related to executive 
and staff functions, including finance, human resources and information technology, which benefit the enterprise as a whole. 
These costs are primarily related to the general management of these functions on a corporate level and the design and 
development of programs, policies and procedures that are then implemented in the individual segments, with each segment 
bearing its own cost of implementation. Our Corporate and Other Business segment also includes stock-based employee 
compensation expense associated with all stock options, restricted stock units, performance units and shares of stock issued 
under our employee stock purchase plan.

7

Our Business Fundamentals

Our business fundamentals are based on the recurring nature of our various revenue streams. We generate attractive 
returns from our differentiated storage rental business model because our occupancy costs, whether in a leased or owned 
building, are incurred per square foot while our storage revenue is generally earned per cubic foot. The historical predictability 
of our revenues and the resulting profitability allows us to operate with a high degree of financial leverage. Our business 
fundamentals consist of:

•  Recurring Revenues.  We derive a majority of our consolidated revenues from fixed periodic, usually monthly, storage 
rental fees charged to customers based on the volume of their records stored. Once a customer places physical records 
in storage with us, and until those records are destroyed or permanently removed (for which we typically receive a 
service fee), we receive recurring payments for storage rental without incurring additional labor or marketing expenses 
or significant capital costs. Similarly, contracts for the storage of electronic backup media involve primarily fixed 
monthly rental payments. This stable and growing storage rental revenue base also provides the foundation for 
increases in service revenues and profitability.

A customer is allocated a certain amount of storage space in our storage facilities but is not allocated a dedicated 
building or space in a particular building. In practice, we can, and sometimes will, for a variety of reasons, move 
records from one facility and into another facility. In order to track net move-in and move-out activity of customer 
materials, as well as to assess the optimization of our real estate portfolio, we regularly assess the utilization of our 
overall real estate portfolio. On a per building basis, we compare the amount of racking that is being used to store 
customer materials to the capacity of the entire building assuming it was fully racked ("Total Building Utilization"). 
Additionally, we compare the amount of racking that is being used to store customer materials to the capacity of the 
racking that has been installed ("Total Racking Utilization"). As of December 31, 2016, our Total Building Utilization 
and Total Racking Utilization were approximately 92% and 85%, respectively, for our records management business 
and our Total Building Utilization and Total Racking Utilization, excluding the impact of the Recall Transaction, were 
approximately 82% and 71%, respectively, for our data management business. The Total Building Utilization and 
Total Racking Utilization for our data management business as of December 31, 2016 excludes the impact of the 
Recall Transaction, as Recall's unit of measurement for computer media is not consistent with ours. As part of the 
integration of Recall, we are in the process of converting Recall's unit of measurement for computer media to be 
consistent with ours to enable us to report both Total Building Utilization and Total Racking Utilization, including 
Recall, for our data management business.

We occasionally offer inducements to our customers in order to generate new business opportunities. Such 
inducements most commonly come in the form of providing free intake costs to transport a customer's records to one 
of our facilities, including labor and transportation costs ("Move Costs"), or payments that are made to a customer's 
current records management vendor in order to terminate the customer's existing contract with that vendor, or direct 
payments to a customer ("Permanent Withdrawal Fees"). We capitalize Move Costs and Permanent Withdrawal Fees 
(collectively, "Customer Inducements") as customer acquisition costs.

•  Historically Non-Cyclical Storage Rental Business.  Historically, we have not experienced significant reductions in 

our storage rental business as a result of economic downturns. We believe the durability of our storage rental business 
is driven by a number of factors, including the trend toward increased records retention, albeit at a lower rate of 
growth, as well as customer satisfaction with our services and contractual net price increases. The absolute number of 
new document storage cartons from our existing customers has been consistent in the past five years, and we 
anticipate this level will be sustained, although the rate of growth is slightly declining, given the continued growth in 
the total records volume. Total net volume growth, including acquisitions, was approximately 4%, 2% and 26% on a 
global basis for 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The total net volume growth in 2016 was primarily driven by the 
impact of the Recall Transaction. 

•  Diversified and Stable Customer Base.  As of December 31, 2016, we had more than 230,000 customers in a variety of 
industries in 45 countries around the world. We currently provide storage and information management services to 
commercial, legal, financial, healthcare, insurance, life sciences, energy, businesses services, entertainment and 
government organizations, including approximately 95% of the Fortune 1000. No single customer accounted for more 
than 1% of our consolidated revenues in any of the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016. For each of the 
three years 2014 through 2016, the average annual volume reduction due to customers terminating their relationship 
with us was approximately 2%.

8

•  Capital Allocation.  All the characteristics of our business noted above support the durability of our cash flows, which 
in turn support our dividends and a portion of our investments. Absent a large acquisition or significant investments in 
real estate, we typically generate cash flows to support our dividends, maintain our operations and infrastructure and 
invest in core growth opportunities. We plan on funding acquisitions, ABO investments and real estate investments 
primarily through incremental borrowings, proceeds from real estate sales and/or proceeds from the issuance of debt 
or equity securities, dependent on market conditions. Below are descriptions of the major types of investments and 
other capital expenditures that we have made in recent years or that we are likely to consider in 2017:

Real Estate:

• 

• 

Real estate assets that support core business growth primarily related to investments in land, buildings, 
building improvements, leasehold improvements and racking structures that expand our revenue capacity in 
existing or new geographies, replace a long-term operational obligation or create operational efficiencies, or 
Real Estate Investment.

Real estate assets necessary to maintain ongoing business operations primarily related to the repair or 
replacement of real estate assets such as buildings, building improvements, leasehold improvements and 
racking structures, or Real Estate Maintenance.

Non-Real Estate:

• 

• 

Non-real estate assets that either (i) support the growth of our business, and/or increase our profitability, 
such as customer-inventory technology systems, and technology service storage and processing capacity, or 
(ii) are directly related to the development of core products or services in support of our integrated value 
proposition and enhance our leadership position in the industry, including items such as increased feature 
functionality, security upgrades or system enhancements, or Non-Real Estate Investment.

Non-real estate assets necessary to maintain ongoing business operations primarily related to the repair or 
replacement of customer-facing assets such as containers and shred bins, warehouse equipment, fixtures, 
computer hardware, or third-party or internally-developed software assets. This category also includes 
operational support initiatives such as sales and marketing and information technology projects to support 
infrastructure requirements, or Non-Real Estate Maintenance.

The following table presents our capital spend for 2014, 2015 and 2016 organized by the type of the spending as 

described above:

Nature of Capital Spend (in thousands)
Real Estate:
Investment
Maintenance

Total Real Estate Capital Spend

Non-Real Estate:

Investment
Maintenance

Total Non-Real Estate Capital Spend

Total Capital Spend (on accrual basis)
Net (decrease)/increase in prepaid capital expenditures

Net decrease/(increase) accrued capital expenditures
Total Capital Spend (on cash basis)

Competition

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

$

$

199,663
57,574
257,237

$

170,742
52,826
223,568

203,778
63,543
267,321

55,991
19,527
75,518

47,964
23,396
71,360

332,755
(2,455)
31,624
361,924

$

294,928
(362)
(4,317)
290,249

$

50,954
20,799
71,753

339,074
374
(10,845)
328,603

We are a global leader in the physical storage and information management services industry with operations in 45 

countries as of December 31, 2016. We compete with our current and potential customers' internal storage and information 
management services capabilities. 

9

 
We also compete with numerous storage and information management services providers in every geographic area where 

we operate. The physical storage and information management services industry is highly competitive and includes thousands 
of competitors in North America and around the world. We believe that competition for customers is based on price, reputation 
for reliability, quality and security of storage, quality of service and scope and scale of technology, and we believe we generally 
compete effectively in each of these areas.

Alternative Technologies

We derive most of our revenues from rental fees for the storage of physical records and computer backup tapes and from 

storage related services. Alternative storage technologies exist, many of which require significantly less space than physical 
documents and tapes, and as alternative technologies are adopted, storage related services may decline as the physical records 
or tapes we store become less active and more archived. To date, none of the alternative technologies has replaced physical 
documents as the primary means for storing information. We continue to provide, primarily through partnerships, additional 
services such as online backup, designed to address our customers' need for efficient, cost-effective, high-quality solutions for 
electronic records and storage and information management.

Employees

As of December 31, 2016, we employed more than 8,500 employees in the United States and more than 15,500 
employees outside of the United States. At December 31, 2016, approximately 700 employees were represented by unions in 
North America (in California, Illinois, Georgia, New Jersey and Pennsylvania and three provinces in Canada) and 
approximately 3,800 employees were represented by unions in Latin America (in Argentina, Brazil and Chile). 

All union and non-union employees are generally eligible to participate in our benefit programs, which include medical, 
dental, life, short and long-term disability, retirement/401(k) and accidental death and dismemberment plans. Certain unionized 
employees in California receive these types of benefits through their unions and are not eligible to participate in our benefit 
programs. In addition to base compensation and other usual benefits, a significant portion of full-time employees participate in 
some form of incentive-based compensation program that provides payments based on revenues, profits or attainment of 
specified objectives for the unit in which they work. Management believes that we have good relationships with our employees 
and unions. All union employees are currently under renewed labor agreements or operating under an extension agreement.

Insurance and Contractual Limitations on Liability

For strategic risk transfer purposes, we maintain a comprehensive insurance program with insurers that we believe to be 
reputable and that have adequate capitalization in amounts that we believe to be appropriate. Property insurance is purchased 
on a comprehensive basis, including flood and earthquake (including excess coverage), subject to certain policy conditions, 
sublimits and deductibles. Property is insured based upon the replacement cost of real and personal property, including 
leasehold improvements, business income loss and extra expense. Other types of insurance that we carry, which are also subject 
to certain policy conditions, sublimits and deductibles, include medical, workers' compensation, general liability, umbrella, 
automobile, professional, warehouse legal liability and directors' and officers' liability policies.

Our customer contracts typically contain provisions limiting our liability for damages regarding the loss or destruction of, 

or damage to, records or information stored with us. Our liability for physical storage is often limited to a nominal fixed 
amount per item or unit of storage, such as per cubic foot, and our liability for Information Governance and Digital Solutions, 
Destruction and other services unrelated to records stored with us is often limited to a percentage of annual revenue under the 
contract; however, some of our contracts with large volume accounts and some of the contracts assumed in our acquisitions 
contain no such limits or higher limits. We can provide no assurance that our limitation of liability provisions will be 
enforceable in all instances or, if enforceable, that they would otherwise protect us from liability. In addition to provisions 
limiting our liability, our customer contracts generally include a schedule setting forth the majority of the customer-specific 
terms, including storage rental and service pricing and service delivery terms. Our customers may dispute the interpretation of 
various provisions in their contracts. In the past, we have had relatively few disputes with our customers regarding the terms of 
their customer contracts, and most disputes to date have not been material, but we can provide no assurance that we will not 
have material disputes in the future. Moreover, as a larger percentage of our growth is driven by acquisitions and customer 
contracts assumed in acquisitions (including the customer contracts assumed in the Recall Transaction) make up a 
commensurately larger percentage of our customer contracts, our exposure to contracts with higher or no limitations of liability 
and disputes with customers over the interpretation of their contracts may increase. Although we maintain a comprehensive 
insurance program, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to maintain insurance policies on acceptable terms in 
order to cover losses to us in connection with customer contract disputes.

10

Environmental Matters

Some of our current and formerly owned or leased properties were previously used by entities other than us for industrial 
or other purposes, or were affected by waste generated from nearby properties, that involved the use, storage, generation and/or 
disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, including petroleum products. In some instances, this prior use involved the 
operation of underground storage tanks or the presence of asbestos-containing materials. Where we are aware of environmental 
conditions that require remediation, we undertake appropriate activity, in accordance with all legal requirements. Although we 
have from time to time conducted limited environmental investigations and remedial activities at some of our former and 
current facilities, we have not undertaken an in-depth environmental review of all of our properties, including those acquired in 
the Recall Transaction and other acquisitions we have completed. We therefore may be potentially liable for environmental cost 
and may be unable to sell, rent, mortgage or use contaminated real estate owned or leased by us. Under various federal, state 
and local environmental laws, we may be liable for environmental compliance and remediation costs to address contamination, 
if any, located at owned and leased properties as well as damages arising from such contamination, whether or not we know of, 
or were responsible for, the contamination, or the contamination occurred while we owned or leased the property. 
Environmental conditions for which we might be liable may also exist at properties that we may acquire in the future. In 
addition, future regulatory action and environmental laws may impose costs for environmental compliance that do not exist 
today.

We transfer a portion of our risk of financial loss due to currently undetected environmental matters by purchasing an 
environmental impairment liability insurance policy, which covers all owned and leased locations. Coverage is provided for 
both liability and remediation costs.

Corporate Responsibility

We are committed to transparent reporting on sustainability and corporate responsibility efforts in accordance with the 

guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative. Our corporate responsibility report highlights our progress against key measures 
of success for our efforts in the community, our environment, and for our people. We are a trusted partner to approximately 
95% of the Fortune 1000. Iron Mountain is a member of the FTSE4 Good Index, Dow Jones Sustainability Index, MSCI World 
ESG Index, MSCI ACWI ESG Index and MSCI USA IMI ESG Index, each of which include companies that meet globally 
recognized corporate responsibility standards. A copy of our corporate responsibility report is available on the "About Us" 
section of our website, www.ironmountain.com, under the heading "Corporate Social Responsibility."

Internet Website

Our Internet address is www.ironmountain.com. Under the "About Us" section on our Internet website, under the heading 

"Investors", we make available, free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our 
Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") as soon as reasonably practicable after such forms are filed with or 
furnished to the SEC. We are not including the information contained on or available through our website as a part of, or 
incorporating such information by reference into, this Annual Report. Copies of our corporate governance guidelines, code of 
ethics and the charters of our audit, compensation, finance, nominating and governance, and risk and safety committees are 
available on the "Investors" section of our website, www.ironmountain.com, under the heading "Corporate Governance."

11

 Item 1A. Risk Factors.

We face many risks. If any of the events or circumstances described below actually occur, we and our businesses, 
financial condition or results of operations could suffer, and the trading price of our debt or equity securities could decline. Our 
current and potential investors should consider the following risks and the information contained under the heading 
"Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" before deciding to invest in our securities.

Risks Related to Our Taxation as a REIT

If we fail to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we will be subject to tax at corporate income tax rates and will not be able 
to deduct distributions to stockholders when computing our taxable income.

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT since our 2014 taxable year; however, we can provide no assurance that we will 

remain qualified for taxation as a REIT. If we fail to remain qualified as a REIT, we will be taxed at corporate income tax rates 
unless certain relief provisions apply.

Qualification for taxation as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal 

Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), which provisions may change from time to time, to our operations as well as 
various factual determinations concerning matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. There are limited judicial 
or administrative interpretations of these provisions. 

If, in any taxable year, we fail to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT and are not entitled to relief under the Code:

•  we will not be allowed a deduction for distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income;
•  we will be subject to federal and state income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable 

income at regular corporate tax rates; and

•  we would not be eligible to elect REIT status again until the fifth taxable year that begins after the first year for which 

we failed to qualify as a REIT. 

Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for other purposes.

If we fail to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we may need to borrow additional funds or liquidate some 
investments to pay any additional tax liability. Accordingly, funds available for investment and distributions to stockholders 
could be reduced.

As a REIT, failure to make required distributions would subject us to federal corporate income tax.

We expect to continue paying regular quarterly distributions, and, to achieve maximum tax efficiency and retain cash to 
allow us to make selective discretionary investments, we currently anticipate our typical regular quarterly distributions will be 
based on a payment of approximately 100% of our REIT taxable income; however, the amount, timing and form of our regular 
quarterly distributions will be determined, and will be subject to adjustment, by our board of directors. To remain qualified for 
taxation as a REIT, we are generally required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard 
to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain) each year to our stockholders. Generally, we expect to distribute 
all or substantially all of our REIT taxable income. If our cash available for distribution falls short of our estimates, we may be 
unable to maintain distributions that approximate our REIT taxable income and may fail to remain qualified for taxation as a 
REIT. In addition, our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to fund required distributions as a result of differences in 
timing between the actual receipt of income and the recognition of income for federal income tax purposes, or the effect of 
nondeductible expenditures, such as capital expenditures, payments of compensation for which Section 162(m) of the Code 
denies a deduction, the creation of reserves or required debt service or amortization payments.

To the extent that we satisfy the 90% distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, 
we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% 
nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our stockholders for a calendar year is less than the minimum 
amount specified under the Code.

12

We may be required to borrow funds, sell assets or raise equity to satisfy REIT distribution requirements, to comply with asset 
ownership tests or to fund capital expenditures, future growth and expansion initiatives.

In order to meet the REIT distribution requirements and maintain our qualification and taxation as a REIT, or to fund 

capital expenditures, future growth and expansion initiatives, we may need to borrow funds, sell assets or raise equity, even if 
the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings, sales or offerings. Any insufficiency of our cash 
flows to cover our REIT distribution requirements could adversely impact our ability to raise short- and long-term debt, to sell 
assets, or to offer equity securities in order to fund distributions required to maintain our qualification and taxation as a REIT. 
Furthermore, the REIT distribution requirements may increase the financing we need to fund capital expenditures, future 
growth and expansion initiatives, which would increase our indebtedness. An increase in our outstanding debt could lead to a 
downgrade of our credit rating, which could negatively impact our ability to access credit markets. Further, certain of our 
current debt instruments limit the amount of indebtedness we and our subsidiaries may incur. Additional financing, therefore, 
may be unavailable, more expensive or restricted by the terms of our outstanding indebtedness. For a discussion of risks related 
to our substantial level of indebtedness, see "Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness."

Whether we issue equity, at what price and the amount and other terms of any such issuances will depend on many 
factors, including alternative sources of capital, our then-existing leverage, our need for additional capital, market conditions 
and other factors beyond our control. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities or debt convertible 
into equity securities, the percentage of stock ownership by our existing stockholders may be reduced. In addition, new equity 
securities or convertible debt securities could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our current stockholders, 
which could substantially decrease the value of our securities owned by them. Depending upon the market price of our 
common stock at the time of any potential issuances of equity securities, we may have to sell a significant number of shares in 
order to raise the capital we deem necessary to execute our long-term strategy, and our stockholders may experience dilution in 
the value of their shares as a result.

In addition, if we fail to comply with specified asset ownership tests applicable to REITs as measured at the end of any 

calendar quarter, we must correct such failure within 30 days after the end of the applicable calendar quarter or qualify for 
statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our qualification for taxation as a REIT. As a result, we may be required to liquidate 
or to forego our pursuit of otherwise attractive investments. These actions may reduce our income and amounts available for 
distribution to our stockholders.

Legislative or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on us or our stockholders.

At any time, the federal income tax laws governing REITs, or the administrative interpretations of those laws, may be 

amended. Federal and state tax laws are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the United 
States Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"), the United States Department of the Treasury and state taxing authorities. Changes 
to the tax laws, regulations and administrative interpretations, which may have retroactive application, could adversely affect 
us. In addition, some of these changes could have a more significant impact on us as compared to other REITs due to the nature 
of our business and our substantial use of taxable REIT subsidiaries ("TRSs"). We cannot predict with certainty whether, when, 
in what forms, or with what effective dates, the tax laws, regulations and administrative interpretations applicable to us may be 
changed. 

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our flexibility or cause us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities.

To remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources 
of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets and the amounts we distribute to our stockholders. Thus, compliance 
with these tests may require us to refrain from certain activities and may hinder our ability to make certain attractive 
investments, including the purchase of non-REIT qualifying operations or assets, the expansion of non-real estate activities, and 
investments in the businesses to be conducted by our TRSs, and to that extent limit our opportunities and our flexibility to 
change our business strategy. Furthermore, acquisition opportunities in domestic and international markets may be adversely 
affected if we need or require the target company to comply with some REIT requirements prior to closing.

We conduct a significant portion of our business activities, including our information management services businesses 

and several of our international operations, through domestic and foreign TRSs. Under the Code, no more than 25% of the 
value of the assets of a REIT may be represented by securities of one or more TRSs and other nonqualifying assets. Beginning 
in our 2018 taxable year, no more than 20% of the value of the assets of a REIT may be represented by securities of one or 
more TRSs within the overall 25% nonqualifying assets limitation. These limitations may affect our ability to make additional 
investments in non-REIT qualifying operations or assets or in international operations through TRSs.

13

As a REIT, we are limited in our ability to fund distribution payments using cash generated through our TRSs.

Our ability to receive distributions from our TRSs is limited by the rules with which we must comply to maintain our 
qualification for taxation as a REIT. In particular, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year as a REIT must be 
derived from real estate, which principally includes gross income from providing customers with secure storage space. 
Consequently, no more than 25% of our gross income may consist of dividend income from our TRSs and other nonqualifying 
types of income. Thus, our ability to receive distributions from our TRSs may be limited, and may impact our ability to fund 
distributions to our stockholders using cash flows from our TRSs. Specifically, if our TRSs become highly profitable, we might 
become limited in our ability to receive net income from our TRSs in an amount required to fund distributions to our 
stockholders commensurate with that profitability.

In addition, a significant amount of our income and cash flows from our TRSs is generated from our international 
operations. In many cases, there are local withholding taxes and currency controls that may impact our ability or willingness to 
repatriate funds to the United States to help satisfy REIT distribution requirements.

Our extensive use of TRSs, including for certain of our international operations, may cause us to fail to remain qualified for 
taxation as a REIT. 

Our operations include an extensive use of TRSs, which has increased since our acquisition of Recall. The net income of 

our TRSs is not required to be distributed to us, and income that is not distributed to us generally is not subject to the REIT 
income distribution requirement. However, there may be limitations on our ability to accumulate earnings in our TRSs and the 
accumulation or reinvestment of significant earnings in our TRSs could result in adverse tax treatment. In particular, if the 
accumulation of cash in our TRSs causes the fair market value of our securities in our TRSs and other nonqualifying assets to 
exceed 25% of the fair market value of our assets, then we will fail to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT. Beginning with 
our 2018 taxable year, if the accumulation of cash in our TRSs causes (1) the fair market value of our securities in our TRSs to 
exceed 20% of the fair market value of our assets or (2) the fair market value of our securities in our TRSs and other 
nonqualifying assets to exceed 25% of the fair market value of our assets, then we will fail to remain qualified for taxation as a 
REIT.

Our cash distributions are not guaranteed and may fluctuate.

A REIT generally is required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders.

Our board of directors, in its sole discretion, will determine, on a quarterly basis, the amount of cash to be distributed to 

our stockholders based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, our results of operations, cash flow and capital 
requirements, economic conditions, tax considerations, borrowing capacity and other factors, including debt covenant 
restrictions that may impose limitations on cash payments, future acquisitions and divestitures, any stock repurchase program 
and general market demand for our space and services. Consequently, our distribution levels may fluctuate.

Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, some of our business activities are subject to corporate level income tax 
and foreign taxes, which will continue to reduce our cash flows, and we will have potential deferred and contingent tax 
liabilities.

Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to some federal, state, local and foreign taxes on 

our income and assets, including alternative minimum taxes, taxes on any undistributed income, and state, local or foreign 
income, franchise, property and transfer taxes. In addition, we could in certain circumstances be required to pay an excise or 
penalty tax, which could be significant in amount, in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain 
qualification for taxation as a REIT.

Our information management services businesses and several of our international operations are conducted through 
wholly owned TRSs because these activities could generate nonqualifying REIT income as currently structured and operated. 
The income of our domestic TRSs will continue to be subject to federal and state corporate income taxes. In addition, we and 
our subsidiaries continue to be subject to foreign income taxes in jurisdictions in which we have business operations or a 
taxable presence, regardless of whether assets are held or operations are conducted through subsidiaries disregarded for federal 
income tax purposes or TRSs. Any of these taxes would decrease our earnings and our available cash.

14

We will also be subject to a federal corporate level tax at the highest regular corporate tax rate (currently 35%) on gain 
recognized from a sale of a REIT asset where our basis in the asset is determined by reference to the basis of the asset in the 
hands of a C corporation (such as (i) an asset that we held as of the effective date of our REIT election, that is, January 1, 2014, 
or (ii) an asset that we hold in one of our qualified REIT subsidiaries ("QRSs") following the liquidation or other conversion of 
a former TRS). This 35% tax is generally applicable to any disposition of such an asset during the five-year period after the 
date we first owned the asset as a REIT asset (e.g., January 1, 2014 in the case of REIT assets we held at the time of our REIT 
conversion), to the extent of the built-in-gain based on the fair market value of such asset on the date we first held the asset as a 
REIT asset. In addition, depreciation recapture income that we expect to recognize in connection with the Recall Transaction as 
a result of accounting method changes that we will make will be fully subject to this 35% tax.

In addition, the IRS and any state or local tax authority may successfully assert liabilities against us for corporate income 

taxes for taxable periods prior to January 1, 2014 (our "pre-REIT period"), in which case we will owe these taxes plus 
applicable interest and penalties, if any. Moreover, any increase in taxable income during our pre-REIT period will likely result 
in an increase in pre-REIT accumulated earnings and profits, which could cause us to pay an additional taxable distribution to 
our stockholders after the relevant determination.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and increase the cost of our hedging and may 
cause us to incur tax liabilities.

The REIT provisions of the Code limit our ability to hedge assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Generally, income 
from hedging transactions that we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes with respect to borrowings made or to be 
made to acquire or carry real estate assets and income from certain currency hedging transactions related to our non-United 
States operations, as well as income from qualifying counteracting hedges do not constitute "gross income" for purposes of the 
REIT gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those 
transactions is likely to be treated as nonqualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. As a result of these 
rules, we may need to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through our TRSs. This 
could increase the cost of our hedging activities because our TRSs would be subject to tax on income or gains resulting from 
hedges entered into by them or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates or exchange rates than we 
would otherwise want to bear. In addition, hedging losses in any of our TRSs generally will not provide any tax benefit, except 
for being carried forward for possible use against future taxable income in the TRSs.

Distributions payable by REITs generally do not qualify for preferential tax rates.

Qualifying distributions payable by corporations to individuals, trusts and estates that are United States stockholders are 
currently eligible for preferential federal income tax rates. Distributions payable by REITs, in contrast, generally do not qualify 
for these preferential rates. The preferential rates applicable to regular corporate distributions could cause investors who are 
individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stock of 
non-REIT corporations that pay distributions, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our 
common stock.

15

The ownership and transfer restrictions contained in our certificate of incorporation may not protect our qualification for 
taxation as a REIT, could have unintended antitakeover effects and may prevent our stockholders from receiving a takeover 
premium.

In order for us to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, no more than 50% of the value of outstanding shares of our 

capital stock may be owned, beneficially or constructively, by five or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of each 
taxable year other than the first year for which we elect to be taxed as a REIT. In addition, rents from "affiliated tenants" will 
not qualify as qualifying REIT income if we own 10% or more by vote or value of the customer, whether directly or after 
application of attribution rules under the Code. Subject to certain exceptions, our certificate of incorporation prohibits any 
stockholder from owning, beneficially or constructively, more than (i) 9.8% in value of the outstanding shares of all classes or 
series of our capital stock or (ii) 9.8% in value or number, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class 
or series of our capital stock. We refer to these restrictions collectively as the "ownership limits" and we included them in our 
certificate of incorporation to facilitate our compliance with REIT tax rules. The constructive ownership rules under the Code 
are complex and may cause the outstanding stock owned by a group of related individuals or entities to be deemed to be 
constructively owned by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of our outstanding common 
stock (or the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock) by an individual or entity could cause that individual 
or entity or another individual or entity to own constructively in excess of the relevant ownership limits. Any attempt to own or 
transfer shares of our common stock or of any of our other capital stock in violation of these restrictions may result in the 
shares being automatically transferred to a charitable trust or may be void. Even though our certificate of incorporation contains 
the ownership limits, there can be no assurance that these provisions will be effective to prevent our qualification for taxation 
as a REIT from being jeopardized, including under the affiliated tenant rule. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that we 
will be able to monitor and enforce the ownership limits. If the restrictions in our certificate of incorporation are not effective 
and as a result we fail to satisfy the REIT tax rules described above, then absent an applicable relief provision, we will fail to 
remain qualified for taxation as a REIT.

In addition, the ownership and transfer restrictions could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that 

might involve a premium price for our stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. As a result, the overall 
effect of the ownership and transfer restrictions may be to render more difficult or discourage any attempt to acquire us, even if 
such acquisition may be favorable to the interests of our stockholders.

The ability of our board of directors to change our major policies without the consent of stockholders may not be in the interest 
of our stockholders.   

Our board of directors determines our major policies, including policies and guidelines relating to our investments, 
acquisitions, leverage, financing, growth, operations and distributions to our stockholders. Our board of directors may amend or 
revise these and other policies and guidelines from time to time without the vote or consent of our stockholders. Accordingly, 
our stockholders will have limited control over changes in our policies, and any such changes could adversely affect our 
financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our 
stockholders.

16

Operational Risks

Our customers may shift from paper and tape storage to alternative technologies that require less physical space.

We derive most of our revenues from rental fees for the storage of physical records and computer backup tapes and from 

storage related services. Alternative storage technologies exist, many of which require significantly less space than physical 
records and tapes, and as alternative technologies are adopted, storage related services may decline as the paper documents or 
tapes we store become less active and more archival. We can provide no assurance that our customers will continue to store 
most or a portion of their records as paper documents or as tapes, or that the paper documents or tapes they do store with us 
will require our storage related services at the same levels as they have in the past. A significant shift by our customers to 
storage of data through non-paper or tape-based technologies, whether now existing or developed in the future, could adversely 
affect our businesses.

As stored records and tapes become less active our service revenue growth and profitability may decline.

Our records management and data protection service revenue growth is being negatively impacted by declining activity 

rates as stored records and tapes are becoming less active. The amount of information available to customers through the 
Internet or their own information systems has been steadily increasing in recent years, and we believe this trend has been 
accelerating. As a result, while we continue to experience growth in storage rental, our customers are less likely than they have 
been in the past to retrieve records and rotate tapes, thereby reducing their service activity levels. At the same time many of our 
costs related to records and tape related services remain fixed. In addition, our reputation for providing secure information 
storage is critical to our success, and actions to manage cost structure, such as outsourcing certain transportation, security or 
other functions, could negatively impact our reputation and adversely affect our business. Ultimately, if we are unable to 
appropriately align our cost structure with decreased levels of service activity, our operating results could be adversely affected.

Changes in customer behavior with respect to document destruction and pricing could adversely affect our business, financial 
condition and results of operations.

We have experienced pricing pressure in recent years as some customers have become more cost conscious with respect 

to their information management expenditures. Some customers have taken actions designed to reduce costs associated with the 
retention of documents, including reducing the volume of documents they store and adopting more aggressive destruction 
practices. If we are unable to increase pricing over time, or if rates of destruction of documents stored with us increase 
substantially, particularly in our developed and slower growing markets, our financial condition and results of operations would 
be adversely affected.

Governmental and customer focus on data security could increase our costs of operations. We may not be able to fully offset 
these costs through increases in our rates. Incidents in which we fail to protect our customers' information against security 
breaches could result in monetary damages against us and could otherwise damage our reputation, harm our businesses and 
adversely impact our results of operations. In addition, if we fail to protect our own information, including information about 
our employees, we could experience significant costs and expenses as well as damage to our reputation.

In reaction to publicized incidents in which electronically stored information has been lost, illegally accessed or stolen, 

almost all states in the United States have adopted breach of data security statutes or regulations that require notification to 
consumers if the security of their personal information is breached, and, over the past few years, many states expanded the 
scope of their data breach notifications laws and shortened notification timelines. Some states in the United States have adopted 
regulations requiring every company that maintains or stores personal information to adopt a comprehensive written 
information security program. In addition, certain United States federal laws and regulations affecting financial institutions, 
health care providers and plans and others impose requirements regarding the privacy and security of information maintained 
by those institutions as well as notification to persons whose personal information is accessed by an unauthorized third party. 
Some of these laws and regulations provide for civil fines in certain circumstances and require the adoption and maintenance of 
privacy and information security programs; our failure to comply with any such programs may adversely affect our business. 
Continued governmental focus on data security may lead to additional legislative action in the United States. For example, 
Congress has considered, and will likely consider again, legislation that would expand the federal data breach notification 
requirement beyond the financial and medical fields.

17

Also, an increasing number of countries have introduced and/or increased enforcement of comprehensive privacy laws, or 

are expected to do so. In Europe, a new data protection regulation will likely come into effect in May 2018 and will supersede 
Directive 95/46/EC, which has governed the processing of personal data since 1995. The new regulation will enhance the 
security and privacy obligations of entities, such as us, that process data of residents of members of the European Economic 
Area and substantially increase penalties for violations. In addition, the European Court of Justice has invalidated a decision of 
the European Commission that permitted our European affiliates and our European customers to transfer personal data to 
entities in the United States that are certified under the European Union - United States safe harbor framework. This decision, a 
failure of the European Union and the United States to agree on a new safe-harbor framework and the new regulation and laws 
in other countries that restrict the export of personal data may result in more customers demanding local solutions, which 
would increase our information technology infrastructure, maintenance and support costs.

The continued emphasis on information security as well as increasing concerns about government surveillance may lead 
customers to request that we take additional measures to enhance security and assume higher liability under our contracts. We 
have experienced incidents in which customers' backup tapes or other records have been lost, and we have been informed by 
customers that some of the incidents involved the loss of personal information, resulting in monetary costs to those customers 
for which we have provided reimbursement. As a result of legislative initiatives and client demands, we may have to modify 
our operations with the goal of further improving data security. Any such modifications may result in increased expenses and 
operating complexity, and we may be unable to increase the rates we charge for our services sufficiently to offset any increased 
expenses.

In addition to increases in the costs of operations or potential liability that may result from a heightened focus on data 
security or losses of information, our reputation may be damaged by any compromise of security, accidental loss or theft of our 
own records, or information that we maintain with respect to our employees, as well as customer data in our possession. We 
believe that establishing and maintaining a good reputation is critical to attracting and retaining customers. If our reputation is 
damaged, we may become less competitive, which could negatively impact our businesses, financial condition or results of 
operations.

Attacks on our internal information technology systems could damage our reputation, harm our businesses and adversely 
impact our results of operations.

Our reputation for providing secure information storage to customers is critical to the success of our business. We have 
previously faced attempts by unauthorized users to gain access to our information technology systems and expect to continue to 
face such attempts. Although we seek to prevent, detect and investigate these security incidents and have taken steps to prevent 
such security breaches, our information technology and network infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or 
breaches due to employee error or other disruptions. Moreover, our ability to integrate Recall’s business and other businesses 
we acquire may challenge our ability to prevent such security breaches. From time to time, we may also outsource certain 
information technology and back office support services to third parties, which may subject our information technology and 
other sensitive information to additional risk. A successful breach of the security of our information technology systems could 
lead to theft or misuse of our customers' proprietary or confidential information and result in third party claims against us and 
reputational harm. If our reputation is damaged, we may become less competitive, which could negatively impact our 
businesses, financial condition or results of operations.

Changing fire and safety standards may result in significant expense in certain jurisdictions.

As of December 31, 2016, we operated 1,290 records management, off-site data protection and fine art storage facilities 

worldwide, including 615 in the United States. Many of these facilities were built and outfitted by third parties and added to our 
real estate portfolio as part of acquisitions. Some of these facilities contain fire suppression and safety features that are different 
from our current specifications and current standards for new facilities, although we believe all of our facilities were 
constructed, in all material respects, in compliance with laws and regulations in effect at the time of their construction or 
outfitting. In some instances local authorities having jurisdiction may take the position that our fire suppression and safety 
features in a particular facility are insufficient and require additional measures that may involve considerable expense to us. In 
addition, where we determine that the fire suppression and safety features of a facility require improvement, we will develop 
and implement a plan to remediate the issue, although implementation may require an extended period to complete. A 
significant aspect of the integration of Recall with our business is the process of making certain investments in the acquired 
Recall facilities to conform such facilities to our standards of operations. This process is complex and time-consuming. If 
additional fire safety and suppression measures beyond our current operating plan were required at a large number of our 
facilities, the expense required for compliance could negatively impact our business, financial condition or results of 
operations.  

18

Our customer contracts may not always limit our liability and may sometimes contain terms that could lead to disputes in 
contract interpretation.

Our customer contracts typically contain provisions limiting our liability regarding the loss or destruction of, or damage 
to, records or information stored with us. Our liability for physical storage is often limited to a nominal fixed amount per item 
or unit of storage (such as per cubic foot) and our liability for Information Governance and Digital Solutions, Destruction and 
other services unrelated to records stored with us is often limited to a percentage of annual revenue under the contract; 
however, some of our contracts with large volume accounts and some of the contracts assumed in our acquisitions contain no 
such limits or contain higher limits. We can provide no assurance that our limitation of liability provisions will be enforceable 
in all instances or, if enforceable, that they would otherwise protect us from liability. In addition to provisions limiting our 
liability, our customer contracts generally include a schedule setting forth the majority of the customer-specific terms, including 
storage rental and service pricing and service delivery terms. Our customers may dispute the interpretation of various 
provisions in their contracts. In the past, we have had relatively few disputes with our customers regarding the terms of their 
customer contracts, and most disputes to date have not been material, but we can provide no assurance that we will not have 
material disputes in the future. Moreover, as a large percentage of our growth is driven by acquisitions and customer contracts 
assumed in acquisitions (including the customer contracts assumed in the Recall Transaction) make up a commensurately larger 
percentage of our customer contracts, our exposure to contracts with higher or no limitations of liability and disputes with 
customers over the interpretation of their contracts may increase. Although we maintain a comprehensive insurance program, 
we can provide no assurance that we will be able to maintain insurance policies on acceptable terms in order to cover losses to 
us in connection with customer contract disputes.

International operations may pose unique risks.

As of December 31, 2016, we provided services in 44 countries outside the United States. As part of our growth strategy, 
we expect to continue to acquire or invest in storage and information management services businesses in select foreign markets, 
including countries where we do not currently operate. International operations are subject to numerous risks, including:

• 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

• 
• 
• 

the impact of foreign government regulations and United States regulations that apply to us wherever we operate; in 
particular, we are subject to United States and foreign anticorruption laws, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 
and the United Kingdom Bribery Act, and, although we have implemented internal controls, policies and procedures 
and training to deter prohibited practices, our employees, partners, contractors or agents may violate or circumvent 
such policies and the law;
the volatility of certain foreign economies in which we operate;
political uncertainties and changes in the global political climate which may impose restrictions on global operations;
unforeseen liabilities, particularly within acquired businesses;
costs and difficulties associated with managing international operations of varying sizes and scale;
the risk that business partners upon whom we depend for technical assistance or management and acquisition expertise 
in some markets outside of the United States will not perform as expected;
difficulties attracting and retaining local management and key employees to operate our business in certain countries;
cultural differences and differences in business practices and operating standards; and
foreign currency fluctuations.

In particular, our net income, debt balances or leverage can be significantly affected by fluctuations in currencies.

Our exposure to the risk from international operations was increased by the Recall acquisition, as Recall’s foreign 

operations made up a more significant portion of its worldwide revenue than our foreign operations did prior to the Recall 
Transaction. Consequently, our international operations now account for a more significant portion of our overall operations 
than they did before the Recall acquisition. 

19

We have operations in numerous foreign countries and, as a result, are subject to foreign exchange translation risk, which 
could have an adverse effect on our financial results.

We conduct business operations in numerous foreign countries through our foreign subsidiaries or affiliates, which 

operate in their respective local currencies. Those local currencies are translated into United States dollars at the applicable 
exchange rates for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements. The results of operations of, and certain of our debt 
balances (including intercompany debt balances) associated with, our international storage and information management 
services businesses are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations, and as we have expanded our international operations, 
our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations has increased. Upon translation, operating results may differ materially from 
expectations, and significant shifts in foreign currencies can impact our short-term results, as well as our long-term forecasts 
and targets. In addition, because we intend to distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders, and any 
exchange rate fluctuations may negatively impact our REIT taxable income, our distribution amounts (including the 
classification of our distributions as nonqualified ordinary dividends, qualified ordinary dividends or return of capital, as 
described more fully in "Item 5. Market For Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 
Equity Securities" included in this Annual Report) may fluctuate as a result of exchange rate fluctuations.

Failure to comply with certain regulatory and contractual requirements under our United States Government contracts could 
adversely affect our revenues, operating results and financial position.

Selling our services to the United States Government subjects us to certain regulatory and contractual requirements. 
Failure to comply with these requirements could subject us to investigations, price reductions, up to treble damages, and civil 
penalties. Noncompliance with certain regulatory and contractual requirements could also result in us being suspended or 
barred from future United States Government contracting. We may also face private derivative securities claims as a result of 
adverse government actions. Any of these outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, operating results, 
financial position and reputation.

We may be subject to certain costs and potential liabilities associated with the real estate required for our business.

Because our business is heavily dependent on real estate, we face special risks attributable to the real estate we own or 

lease. Such risks include:

• 

• 

• 

• 

acquisition and occupancy costs that make it difficult to meet anticipated margins and difficulty locating suitable 
facilities due to a relatively small number of available buildings having the desired characteristics in some real estate 
markets;
uninsured losses or damage to our storage facilities due to an inability to obtain full coverage on a cost-effective basis 
for some casualties, such as fires, earthquakes, or any coverage for certain losses, such as losses from riots or terrorist 
activities;
inability to use our real estate holdings effectively and costs associated with vacating or consolidating facilities if the 
demand for physical storage were to diminish; and
liability under environmental laws for the costs of investigation and cleanup of contaminated real estate owned or 
leased by us, whether or not (i) we know of, or were responsible for, the contamination, or (ii) the contamination 
occurred while we owned or leased the property.

Some of our current and formerly owned or leased properties were previously used by entities other than us for industrial 
or other purposes, or were affected by waste generated from nearby properties, that involved the use, storage, generation and/or 
disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, including petroleum products. In some instances this prior use involved the 
operation of underground storage tanks or the presence of asbestos-containing materials. Where we are aware of environmental 
conditions that require remediation, we undertake appropriate activity, in accordance with all legal requirements. Although we 
have from time to time conducted limited environmental investigations and remedial activities at some of our former and 
current facilities, we have not undertaken an in-depth environmental review of all of our properties, including those acquired in 
the Recall Transaction and other acquisitions we have completed. We therefore may be potentially liable for environmental 
costs like those discussed above and may be unable to sell, rent, mortgage or use contaminated real estate owned or leased by 
us. Environmental conditions for which we might be liable may also exist at properties that we may acquire in the future. In 
addition, future regulatory action and environmental laws may impose costs for environmental compliance that do not exist 
today.

20

Unexpected events could disrupt our operations and adversely affect our reputation and results of operations.

Unexpected events, including fires or explosions at our facilities, natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes, 
war or terrorist activities, unplanned power outages, supply disruptions and failure of equipment or systems, could adversely 
affect our reputation and results of operations. Our customers rely on us to securely store and timely retrieve their critical 
information, and these events could result in customer service disruption, physical damage to one or more key operating 
facilities and the information stored in those facilities, the temporary closure of one or more key operating facilities or the 
temporary disruption of information systems, each of which could negatively impact our reputation and results of operations. 
During the past several years we have seen an increase in severe weather events and our key facilities worldwide are subject to 
this inherent risk.

Damage to our reputation could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our reputation for providing highly secure information storage to customers is critical to the success of our business. Our 
reputation or brand, and specifically, the trust our customers place in us, could be negatively impacted in the event of perceived 
or actual failures by us to store information securely. For example, events such as fires, natural disasters, attacks on our 
information technology systems or security breaches involving us could negatively impact our reputation, particularly if such 
incidents result in adverse publicity, governmental investigations or litigation. Damage to our reputation could make us less 
competitive, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Fluctuations in commodity prices may affect our operating revenues and results of operations.

Our operating revenues and results of operations are impacted by significant changes in commodity prices. In particular, 
our secure shredding operations generate revenue from the sale of shredded paper to recyclers. As a result, significant declines 
in the cost of paper may negatively impact our revenues and results of operations, and increases in other commodity prices, 
including steel, may negatively impact our results of operations. 

We may be subject to claims that our technology violates the intellectual property rights of a third party.

Third parties may have legal rights (including ownership of patents, trade secrets, trademarks and copyrights) to ideas, 
materials, processes, names or original works that are the same or similar to those we use. Third parties have in the past, and 
may in the future, bring claims, or threaten to bring claims, against us that allege that their intellectual property rights are being 
infringed or violated by our use of intellectual property. Litigation or threatened litigation could be costly and distract our 
senior management from operating our business. Further, if we cannot establish our right or obtain the right to use the 
intellectual property on reasonable terms, we may be required to develop alternative intellectual property at our expense to 
mitigate potential harm.

We face competition for customers.

We compete with multiple storage and information management services providers in all geographic areas where we 
operate; our current or potential customers may choose to use those competitors instead of us. We also compete, in some of our 
business lines, with our current and potential customers' internal storage and information management services capabilities and 
their cloud-based alternatives. These organizations may not begin or continue to use us for their future storage and information 
management service needs.

21

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under 
our various debt instruments.

We have a significant amount of indebtedness. As of December 31, 2016, our total long-term debt was approximately 
$6.3 billion. Our substantial indebtedness could have important consequences to our current and potential investors. These risks 
include:

• 
• 
• 

• 
• 

• 

• 

• 
• 

inability to satisfy our obligations with respect to our various debt instruments;
inability to adjust to adverse economic conditions;
inability to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, and other general corporate requirements, including 
possible required repurchases of our various indebtedness;
inability to pursue strategic opportunities, including acquisitions and expansion into adjacent businesses;
limits on our distributions to stockholders; in this regard if these limits prevented us from satisfying our REIT 
distribution requirements, we could fail to remain qualified for taxation as a REIT or, if these limits do not jeopardize 
our qualification for taxation as a REIT but do nevertheless prevent us from distributing 100% of our REIT taxable 
income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax, and potentially a nondeductible excise tax, on the retained 
amounts;
limits on our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the information management 
services industry;
limits on future borrowings under our existing or future credit arrangements, which could affect our ability to pay our 
indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs;
inability to generate sufficient funds to cover required interest payments; and
restrictions on our ability to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms.

Restrictive debt covenants may limit our ability to pursue our growth strategy.

Our Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 4 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual 

Report) and our indentures contain covenants restricting or limiting our ability to, among other things:

incur additional indebtedness;
pay dividends or make other restricted payments;

• 
• 
•  make asset dispositions;
• 
•  make acquisitions and other investments.

create or permit liens; and

These restrictions may adversely affect our ability to pursue our acquisition and other growth strategies.

We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to finance the repurchase of outstanding senior or senior subordinated 
notes upon a change of control event as required by our indentures.

Upon the occurrence of a "change of control", we will be required to offer to repurchase all outstanding senior or senior 
subordinated notes. However, it is possible that we will not have sufficient funds at the time of the change of control to make 
the required repurchase of the notes or that restrictions in our Credit Agreement will not allow such repurchases. Certain 
important corporate events, however, such as leveraged recapitalizations that would increase the level of our indebtedness, 
would not constitute a "change of control" under our indentures. 

Iron Mountain is a holding company, and, therefore, our ability to make payments on our various debt obligations depends in 
part on the operations of our subsidiaries.

Iron Mountain is a holding company; substantially all of our assets consist of the stock of our subsidiaries, and 

substantially all of our operations are conducted by our direct and indirect 100% owned subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to 
make payments on our various debt obligations will be dependent upon the receipt of sufficient funds from our subsidiaries. 
However, our various debt obligations are guaranteed, on a joint and several and full and unconditional basis, by our direct and 
indirect 100% owned United States subsidiaries, that represent the substantial majority of our United States operations.

22

Acquisition and Expansion Risks

Elements of our strategic growth plan involve inherent risks.

As part of our strategic growth plan, we expect to invest in new business strategies, products, services, technologies and 
geographies, including ABOs, and we may selectively divest certain businesses. These initiatives may involve significant risks 
and uncertainties, including distraction of management from current operations, insufficient revenues to offset expenses and 
liabilities associated with new investments, inadequate return of capital on these investments and the inability to attract, 
develop and retain skilled employees to lead and support new initiatives. For example, in recent years, we have expanded our 
entry into the data center and fine art storage businesses. Our data center expansion in particular requires significant capital 
commitments and includes other costs associated with the development of real estate to support this business. Many of these 
new ventures are inherently risky and we can provide no assurance that such strategies and offerings will be successful in 
achieving the desired returns within a reasonable timeframe, if at all, and that they will not adversely affect our business, 
reputation, financial condition, and operating results. We also face competition from other companies in our efforts to grow our 
adjacent businesses, some of which possess substantial financial and other resources. As a result, we may be unable to acquire, 
or may pay a significant purchase price for, adjacent businesses that support our strategic growth plan.  

Failure to manage our growth may impact operating results.

If we succeed in expanding our existing businesses, or in moving into new areas of business, that expansion may place 

increased demands on our management, operating systems, internal controls and financial and physical resources. If not 
managed effectively, these increased demands may adversely affect the services we provide to customers. In addition, our 
personnel, systems, procedures and controls may be inadequate to support future operations, particularly with respect to 
operations in countries outside of the United States or in new lines of business. Consequently, in order to manage growth 
effectively, we may be required to increase expenditures to increase our physical resources, expand, train and manage our 
employee base, improve management, financial and information systems and controls, or make other capital expenditures. Our 
results of operations and financial condition could be harmed if we encounter difficulties in effectively managing the 
budgeting, forecasting and other process control issues presented by future growth.

Failure to successfully integrate acquired businesses could negatively impact our balance sheet and results of operations.

Strategic acquisitions are an important element of our growth strategy and the success of any acquisition we make 
depends in part on our ability to integrate the acquired business and realize anticipated synergies. The process of integrating 
acquired businesses, particularly in new markets, may involve unforeseen difficulties and may require a disproportionate 
amount of our management's attention and our financial and other resources. 

For example, the success of our acquisition of Recall will depend, in large part, on our ability to realize the anticipated 
benefits, including cost savings from combining Recall’s businesses with ours. To realize these anticipated benefits, we must be 
able to successfully integrate our business and Recall’s and this integration is complex and time-consuming. While we are 
progressing with the integration, we still may encounter challenges in the integration process including the following:

• 
• 

• 
• 
• 

challenges and difficulties associated with managing our larger, more complex, company; 
conforming standards, controls, procedures and policies, business cultures and compensation structures between the 
two businesses; 
consolidating corporate and administrative infrastructures; 
coordinating geographically dispersed organizations; and
performance shortfalls as a result of the diversion of management's attention caused by integrating the entities' 
operations.

In addition, our integration with Recall may pose special risks, including asset write-offs or restructuring charges and 

unanticipated costs. Further, our integration with Recall will subject us to liabilities (including tax liabilities) that may exist at 
Recall or may arise in connection with the consummation of the Recall Transaction, some of which may be unknown. Although 
we and our advisors conducted due diligence on the operations of Recall, there can be no guarantee that we are aware of all 
liabilities of Recall. These liabilities, and any additional risks and uncertainties related to the Recall Transaction not currently 
known to us or that we may currently deem immaterial or unlikely to occur, could negatively impact our future business, 
financial condition and results of operations.

We can give no assurance that we will ultimately be able to effectively integrate and manage the operations of any 
acquired business or realize anticipated synergies, including Recall. The failure to successfully integrate the cultures, operating 
systems, procedures and information technologies of an acquired business could have a material adverse effect on our balance 
sheet and results of operations.

23

Our net proceeds from the Divestments may be lower than expected and we may be subject to liabilities as a result of provisions 
in the sale agreements governing the Divestments.

The terms of the sale agreements governing the Divestments (as defined in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial 

Statements included in this Annual Report) in the United States, Canada and Australia provide for post-closing adjustments to 
the purchase prices. In addition, we have agreed to provide certain transition services to the buyers following the completion of 
the Divestments. As a result, the purchase prices for the Divestments may be adjusted in accordance with the terms of the sale 
agreements and the costs we will incur providing post-closing transition services as required under our sale agreements may 
exceed the amounts we have estimated. As such, the expected net proceeds of the Divestments are uncertain and the actual net 
proceeds we receive from the Divestments may be less than the net proceeds expected by us and the transition services costs 
may exceed our estimates. Furthermore, in the sale agreements governing the Divestments, we have made certain 
representations and warranties and are bound by certain covenants following the closings. Any breach of such terms may 
subject us to liabilities in accordance with the terms of the sale agreements.

We may be unable to continue our international expansion.

An important part of our growth strategy involves expanding operations in international markets, including in markets 
where we currently do not operate, and we expect to continue this expansion. Europe, Latin America and Australia have been 
our primary areas of focus for international expansion, and we have expanded into the Asia Pacific region, Africa and the 
Middle East to a lesser extent. We have entered into joint ventures and have acquired all or a majority of the equity in storage 
and information management services businesses operating in these areas and may acquire other storage and information 
management services businesses in the future, including in new countries/markets where we currently do not operate. A 
changing global political climate may impose restrictions on our ability to expand internationally.  

This growth strategy involves risks. We may be unable to pursue this strategy in the future at the desired pace or at all. 

For example, we may be unable to:

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

• 

identify suitable companies to acquire or invest in;
complete acquisitions on satisfactory terms;
successfully expand our infrastructure and sales force to support growth;
achieve satisfactory returns on acquired companies, particularly in countries where we do not currently operate;
incur additional debt necessary to acquire suitable companies if we are unable to pay the purchase price out of 
working capital, common stock or other equity securities; or
enter into successful business arrangements for technical assistance or management expertise outside of the United 
States.

We also compete with other storage and information management services providers as well as other entities for 
companies to acquire. Some of our competitors may possess substantial financial and other resources. If any such competitor 
were to devote additional resources to pursue such acquisition candidates or focus its strategy on our international markets, the 
purchase price for potential acquisitions or investments could rise, competition in international markets could increase and our 
results of operations could be adversely affected.

24

We have guaranteed certain obligations of Recall to Brambles relating to Brambles' prior demerger transaction.

On December 18, 2013, Brambles Limited, an Australian corporation ("Brambles"), implemented a demerger transaction 

by way of a distribution of shares of Recall to Brambles’ shareholders (the “Demerger”). Prior to and in connection with the 
Demerger, Brambles spun off certain of its United States and Canadian subsidiaries, directly or indirectly, to Recall. Such spin-
offs were intended to be tax-free or tax-deferred under United States and Canadian tax laws, respectively, and Brambles 
obtained rulings from the IRS (with respect to the United States spin-off) and the Canada Revenue Agency (with respect to the 
Canadian spin-off), as well as opinions of its tax advisors, to such effect. However, the tax-free status of the spin-off of such 
United States subsidiaries could be adversely affected under certain circumstances if a 50% or greater interest in such United 
States subsidiaries were acquired as part of a plan or series of related transactions that included such spin-off. Similarly, the tax-
deferred status of the spin-off of the Canadian subsidiaries could be adversely affected under certain circumstances if control of 
such subsidiaries were acquired as part of a series of transactions or events that included such spin-off.

In connection with the Demerger, Recall agreed to indemnify Brambles and certain of its affiliates for taxes to the extent 

that actions by Recall (e.g., an acquisition of Recall shares) resulted in the United States spin-off or the Canadian spin-off 
described above failing to qualify as tax-free or tax-deferred for United States or Canadian tax purposes, respectively. In 
addition, Recall agreed, among other things, that it would not, within two years of the 2013 spin-offs, enter into a proposed 
acquisition transaction, merger or consolidation (with respect to the United States spin-off) or take any action that could 
reasonably be expected to jeopardize, directly or indirectly, any of the conclusions reached in the Canadian tax ruling or 
opinion, without obtaining either a supplemental tax ruling from the relevant taxing authority, the consent of Brambles or an 
opinion of a tax advisor, acceptable to Brambles in its reasonable discretion, that such transaction should not result in the spin-
offs failing to be tax-free under United States federal income tax law or Canadian tax law, respectively. Recall has obtained 
such tax opinions, based on, among other things, representations and warranties made by Recall and us. Such opinions do not 
affect Recall’s obligation to indemnify Brambles for an adverse impact on the tax-free status of such prior spin-offs.

We have guaranteed the foregoing indemnification obligations of Recall. Consistent with the foregoing tax opinions, we 

believe that the Recall Transaction is not part of a plan or series of related transactions, or part of a series of transactions or 
events, that included the United States spin-off or the Canadian spin-off, respectively. However, if the IRS or the Canadian 
Revenue Agency were to prevail in asserting a contrary view, we would be liable for the resulting taxes, which could be 
material.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

25

Item 2. Properties. 

As of December 31, 2016, we conducted operations through 1,146 leased facilities and 297 owned facilities. Our 

facilities are divided among our reportable operating segments as follows: North American Records and Information 
Management Business (668), North American Data Management Business (69), Western European Business (218), Other 
International Business (473) and Corporate and Other Business (15). These facilities contain a total of 86.2 million square feet 
of space. A breakdown of owned and leased facilities by country (and by state within the United States) is listed below:  

Country/State
North America

United States (Including Puerto Rico)

Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts (including Corporate
Headquarters)
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin

Canada

Leased

Owned

Total

Number

Square Feet

Number

Square Feet

Number

Square Feet

4
12
2
61
12
6
5
1
35
17
19
5
2
2
2
3
—
17

8
16
15
2
11
1
7
—
35
1
20
22
1
12
5
11
24
3
1
8
4
49
2
2
14
8
3
6
496
60
556

323,473
555,701
63,604
4,234,220
544,731
252,474
310,236
40,812
2,460,808
1,259,276
1,457,324
213,010
145,138
141,600
64,000
210,350
—
1,670,431

598,281
864,883
1,055,935
157,386
1,036,323
34,560
276,520
—
2,875,561
22,500
1,001,046
1,124,393
5,361
763,405
255,753
396,984
1,854,685
178,449
70,159
508,035
166,993
2,423,861
78,148
55,200
581,390
342,275
234,902
306,395
31,216,571
3,524,875
34,741,446

26

1
4
—
15
5
6
1
—
4
4
7
1
1
—
4
2
1
3

8
6
—
—
4
3
1
1
10
2
13
2
—
7
3
1
8
1
1
2
5
29
1
—
7
6
—
1
181
15
196

12,621
239,110
—
1,964,572
338,009
665,013
120,921
—
194,090
229,719
1,309,975
131,506
14,200
—
418,760
214,625
95,000
327,258

1,173,503
345,736
—
—
373,120
316,970
107,041
146,467
2,099,003
109,473
1,186,266
53,624
—
660,778
145,000
55,621
2,577,883
54,352
12,748
214,238
153,659
2,395,607
90,553
—
605,566
472,896
—
10,655
19,636,138
1,722,991
21,359,129

5
16
2
76
17
12
6
1
39
21
26
6
3
2
6
5
1
20

16
22
15
2
15
4
8
1
45
3
33
24
1
19
8
12
32
4
2
10
9
78
3
2
21
14
3
7
677
75
752

336,094
794,811
63,604
6,198,792
882,740
917,487
431,157
40,812
2,654,898
1,488,995
2,767,299
344,516
159,338
141,600
482,760
424,975
95,000
1,997,689

1,771,784
1,210,619
1,055,935
157,386
1,409,443
351,530
383,561
146,467
4,974,564
131,973
2,187,312
1,178,017
5,361
1,424,183
400,753
452,605
4,432,568
232,801
82,907
722,273
320,652
4,819,468
168,701
55,200
1,186,956
815,171
234,902
317,050
50,852,709
5,247,866
56,100,575

 
Country/State
International
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Chile
China (including Taiwan)
Columbia
Czech Republic
Denmark
England
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong
Hungary
India
Ireland
Latvia
Lithuania
Malaysia
Mexico
The Netherlands
New Zealand
Northern Ireland
Norway
Peru
Poland
Romania
Russia
Scotland
Serbia
Singapore
Slovakia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Thailand
Turkey
Ukraine

Total

Leased

Owned

Total

Number

Square Feet

Number

Square Feet

Number

Square Feet

2
55
1
4
47
11
27
20
10
4
48
1
3
31
17
3
8
7
89
6
1
3
8
12
4
6
2
5
—
23
10
22
7
1
6
5
10
37
7
14
1
8
4
590
1,146

90,581
3,271,565
3,300
145,929
3,072,026
420,084
363,649
602,678
230,422
179,865
2,245,985
38,861
85,280
2,083,140
757,328
79,327
805,839
350,898
1,859,151
50,908
15,145
67,487
365,740
502,010
331,186
413,959
55,310
199,219
—
802,462
394,462
611,610
191,298
32,401
304,588
124,816
333,778
837,625
828,176
310,560
91,191
552,560
115,624
24,218,023
58,959,469

5
2
1
1
7
6
1
—
—
—
26
—
—
12
2
—
—
—
—
3
—
—
—
8
3
—
—
—
10
—
—
—
4
—
2
—
—
6
—
—
2
—
—
101
297

469,748
33,845
30,000
104,391
324,655
232,314
20,518
—
—
—
1,525,848
—
—
936,486
93,226
—
—
—
—
158,558
—
—
—
585,931
102,199
—
—
—
301,781
—
—
—
375,294
—
274,100
—
—
203,000
—
—
105,487
—
—
5,877,381
27,236,510

7
57
2
5
54
17
28
20
10
4
74
1
3
43
19
3
8
7
89
9
1
3
8
20
7
6
2
5
10
23
10
22
11
1
8
5
10
43
7
14
3
8
4
691
1,443

560,329
3,305,410
33,300
250,320
3,396,681
652,398
384,167
602,678
230,422
179,865
3,771,833
38,861
85,280
3,019,626
850,554
79,327
805,839
350,898
1,859,151
209,466
15,145
67,487
365,740
1,087,941
433,385
413,959
55,310
199,219
301,781
802,462
394,462
611,610
566,592
32,401
578,688
124,816
333,778
1,040,625
828,176
310,560
196,678
552,560
115,624
30,095,404
86,195,979

The leased facilities typically have initial lease terms of five to ten years with one or more five-year renewal options. In 
addition, some of the leases contain either a purchase option or a right of first refusal upon the sale of the property. We believe 
that the space available in our facilities is adequate to meet our current needs, although future growth may require that we lease 
or purchase additional real property.

See Note 10 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for information regarding our 

minimum annual lease commitments.

See Schedule III—Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation in this Annual Report for information 

regarding the cost, accumulated depreciation and encumbrances associated with our owned real estate.

27

 
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

We are involved in litigation from time to time in the ordinary course of business. A portion of the defense and/or 
settlement costs associated with such litigation is covered by various commercial liability insurance policies purchased by us 
and, in limited cases, indemnification from third parties. In the opinion of management, no material legal proceedings are 
pending to which we, or any of our properties, are subject. 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

None.

28

PART II

Item 5. Market For Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities.

Our common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol "IRM". Our shares of common stock also trade on the ASX 
in the form of CHESS Depository Interests ("CDIs") representing a beneficial interest in one share of our common stock. The 
following table sets forth the high and low sale prices on the NYSE, for the years 2015 and 2016:

2015

First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter

2016

First Quarter
Second Quarter
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter

Sale Prices

High

Low

$

$

$

$

41.53
38.49
32.25
32.35

34.15
39.84
41.50
37.51

35.60
30.95
26.49
25.99

23.64
32.12
35.42
30.75

The closing price of our common stock on the NYSE on February 17, 2017 was $37.15. As of February 17, 2017, there 

were 1,580 holders of record of our common stock, including CHESS Depository Nominees Pty Limited, which held shares of 
our common stock on behalf of our CDI holders. 

Our board of directors has adopted a dividend policy under which we have paid, and in the future intend to pay, quarterly 
cash dividends on our common stock. The amount and timing of future dividends will continue to be subject to the approval of 
our board of directors, in its sole discretion, and to applicable legal requirements.

 In 2015 and 2016, our board of directors declared the following dividends: 

Declaration Date

Dividend
Per Share

February 19, 2015
May 28, 2015
August 27, 2015
October 29, 2015
February 17, 2016
May 25, 2016
July 27, 2016
October 31, 2016

$

0.4750
0.4750
0.4750
0.4850
0.4850
0.4850
0.4850
0.5500

Record Date

March 6, 2015
June 12, 2015
September 11, 2015
December 1, 2015
March 7, 2016
June 6, 2016
September 12, 2016
December 15, 2016

Total
Amount
(in thousands)
99,795
$
100,119
100,213
102,438
102,651
127,469
127,737
145,006

Payment Date

March 20, 2015
June 26, 2015
September 30, 2015
December 15, 2015
March 21, 2016
June 24, 2016
September 30, 2016
December 30, 2016

During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, we declared distributions to our stockholders of   

$1,048.9 million, $402.6 million, and $502.9 million, respectively. These distributions represent approximately $5.37 per share, 
$1.91 per share and $2.04 per share for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively, based on the 
weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each respective year. For 2014, total amounts distributed 
included a special distribution declared by our board of directors of $700.0 million, or $3.61 per share, associated with our 
conversion to a REIT, of which $560.0 million was paid in the form of our common stock and $140.0 million was paid in cash. 

On February 15, 2017, we declared a dividend to our stockholders of record as of March 15, 2017 of $0.55 per share, 

payable on April 3, 2017.

29

 
 
 
 
 
 
For federal income tax purposes, distributions to our stockholders are generally treated as nonqualified ordinary 

dividends, qualified ordinary dividends or return of capital. The IRS requires historical C corporation earnings and profits to be 
distributed prior to any REIT distributions, which may affect the character of each distribution to our stockholders, including 
whether and to what extent each distribution is characterized as a qualified or nonqualified ordinary dividend. For the years 
ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, the dividends we paid on our common shares were classified as follows:

Nonqualified ordinary dividends

Qualified ordinary dividends
Return of capital

Year Ended December 31,

2014
26.4%

2015
49.3%

2016
45.5%

56.4%
39.1%
21.0%
33.5%
11.6%
17.2%
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Dividends paid during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 which were classified as qualified ordinary 

dividends for federal income tax purposes primarily related to (i) the distribution of certain of our historical C corporation 
earnings and profits following our conversion to a REIT (with respect to dividends paid during the year ended December 31, 
2014) and (ii) the distribution of historical C corporation earnings and profits related to certain acquisitions completed during 
the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 (with respect to dividends paid during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 
2016). 

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We did not sell any unregistered equity securities during the three months ended December 31, 2016, nor did we 

repurchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2016.

30

 
 
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

The following selected consolidated statements of operations, balance sheet and other data have been derived from our 

audited consolidated financial statements. The selected consolidated financial and operating information set forth below should 
be read in conjunction with "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" 
and our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

Revenues:

Storage rental

Service

Total Revenues

Operating Expenses:

Year Ended December 31,

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016(1)

(In thousands)

$1,733,138

$1,784,721

$1,860,243

$1,837,897

$2,142,905

1,270,817

1,239,902

1,257,450

1,170,079

1,368,548

3,003,955

3,024,623

3,117,693

3,007,976

3,511,453

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

1,277,113

1,288,878

1,344,636

1,290,025

1,567,777

Selling, general and administrative

Depreciation and amortization

850,371

316,344

924,031

322,037

869,572

353,143

844,960

345,464

988,332

452,326

Loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and
equipment (excluding real estate), net

4,661

430

1,065

3,000

1,412

Total Operating Expenses

2,448,489

2,535,376

2,568,416

2,483,449

3,009,847

Operating Income

Interest Expense, Net

Other Expense, Net

555,466

242,599

16,062

489,247

254,174

75,202

549,277

260,717

65,187

524,527

263,871

98,590

501,606

310,662

44,300

Income from Continuing Operations Before
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes and Gain on
Sale of Real Estate

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

Gain on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax

Income from Continuing Operations

(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

(Loss) Gain on Sale of Discontinued Operations, Net of
Tax

Net Income

Less: Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling
Interests

Net Income Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
(footnotes follow)

296,805

114,304
(206)
182,707
(6,774)

(1,885)
174,048

159,871

62,127
(1,417)
99,161

831

—

223,373
(97,275)
(8,307)
328,955
(209)

—

162,066

37,713
(850)
125,203

—

—

146,644

44,944
(2,180)
103,880

3,353

—

99,992

328,746

125,203

107,233

3,126

3,530

2,627

1,962

2,409

$ 170,922

$

96,462

$ 326,119

$ 123,241

$ 104,824

31

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings (Losses) per Share—Basic:

Income from Continuing Operations

Total (Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations

Net Income Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
Earnings (Losses) per Share—Diluted:

Income from Continuing Operations

Total (Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations

Net Income Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated

Year Ended December 31,

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016(1)

(In thousands, except per share data)

$
$
1.05
$ (0.05) $
$
0.98
$

$
1.04
$
$ (0.05) $
$
0.98
$

0.52

$

1.68

$

0.59

$

— $

— $

— $

0.51

0.52

$

$

1.67

1.67

$

$

0.58

0.59

$

$

— $

— $

— $

0.50

$

1.66

$

0.58

$

0.41

0.01

0.43

0.41

0.01

0.42

Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding—Basic

173,604

190,994

195,278

210,764

246,178

Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding—Diluted

174,867

192,412

196,749

212,118

247,267

Dividends Declared per Common Share
(footnotes follow)

$ 5.1200

$ 1.0800

$ 5.3713

$ 1.9100

$ 2.0427

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016(1)

Year Ended December 31,

(In thousands)

$

910,917

$

894,581

$

925,797

$

920,005

$ 1,087,288

30.3%

1.9x

29.6%

1.5x

29.7%

1.7x

30.6%

1.5x

31.0%

1.4x

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016(1)

As of December 31,

(in thousands)

Other Data:

Adjusted EBITDA(2)

Adjusted EBITDA Margin(2)

Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
(footnotes follow)

Consolidated Balance Sheet
Data:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

$

243,415

$

120,526

$

125,933

$

128,381

$

236,484

Total Assets

6,314,489

6,607,398

6,523,265

6,350,587

9,486,800

Total Long-Term Debt (including
Current Portion of Long-Term
Debt)

Redeemable Noncontrolling
Interests

Total Equity
(footnotes follow)

3,781,153

4,126,115

4,616,454

4,845,678

6,251,181

—

—

1,157,148

1,051,734

—

869,955

—

528,607

54,697

1,936,671

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Our financial results as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 include the results of Recall from May 2, 2016.

(2)  For definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBIDTA Margin, a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and a 

discussion of why we believe these non-GAAP measures provide relevant and useful information to our current and 
potential investors, see "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations—Non-GAAP Measures" of this Annual Report. 

32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with "Item 6. Selected Financial Data" and the Consolidated 

Financial Statements and Notes thereto and the other financial and operating information included elsewhere in this Annual 
Report.

This discussion contains "forward-looking statements" as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform 

Act of 1995 and in other securities laws. See "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" on page iii of this 
Annual Report and "Item 1A. Risk Factors" beginning on page 12 of this Annual Report.

Overview

Recall Acquisition

On May 2, 2016 (Sydney, Australia time), we completed the Recall Transaction. At the closing of the Recall Transaction, 
we paid approximately $331.8 million in cash and issued approximately 50.2 million shares of our common stock which, based 
on the closing price of our common stock as of April 29, 2016 (the last day of trading on the NYSE prior to the closing of the 
Recall Transaction) of $36.53 per share, resulted in a total purchase price to Recall shareholders of approximately $2,166.9 
million.

We account for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting, and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities 
acquired are recorded at their estimated fair values and the results of operations for each acquisition have been included in our 
consolidated results from their respective acquisition dates. With respect to the acquisition of Recall, the results of operations of 
Recall have been included in our consolidated results from May 2, 2016. See Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in this Annual Report for unaudited pro forma results of operations for us and Recall, as if the Recall 
Transaction was completed on January 1, 2015, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

We currently estimate total acquisition and integration expenditures associated with the Recall Transaction to be 

approximately $380.0 million, the majority of which is expected to be incurred by the end of 2018. This amount consists of (i) 
approximately $80.0 million of operating expenditures to complete the Recall Transaction, including advisory and professional 
fees and costs to complete the Divestments (as defined in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this 
Annual Report) required in connection with receipt of regulatory approval and to provide transitional services required to 
support the divested businesses during a transition period (“Recall Deal Close & Divestment Costs”) and (ii) approximately 
$300.0 million of integration expenditures, including operating expenditures associated with moving, severance, facility 
upgrade, REIT conversion and system upgrade costs (“Recall Integration Costs” and, collectively with Recall Deal Close & 
Divestment Costs, “Recall Costs”) and capital expenditures to integrate Recall with our existing operations. From January 1, 
2015 through December 31, 2016, we have incurred cumulative operating and capital expenditures associated with the Recall 
Transaction of $197.4 million, including $179.0 million of Recall Costs and $18.4 million of capital expenditures.

See Note 16 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for more information on Recall 

Costs, including costs recorded by segment as well as recorded between cost of sales and selling, general and administrative 
expenses.

Divestitures

i. Divestments Associated with the Recall Transaction

As disclosed in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report, we sought 

regulatory approval of the Recall Transaction and, as part of the regulatory approval process, we agreed to make the 
Divestments.

The Initial United States Divestments, the Seattle/Atlanta Divestments, the Recall Canadian Divestments and the UK 

Divestments (each as defined in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report) 
(collectively, the "Recall Divestments") meet the criteria to be reported as discontinued operations as the Recall Divestments 
met the criteria to be reported as assets and liabilities held for sale at, or within a short period of time following, the closing of 
the Recall Transaction. Accordingly, the results of operations for the Recall Divestments are presented as a component of 
discontinued operations in our Consolidated Statement of Operations and the cash flows associated with the Recall 
Divestments are presented as a component of cash flows from discontinued operations in our Consolidated Statement of Cash 
Flows for the year ended December 31, 2016.

33

The Australia Divestment Business and the Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments (each as defined in Note 6 to Notes to 

Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report) (collectively, the "Iron Mountain Divestments") do not meet 
the criteria to be reported as discontinued operations as our decision to divest the Iron Mountain Divestments does not represent 
a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations and financial results. Accordingly, the results of operations for 
the Iron Mountain Divestments are presented as a component of income (loss) from continuing operations in our Consolidated 
Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 and the cash flows associated with the Iron 
Mountain Divestments are presented as a component of cash flows from continuing operations in our Consolidated Statements 
of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016.

The Australia Divestment Business represents approximately $65.0 million and $44.0 million of total revenues and 
approximately $5.8 million and $1.1 million of total income from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2015 
and 2016, respectively. The Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments represent approximately $2.7 million of total revenues and 
approximately $1.5 million of total income from continuing operations for each of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 
2016, respectively. The Australia Divestment Business was previously included in our Other International Business segment 
and the Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments were previously included in our North American Records and Information 
Management Business segment.

See Note 14 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for additional information 

regarding the presentation of the Divestments in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of 
Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016.  

ii. International Shredding Operations 

In December 2014, we divested our secure shredding operations in Australia, Ireland and the United Kingdom (the 
"International Shredding Operations") in a stock transaction for approximately $26.2 million of cash at closing. The assets sold 
primarily consisted of customer contracts and certain long-lived assets. We concluded that this divestiture did not meet the 
requirements to be presented as a discontinued operation and, therefore, recorded a pretax gain on sale in other (income) 
expense, net of approximately $6.9 million ($10.2 million, inclusive of a tax benefit) in our Consolidated Statement of 
Operations for the year ended December 31, 2014. Revenues from our International Shredding Operations represented less than 
1% of our consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014. The International Shredding Operations in Australia 
were previously included in the Other International Business segment and the International Shredding Operations in Ireland 
and the United Kingdom were previously included in the Western European Business segment.

Cost Optimization Plans

i. Organizational Restructuring

During the third quarter of 2013, we implemented a plan that called for certain organizational realignments to advance our 

growth strategy and reduce operating costs (the “Organizational Restructuring”), which was completed in 2014. As a result of 
the Organizational Restructuring, we recorded a charge of $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily related 
to employee severance and associated benefits. Costs included in our results from operations associated with the Organizational 
Restructuring are as follows (in thousands):

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Total

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

$

1,228

2,247

3,475

$

$

— $

—

— $

—

—
—  

34

 
Costs recorded by segment associated with the Organizational Restructuring are as follows (in thousands):

North American Records and Information Management Business

$

1,560

$

— $

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

North American Data Management Business

Western European Business

Other International Business

Corporate and Other Business

Total

ii. Transformation Initiative

340

33

—

1,542

—

—

—

—

$

3,475

$

— $

—

—

—

—

—

—

During the third quarter of 2015, we implemented a plan that calls for certain organizational realignments to reduce our 

overhead costs, particularly in our developed markets, in order to optimize our selling, general and administrative cost structure 
and to support investments to advance our growth strategy (the “Transformation Initiative”), which is expected to be completed 
by the end of 2017. As a result of the Transformation Initiative, we recorded charges of $10.2 million and $6.0 million for the 
years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively, primarily related to employee severance and associated benefits. Costs 
included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations associated with the Transformation Initiative are as 
follows (in thousands): 

Year Ended December 31,
2015

2016

2014

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Total

$

$

— $

—

10,167

— $

—

— $

10,167

$

6,007
6,007  

Costs recorded by segment associated with the Transformation Initiative are as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

North American Records and Information Management Business

$

— $

5,403

$

2,329

North American Data Management Business

Western European Business

Other International Business
Corporate and Other Business
Total

—

—

—
—
— $

241

1,537

—
2,986
10,167

$

395

204

—
3,079
6,007

$

Through December 31, 2016, we have recorded cumulative charges to our Consolidated Statements of Operations 
associated with the Transformation Initiative of $16.2 million. As of December 31, 2016, we had $0.5 million accrued related 
to the Transformation Initiative. We expect the majority of this liability will be paid in the first half of 2017.

As we quantify incremental costs associated with future Transformation Initiative actions to achieve our $125.0 million 

cost reduction goal, we will disclose the relevant cost estimates and charges in the period that such actions are approved.

35

 
 
 
 
 
 
General

Our revenues consist of storage rental revenues as well as service revenues and are reflected net of sales and value added 

taxes. Storage rental revenues, which are considered a key driver of financial performance for the storage and information 
management services industry, consist primarily of recurring periodic rental charges related to the storage of materials or data 
(generally on a per unit basis) that are typically retained by customers for many years and technology escrow services that 
protect and manage source code. Service revenues include charges for related service activities, which include: (1) the handling 
of records, including the addition of new records, temporary removal of records from storage, refiling of removed records and 
the destruction of records; (2) courier operations, consisting primarily of the pickup and delivery of records upon customer 
request; (3) secure shredding of sensitive documents and the related sale of recycled paper, the price of which can fluctuate 
from period to period; (4) other services, including Information Governance and Digital Solutions, which relate to physical and 
digital records, and project revenues; (5) customer termination and permanent removal fees; (6) data restoration projects; (7) 
special project work; (8) fulfillment services; (9) consulting services; and (10) other technology services and product sales 
(including specially designed storage containers and related supplies). Our service revenue growth has been negatively 
impacted by declining activity rates as stored records are becoming less active. While customers continue to store their records 
and tapes with us, they are less likely than they have been in the past to retrieve records for research and other purposes, 
thereby reducing service activity levels.

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization) consists primarily of wages and benefits for field personnel, 
facility occupancy costs (including rent and utilities), transportation expenses (including vehicle leases and fuel), other product 
cost of sales and other equipment costs and supplies. Of these, wages and benefits and facility occupancy costs are the most 
significant. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of wages and benefits for management, 
administrative, information technology, sales, account management and marketing personnel, as well as expenses related to 
communications and data processing, travel, professional fees, bad debts, training, office equipment and supplies. Trends in 
facility occupancy costs are impacted by the total number of facilities we occupy, the mix of properties we own versus 
properties we occupy under operating leases, fluctuations in per square foot occupancy costs, and the levels of utilization of 
these properties. Trends in total wages and benefits in dollars and as a percentage of total consolidated revenue are influenced 
by changes in headcount and compensation levels, achievement of incentive compensation targets, workforce productivity and 
variability in costs associated with medical insurance and workers' compensation.

The expansion of our international businesses has impacted the major cost of sales components and selling, general and 

administrative expenses. Our international operations are more labor intensive than our operations in North America and, 
therefore, labor costs are a higher percentage of international segment revenue. In addition, the overhead structure of our 
expanding international operations has not achieved the same level of overhead leverage as our North American segments, 
which may result in an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of consolidated revenue, as our 
international operations become a more meaningful percentage of our consolidated results.

Our depreciation and amortization charges result primarily from the capital-intensive nature of our business. The principal 

components of depreciation relate to storage systems, which include racking structures, buildings, building and leasehold 
improvements and computer systems hardware and software. Amortization relates primarily to customer relationship intangible 
assets. Both depreciation and amortization are impacted by the timing of acquisitions.

36

Our consolidated revenues and expenses are subject to variations caused by the net effect of foreign currency translation 
incurred by our entities outside the United States. It is difficult to predict the future fluctuations of foreign currency exchange 
rates and how those fluctuations will impact our Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result of the relative size of our 
international operations, these fluctuations may be material on individual balances. Our revenues and expenses from our 
international operations are generally denominated in the local currency of the country in which they are derived or incurred. 
Therefore, the impact of currency fluctuations on our operating income and operating margin is partially mitigated. In order to 
provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed excluding the effect of foreign currency 
fluctuations, we compare the percentage change in the results from one period to another period in this report using constant 
currency presentation. The constant currency growth rates are calculated by translating the 2014 results at the 2015 average 
exchange rates and the 2015 results at the 2016 average exchange rates. Constant currency growth rates are a non-GAAP 
measure.

The following table is a comparison of underlying average exchange rates of the foreign currencies that had the most 

significant impact on our United States dollar-reported revenues and expenses:

Australian dollar

Brazilian real

British pound sterling

Canadian dollar

Euro

Australian dollar

Brazilian real

British pound sterling

Canadian dollar

Euro

Average Exchange
Rates for the
Year Ended
December 31,

2015

2016

0.753

0.305

1.529

0.784

1.110

$

$

$

$

$

0.744

0.288

1.356

0.755

1.107

Average Exchange
Rates for the
Year Ended
December 31,

2014

2015

0.902

0.426

1.648

0.906

1.329

$

$

$

$

$

0.753

0.305

1.529

0.784

1.110

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

Percentage
Strengthening /
(Weakening) of
Foreign Currency

(1.2)%

(5.6)%

(11.3)%

(3.7)%

(0.3)%

Percentage
Strengthening /
(Weakening) of
Foreign Currency

(16.5)%

(28.4)%

(7.2)%

(13.5)%

(16.5)%

37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-GAAP Measures

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as income (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, net, provision (benefit) 

for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and also excludes certain items that we believe are not indicative of our core 
operating results, specifically: (i) loss (gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), 
net; (ii) intangible impairments; (iii) other expense (income), net; (iv) gain on sale of real estate, net of tax; (v) Recall Costs; 
and (vi) REIT Costs (as defined below). Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by total 
revenues. We use multiples of current or projected Adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with our discounted cash flow models to 
determine our estimated overall enterprise valuation and to evaluate acquisition targets. We believe Adjusted EBITDA and 
Adjusted EBITDA Margin provide our current and potential investors with relevant and useful information regarding our 
ability to generate cash flow to support business investment. These measures are an integral part of the internal reporting 
system we use to assess and evaluate the operating performance of our business.

Adjusted EBITDA excludes both interest expense, net and the provision (benefit) for income taxes. These expenses are 
associated with our capitalization and tax structures, which we do not consider when evaluating the operating profitability of 
our core operations. Finally, Adjusted EBITDA does not include depreciation and amortization expenses, in order to eliminate 
the impact of capital investments, which we evaluate by comparing capital expenditures to incremental revenue generated and 
as a percentage of total revenues. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin should be considered in addition to, but not 
as a substitute for, other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with accounting principles generally 
accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"), such as operating income, income (loss) from continuing operations, net 
income (loss) or cash flows from operating activities from continuing operations (as determined in accordance with GAAP).

Reconciliation of Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations to Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations

Add/(Deduct):

Gain on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

Other Expense, Net

Interest Expense, Net

Loss (Gain) on Disposal/Write-Down of Property, Plant
and Equipment (Excluding Real Estate), Net

Depreciation and Amortization

Recall Costs

REIT Costs(1)

Adjusted EBITDA

Year Ended December 31,

2012
$ 182,707

2013
99,161

2014
$ 328,955

2015
$ 125,203

2016
$ 103,880

$

(206)
114,304

16,062

242,599

(1,417)
62,127

75,202

(8,307)
(97,275)
65,187

(850)
37,713

98,590

(2,180)
44,944

44,300

254,174

260,717

263,871

310,662

4,661

430

1,065

316,344

322,037

353,143

—

—

—

34,446

82,867

22,312

3,000

345,464

47,014

—

1,412

452,326

131,944

—

$ 910,917

$ 894,581

$ 925,797

$ 920,005

$1,087,288

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Includes costs associated with our conversion to a REIT, excluding REIT compliance costs beginning January 1, 2014 

("REIT Costs").

38

 
 
Adjusted EPS

Adjusted EPS is defined as reported earnings per share fully diluted from continuing operations excluding: (1) (gain) loss 

on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net; (2) gain on sale of real estate, net of tax; 
(3) intangible impairments; (4) other expense (income), net; (5) Recall Costs; (6) REIT Costs; and (7) the tax impact of 
reconciling items and discrete tax items. Adjusted EPS includes income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests. We do 
not believe these excluded items to be indicative of our ongoing operating results, and they are not considered when we are 
forecasting our future results. We believe Adjusted EPS is of value to our current and potential investors when comparing our 
results from past, present and future periods.

Reconciliation of Reported EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing Operations to Adjusted EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing 
Operations:

Year Ended December 31,

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Reported EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing Operations

$

1.04

$

0.52

$

1.67

$

0.59

$

0.41

Add/(Deduct):

Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Gain on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax
Other Expense, Net

Loss (Gain) on Disposal/Write-down of Property, Plant and
Equipment (Excluding Real Estate), Net

Recall Costs

REIT Costs

Tax Impact of Reconciling Items and Discrete Tax Items(1)

Adjusted EPS—Fully Diluted from Continuing Operations(2)

$

—

—
0.09

0.03

—

0.20

0.35

1.71

$

—
(0.01)
0.39

—

—

0.43

0.07

1.40

$

—
(0.04)
0.33

0.01

—

0.11
(0.72)
1.36

—

—
0.46

0.01

0.22

—
(0.07)
1.21

$

$

0.01
(0.01)
0.18

0.01

0.53

—
(0.06)
1.07

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  The difference between our effective tax rate and our structural tax rate (or adjusted effective tax rate) for the years 
ended December 31, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is primarily due to (i) the reconciling items above, which 
impact our reported income (loss) from continuing operations before (benefit) provision for income taxes but have an 
insignificant impact on our reported (benefit) provision for income taxes and (ii) other discrete tax items. Our 
structural tax rate for purposes of the calculation of Adjusted EPS for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013, 2014, 
2015 and 2016 was 15.0%, 15.0%, 14.4%, 16.8% and 18.5%, respectively.

(2)  Columns may not foot due to rounding.

39

 
 
FFO (NAREIT) and FFO (Normalized)

Funds from operations (“FFO”) is defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("NAREIT") and 
us as net income excluding depreciation on real estate assets and gain on sale of real estate, net of tax (“FFO (NAREIT)”). FFO 
(NAREIT) does not give effect to real estate depreciation because these amounts are computed, under GAAP, to allocate the 
cost of a property over its useful life. Because values for well-maintained real estate assets have historically increased or 
decreased based upon prevailing market conditions, we believe that FFO (NAREIT) provides investors with a clearer view of 
our operating performance. Our most directly comparable GAAP measure to FFO (NAREIT) is net income. Although NAREIT 
has published a definition of FFO, modifications to FFO (NAREIT) are common among REITs as companies seek to provide 
financial measures that most meaningfully reflect their particular business. Our definition of FFO (Normalized) excludes 
certain items included in FFO (NAREIT) that we believe are not indicative of our core operating results, specifically: (1) loss 
(gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net; (2) intangible impairments; (3) 
other expense (income), net; (4) deferred income taxes and REIT tax adjustments; (5) Recall Costs; (6) REIT Costs; (7) loss 
(income) from discontinued operations, net of tax; and (8) loss (gain) on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax.

Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to FFO (NAREIT) and FFO (Normalized) (in thousands):

Net Income (Loss)

Add/(Deduct):

Real Estate Depreciation(1)

Gain on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax(2)

FFO (NAREIT)

Add/(Deduct):

Year Ended December 31,

2014
$ 328,746

2015
$ 125,203

2016
$ 107,233

184,170
(8,307)
504,609

178,800
(850)
303,153

226,258
(2,180)
331,311

Loss on Disposal/Write-Down of Property, Plant and
Equipment (Excluding Real Estate), Net

Other Expense, Net(3)

Deferred Income Taxes and REIT Tax Adjustments(4)

Recall Costs

REIT Costs

Loss (Income) from Discontinued Operations, Net of
Tax(5)

1,065

65,187
(144,154)
—

22,312

209

3,000

98,590
(5,513)
47,014

—

—

FFO (Normalized)

$ 449,228

$ 446,244

_______________________________________________________________________________

1,412

44,300
(31,944)
131,944

—

(3,353)
$ 473,670

(1)  Includes depreciation expense related to real estate assets (land improvements, buildings, building improvements, 

leasehold improvements and racking).

(2)  Net of tax provision of $2.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 

2016, respectively.

(3)  Includes foreign currency transaction losses, net of $58.3 million, $70.9 million and $20.4 million in the years ended 

December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

(4)  REIT tax adjustments primarily include the impact of the repatriation of foreign earnings and accounting method 

changes related to our REIT conversion (including the impact of amended tax returns).

(5)  Net of tax provision of $0.0 million, $0.0 million and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 

2016, respectively.

40

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Consolidated 

Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements 
requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and 
expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and for the period then 
ended. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the estimates used. We base our estimates on historical experience, actuarial estimates, 
current conditions and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates 
form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and are not readily apparent from other 
sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Our critical accounting policies include the following, which are listed 
in no particular order:

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have 

been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. 
Storage rental and service revenues are recognized in the month the respective storage rental or service is provided, and 
customers are generally billed on a monthly basis on contractually agreed-upon terms. Amounts related to future storage rental 
or prepaid service contracts for customers where storage rental fees or services are billed in advance are accounted for as 
deferred revenue and recognized ratably over the period the applicable storage rental or service is provided or performed. 
Revenues from the sales of products, which are included as a component of service revenues, are recognized when products are 
shipped and title has passed to the customer. Revenues from the sales of products have historically not been significant.

Accounting for Acquisitions

Part of our growth strategy has included the acquisition by us of numerous businesses. The purchase price of each 

acquisition has been determined after due diligence of the target business, market research, strategic planning and the 
forecasting of expected future results and synergies. Estimated future results and expected synergies are subject to revisions as 
we integrate each acquisition and attempt to leverage resources.

Each acquisition has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting as defined under the applicable 
accounting standards at the date of each acquisition. Accounting for these acquisitions has resulted in the capitalization of the 
cost in excess of the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired in each of these acquisitions as goodwill. We estimate the 
fair values of the assets acquired in each acquisition as of the date of acquisition and these estimates are subject to adjustment 
based on the final assessments of the fair value of intangible assets (primarily customer relationship intangible assets), property, 
plant and equipment (primarily building and racking structures), operating leases, contingencies and income taxes (primarily 
deferred income taxes). We complete these assessments within one year of the date of acquisition, as we acquire additional 
information impacting our estimates as of the acquisition date. See Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
included in this Annual Report for a description of recent acquisitions. 

Determining the fair values of the net assets acquired requires management's judgment and often involves the use of 

assumptions with respect to future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates and market data, among other items. Due to the 
inherent uncertainty of future events, actual values of net assets acquired could be different from our estimated fair values and 
could have a material impact on our financial statements.

Of the net assets acquired in our acquisitions, the fair value of owned buildings, customer relationship intangible assets, 

racking structures and operating leases are generally the most common and most significant. For significant acquisitions or 
acquisitions involving new markets or new products, we generally use third parties to assist us in estimating the fair value of 
owned buildings, customer relationship intangible assets and market rental rates for acquired operating leases. For acquisitions 
that are not significant or do not involve new markets or new products, we generally use third parties to assist us in estimating 
the fair value of acquired owned buildings and market rental rates for acquired operating leases. When not using third party 
appraisals of the fair value of acquired net assets, the fair value of acquired customer relationship intangible assets and acquired 
racking structures is determined internally. The fair value of acquired racking structures is determined internally by taking 
current estimated replacement cost at the date of acquisition for the quantity of racking structures acquired, discounted to take 
into account the quality (e.g. age, material and type) of the racking structures. We use discounted cash flow models to 
determine the fair value of customer relationship intangible assets, which requires a significant amount of judgment by 
management, including estimating expected lives of the relationships, expected future cash flows and discount rates.

41

Of the key assumptions that impact the estimated fair values of customer relationship intangible assets, the expected 
future cash flows and discount rate are among the most sensitive and are considered to be critical assumptions. To illustrate the 
sensitivity of changes in key assumptions used in determining the fair value of customer relationship intangible assets acquired 
in the Recall Transaction (our most significant acquisition in fiscal year 2016), a hypothetical increase of 10% in the expected 
annual future cash flows attributable to the Recall Transaction, with all other assumptions unchanged, would have increased the 
calculated fair value of the acquired customer relationship intangible assets for the Recall Transaction by $70.9 million (or 
10.0%), with an offsetting decrease to goodwill. A hypothetical decrease of 100 basis points in the discount rate, with all other 
assumptions unchanged, would have increased the fair value of the acquired customer relationship intangible asset for the 
Recall Transaction by $96.6 million (or 13.6%), with an offsetting decrease to goodwill.

Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at that time but which are inherently 
uncertain and unpredictable. Assumptions may be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may 
occur, which may affect the accuracy of such assumptions.

Impairment of Tangible and Intangible Assets

        Assets subject to depreciation or amortization: We review long-lived assets and all finite-lived intangible assets for 
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. 
Examples of events or circumstances that may be indicative of impairment include, but are not limited to:

•  A significant decrease in the market price of an asset;
•  A significant change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset is being used or in its physical condition;
•  A significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of the asset;
•  An accumulation of costs significantly greater than the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction 

of an asset;  

•  A current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection 

or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset; and

•  A current expectation that, more likely than not, an asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the 

end of its previously estimated useful life.

If events indicate the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable, recoverability of these assets is determined by 

comparing the forecasted undiscounted net cash flows of the operation to which the assets relate to their carrying amount. The 
operations are generally distinguished by the business segment and geographic region in which they operate. If it is determined 
that we are unable to recover the carrying amount of the assets, the long-lived assets are written down, on a pro rata basis, to 
fair value. Fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows or appraised values, depending upon the nature of the 
assets.

Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization: Goodwill and intangible assets with 
indefinite lives are not amortized but are reviewed annually for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. 
Other than goodwill, we currently have no intangible assets that have indefinite lives and which are not amortized. 

We have selected October 1 as our annual goodwill impairment review date. We performed our annual goodwill 

impairment review as of October 1, 2014, 2015 and 2016, and concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of such dates. Our 
reporting units at which level we performed our goodwill impairment analysis as of October 1, 2016 were as follows: (1) North 
American Records and Information Management; (2) North American Secure Shredding; (3) North American Data 
Management; (4) Adjacent Businesses - Data Centers; (5) Adjacent Businesses - Consumer Storage; (6) Adjacent Businesses - 
Fine Arts; (7) Western Europe; (8) Northern and Eastern Europe; (9) Latin America; (10) Australia and New Zealand; (11) 
Southeast Asia; and (12) Africa and India. See Note 2.h. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual 
Report for a description of our reporting units.  

42

Based on our goodwill impairment analysis as of October 1, 2016, our North American Records and Information 
Management, North American Secure Shredding, North American Data Management, Adjacent Businesses - Data Centers, 
Western Europe and Northern and Eastern Europe reporting units had estimated fair values that exceeded their carrying values 
by greater than 25%. These reporting units represent approximately $3,272.5 million, or 83.8%, of our consolidated goodwill 
balance at December 31, 2016. Our Adjacent Businesses - Consumer Storage, Adjacent Businesses - Fine Arts, Latin America, 
Australia and New Zealand, Southeast Asia and Africa and India reporting units had estimated fair values that exceeded their 
carrying values by less than 25%. These reporting units represent approximately $632.5 million, or 16.2%, of our consolidated 
goodwill balance at December 31, 2016. The estimated fair values and carrying values of each of these reporting units were 
significantly impacted by recent acquisitions, specifically the Recall Transaction (in the case of the Latin America, Australia 
and New Zealand and Southeast Asia reporting units) and certain other acquisitions completed during 2015 and 2016 (in the 
case of the Adjacent Businesses - Consumer Storage, Adjacent Businesses - Fine Arts and Africa and India reporting units). As 
of December 31, 2016, no factors were identified that would alter our October 1, 2016 goodwill impairment analysis. In 
making this assessment, we considered a number of factors including operating results, business plans, anticipated future cash 
flows, transactions and marketplace data. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and our judgment in applying 
them to the analysis of goodwill impairment. When changes occur in the composition of one or more reporting units, the 
goodwill is reassigned to the reporting units affected based on their relative fair values. 

Reporting unit valuations have been determined using a combined approach based on the present value of future cash 
flows and market multiples of revenues and earnings. The income approach incorporates many assumptions including future 
growth rates and operating margins, discount rate factors, expected capital expenditures and income tax cash flows. Changes in 
economic and operating conditions impacting these assumptions could result in goodwill impairments in future periods. In 
conjunction with our annual goodwill impairment reviews, we reconcile the sum of the valuations of all of our reporting units 
to our market capitalization as of such dates.

Although we believe we have sufficient historical and projected information available to us to test for goodwill 

impairment, it is possible that actual results could differ from the estimates used in our impairment tests. Of the key 
assumptions that impact the goodwill impairment test, the expected future cash flows and discount rate are among the most 
sensitive and are considered to be critical assumptions, as changes to these estimates could have an effect on the estimated fair 
value of each of our reporting units. We have assessed the sensitivity of these assumptions on each of our reporting units as of 
October 1, 2016. With respect to the North American Records and Information Management, North American Secure 
Shredding, North American Data Management, Adjacent Businesses - Data Centers, Western Europe and Northern and Eastern 
Europe reporting units as of October 1, 2016, we noted that, based on the estimated fair value of these reporting units 
determined as of October 1, 2016, (i) a hypothetical decrease of 10% in the expected annual future cash flows of these 
reporting units, with all other assumptions unchanged, would have decreased the estimated fair value of these reporting units as 
of October 1, 2016 by a range of approximately 9.9% to 10.4% but would not, however, have resulted in the carrying value of 
any of these reporting units with goodwill exceeding their estimated fair value; and (ii) a hypothetical increase of 100 basis 
points in the discount rate, with all other assumptions unchanged, would have decreased the estimated fair value of these 
reporting units as of October 1, 2016 by a range of approximately 5.8% to 14.1% but would not, however, have resulted in the 
carrying value of any of these reporting units with goodwill exceeding their estimated fair value. With respect to the Adjacent 
Businesses - Consumer Storage, Adjacent Businesses - Fine Arts, Latin America, Australia and New Zealand, Southeast Asia 
and Africa and India reporting units as of October 1, 2016, we noted that the estimated fair value of these reporting units as of 
October 1, 2016 closely approximates their carrying value, as each of these reporting units has been significantly impacted by 
recent acquisitions. Accordingly, any significant negative change in either the expected annual future cash flows of these 
reporting units or the discount rate may result in the carrying value of these reporting units exceeding their estimated fair value.

43

Income Taxes

As a REIT, we are generally permitted to deduct from our federal taxable income the dividends we pay to our 

stockholders. The income represented by such dividends is not subject to federal taxation at the entity level but is taxed, if at 
all, at the stockholder level. The income of our domestic TRSs, which hold our domestic operations that may not be REIT-
compliant as currently operated and structured, is subject, as applicable, to federal and state corporate income tax. In addition, 
we and our subsidiaries continue to be subject to foreign income taxes in jurisdictions in which we have business operations or 
a taxable presence, regardless of whether assets are held or operations are conducted through subsidiaries disregarded for 
federal tax purposes or TRSs. We will also be subject to a separate corporate income tax on any gains recognized during a five-
year period following the REIT conversion that are attributable to "built-in" gains with respect to the assets that we owned on 
January 1, 2014. This built-in gains tax has been imposed on our depreciation recapture recognized into income as a result of 
accounting method changes commenced in our pre-REIT period and in connection with the Recall Transaction. If we fail to 
remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate tax rates. As a REIT, we 
may be subject to some federal, state, local and foreign taxes on our income and property in addition to taxes owed with respect 
to our TRS operations. In particular, while state income tax regimes often parallel the federal income tax regime for REITs, 
many states do not completely follow federal rules and some do not follow them at all.

Accounting for income taxes requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax 

consequences of temporary differences between the tax and financial reporting bases of assets and liabilities and for loss and 
credit carryforwards. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable 
income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect 
on deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that the change is 
enacted. Valuation allowances are provided when recovery of deferred tax assets does not meet the more likely than not 
standard as defined in GAAP. Valuation allowances would be reversed as a reduction to the provision for income taxes if 
related deferred tax assets are deemed realizable based on changes in facts and circumstances relevant to the recoverability of 
the asset.

We have federal net operating loss carryforwards, which expire from 2023 through 2033, of $67.1 million at December 

31, 2016 to reduce future federal taxable income, of which $1.2 million of federal tax benefit is expected to be realized. We can 
carry forward these net operating losses to the extent we do not utilize them in any given available year. We have state net 
operating loss carryforwards, which expire from 2017 through 2035, of which an insignificant state tax benefit is expected to be 
realized. We have assets for foreign net operating losses of $97.5 million, with various expiration dates (and in some cases no 
expiration date), subject to a valuation allowance of approximately 73%. If actual results differ unfavorably from certain of our 
estimates used, we may not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred income tax assets and additional valuation 
allowances may be required. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that our estimates 
reflected in the tax provisions and accruals will equal our actual results. These differences could have a material impact on our 
income tax provision and operating results in the period in which such determination is made.

The evaluation of an uncertain tax position is a two-step process. The first step is a recognition process whereby we 
determine whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any 
related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The second step is a measurement process 
whereby a tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is calculated to determine the amount of 
benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 
50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. We are subject to examination by 

various tax authorities in jurisdictions in which we have business operations or a taxable presence. We regularly assess the 
likelihood of additional assessments by tax authorities and provide for these matters as appropriate. As of December 31, 2015 
and 2016, we had approximately $47.7 million and $59.5 million, respectively, of reserves related to uncertain tax positions. 
The reversal of these reserves will be recorded as a reduction of our income tax provision if sustained. Although we believe our 
tax estimates are appropriate, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could result in changes in our 
estimates.

44

Prior to our conversion to a REIT, we had not previously provided incremental federal and certain state income taxes on 

net tax over book outside basis differences related to the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries because our intent, prior to our 
conversion to a REIT, was to reinvest our current and future undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries indefinitely 
outside the United States. During 2014, as a result of our conversion to a REIT, we reassessed our intentions regarding the 
indefinite reinvestment of such undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries outside the United States (the "2014 Indefinite 
Reinvestment Assessment"). As a result of the 2014 Indefinite Reinvestment Assessment, we concluded, at that time, that it was 
no longer our intent to indefinitely reinvest our current and future undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries outside the 
United States, and, therefore, during 2014, we recognized an increase in our provision for income taxes from continuing 
operations in the amount of $46.4 million, representing incremental federal and state income taxes and foreign withholding 
taxes on such foreign earnings. 

During 2016, as a result of the closing of the Recall Transaction and the subsequent integration of Recall’s operations into 

our operations, we again reassessed our intentions regarding the indefinite reinvestment of such undistributed earnings of our 
foreign subsidiaries outside the United States (the “2016 Indefinite Reinvestment Assessment”). As a result of the 2016 
Indefinite Reinvestment Assessment, we concluded that it is our intent to indefinitely reinvest our current and future 
undistributed earnings of certain of our unconverted foreign TRSs outside the United States, and, therefore, during 2016, we 
recognized a decrease in our provision for income taxes from continuing operations in the amount of $3.3 million, representing 
the reversal of previously recognized incremental foreign withholding taxes on the earnings of such unconverted foreign TRSs.  
As a result of the 2016 Indefinite Reinvestment Assessment, we no longer provide incremental foreign withholding taxes on the 
retained book earnings of these unconverted foreign TRSs, which was approximately $195.7 million as of December 31, 2016. 
As a REIT, future repatriation of incremental undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries will not be subject to federal or 
state income tax, with the exception of foreign withholding taxes in limited instances; however, such future repatriations will 
require distribution in accordance with REIT distribution rules, and any such distribution may then be taxable, as appropriate, 
at the stockholder level. We continue, however, to provide for incremental foreign withholding taxes on net book over outside 
basis differences related to the earnings of our foreign QRSs and certain other foreign TRSs (excluding unconverted foreign 
TRSs).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2.w. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for a description of recently 

issued accounting pronouncements, including those recently adopted.

45

Results of Operations

Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2016 to Year Ended December 31, 2015 and Comparison of Year Ended 

December 31, 2015 to Year Ended December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

Revenues

Operating Expenses

Operating Income

Other Expenses, Net

Income from Continuing Operations

Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

Net Income

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Net Income Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated $

$

$

Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA Margin(1)

Revenues
Operating Expenses
Operating Income
Other Expenses, Net
Income from Continuing Operations
Loss from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

Net Income

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Year Ended December 31,

$

2015
3,007,976

2,483,449

2016
3,511,453

3,009,847

501,606

397,726

103,880

3,353

107,233

2,409

104,824

1,087,288

$

$

$

Dollar
Change
503,477

$

526,398
(22,921)
(1,598)
(21,323)
3,353
(17,970)
447
(18,417)
167,283

Percentage
Change

16.7 %

21.2 %

(4.4)%

(0.4)%

(17.0)%

100.0 %

(14.4)%

22.8 %

(14.9)%

18.2 %

524,527

399,324

125,203

—

125,203

1,962

123,241

920,005

30.6%

31.0%

Year Ended December 31,

$

2014
3,117,693
2,568,416
549,277
220,322
328,955
(209)
328,746
2,627
326,119
925,797

2015
3,007,976
2,483,449
524,527
399,324
125,203
—
125,203
1,962
123,241
920,005

30.6%

$

$

$

$
$

Dollar
Change
(109,717)
(84,967)
(24,750)
179,002
(203,752)
209
(203,543)
(665)
(202,878)
(5,792)

Percentage
Change

(3.5)%
(3.3)%
(4.5)%
81.2 %
(61.9)%
(100.0)%
(61.9)%
(25.3)%
(62.2)%
(0.6)%

Net Income Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated $
$

Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Adjusted EBITDA Margin(1)
_______________________________________________________________________________

29.7%

$
$

(1)  See "Non-GAAP Measures—Adjusted EBITDA" in this Annual Report for the definition, reconciliation and a 

discussion of why we believe these measures provide relevant and useful information to our current and potential 
investors.

46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REVENUES

Storage Rental
Service

Total Revenues

Storage Rental
Service

Total Revenues

Year Ended December 31,

2015
1,837,897
1,170,079
3,007,976

$

$

2016
2,142,905
1,368,548
3,511,453

Dollar
Change
305,008
198,469
503,477

$

$

Percentage Change

Actual

Constant
Currency(1)

Internal
Growth(2)

16.6%
17.0%
16.7%

19.1%
19.9%
19.4%

2.3 %
(0.6)%
1.2 %

Percentage Change

Year Ended December 31,

2014
1,860,243
1,257,450
3,117,693

$

$

2015
1,837,897
1,170,079
3,007,976

Dollar
Change

Actual

Constant
Currency(1)

Internal
Growth(2)

$

(22,346)
(87,371)
$ (109,717)

(1.2)%
(6.9)%
(3.5)%

4.0 %
(0.9)%
2.1 %

2.7 %
(0.4)%
1.5 %

$

$

$

$

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Constant currency growth rates are calculated by translating the 2015 results at the 2016 average exchange rates and 

the 2014 results at the 2015 average exchange rates.

(2)  Our internal revenue growth rate, which is a non-GAAP measure, represents the weighted average year-over-year 

growth rate of our revenues excluding the impact of business acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange 
rate fluctuations. The revenues generated by Recall have been integrated with our existing revenues and it is 
impracticable for us to determine actual Recall revenue contribution for the applicable periods. Therefore, our internal 
revenue growth rates exclude the impact of revenues associated with the Recall Transaction based upon forecasted or 
budgeted Recall revenues beginning in the third quarter of 2016. Our internal revenue growth rate includes the impact 
of acquisitions of customer relationships.

Storage Rental Revenues

Consolidated storage rental revenues increased $305.0 million, or 16.6%, to $2,142.9 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2016 from $1,837.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. In the year ended December 31, 2016, the 
net impact of acquisitions/divestitures and consolidated internal storage rental revenue growth were partially offset by 
unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The net impact of  
acquisitions/divestitures contributed 16.8% to the reported storage rental revenue growth rate for the year ended December 31, 
2016 compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily driven by our acquisition of Recall. Internal storage rental 
revenue growth of 2.3% in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 was driven by 
internal storage rental revenue growth of 1.0%, 2.0%, 0.8% and 8.5% in our North American Records and Information 
Management Business, North American Data Management Business, Western European Business and Other International 
Business segments, respectively, primarily driven by volume increases. Excluding the impact of acquisitions, global records 
management net volumes as of December 31, 2016 increased by 1.7% over the ending volume as of December 31, 2015. These 
increases were partially offset by the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which decreased our reported 
storage rental revenue growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2016 by 2.5%, compared to the comparable prior year 
period. Global records management reported net volumes, including the impact of acquisitions, as of December 31, 2016 
increased by 26.3% over the ending volume at December 31, 2015, supported by volume increases across each of our 
reportable operating segments, primarily associated with the acquisition of Recall. Consolidated storage rental revenues 
decreased $22.3 million, or 1.2%, to $1,837.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from $1,860.2 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2014. In the year ended December 31, 2015, consolidated internal storage rental revenue growth and the 
net impact of acquisitions/divestitures were offset by unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates compared to 
the comparable prior year period. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported storage rental revenue 
growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 by 5.2%, compared to the comparable prior year period. This decrease was 
partially offset by internal storage rental revenue growth of 2.7% in the year ended December 31, 2015, as well as the net 
impact of acquisitions/divestitures of 1.3% in the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the comparable prior year period. 
Our consolidated storage rental revenue growth in 2015 was driven by internal storage rental revenue growth of 0.1%, 4.2%, 
2.7% and 10.8% in our North American Records and Information Management Business, North American Data Management 
Business, Western European Business and Other International Business segments, respectively.

47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service Revenues

Consolidated service revenues increased $198.5 million, or 17.0%, to $1,368.5 million for the year ended December 31, 

2016 from $1,170.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. In the year ended December 31, 2016, the net impact of 
acquisitions/divestitures was partially offset by negative consolidated internal service revenue growth and unfavorable 
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The net impact of acquisitions/
divestitures contributed 20.5% to the reported service revenue growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 
the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily driven by our acquisition of Recall. Internal service revenue growth was negative 
0.6% for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to the comparable prior year period. The negative internal service 
revenue growth for the year ended December 31, 2016 reflects reduced retrieval/re-file activity and a related decrease in 
transportation revenues within our North American Records and Information Management Business and Western European 
Business segments, as well as continued declines in service revenue activity levels in our North American Data Management 
Business segment, as the storage business becomes more archival in nature. In the North American Records and Information 
Management Business segment, our internal service revenue growth rate of 1.0% for the year ended December 31, 2016 was 
driven by special project revenue recognized in the first quarter of 2016 and growth in secure shredding revenues, as well as the 
stabilization in recent periods of the decline in retrieval/re-file activity and the related decrease in transportation revenues. Our 
internal service revenue growth rates of negative 9.8% and negative 5.6% for the year ended December 31, 2016 in our North 
American Data Management and Western European Business segments, respectively, are reflecting more recent reductions in 
retrieval/re-file activity and the related decrease in transportation revenues. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations 
decreased our reported total service revenues by 2.9% in 2016 over 2015. Consolidated service revenues decreased $87.4 
million, or 6.9%, to $1,170.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from $1,257.5 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2014. Internal service revenue growth was negative 0.4% for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 
the comparable prior year period. The negative internal service revenue growth for the year ended December 31, 2015 reflects 
reduced retrieval/re-file activity and a related decrease in transportation revenues within our North American Records and 
Information Management Business segment, as well as continued declines in service revenue activity levels in our North 
American Data Management Business segment. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported total 
service revenues by 6.0% in 2015 over 2014. Net acquisitions/divestitures decreased reported service revenues by 0.5% for the 
year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to a $23.7 million reduction in 
consolidated service revenue associated with the disposition of our International Shredding Operations. 

Total Revenues

For the reasons stated above, our consolidated revenues increased $503.5 million, or 16.7%, to $3,511.5 million for the 
year ended December 31, 2016 from $3,008.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The net impact of acquisitions/
divestitures contributed 18.2% to the reported consolidated revenue growth rates for the year ended December 31, 2016 
compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily driven by our acquisition of Recall. Consolidated internal revenue 
growth was 1.2% in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the comparable prior year period. These increases were 
partially offset by the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which decreased our reported consolidated 
revenue by 2.7% in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily due to the 
weakening of the Australian dollar, Brazilian real, British pound sterling, Canadian dollar and the Euro against the United 
States dollar, based on an analysis of weighted average rates for the comparable periods. Our consolidated revenues decreased 
$109.7 million, or 3.5%, to $3,008.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from $3,117.7 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2014. For the year ended December 31, 2015, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported 
consolidated revenues by 5.6%, compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily due to the weakening of the Australian 
dollar, Brazilian real, British pound sterling, Canadian dollar and the Euro against the United States dollar, based on an analysis 
of weighted average rates for the comparable periods. This decrease was partially offset by consolidated internal revenue 
growth of 1.5% in the year ended December 31, 2015 as well as the net impact of acquisitions/divestitures of 0.6% in the year 
ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014.

48

Internal Growth—Eight-Quarter Trend

2015

2016

First
Quarter

Second
Quarter

Third
Quarter

Fourth
Quarter

First
Quarter

Second
Quarter

Storage Rental Revenue
Service Revenue
Total Revenue

3.0 %
(1.0)%
1.4 %

2.7%
—%
1.6%

2.8 %
(0.9)%
1.3 %

2.2%
0.3%
1.4%

2.2%
1.6%
2.0%

2.1 %
(2.1)%
0.4 %

_______________________________________________________________________________

Third
Quarter(1)
2.1 %
(1.3)%
0.8 %

Fourth
Quarter

2.9 %
(0.9)%
1.4 %

(1)  During the fourth quarter of 2016, we determined that our internal revenue growth rates for the three and nine months 
ended September 30, 2016 were incorrectly calculated in our Other International Business segment. Approximately 
$4.4 million of revenue associated with the Recall Transaction was attributed to our business as it existed prior to the 
Recall Transaction. This incorrect calculation impacted our previously reported internal revenue growth rates for our 
Other International Business segment as well as our consolidated internal revenue growth rates. The corrected internal 
storage rental revenue, internal service revenue and internal total revenue growth rates for our Other International 
Business segment were 7.5%, 1.6% and 5.0%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 8.5%, 
5.9% and 7.4%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Our corrected consolidated internal 
storage rental revenue, internal service revenue and internal total revenue growth rates were 2.1%, (1.3)% and 0.8%, 
respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2.1%, (0.5)% and 1.1%, respectively, for the nine 
months ended September 30, 2016. Management has assessed, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the impact of this 
incorrect calculation of our internal revenue growth rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 
concluded that such changes were not material to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 
30, 2016. 

We expect our consolidated internal storage rental revenue growth rate for 2017 to be approximately 2.0% to 2.5%. 
During the past eight quarters, our internal storage rental revenue growth rate has ranged between 2.1% and 3.0%. Our internal 
storage rental revenue growth rates have been relatively stable over the past two fiscal years, as internal storage rental revenue 
growth for full year 2015 and 2016 were 2.7% and 2.3%, respectively. At various points in the economic cycle, internal storage 
rental revenue growth may be influenced by changes in pricing and volume. Within our international portfolio, the Western 
European Business segment is generating consistent low single-digit internal storage rental revenue growth, while the Other 
International Business segment is producing high single-digit internal storage rental revenue growth by capturing the first-time 
outsourcing trends for physical records storage and management in those markets. The internal growth rate for service revenue 
is inherently more volatile than the internal growth rate for storage rental revenues due to the more discretionary nature of 
certain services we offer, such as large special projects, and, as a commodity, the volatility of pricing for recycled paper. These 
revenues, which are often event-driven and impacted to a greater extent by economic downturns as customers defer or cancel 
the purchase of certain services as a way to reduce their short-term costs, may be difficult to replicate in future periods. The 
internal growth rate for total service revenues over the past eight quarters reflects reduced retrieval/re-file activity and a related 
decrease in transportation revenues within our North American Records and Information Management Business and Western 
European Business segments, as well as continued service declines in service revenue activity levels in our North American 
Data Management Business segment as the storage business becomes more archival in nature.

49

 
 
OPERATING EXPENSES

Cost of Sales

Consolidated cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization) consists of the following expenses (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

$

$

2015
647,082

425,882

101,240

115,821

—

2016
756,525

522,696

132,183

144,410

11,963

Dollar
Change
109,443

$

96,814

30,943

28,589

11,963

Percentage
Change

% of
Consolidated
Revenues

Actual

16.9%

22.7%

30.6%

Constant
Currency

2015
20.1% 21.5% 21.5%

2016

25.9% 14.2% 14.9%

33.6% 3.4%

3.8%

24.7%

28.5% 3.9%

100.0%

100.0% —%

4.1%

0.3%

$

1,290,025

$

1,567,777

$

277,752

21.5%

24.8% 42.9% 44.6%

Year Ended December 31,

$

$

2014
674,658

440,408

118,027

$

2015
647,082

425,882

101,240

111,543

115,821

$

1,344,636

$

1,290,025

$

Dollar
Change

(27,576)
(14,526)
(16,787)

4,278
(54,611)

Percentage
Change

% of
Consolidated
Revenues

Actual

(4.1)%

(3.3)%

Constant
Currency

2014
2.8 % 21.6% 21.5%

2015

2.7 % 14.1% 14.2%

(14.2)%

(9.5)% 3.8%

3.4%

3.8 %

(4.1)%

12.9 % 3.6%

3.9%

2.5 % 43.1% 42.9%

Percentage
Change
(Favorable)/
Unfavorable

—%

0.7%

0.4%

0.2%

0.3%

1.7%

Percentage
Change
(Favorable)/
Unfavorable

(0.1)%

0.1 %

(0.4)%

0.3 %

(0.2)%

Labor

Facilities

Transportation

Product Cost of
Sales and Other

Recall Costs

Labor

Facilities

Transportation

Product Cost of
Sales and Other

Labor

Labor expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenues were flat during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 

the year ended December 31, 2015, as decreases in labor expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenue in our North 
American Records and Information Management Business segment were offset by an increase in labor expenses as a 
percentage of consolidated revenue in our Other International Business segment. The 75 basis point decrease in labor expenses 
as a percentage of consolidated revenue associated with our North American Records and Information Management Business 
segment (11.92% in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 12.67% in the comparable prior year period) was 
primarily associated with wages and benefits growing at a lower rate than revenue, partially attributable to synergies associated 
with our acquisition of Recall. The 52 basis point increase in labor expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenue associated 
with our Other International Business segment (4.58% in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 4.06% in the 
comparable prior year period) was primarily associated with increased wages and benefits. Labor expenses for the year ended 
December 31, 2016 increased by $126.4 million, or 20.1%, on a constant dollar basis compared to the comparable prior year 
period, primarily driven by our acquisition of Recall. 

Labor expense decreased to 21.5% of consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to 21.6% 
for the year ended December 31, 2014. Labor expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased by 2.8% on a constant 
dollar basis compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. This increase was primarily due to a $14.6 million increase in 
labor costs in our Other International Business segment, primarily associated with the impact of recent acquisitions, and a $7.0 
million increase in labor costs in our North American Records and Information Management Business segment, primarily 
associated with an increase in medical expenses. These increases were partially offset by a $1.2 million reduction in 
restructuring costs associated with the Organizational Restructuring (primarily related to our North American Records and 
Information Management Business segment) in the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 
2014.

50

 
 
 
 
 
Facilities

Facilities expenses increased to 14.9% of consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 
14.2% for the year ended December 31, 2015. The 70 basis point increase in facilities expenses as a percentage of consolidated 
revenues was driven primarily by an increase in rent expense as a result of the acquisition of Recall, as Recall's real estate 
portfolio contains a more significant proportion of leased facilities than our real estate portfolio as it existed prior to the closing 
of the Recall Transaction, partially offset by a decrease in other facilities costs. We expect this trend in rent expense to continue 
through the first quarter of 2017 and stabilize thereafter. The decrease in other facilities costs was primarily driven by lower 
utilities and building maintenance costs associated with our North American Records and Information Management Business 
segment, as well as lower property taxes associated with our Western European Business segment. Facilities expenses for the 
year ended December 31, 2016 increased by $107.6 million, or 25.9%, on a constant dollar basis compared to the comparable 
prior year period, primarily driven by our acquisition of Recall. 

Facilities expenses increased to 14.2% of consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 

14.1% for the year ended December 31, 2014. Rent expense increased by $6.7 million on a constant dollar basis for the year 
ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily driven by increased costs in our Other 
International Business segment. Other facilities costs increased by $4.6 million on a constant dollar basis for the year ended 
December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to higher property taxes and common area 
charges of $3.4 million and building maintenance and security costs of $4.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in insurance 
costs of $3.6 million primarily associated with insurance deductibles related to a fire at one of our facilities in Buenos Aires, 
Argentina in February 2014.

Transportation

Transportation expenses increased to 3.8% of consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 
3.4% for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in transportation expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenues 
was driven by a 40 basis point increase in third party carrier costs as a percentage of consolidated revenues, primarily 
associated with our Other International Business segment. Transportation expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 
increased by $33.3 million, or 33.6%, on a constant dollar basis compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily driven 
by our acquisition of Recall. 

Transportation expenses decreased by $10.6 million on a constant dollar basis during the year ended December 31, 2015 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2014 primarily as a result of decreased fuel and insurance costs of $7.9 million and 
$3.2 million, respectively. 

Product Cost of Sales and Other

Product cost of sales and other, which includes cartons, media and other service, storage and supply costs and is highly 

correlated to service revenue streams, particularly project revenues, was driven mainly by special project costs. Product cost of 
sales and other increased by $32.1 million, or 28.5%, on a constant dollar basis compared to the comparable prior year period, 
primarily driven by our acquisition of Recall. 

For the year ended December 31, 2015, product cost of sales and other increased by $4.3 million compared to the year 

ended December 31, 2014 on an actual basis, primarily due to an increase in costs associated with special projects. 

Recall Costs

Recall Costs included in cost of sales were $12.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, and primarily consisted 

of employee severance costs.

51

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consists of the following expenses (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2016

Dollar
Change

Actual

Constant
Currency

Percentage
Change

% of
Consolidated
Revenues

2015

2016

Percentage
Change
(Favorable)/
Unfavorable

General and
Administrative

Sales, Marketing &
Account Management

Information Technology

Bad Debt Expense

Recall Costs

$

468,959

$

504,545

$

35,586

7.6 %

10.2 % 15.6% 14.4%

(1.2)%

214,029

99,632

15,326

47,014

238,178

116,923

8,705

119,981

24,149

17,291
(6,621)
72,967

11.3 %

17.4 %

13.8 % 7.1% 6.8%

20.3 % 3.3% 3.3%

(43.2)% (43.1)% 0.5% 0.2%

155.2 % 155.2 % 1.6% 3.4%

$

844,960

$

988,332

$ 143,372

17.0 %

19.6 % 28.1% 28.1%

(0.3)%

— %

(0.3)%

1.8 %

— %

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

Dollar
Change

Actual

Constant
Currency

Percentage
Change

% of
Consolidated
Revenues

2014

2015

Percentage
Change
(Favorable)/
Unfavorable

General and
Administrative

Sales, Marketing &
Account Management

Information Technology

Bad Debt Expense

Recall Costs

$

538,657

$

468,959

$ (69,698)

(12.9)%

(8.6)% 17.3% 15.6%

(1.7)%

213,532

103,174

14,209

—

214,029

99,632

15,326

47,014

$

869,572

$

844,960

497
(3,542)
1,117

0.2 %

(3.4)%

7.9 %

5.0 % 6.8% 7.1%

1.1 % 3.3% 3.3%

10.6 % 0.5% 0.5%

47,014
$ (24,612)

100.0 % 100.0 % —% 1.6%

(2.8)%

1.9 % 27.9% 28.1%

0.3 %

— %

— %

1.6 %

0.2 %

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses decreased to 14.4% of consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 

compared to 15.6% for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease in general and administrative expenses as a 
percentage of consolidated revenues was driven mainly by a decrease in compensation expense, primarily associated with 
wages and benefits growing at a lower rate than revenue, partially attributable to the Transformation Initiative and synergies 
associated with our acquisition of Recall, a decrease in professional fees and decreased travel and entertainment expenses. 
General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 increased by $46.7 million, or 10.2%, on a constant 
dollar basis compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily driven by our acquisition of Recall. 

General and administrative expenses decreased to 15.6% of consolidated revenues during the year ended December 31, 

2015 compared to 17.3% in the year ended December 31, 2014. On a constant dollar basis, general and administrative expenses 
decreased by $44.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. This 
decrease is primarily due to a $22.3 million decrease in REIT Costs, a $10.4 million decrease in general and administrative 
expenses, primarily related to professional fees, associated with our Corporate and Other Business segment, a $9.9 million 
decrease in professional fees associated with our North American Records and Information Management Business segment, a 
$3.0 million decrease in general and administrative expenses associated with our Other International Business segment and a 
$1.8 million decrease in restructuring costs associated with the Organization Restructuring, partially offset by a $6.1 million 
increase in costs associated with the Transformation Initiative.

52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales, Marketing & Account Management

Sales, marketing and account management expenses decreased to 6.8% of consolidated revenues during the year ended 

December 31, 2016 compared to 7.1% in 2015. The decrease was driven by a decrease in sales, marketing and account 
management expenses in our North American Records and Information Management Business segment, primarily associated 
with compensation growing at a lower rate than revenue, partially attributable to the Transformation Initiative and synergies 
associated with our acquisition of Recall. Sales, marketing and account management expenses for the year ended December 31, 
2016 increased by $28.9 million, or 13.8%, on a constant dollar basis compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily 
driven by our acquisition of Recall.

Sales, marketing and account management expenses increased to 7.1% of consolidated revenues during the year ended 

December 31, 2015 compared to 6.8% in 2014. On a constant dollar basis, sales, marketing and account management expenses 
during the year ended December 31, 2015 increased by $10.2 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2014 primarily 
due to an increase in compensation expenses of $7.6 million, primarily associated with higher sales commissions in our North 
American Data Management Business segment, as well as an increase in marketing expenses of $2.1 million.

Information Technology

Information technology expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenue were flat during the year ended December 31, 

2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015, as increases in information technology expenses as a percentage of 
consolidated revenues in our Corporate and Other Business segment were offset by decreases in information technology 
expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenue in our North American Records and Information Management Business and 
Western European Business segments. Information technology expenses in our Corporate and Other Business segment 
increased due mainly to higher software maintenance and license fees while decreases in information technology expenses 
across our North American Records and Information Management and Western European Business segments were primarily 
due to decreased compensation expense. Information technology expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 increased by 
$19.7 million, or 20.3%, on a constant dollar basis compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily driven by our 
acquisition of Recall. 

On a constant dollar basis, information technology expenses increased $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 

2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014 primarily due to increased compensation expenses of $1.7 million.

Bad Debt Expense

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts that is calculated based on our past loss experience, current and prior 

trends in our aged receivables, current economic conditions, and specific circumstances of individual receivable balances. We 
continue to monitor our customers' payment activity and make adjustments based on their financial condition and in light of 
historical and expected trends. Consolidated bad debt expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 decreased to 0.2% of 
consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 0.5% for the year ended December 31, 2015. Bad 
debt expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 decreased by $6.6 million, or 43.1%, on a constant dollar basis compared 
to the comparable prior year period. This decrease in bad debt expense was primarily driven by lower bad debt expense 
associated with our North American Records and Information Management Business segment.

Consolidated bad debt expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 increased $1.1 million to $15.3 million (0.5% of 

consolidated revenues) from $14.2 million (0.5% of consolidated revenues) for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Recall Costs

Recall Costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses were $120.0 million for the year ended 

December 31, 2016, primarily consisting of advisory and professional fees, as well as severance costs. Recall Costs included in 
selling, general and administrative expenses were $47.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily consisting of 
advisory and professional fees.

53

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation expense increased $64.3 million, or 21.3%, on a reported dollar basis ($70.0 million, or 23.7%, on a 
constant dollar basis) for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily due to 
the increased depreciation of property, plant and equipment acquired in the Recall Transaction. In particular, the increase in 
depreciation expense was driven by (1) the depreciation of leasehold improvements acquired in the Recall Transaction, which 
are depreciated using the straight-line method over a period of the shorter of (i) the useful life of the leasehold improvements, 
(ii) 10 years or (iii) the life of the lease and (2) the depreciation of racking structures included in leased facilities acquired in the 
Recall Transaction, which are depreciated using the straight-line method over a period of the shorter of (i) the useful life of the 
racking structures, (ii) 20 years or (iii) the life of the lease. See Note 2.f. to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
included in this Annual Report for additional information regarding the useful lives over which our property, plant and 
equipment is depreciated. Depreciation expense increased $12.5 million, on a constant dollar basis, for the year ended 
December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to the increased depreciation of property, 
plant and equipment acquired through business combinations.

Amortization expense increased $42.5 million, or 96.2%, on a reported dollar basis ($44.0 million, or 102.8%, on a 
constant dollar basis) for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily due to 
the increased amortization of customer relationship intangible assets acquired in the Recall Transaction, which are amortized 
over a weighted average useful life of 13 years. Amortization expense increased $0.5 million, on a constant dollar basis, for the 
year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to the increased amortization of 
customer relationship intangible assets acquired through business combinations.

OTHER EXPENSES, NET

Interest Expense, Net

Consolidated interest expense, net increased $46.8 million to $310.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from 

$263.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 primarily due to (i) the issuance of $1,000.0 million in aggregate 
principal amount of 6% Senior Notes due 2020 (the "6% Notes due 2020") by IMI in September 2015, (ii) $850.0 million of 
borrowings under the Bridge Facility (as defined below) during the second quarter of 2016, (iii) the issuance of $500.0 million 
in aggregate principal amount of 43/8% Senior Notes due 2021 (the "43/8% Notes") by IMI in May 2016, (iv) the issuance of 
$250.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 53/8% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "53/8% Notes") by Iron Mountain US 
Holdings, Inc. ("IM US Holdings") in May 2016, (v) the issuance of 250.0 million Canadian dollars in aggregate principal 
amount of 53/8% CAD Senior Notes due 2023 (the "CAD Notes due 2023") by Iron Mountain Canada Operations, ULC 
("Canada Company") in September 2016, (vi) $185.8 million of borrowings from the AUD Term Loan (as defined below) 
during the third quarter of 2016 and (vii) higher borrowings (on a weighted average basis) under the Credit Agreement (as 
defined below) during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. This increase was 
partially offset by the redemption in October 2015 of (i) 255.0 million Euro aggregate principal outstanding of the 63/4% Euro 
Senior Subordinated Notes due 2018 (the "63/4% Notes"), (ii) $400.0 million aggregate principal outstanding of the 73/4% 
Senior Subordinated Notes due 2019 (the "73/4% Notes") and (iii) the remaining $106.0 million aggregate principal outstanding 
of 83/8% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2021 (the "83/8% Notes"). Our weighted average interest rate was 5.2% and 5.3% at 
December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Consolidated interest expense, net increased $3.2 million to $263.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from 

$260.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 primarily due to (1) the issuance in September 2014 of 400.0 million 
British pounds sterling aggregate principal amount of 61/8% Senior Notes due 2022 (the "GBP Notes") by Iron Mountain 
Europe PLC ("IME"), (2) the issuance of the 6% Notes due 2020 by IMI in September 2015, and (3) higher borrowings (on a 
weighted average basis) under the Credit Agreement, the Former Credit Agreement and the Accounts Receivable Securitization 
Program (each as discussed and defined below) during 2015 compared to 2014. This increase was partially offset by (1) the 
redemption in December 2014 of $306.0 million aggregate principal outstanding of the 83/8% Notes and (2) the redemption in 
October 2015 of (i) 255.0 million Euro in aggregate principal outstanding of the 63/4% Notes, (ii) $400.0 million aggregate 
principal outstanding of the 73/4% Notes and (iii) the remaining $106.0 million aggregate principal outstanding of the 83/8% 
Notes. Our weighted average interest rate was 5.3% at December 31, 2015 and 5.6% at December 31, 2014.

54

Other Expense (Income), Net (in thousands)

Foreign currency transaction losses, net

Debt extinguishment expense

Other, net

Foreign currency transaction losses, net

Debt extinguishment expense
Other, net

Foreign Currency Transaction Losses 

Year Ended
December 31,

2015
$ 70,851

2016
$ 20,413

27,305

434

9,283

14,604

$ 98,590

$ 44,300

Year Ended
December 31,

2014
$ 58,316

16,495
(9,624)
$ 65,187

2015
$ 70,851

27,305
434
$ 98,590

Dollar
Change
$ (50,438)
(18,022)
14,170
$ (54,290)

Dollar
Change
$ 12,535

10,810
10,058
$ 33,403

We recorded net foreign currency transaction losses of $20.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2016, based on 
period-end exchange rates. These losses resulted primarily from the impact of changes in the exchange rate of each of the 
Argentine peso, British pound sterling and Mexican peso against the United States dollar compared to December 31, 2015 on 
our intercompany balances with and between certain of our subsidiaries. These losses were partially offset by gains resulting 
primarily from the impact of changes in the exchange rate of each of the Brazilian real, Euro and Russian ruble against the 
United States dollar compared to December 31, 2015 on our intercompany balances with and between certain of our 
subsidiaries. 

We recorded net foreign currency transaction losses of $70.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2015, based on 
period-end exchange rates. These losses resulted primarily from the impact of changes in the exchange rate of each of the 
Argentine peso, Brazilian real, Euro, Russian ruble and Ukrainian hryvnia against the United States dollar compared to 
December 31, 2014 on our intercompany balances with and between certain of our subsidiaries, as well as Euro forward 
contracts. These losses were partially offset by gains resulting primarily from the impact of a change in the exchange rate of the 
British pound sterling against the United States dollar compared to December 31, 2014 on our intercompany balances with and 
between certain of our subsidiaries, as well as a change in the exchange rate of the Euro against the United States dollar 
compared to December 31, 2014 on Euro denominated bonds issued by IMI. 

We recorded net foreign currency transaction losses of $58.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2014, based on 
period-end exchange rates. These losses resulted primarily from the impact of changes in the exchange rate of each of the 
Argentine peso, Brazilian real, British pound sterling, Euro, Russian ruble and Ukrainian hryvnia against the United States 
dollar compared to December 31, 2013 on our intercompany balances with and between certain of our subsidiaries, as well as 
Euro forward contracts. These losses were partially offset by gains resulting primarily from British pound sterling borrowings 
on our revolving credit facility, Australian dollar and British pound sterling forward contracts, and Euro denominated bonds 
issued by IMI.

Debt Extinguishment Expense

During the year ended December 31, 2016, we recorded a debt extinguishment charge of $9.3 million in the second 
quarter of 2016 related to the termination of the Bridge Facility, which primarily consists of the write-off of unamortized 
deferred financing costs. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we recorded a debt extinguishment charge of $27.3 
million related to (i) the refinancing of the Credit Agreement in the third quarter of 2015 and (ii) the early extinguishment of 
the 63/4% Notes, 73/4% Notes and the remaining portion outstanding of the 83/8% Notes in the fourth quarter of 2015. This 
charge consists of call premiums, original issue discounts and unamortized deferred financing costs. During the year ended 
December 31, 2014, we recorded a debt extinguishment charge of $16.5 million related to the early redemption of $306.0 
million in aggregate principal of the 83/8% Notes at 104.188% of par. This charge consists of call premiums, original issue 
discounts and unamortized deferred financing costs. 

55

 
 
 
 
Other, Net

Other, net in the year ended December 31, 2016 includes a charge of $15.4 million associated with the loss on disposal of 

the Australia Divestment Business and a charge of $1.4 million associated with the loss on disposal of the Iron Mountain 
Canadian Divestments, partially offset by $0.8 million of gains associated with a deferred compensation plan we sponsor. 
Other, net in the year ended December 31, 2015 consisted primarily of $0.6 million of losses related to the write-down of 
certain investments. Other, net in the year ended December 31, 2014 consisted primarily of income of $6.9 million associated 
with the divestment of our International Shredding Operations in December 2014, as well as approximately $0.9 million of 
royalty income and $1.1 million of gains associated with a deferred compensation plan we sponsor. 

(Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes 

Our effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 were (43.5)%, 23.3% and 30.6%, 
respectively. Our effective tax rate is subject to variability in the future due to, among other items: (1) changes in the mix of 
income between our QRSs and our TRSs, as well as among the jurisdictions in which we operate; (2) tax law changes; 
(3) volatility in foreign exchange gains and losses; (4) the timing of the establishment and reversal of tax reserves; and (5) our 
ability to utilize net operating losses that we generate.

As a result of our REIT conversion, we recorded a net tax benefit of $212.2 million during the year ended December 31, 
2014 for the revaluation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities associated with the REIT conversion. In 2014, we recorded 
an increase to the tax provision of $29.3 million associated with tax accounting method changes consistent with our REIT 
conversion, primarily affected through the filing of amended tax returns. The other primary reconciling items between the 
federal statutory rate of 35.0% and our overall effective tax rate during the year ended December 31, 2014 was an increase of 
$46.4 million in our tax provision associated with the 2014 Indefinite Reinvestment Assessment and other net tax adjustments 
related to the REIT conversion, including a tax benefit of $63.3 million primarily related to the dividends paid deduction. 

The primary reconciling items between the federal statutory rate of 35.0% and our overall effective tax rate for the year 

ended December 31, 2015 were the benefit derived from the dividends paid deduction of $51.6 million and an out-of-period tax 
adjustment ($9.0 million tax benefit) recorded during the third quarter to correct the valuation of certain deferred tax assets 
associated with the REIT conversion that occurred in 2014, partially offset by valuation allowances on certain of our foreign 
net operating losses of $33.5 million, primarily related to our foreign subsidiaries in Argentina, Brazil, France and Russia.

The primary reconciling items between the federal statutory tax rate of 35.0% and our overall effective tax rate for the 

year ended December 31, 2016 were the benefit derived from the dividends paid deduction of $18.5 million and the impact of 
differences in the tax rates at which our foreign earnings are subject resulting in a tax benefit of $13.3 million, partially offset 
by valuation allowances on certain of our foreign net operating losses of $7.7 million.

As a REIT, we are entitled to a deduction for dividends paid, resulting in a substantial reduction of federal income tax 
expense. As a REIT, substantially all of our income tax expense will be incurred based on the earnings generated by our foreign 
subsidiaries and our domestic TRSs.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. We are subject to examination by 

various tax authorities in jurisdictions in which we have business operations or a taxable presence. We regularly assess the 
likelihood of additional assessments by tax authorities and provide for these matters as appropriate. Although we believe our 
tax estimates are appropriate, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could result in changes in our 
estimates.

Gain on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax

Consolidated gain on sale of real estate for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $2.2 million, net of tax of $0.1 million 

associated with the sale of certain land and buildings in North America. Consolidated gain on sale of real estate for the year 
ended December 31, 2015 was $0.9 million, net of tax of $0.2 million associated with the sale of a building in the United 
Kingdom. Consolidated gain on sale of real estate for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $8.3 million, net of tax of $2.2 
million associated with the sale of two buildings in the United Kingdom and a building in Canada.

56

INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS and ADJUSTED EBITDA (in thousands)

The following table reflects the effect of the foregoing factors on our consolidated income from continuing operations and 

Adjusted EBITDA:

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2016

Dollar
Change

Percentage
Change

Income from
Continuing Operations $ 125,203

$ 103,880

$ (21,323)

(17.0)%

Income from
Continuing Operations
as a percentage of
Consolidated Revenue

4.2%

3.0%

Adjusted EBITDA

920,005

1,087,288

167,283

18.2 %

Adjusted EBITDA
Margin

30.6%

31.0%

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

Dollar
Change

Percentage
Change

Income from
Continuing Operations $ 328,955

$ 125,203

$(203,752)

(61.9)%

Income from
Continuing Operations
as a percentage of
Consolidated Revenue

10.6%

4.2%

Adjusted EBITDA

925,797

920,005

(5,792)

(0.6)%

Adjusted EBITDA
Margin

29.7%

30.6%

INCOME (LOSS) FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS 

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax was $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily 

related to the operations of the Recall Divestments (as defined in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 
included in this Annual Report). Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax was $0.2 million for the year ended December 
31, 2014, primarily related to legal reserves, offset by the recovery of insurance proceeds in excess of carrying value.

NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests resulted in a decrease in net income attributable to Iron Mountain 

Incorporated of $2.4 million, $2.0 million and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, 
respectively. These amounts represent our noncontrolling partners' share of earnings/losses in our majority-owned international 
subsidiaries that are consolidated in our operating results.

57

Segment Analysis (in thousands)

See Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for a description of our 

reportable operating segments.

North American Records and Information Management Business

Storage Rental

Service

Segment Revenue

Year Ended December 31,

2015
$ 1,077,305

2016
$ 1,150,646

698,060

780,053

$ 1,775,365

$ 1,930,699

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)

$

714,639

$

775,717

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) as
a Percentage of Segment Revenue

40.3%

40.2%

Storage Rental

Service

Segment Revenue

Year Ended December 31,

2014
$ 1,080,013

2015
$ 1,077,305

715,348

698,060

$ 1,795,361

$ 1,775,365

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)

$

698,719

$

714,639

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) as
a Percentage of Segment Revenue

38.9%

40.3%

$

$

$

$

$

$

Percentage Change

Dollar
Change

Actual

Constant
Currency

Internal
Growth

73,341

81,993

155,334

61,078

6.8%

11.7%

8.7%

7.2%

12.3%

9.2%

1.0%

1.0%

1.0%

Percentage Change

Dollar
Change

Actual

Constant
Currency

Internal
Growth

(2,708)
(17,288)
(19,996)
15,920

(0.3)%

(2.4)%

(1.1)%

1.1 %

(0.6)%

0.4 %

0.1 %

(1.6)%

(0.6)%

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  See Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for the definition of 
Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income (loss) from continuing operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, reported revenue in our North American Records and Information Management 
Business segment increased 8.7% compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. In the year ended December 31, 2016, the 
net impact of acquisitions/divestitures and internal revenue growth were partially offset by unfavorable fluctuations in foreign 
currency exchange rates compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The net impact of acquisitions/divestitures 
contributed 8.2% to the reported revenue growth rate in our North American Records and Information Management Business 
segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily driven by our 
acquisition of Recall. The internal revenue growth in the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily the result of internal 
storage rental revenue growth of 1.0% in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015, 
as well as internal service revenue growth of 1.0% in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended 
December 31, 2015, which was driven by special project revenue recognized in the first quarter of 2016 and growth in secure 
shredding revenues, as well as the stabilization in recent periods of the decline in retrieval/re-file activity and the related 
decrease in transportation revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2016, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations 
decreased our reported revenues for the North American Records and Information Management Business segment by 0.5% 
compared to the comparable prior year period due to the weakening of the Canadian dollar against the United States dollar. 
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue decreased 10 basis points during the year ended December 31, 2016 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily driven by increased wages and benefits, rent expense, building 
maintenance and transportation costs, partially offset by a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses as a 
percentage of segment revenues, primarily associated with wages and benefits growing at a lower rate than revenue, partially 
attributable to the Transformation Initiative and synergies associated with our acquisition of Recall, as well as a decrease in bad 
debt expense and professional fees.

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2015, reported revenue in our North American Records and Information Management 
Business segment decreased 1.1% compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to negative internal revenue 
growth and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. For the year ended December 31, 2015, foreign currency 
exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported revenues for the North American Records and Information Management 
Business segment by 1.5% compared to the comparable prior year period due to the weakening of the Canadian dollar against 
the United States dollar. Negative internal revenue growth of 0.6% in the year ended December 31, 2015 was primarily the 
result of negative internal service revenue growth of 1.6% in the year ended December 31, 2015, resulting from reduced 
retrieval/re-file activity and a related decrease in transportation revenues. Net acquisitions/divestitures increased reported 
revenue in our North American Records and Information Management Business segment by 1.0% in the year ended December 
31, 2015, compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue increased 
140 basis points during the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily driven by 
a $11.7 million decrease in professional fees, a $7.5 million decrease in fuel and insurance costs, a $5.7 million decrease in 
incentive compensation and a $1.6 million decrease in costs due to the Organizational Restructuring, as well as a decrease in 
sales, marketing and account management costs. These decreases were partially offset by $5.4 million of employee severance 
costs recorded during the year ended December 31, 2015 associated with the Transformation Initiative.

59

North American Data Management Business

Storage Rental

Service

Segment Revenue

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) as
a Percentage of Segment Revenue

Storage Rental

Service

Segment Revenue

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) as
a Percentage of Segment Revenue

$

$

$

$

$

$

Year Ended December 31,

2015
255,601

134,885

390,486

203,803

2016
280,114

134,060

414,174

228,486

$

$

$

52.2%

55.2%

Year Ended December 31,

2014
247,017

143,190

390,207

226,396

2015
255,601

134,885

390,486

203,803

$

$

$

58.0%

52.2%

$

$

$

$

$

$

Percentage Change

Dollar
Change

Actual

Constant
Currency

Internal
Growth

24,513
(825)
23,688

24,683

9.6 %

(0.6)%

6.1 %

9.8 %

(0.4)%

6.3 %

2.0 %

(9.8)%

(2.0)%

Percentage Change

Dollar
Change

Actual

Constant
Currency

Internal
Growth

8,584
(8,305)
279
(22,593)

3.5 %

(5.8)%

0.1 %

4.4 %

(4.9)%

1.0 %

4.2 %

(5.1)%

0.8 %

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  See Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for the definition of 
Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income (loss) from continuing operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, reported revenue in our North American Data Management Business segment 

increased 6.1% compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. In the year ended December 31, 2016, the net impact of 
acquisitions/divestitures was partially offset by negative internal revenue growth and unfavorable fluctuations in foreign 
currency exchange rates compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The net impact of acquisitions/divestitures 
contributed 8.3% to the reported revenue growth rates in our North American Data Management Business segment for the year 
ended December 31, 2016, compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily driven by our acquisition of Recall. The 
negative internal revenue growth for the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily attributable to negative internal service 
revenue growth of 9.8% for the year ended December 31, 2016, which was due to continued declines in service revenue 
activity levels as the storage business becomes more archival in nature, partially offset by internal storage rental revenue 
growth of 2.0% in the year ended December 31, 2016, primarily attributable to volume increases. For the year ended 
December 31, 2016, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported revenues for the North American Data 
Management Business segment by 0.2% compared to the comparable prior year period due to the weakening of the Canadian 
dollar against the United States dollar. Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue increased 300 basis points during 
the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily driven by lower selling, general 
and administrative expenses, partially attributable to the Transformation Initiative and synergies associated with our acquisition 
of Recall.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, reported revenue in our North American Data Management Business segment 
increased 0.1% compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to internal revenue growth of 0.8%. The internal 
revenue growth was primarily attributable to internal storage rental revenue growth of 4.2%, partially offset by negative 
internal service revenue growth of 5.1% in the year ended December 31, 2015, which was due to declines in service revenue 
activity levels as the storage business becomes more archival in nature. For the year ended December 31, 2015, foreign 
currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported revenues for the North American Data Management Business 
segment by 0.9% compared to the comparable prior year period due to the weakening of the Canadian dollar against the United 
States dollar. Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue decreased 580 basis points in the year ended December 31, 
2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to increased overhead expenses of $15.9 million, primarily 
associated with higher sales, marketing and account management expenses and, to a lesser extent, reduced gross profit related 
to a decline in service revenues without a corresponding decrease in costs.

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western European Business

Storage Rental
Service
Segment Revenue
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) as
a Percentage of Segment Revenue

Storage Rental
Service
Segment Revenue
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) as
a Percentage of Segment Revenue

$

$
$

$

$
$

Year Ended December 31,

2015
239,257
158,256
397,513
120,649

2016
275,659
178,552
454,211
137,506

$

$
$

30.4%

30.3%

Year Ended December 31,

2014
257,390
191,841
449,231
130,423

2015
239,257
158,256
397,513
120,649

$

$
$

29.0%

30.4%

Percentage Change

Dollar
Change

Actual

Constant
Currency

Internal
Growth

$

$
$

$

$
$

36,402
20,296
56,698
16,857

Dollar
Change

(18,133)
(33,585)
(51,718)
(9,774)

15.2%
12.8%
14.3%

24.5%
21.4%
23.2%

0.8 %
(5.6)%
(1.7)%

Percentage Change

Actual

(7.0)%
(17.5)%
(11.5)%

Constant
Currency

Internal
Growth

3.9 %
(7.8)%
(1.1)%

2.7 %
(0.6)%
1.4 %

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  See Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for the definition of 
Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income (loss) from continuing operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, reported revenue in our Western European Business segment increased 14.3% 

compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. In the year ended December 31, 2016, the net impact of acquisitions/
divestitures was partially offset by negative internal revenue growth and unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange 
rates compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The net impact of acquisitions/divestitures contributed 24.9% to the 
reported revenue growth rates in our Western European Business segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 
the comparable prior year period, primarily driven by our acquisition of Recall. Internal revenue growth for the year ended 
December 31, 2016 was negative 1.7%, primarily attributable to negative internal service revenue growth of 5.6% for the year 
ended December 31, 2016, which was due to reduced retrieval/refile activity and a related decrease in transportation revenues. 
For the year ended December 31, 2016, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations decreased our reported revenues for the 
Western European Business segment by 8.9% compared to the comparable prior year period due to the weakening of the British 
pound sterling and Euro against the United States dollar. Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue decreased 10 
basis points during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily driven by an 
increase in cost of sales as a percentage of segment revenue, primarily associated with increased wages and benefits and rent 
expense, partially offset by a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of segment revenue, 
primarily associated with wages and benefits growing at a lower rate than revenues, partially attributable to the Transformation 
Initiative and synergies associated with our acquisition of Recall, and lower professional fees.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, reported revenue in our Western European Business segment decreased 11.5% 

compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily as a result of unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange 
rates. Foreign currency fluctuations resulted in decreased revenue in the year ended December 31, 2015, as measured in United 
States dollars, of approximately 10.4% as compared to the comparable prior year period, due to the weakening of the British 
pound sterling and the Euro against the United States dollar. Internal revenue growth for the year ended December 31, 2015 
was 1.4%, supported by 2.7% internal storage rental revenue growth for the year ended December 31, 2015. Net acquisitions/
divestitures decreased reported revenue in our Western European Business segment by 2.5% in the year ended December 31, 
2015, compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to a $15.3 million reduction in reported service revenues 
associated with the disposition of our shredding operations in the United Kingdom and Ireland in December 2014. Adjusted 
EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue increased 140 basis points during the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to 
the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to improved profitability associated with lower transportation and facility 
costs.

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other International Business

Storage Rental
Service
Segment Revenue
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) as
a Percentage of Segment Revenue

Storage Rental
Service
Segment Revenue
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) as
a Percentage of Segment Revenue

$

$
$

$

$
$

Year Ended December 31,

2015
245,154
176,206
421,360
87,341

2016
393,005
259,511
652,516
169,042

$

$
$

20.7%

25.9%

Year Ended December 31,

2014
263,737
205,577
469,314
84,468

2015
245,154
176,206
421,360
87,341

$

$
$

18.0%

20.7%

Dollar
Change
147,851
83,305
231,156
81,701

Dollar
Change

(18,583)
(29,371)
(47,954)
2,873

$

$
$

$

$
$

_______________________________________________________________________________

Percentage Change

Actual

Constant
Currency

Internal
Growth

60.3%
47.3%
54.9%

71.9%
59.0%
66.5%

8.5%
4.9%
7.0%

Percentage Change

Actual

(7.0)%
(14.3)%
(10.2)%

Constant
Currency

Internal
Growth

14.4%
7.6%
11.5%

10.8%
9.0%
10.0%

(1)  See Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for the definition of 
Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income (loss) from continuing operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, reported revenue in our Other International Business segment increased 54.9% 

compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. In the year ended December 31, 2016, the net impact of acquisitions/
divestitures and internal revenue growth were partially offset by unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The net impact of acquisitions/divestitures contributed 59.5% to the reported 
revenue growth rates in our Other International Business segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the 
comparable prior year period, primarily driven by our acquisition of Recall. Internal revenue growth for the year ended 
December 31, 2016 was 7.0%, supported by 8.5% internal storage rental revenue growth. Foreign currency fluctuations in the 
year ended December 31, 2016 resulted in decreased revenue, as measured in United States dollars, of approximately 11.6% as 
compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily due to the weakening of the Australian dollar and Brazilian real 
against the United States dollar. Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue increased 520 basis points during the 
year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily a result of a decrease in selling, 
general and administrative expenses as a percentage of segment revenue and a decrease in cost of sales as a percentage of 
segment revenue, primarily associated with compensation growing at a lower rate than revenue, as well as lower professional 
fees.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, reported revenues in our Other International Business segment decreased 10.2% 

compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily as a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. 
Foreign currency fluctuations in the year ended December 31, 2015 resulted in decreased revenue, as measured in United States 
dollars, of approximately 21.7% as compared to the comparable prior year period, primarily due to the weakening of the 
Australian dollar, Brazilian real and Euro against the United States dollar. Internal revenue growth for the year ended December 
31, 2015 was 10.0%, supported by 10.8% internal storage rental revenue growth for the year ended December 31, 2015. Net 
acquisitions/divestitures increased reported revenue in our Other International Business segment by 1.5% in the year ended 
December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014, as the impact of acquisitions in Brazil, Turkey and Poland 
were partially offset by a $8.4 million decrease in reported service revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 associated 
with the disposition of our Australian shredding operations in December 2014. Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment 
revenue increased 270 basis points during the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. 
The increase in Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue during the year ended December 31, 2015 was primarily 
a result of a constant dollar increase in gross profit of 11.0% in the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the comparable 
prior year period. The constant dollar increase in gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2015 was partially offset by the 
impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate and Other Business

Storage Rental

Service

Segment Revenue

Year Ended December 31,

2015
20,580

2,672

23,252

$

$

2016
43,481

16,372

59,853

$

$

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)

$ (206,427)

$ (223,463)

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) as a
Percentage of Consolidated Revenue

(6.9)%

(6.4)%

Storage Rental

Service
Segment Revenue

Year Ended December 31,

2014
12,086

1,494
13,580

$

$

2015
20,580

2,672
23,252

$

$

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)

$ (214,209)

$ (206,427)

Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) as a
Percentage of Consolidated Revenue

(6.9)%

(6.9)%

Percentage Change

Actual

111.3%

512.7%

157.4%

Constant
Currency

Internal
Growth

111.3%

512.7%

157.4%

26.9%

55.6%

29.6%

Dollar
Change

22,901

13,700

36,601
(17,036)

Percentage Change

Dollar
Change

Actual

Constant
Currency

Internal
Growth

8,494

1,178
9,672

7,782

70.3%

78.8%
71.2%

70.3%

78.8%
71.2%

49.9%

33.4%
48.5%

$

$

$

$

$

$

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  See Note 9 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for the definition of 
Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income (loss) from continuing operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, Adjusted EBITDA in the Corporate and Other Business segment as a percentage 

of consolidated revenue improved 50 basis points compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. Adjusted EBITDA in the 
Corporate and Other Business segment decreased $17.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year 
ended December 31, 2015, primarily driven by the impact of the Recall Transaction, partially offset by profitability associated 
with recent acquisitions in our Adjacent Businesses operating segment. Adjusted EBITDA in our Corporate and Other Business 
segment includes approximately $23.3 million of incremental expenses associated with Recall for the year ended December 31, 
2016.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, Adjusted EBITDA in the Corporate and Other Business segment as a percentage 

of consolidated revenue was flat compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. Adjusted EBITDA for the Corporate and 
Other Business segment increased by $7.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the prior year primarily 
due to decreased insurance costs of $3.5 million associated with a fire at one of our facilities in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 
February 2014, as well as a decrease in general and administrative expenses, primarily related to professional fees.

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following is a summary of our cash balances and cash flows (in thousands) as of and for the years ended 

December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities—continuing operations

$

Cash flows from investing activities—continuing operations

Cash flows from financing activities—continuing operations

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year

$

2014
472,948
(479,978)
19,857

125,933

$

2015
541,760
(422,786)
(108,511)
128,381

2016
541,216
(632,703)
125,373

236,484

Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was $541.2 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2016 compared to $541.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $0.5 million year-over-year 
decrease in cash flows from operating activities resulted from an increase in cash used in working capital of $17.4 million, 
primarily related to the change in accounts receivable and timing of accrued expenses and deferred revenue and accounts 
payable payments year-over-year, offset by an increase in net income (including non-cash charges and realized foreign 
exchange losses) of $16.9 million.

Our business requires capital expenditures to maintain our ongoing operations, support our expected revenue growth and 

new products and services, and increase our profitability. These expenditures are included in the cash flows from investing 
activities. The nature of our capital expenditures has evolved over time along with the nature of our business. Our capital goes 
to support business-line growth and our ongoing operations, but we also expend capital to support the development and 
improvement of products and services and projects designed to increase our profitability. These expenditures are generally 
discretionary in nature. Cash paid for our capital expenditures, acquisitions of customer relationships and customer 
inducements during the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to $328.6 million, $31.6 million and $19.2 million, 
respectively. Cash paid for acquisitions (net of cash acquired) during the year ended December 31, 2016 of $292.0 million 
consisted primarily of the cash portion of the purchase price associated with the Recall Transaction. For the year ended 
December 31, 2016, these expenditures were primarily funded with cash flows from operations, as well as the financing 
activities described below. Net proceeds from the Iron Mountain Divestments received during the year ended December 31, 
2016 of $30.7 million consisted of the net cash proceeds from the Australia Sale and the sale of the Iron Mountain Canadian 
Divestments as part of the ARKIVE Sale (each as defined in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in 
this Annual Report). Excluding capital expenditures associated with potential future acquisitions, opportunistic real estate 
investments and capital expenditures associated with the integration of Recall, we expect our capital expenditures to be 
approximately $320.0 million to $370.0 million in the year ending December 31, 2017.

Net cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations was $125.4 million for the year ended December 31, 

2016. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we received net proceeds of $925.4 million associated with the issuance of 
the 43/8% Notes, the 53/8% Notes and the CAD Notes due 2023, $185.8 million of proceeds from the AUD Term Loan (as 
defined below), $50.0 million of proceeds from the Mortgage Securitization Program (as defined below) and $31.9 million of 
proceeds associated with employee stock-based awards. We used the proceeds from these transactions, as well as cash flows 
provided by operating activities, for the net repayment of $542.9 million associated with net payments under the Revolving 
Credit Facility and the Bridge Facility, the payment of dividends in the amount of $505.9 million on our common stock and the 
payment of $18.6 million associated with debt financing costs.

64

 Capital Expenditures

The following table presents our capital spend for 2014, 2015 and 2016 organized by the type of the spending as 

described in the "Our Business Fundamentals" section of "Item 1. Business" included in this Annual Report:

Nature of Capital Spend (in thousands)
Real Estate:
Investment
Maintenance

Total Real Estate Capital Spend

Non-Real Estate:

Investment
Maintenance

Total Non-Real Estate Capital Spend

Total Capital Spend (on accrual basis)
Net (decrease)/increase in prepaid capital expenditures

Net decrease/(increase) accrued capital expenditures
Total Capital Spend (on cash basis)

Dividends

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

$

$

199,663
57,574
257,237

$

170,742
52,826
223,568

203,778
63,543
267,321

55,991
19,527
75,518

47,964
23,396
71,360

332,755
(2,455)
31,624
361,924

$

294,928
(362)
(4,317)
290,249

$

50,954
20,799
71,753

339,074
374
(10,845)
328,603

See "Item 5. Market For Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 

Securities" of this Annual Report for information on dividends.

Financial Instruments and Debt

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents (including 

time deposits) and accounts receivable. The only significant concentrations of liquid investments as of December 31, 2016 
relate to cash and cash equivalents held in time deposits with six global banks, all of which we consider to be large, highly-
rated investment-grade institutions. As per our risk management investment policy, we limit exposure to concentration of credit 
risk by limiting the amount invested in any one mutual fund to a maximum of $50.0 million or in any one financial institution 
to a maximum of $75.0 million. As of December 31, 2016, our cash and cash equivalents balance was $236.5 million, which 
included time deposits amounting to $22.2 million.

65

 
Our consolidated debt as of December 31, 2016 comprised the following (in thousands):

December 31, 2016

Debt
(inclusive of
discount)

Unamortized
Deferred
Financing
Costs

 Carrying
Amount

Revolving Credit Facility(1)

Term Loan(1)

Australian Dollar Term Loan (the "AUD Term Loan")(2)

6% Notes due 2020(3)(4)
43/8% Notes(3)(4)
61/8% CAD Senior Notes due 2021 (the "CAD Notes due 2021")(5)
GBP Notes(4)(6)

6% Senior Notes due 2023(3)

CAD Notes due 2023(4)(5)
53/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024(3)
53/8% Notes(4)(7)
Real Estate Mortgages, Capital Leases and Other(8)

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program(9)

Mortgage Securitization Program(10)

Total Long-term Debt

Less Current Portion

Long-term Debt, Net of Current Portion

$

953,548

$

234,375

177,198

1,000,000

500,000

148,792

493,648

600,000

185,990

1,000,000

250,000

478,565

247,000

50,000

6,319,116
(172,975)
$ 6,146,141

$

(7,530) $
—
(3,774)
(12,730)
(7,593)
(1,635)
(6,214)
(7,322)
(3,498)
(10,529)
(4,044)
(1,277)
(384)
(1,405)
(67,935)
—

946,018

234,375

173,424

987,270

492,407

147,157

487,434

592,678

182,492

989,471

245,956

477,288

246,616

48,595

6,251,181
(172,975)
(67,935) $ 6,078,206

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  The capital stock or other equity interests of most of our United States subsidiaries, and up to 66% of the capital stock 
or other equity interests of most of our first-tier foreign subsidiaries, are pledged to secure these debt instruments, 
together with all intercompany obligations (including promissory notes) of subsidiaries owed to us or to one of our 
United States subsidiary guarantors. In addition, Canada Company has pledged 66% of the capital stock of its 
subsidiaries, and all intercompany obligations (including promissory notes) owed to or held by it, to secure the 
Canadian dollar subfacility under the Revolving Credit Facility.

(2)  The amount of debt for the AUD Term Loan reflects an unamortized original issue discount of $1.7 million as of 

December 31, 2016. 

(3)  Collectively, the "Parent Notes." IMI is the direct obligor on the Parent Notes, which are fully and unconditionally 

guaranteed, on a senior or senior subordinated basis, as the case may be, by its direct and indirect 100% owned United 
States subsidiaries that represent the substantial majority of our United States operations (the "Guarantors"). These 
guarantees are joint and several obligations of the Guarantors. Canada Company, IME, the Accounts Receivable 
Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiaries (as defined below), the Mortgage Securitization Special Purpose 
Subsidiary (as defined below) and the remainder of our subsidiaries do not guarantee the Parent Notes. See Note 5 to 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.

(4)  The 6% Notes due 2020, the 43/8% Notes, the GBP Notes, the CAD Notes due 2023 and the 53/8% Notes (collectively, 
the "Unregistered Notes") have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities 
Act”), or under the securities laws of any other jurisdiction. Unless they are registered, the Unregistered Notes may be 
offered only in transactions that are exempt from registration under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any 
other jurisdiction.

66

 
 
 
(5)  Canada Company is the direct obligor on the CAD Notes due 2021 and the CAD Notes due 2023 (collectively, the 

"CAD Notes"), which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior basis, by IMI and the Guarantors. These 
guarantees are joint and several obligations of IMI and the Guarantors. See Note 5 to Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in this Annual Report.

(6)  IME is the direct obligor on the GBP Notes, which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior basis, by IMI 
and the Guarantors. These guarantees are joint and several obligations of IMI and the Guarantors. See Note 5 to Notes 
to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.

(7)  IM US Holdings, a 100% owned subsidiary of IMI and one of the Guarantors, is the direct obligor on the 53/8% Notes, 
which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior basis, by IMI and the other Guarantors. These guarantees 
are joint and several obligations of IMI and such Guarantors. See Note 5 to Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in this Annual Report. 

(8)  Includes (i) real estate mortgages of $20.9 million, (ii) capital lease obligations of $309.9 million, and (iii) other 

various notes and other obligations, which were assumed by us as a result of certain acquisitions, of $147.8 million.

(9)  The Accounts Receivable Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiaries are the obligors under this program.  

(10) The Mortgage Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiary is the obligor under this program.  

a. Credit Agreement

On July 2, 2015, we entered into a new credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") to refinance our then existing credit 

agreement (the "Former Credit Agreement") which consisted of a revolving credit facility and a term loan and was scheduled to 
terminate on June 27, 2016. The Credit Agreement consists of a revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") and a 
term loan (the "Term Loan"). The initial maximum amount of the Revolving Credit Facility was $1,500.0 million. The original 
amount of the Term Loan was $250.0 million.

On June 24, 2016, Iron Mountain Information Management, LLC (“IMIM”) entered into a commitment increase 

supplement, pursuant to which we increased the maximum amount permitted to be borrowed under the Revolving Credit 
Facility from $1,500.0 million to $1,750.0 million. We continue to have the option to request additional term loans and/or 
increases in commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility up to $250.0 million, subject to the conditions specified in the 
Credit Agreement. 

The Term Loan is to be paid in quarterly installments in an amount equal to $3.1 million per quarter, with the remaining 
balance due on July 3, 2019. The Credit Agreement terminates on July 6, 2019, at which point all obligations become due, but 
may be extended by one year at our option, subject to the conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the 
Credit Agreement may be prepaid without penalty or premium, in whole or in part, at any time.

As of December 31, 2016, we had $953.5 million and $234.4 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving 

Credit Facility and the Term Loan, respectively. Of the $953.5 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit 
Facility, $787.4 million was denominated in United States dollars and 157.9 million was denominated in Euros. In addition, we 
also had various outstanding letters of credit totaling $55.0 million. The remaining amount available for borrowing under the 
Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2016, based on IMI's leverage ratio, the last 12 months' earnings before interest, 
taxes, depreciation and amortization and rent expense ("EBITDAR"), other adjustments as defined in the Credit Agreement and 
current external debt, was $741.5 million (which amount represents the maximum availability as of such date). The average 
interest rate in effect under the Credit Agreement was 2.9% as of December 31, 2016. The average interest rate in effect under 
the Revolving Credit Facility was 2.9% and ranged from 2.3% to 5.0% as of December 31, 2016 and the interest rate in effect 
under the Term Loan as of December 31, 2016 was 2.8%.

The Credit Agreement, our indentures and other agreements governing our indebtedness contain certain restrictive 

financial and operating covenants, including covenants that restrict our ability to complete acquisitions, pay cash dividends, 
incur indebtedness, make investments, sell assets and take certain other corporate actions. The covenants do not contain a rating 
trigger. Therefore, a change in our debt rating would not trigger a default under the Credit Agreement, our indentures or other 
agreements governing our indebtedness. The Credit Agreement uses EBITDAR-based calculations as the primary measures of 
financial performance, including leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios.  

67

Our leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios under the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 and our 

leverage ratio under our indentures as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 are as follows:

Net total lease adjusted leverage ratio

Net secured debt lease adjusted leverage ratio

Bond leverage ratio (not lease adjusted)

Fixed charge coverage ratio

December 31, 2015
5.6

2.6

5.5

2.4

December 31, 2016

Maximum//Minimum Allowable

5.7 Maximum allowable of 6.5

2.7 Maximum allowable of 4.0

5.2 Maximum allowable of 6.5

2.4 Minimum allowable of 1.5

As noted in the table above, our maximum allowable net total lease adjusted leverage ratio under the Credit Agreement 

is 6.5. The Credit Agreement also contains a provision which limits, in certain circumstances, our dividends in any four 
consecutive fiscal quarters to 95% of Funds From Operations (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for such four fiscal quarters 
or, if greater, the amount that we would be required to pay in order to continue to be qualified for taxation as a REIT or to avoid 
the imposition of income or excise taxes on IMI. This limitation only is applicable when our net total lease adjusted leverage 
ratio exceeds 6.0 as measured as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter.

Noncompliance with these leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios would have a material adverse effect on our 

financial condition and liquidity.

b.  Bridge Facility

 On April 29, 2016, in order to provide a portion of the financing necessary to close the Recall Transaction, we entered 

into a bridge credit agreement (the “Bridge Credit Agreement”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as a lender and 
administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto (the "Lenders"), pursuant to which we borrowed an unsecured bridge 
term loan of $850.0 million (the "Bridge Facility"). We used the proceeds from the Bridge Facility, together with borrowings 
under the Revolving Credit Facility, to finance a portion of the cost of the Recall Transaction, including refinancing Recall’s 
existing indebtedness and to pay costs we incurred in connection with the Recall Transaction.

On May 31, 2016, we used the proceeds from the issuance of the 43/8% Notes and the 53/8% Notes, together with cash on 

hand and borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, to repay the Bridge Facility, and effective May 31, 2016, we 
terminated the commitments of the Lenders under the Bridge Credit Agreement. We recorded a charge to other expense 
(income), net of $9.3 million during the second quarter of 2016 related to the early extinguishment of the Bridge Credit 
Agreement. This charge primarily consisted of the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs. 

c.  Issuance of 43/8% Notes, 53/8% Notes and CAD Notes due 2023

In May 2016, IMI completed a private offering of $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 43/8% Notes and 
IM US Holdings completed a private offering of $250.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 53/8% Notes. The 43/8% 
Notes and 53/8% Notes were issued at par. The aggregate net proceeds of $738.8 million from the 43/8% Notes and 53/8% Notes, 
after paying the initial purchasers' commissions, were used, together with cash on hand and borrowings under the Revolving 
Credit Facility, for the repayment of all outstanding borrowings under the Bridge Credit Agreement.

On September 15, 2016, Canada Company completed a private offering of 250.0 million Canadian dollars in aggregate 
principal amount of the CAD Notes due 2023. The CAD Notes due 2023 were issued at par. The aggregate net proceeds from 
the CAD Notes due 2023 of 246.3 million Canadian dollars (or $186.7 million, based upon the exchange rate between the 
Canadian dollar and the United States dollar on September 15, 2016 (the settlement date for the CAD Notes due 2023)), after 
paying the initial purchasers’ commissions, were used to repay outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. 

d. Australian Dollar Term Loan

On September 28, 2016, Iron Mountain Australia Group Pty, Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of IMI, entered into a 250.0 
million Australian dollar Syndicated Term Loan B Facility, the AUD Term Loan, which matures in September 2022. The AUD 
Term Loan was issued at 99% of par. The net proceeds of approximately 243.8 million Australian dollars (or approximately 
$185.8 million, based upon the exchange rate between the Australian dollar and the United States dollar on September 28, 2016 
(the settlement date for the AUD Term Loan)), after paying commissions to the joint lead arrangers and net of the original 
discount, were used to repay outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and for general corporate purposes.

68

 
Principal payments on the AUD Term Loan are to be paid in quarterly installments in an amount equivalent to an 
aggregate of 6.3 million Australian dollars per year, with the remaining balance due on September 28, 2022. The AUD Term 
Loan is secured by substantially all assets of Iron Mountain Australia Group Pty. Ltd. IMI and the Guarantors guarantee all 
obligations under the AUD Term Loan. The interest rate on borrowings under the AUD Term Loan is based upon BBSY (an 
Australian benchmark variable interest rate) plus 4.3%. As of December 31, 2016, we had 248.4 million Australian dollars 
($178.9 million based upon the exchange rate between the United States dollar and the Australian dollar as of December 31, 
2016) outstanding on the AUD Term Loan and the interest rate in effect under the AUD Term Loan was 6.1%.

e.  Accounts Receivable Securitization Program 

In March 2015, we entered into a $250.0 million accounts receivable securitization program (the "Accounts Receivable 

Securitization Program") involving several of our wholly owned subsidiaries and certain financial institutions. Under the 
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, certain of our subsidiaries sell substantially all of their United States accounts 
receivable balances to our wholly owned special purpose entities, Iron Mountain Receivables QRS, LLC and Iron Mountain 
Receivables TRS, LLC (the "Accounts Receivable Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiaries"). The Accounts Receivable 
Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiaries use the accounts receivable balances to collateralize loans obtained from certain 
financial institutions. The Accounts Receivable Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiaries are consolidated subsidiaries of 
IMI. The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is accounted for as a collateralized financing activity, rather than a sale 
of assets, and therefore: (i) accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral are presented as assets and borrowings are 
presented as liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Operations reflect the 
associated charges for bad debt expense related to pledged accounts receivable (a component of selling, general and 
administrative expenses) and reductions to revenue due to billing and service related credit memos issued to customers and 
related reserves, as well as interest expense associated with the collateralized borrowings and (iii) receipts from customers 
related to the underlying accounts receivable are reflected as operating cash flows and borrowings and repayments under the 
collateralized loans are reflected as financing cash flows within our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. IMIM retains the 
responsibility of servicing the accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral in this transaction and IMI provides a 
performance guaranty. The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program terminates on March 6, 2018, at which point all 
obligations become due. The maximum availability allowed is limited by eligible accounts receivable, as defined under the 
terms of the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the maximum availability 
allowed and amount outstanding under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program was $205.9 million and $247.0 
million, respectively. The interest rate in effect under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program was 1.3% and 1.7% as of 
December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Commitment fees at a rate of 40 basis points are charged on amounts made 
available but not borrowed under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.  

f. Mortgage Securitization Program

In October 2016, we entered into a $50.0 million mortgage securitization program (the "Mortgage Securitization 
Program") involving certain of our wholly owned subsidiaries with Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company (“Goldman Sachs”). 
Under the Mortgage Securitization Program, IMIM contributed certain real estate assets to its wholly owned special purpose 
entity, Iron Mountain Mortgage Finance I, LLC (the "Mortgage Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiary"). The Mortgage 
Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiary then used the real estate to secure a collateralized loan obtained from Goldman 
Sachs. The Mortgage Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiary is a consolidated subsidiary of IMI. The Mortgage 
Securitization Program is accounted for as a collateralized financing activity, rather than a sale of assets, and therefore: (i) real 
estate assets pledged as collateral remain as assets and borrowings are presented as liabilities on our Consolidated Balance 
Sheet, (ii) our Consolidated Statement of Operations reflects the associated charges for depreciation expense related to the 
pledged real estate and interest expense associated with the collateralized borrowings and (iii) borrowings and repayments 
under the collateralized loans are reflected as financing cash flows within our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The 
Mortgage Securitization Program is scheduled to terminate on November 6, 2026, at which point all obligations become due. 
As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding amount under the Mortgage Securitization Program was $50.0 million. The interest 
rate in effect under the Mortgage Securitization Program was 3.5% as of December 31, 2016.

69

g. Cash Pooling

Subsequent to the closing of the Recall Transaction, certain of our international subsidiaries began participating in a cash 

pooling arrangement (the “Cash Pool”) with Bank Mendes Gans (“BMG”) in order to help manage global liquidity 
requirements. The Cash Pool allows participating subsidiaries to receive credit for cash balances deposited by participating 
subsidiaries in BMG accounts. Under the Cash Pool, cash deposited by participating subsidiaries with BMG is pledged as 
security against the drawings of other participating subsidiaries, and legal rights of offset are provided and, therefore, amounts 
are presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheet on a net basis. Each subsidiary receives interest on the cash balances held on 
deposit or pays interest on the amounts owed based on an applicable rate as defined in the Cash Pool agreement. At December 
31, 2016, we had a net cash position of approximately $1.7 million (consisting of a gross cash position of approximately $69.5 
million less outstanding borrowings of approximately $67.8 million by participating subsidiaries), which is reflected as cash 
and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

_______________________________________________________________________________

For more information on our Credit Agreement and our other debt agreements, see Note 4 to Notes to Consolidated 

Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.

Our ability to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness depends on our future performance, working capital levels 

and capital structure, which are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors 
which may be beyond our control. There can be no assurance that we will generate sufficient cash flow from our operations or 
that future financings will be available on acceptable terms or in amounts sufficient to enable us to service or refinance our 
indebtedness or to make necessary capital expenditures.

Acquisitions

a. Acquisition of Recall

On May 2, 2016 (Sydney, Australia time), we completed the Recall Transaction. At the closing of the Recall Transaction, 
we paid approximately $331.8 million in cash and issued approximately 50.2 million shares of our common stock which, based 
upon the closing price of our common stock as of April 29, 2016 (the last day of trading on the NYSE prior to the closing of the 
Recall Transaction) of $36.53 per share, resulted in a total purchase price to Recall shareholders of approximately $2,166.9 
million. 

We currently estimate total acquisition and integration expenditures associated with the Recall Transaction to be 

approximately $380.0 million, the majority of which is expected to be incurred by the end of 2018. This amount consists of (i) 
approximately $80.0 million of Recall Deal Close & Divestment Costs and (ii) approximately $300.0 million of integration 
expenditures, including Recall Integration Costs and capital expenditures to integrate Recall with our existing operations. 

The following table presents the operating and capital expenditures associated with the Recall Transaction incurred for the 

years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and the cumulative amount incurred through December 31, 2016 (in thousands): 

Year Ended
December 31, 2015

Year Ended 
December 31, 2016

Cumulative
Total

Recall Deal Close & Divestment Costs

$

24,671

$

38,947

$

Recall Integration Costs

Recall Costs

Capital Expenditures

Total

b. Other Noteworthy 2016 Acquisitions

22,343

47,014

65

92,997

131,944

18,391

63,618

115,340

178,958

18,456

$

47,079

$

150,335

$

197,414

In March 2016, we acquired a controlling interest in Docufile Holdings Proprietary Limited ("Docufile"), a storage and 
records management company with operations in South Africa, for approximately $15.0 million. The acquisition of Docufile 
represents our entrance into Africa.

In March 2016, in order to expand our presence in the Baltic region, we acquired the stock of Archyvu Sistemos, a storage 

and records management company with operations in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, for approximately $5.1 million.

70

In August 2016, we reached an agreement in principle under a non-binding memorandum of understanding to acquire the 
information management operations of Santa Fe Group A/S (“Santa Fe”) in ten regions within Europe and Asia (the “Santa Fe 
Transaction”). In November 2016, we entered into a binding agreement for the Santa Fe Transaction (the "Santa Fe 
Agreement"). In December 2016, in order to expand our presence in southeast Asia and western Europe, we acquired the 
information management assets and operations of Santa Fe in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain and Taiwan (the “2016 
Santa Fe Transaction”) for approximately 15.2 million Euros (approximately $16.0 million, based upon the exchange rate 
between the United States dollar and the Euro as of December 30, 2016, the closing date of the 2016 Santa Fe Transaction). Of 
the total purchase price, 13.5 million Euros (or approximately $14.2 million, based upon the exchange rate between the United 
States dollar and the Euro on the closing date of the 2016 Santa Fe Transaction) was paid during the year ended December 31, 
2016, and the remaining balance is due on the 18-month anniversary of the closing of the 2016 Santa Fe Transaction. We expect 
to acquire the remainder of Santa Fe’s information management operations located in India, Indonesia, Macau, the Philippines 
and South Korea (the "Pending Santa Fe Transaction") during the first half of 2017. The Pending Santa Fe Transaction has an 
aggregate purchase price of approximately 11.8 million Euros (or approximately $12.4 million, based upon the exchange rate 
between the United States dollar and the Euro as of December 31, 2016). However, under the Santa Fe Agreement, the 
completion of the Pending Santa Fe Transaction is subject to closing conditions; accordingly, we can provide no assurance that 
we will complete the Pending Santa Fe Transaction, that the Pending Santa Fe Transaction will not be delayed or that the terms 
of the Pending Santa Fe Transaction will not change.

Divestments

As discussed in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report, we were required to 
make the Divestments in connection with the Recall Transaction. All of the Divestments were completed during the year ended 
December 31, 2016. The net proceeds received in 2016 in connection with the Divestments were used to repay outstanding 
borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility and ultimately will be reinvested in our business. 

The Access Sale (as defined in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report) 

resulted in total consideration of $80.0 million, including cash proceeds of $55.0 million received at the closing of the 
transaction and an additional amount of contingent consideration of up to $25.0 million payable upon the 27-month anniversary 
of the closing of the Access Sale. See Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for 
information regarding our estimate of the fair value of this contingent consideration. 

The Australia Sale (as defined in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report) 

resulted in total consideration of approximately 70.0 million Australian dollars (or approximately $53.2 million, based upon the 
exchange rate between the United States dollar and the Australian dollar as of October 31, 2016 (the closing date of the 
Australia Sale)), subject to adjustments. The total consideration for the Australia Sale consists of (i) 35.0 million Australian 
dollars in cash received upon the closing of the Australia Sale and (ii) 35.0 million Australian dollars in the form of a note from 
the buyers to us (the"Bridging Loan Note"). The Bridging Loan Note bears interest at 3.3% per annum and matures of 
December 29, 2017, at which point all outstanding obligations become due. The purchase price for the Australia Sale is subject 
to certain adjustments, including adjustments associated with customer attrition subsequent to the closing of the Australia Sale.

The UK Sale (as defined in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report) resulted 

in total consideration of approximately 1.8 million British pounds sterling (or approximately $2.2 million, based upon the 
exchange rate between the United States dollar and the British pound sterling as of December 9, 2016 (the closing date of the 
UK Sale)), subject to adjustments. 

The ARKIVE Sale (as defined in Note 6 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report), 

resulted in total consideration of approximately $50.0 million, subject to adjustments. Of the total consideration for the 
ARKIVE Sale, we received approximately $45.0 million in cash proceeds upon the closing of the ARKIVE Sale and the 
remaining consideration is held in escrow. ARKIVE may be entitled to receive from us, on the 24-month anniversary of the 
closing of the ARKIVE Sale, cash payments, up to the total consideration paid by ARKIVE, based on lost revenues attributable 
to the acquired customer base. 

71

 
Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2016 and the anticipated effect of these 

obligations on our liquidity in future years (in thousands):

Capital Lease Obligations

Long-Term Debt Obligations (excluding Capital
Lease Obligations)

Interest Payments(1)

Operating Lease Obligations(2)

Purchase and Asset Retirement Obligations

Payments Due by Period

Less than
1 Year

1–3 Years

3–5 Years

$

52,640

$

85,519

$

70,405

$

More than
5 Years
101,296

120,335

325,079

294,103

58,378

1,471,901

1,679,396

2,739,349

590,170

511,789

29,975

432,312

433,715

2,960

387,045

1,175,015

26,955

Total
309,860

$

6,010,981

1,734,606

2,414,622

118,268

Total(3)(4)

$ 10,588,337

$

850,535

$ 2,689,354

$ 2,618,788

$ 4,429,660

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Amounts include variable rate interest payments, which are calculated utilizing the applicable interest rates as of 
December 31, 2016; see Note 4 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report. 
Amounts also include interest on capital leases.

(2)  These amounts are net of sublease income of $28.0 million in total (including $6.4 million, $8.3 million, $6.1 million 

and $7.2 million, in less than 1 year, 1-3 years, 3-5 years and more than 5 years, respectively).

(3)  The table above excludes $59.5 million in uncertain tax positions as we are unable to make reliable estimates of the 

period of cash settlement, if any, with the respective taxing authorities.

(4)  The table above excludes $54.7 million of redeemable noncontrolling interests, which represents the estimated 

redemption value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in our consolidated subsidiaries in Chile, India and South 
Africa.

We expect to meet our cash flow requirements for the next twelve months from cash generated from operations, existing 

cash, cash equivalents, borrowings under the Credit Agreement and other financings, which may include senior or senior 
subordinated notes, secured credit facilities, securitizations and mortgage or capital lease financings, or the issuance of equity. 
We expect to meet our long-term cash flow requirements using the same means described above. We are currently operating 
above our long-term targeted leverage ratio and expect to do so for the foreseeable future. As a REIT, we expect our long-term 
capital allocation strategy will naturally shift towards lower leverage, though our leverage has increased over the last several 
fiscal years to fund the costs of the REIT conversion and the Recall Transaction.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Regulation S-K Item 303(a)(4)(ii).

Net Operating Losses

We have federal net operating loss carryforwards, which expire from 2023 through 2033, of $67.1 million at December 

31, 2016 to reduce future federal taxable income, of which $1.2 million of federal tax benefit is expected to be realized. We can 
carry forward these net operating losses to the extent we do not utilize them in any given available year. We have state net 
operating loss carryforwards, which expire from 2017 through 2035, of which an insignificant state tax benefit is expected to be 
realized. We have assets for foreign net operating losses of $97.5 million, with various expiration dates (and in some cases no 
expiration date), subject to a valuation allowance of approximately 73%.

Inflation

Certain of our expenses, such as wages and benefits, insurance, occupancy costs and equipment repair and replacement, 

are subject to normal inflationary pressures. Although to date we have been able to offset inflationary cost increases with 
increased operating efficiencies, the negotiation of favorable long-term real estate leases and an ability to increase prices in our 
customer contracts (many of which contain provisions for inflationary price escalators), we can give no assurance that we will 
be able to offset any future inflationary cost increases through similar efficiencies, leases or increased storage rental or service 
charges.

72

 
 
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents (including 

time deposits) and accounts receivable. The only significant concentrations of liquid investments as of December 31, 2016 
related to cash and cash equivalents held in time deposits with six global banks, all of which we consider to be large, highly-
rated investment-grade institutions. As per our risk management investment policy, we limit exposure to concentration of credit 
risk by limiting the amount invested in any one mutual fund to a maximum of $50.0 million or in any one financial institution 
to a maximum of $75.0 million. As of December 31, 2016, our cash and cash equivalents balance was $236.5 million, including 
time deposits amounting to $22.2 million.  

Interest Rate Risk

Given the recurring nature of our revenues and the long-term nature of our asset base, we have the ability and the 
preference to use long-term, fixed interest rate debt to finance our business at attractive rates, thereby helping to preserve our 
long-term returns on invested capital. We target approximately 75% of our debt portfolio to be fixed with respect to interest 
rates. Occasionally, we will use interest rate swaps as a tool to maintain our targeted level of fixed rate debt. See Notes 3 and 4 
to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.

As of December 31, 2016, we had $1,694.6 million of variable rate debt outstanding with a weighted average variable 

interest rate of approximately 3.6%, and $4,624.5 million of fixed rate debt outstanding. As of December 31, 2016, 
approximately 73% of our total debt outstanding was fixed. If the weighted average variable interest rate on our variable rate 
debt had increased by 1%, our net income for the year ended December 31, 2016 would have been reduced by approximately 
$13.7 million. See Note 4 to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for a discussion of our 
long-term indebtedness, including the fair values of such indebtedness as of December 31, 2016.

Currency Risk

Our international investments may be subject to risks and uncertainties related to fluctuations in currency valuation. Our 
reporting currency is the United States dollar. However, our international revenues and expenses are generated in the currencies 
of the countries in which we operate, primarily the British pound sterling, Euro, Canadian dollar, Brazilian real and the 
Australian dollar. Declines in the value of the local currencies in which we are paid relative to the United States dollar will 
cause revenues in United States dollar terms to decrease and dollar-denominated liabilities to increase in local currency.

The impact of currency fluctuations on our earnings is mitigated by the fact that most operating and other expenses are 
also incurred and paid in the local currency. We also have several intercompany obligations between our foreign subsidiaries 
and IMI and our United States-based subsidiaries. In addition, our treasury centers in Europe, our foreign subsidiaries and IME 
also have intercompany obligations between them. These intercompany obligations are primarily denominated in the local 
currency of the foreign subsidiary.

We have adopted and implemented a number of strategies to mitigate the risks associated with fluctuations in foreign 
currency exchange rates. One strategy is to finance certain of our international subsidiaries with debt that is denominated in 
local currencies, thereby providing a natural hedge. In determining the amount of any such financing, we take into account 
local tax considerations, among other factors. Another strategy we utilize is for IMI or IMIM, a wholly-owned subsidiary of 
IMI, to borrow in foreign currencies to hedge our intercompany financing activities. In addition, on occasion, we enter into 
currency swaps to temporarily or permanently hedge an overseas investment, such as a major acquisition, to lock in certain 
transaction economics. We have implemented these strategies for our foreign investments in the United Kingdom, Canada, 
Australia, and continental Europe. IME has financed a portion of its capital needs through the issuance in British pounds 
sterling of the GBP Notes. Our Australian business has financed a portion of its capital needs through direct borrowings in 
Australian dollars under the AUD Term Loan. Similarly, Canada Company has financed a portion of its capital needs through 
direct borrowings in Canadian dollars under the Credit Agreement and through the issuance of the CAD Notes. This creates a 
tax efficient natural currency hedge. We utilize a portion of Euro denominated borrowings by IMI under the Revolving Credit 
Facility to effectively hedge our outstanding intercompany loans denominated in Euros. We designate a portion of our Euro 
denominated borrowings by IMI under the Revolving Credit Facility as a hedge of net investment of certain of our Euro 
denominated subsidiaries. As a result, we recorded $1.1 million ($1.1 million, net of tax) of foreign exchange gains related to 
the "marking-to-market" of such debt to currency translation adjustments which is a component of accumulated other 
comprehensive items, net included in stockholders' equity for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, 
cumulative net gains of $18.2 million, net of tax are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive items, net associated with 
this net investment hedge.

73

Historically, we have entered into forward contracts to hedge our exposures in Euros, British pounds sterling and 

Australian dollars. During 2016, however, we had no forward contracts outstanding. In the future, we may enter into new 
forward contracts to hedge movements in the underlying currencies. At the maturity of any forward contract, we may enter into 
a new forward contract to hedge movements in the underlying currencies. At the time of settlement, we either pay or receive the 
net settlement amount from any forward contract and recognize this amount in other expense (income), net in the 
accompanying statements of operations as a realized foreign exchange gain or loss. At the end of each month, we mark the 
outstanding forward contracts to market and record an unrealized foreign exchange gain or loss for the mark-to-market 
valuation. We have not designated forward contracts as hedges. As of December 31, 2016, except as noted above, our currency 
exposures to intercompany balances are not hedged.

The impact of devaluation or depreciating currency on an entity depends on the residual effect on the local economy and 

the ability of an entity to raise prices and/or reduce expenses. Due to our constantly changing currency exposure and the 
potential substantial volatility of currency exchange rates, we cannot predict the effect of exchange fluctuations on our 
business. The effect of a change in foreign currency exchange rates on our net investment in foreign subsidiaries is reflected in 
the "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items, net" component of equity. A 10% depreciation in year-end 2016 functional 
currencies, relative to the United States dollar, would result in a reduction in our equity of approximately $196.6 million.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

The information required by this item is included in Item 15(a) of this Annual Report.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

74

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The term "disclosure controls and procedures" is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. These 

rules refer to the controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information is recorded, 
processed, accumulated, summarized, communicated and reported to management, including its principal executive and 
principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding what is required to be disclosed by a company in 
the reports that it files under the Exchange Act. As of December 31, 2016 (the "Evaluation Date"), we carried out an evaluation, 
under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial 
officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive officer 
and chief financial officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, is responsible 

for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) 
of the Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and board of 
directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. Due to their inherent limitations, 
internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness 
to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the 
degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Under the supervision and with the participation of our 
management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness 
of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The scope of management’s assessment of 
the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting included all of our consolidated operations except for the 
operations of Recall Holdings Limited, which was acquired on May 2, 2016. This exclusion is in accordance with the SEC’s 
general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from the scope of our evaluation in the 
year of acquisition. Revenues and assets excluded from management’s assessment constitute approximately 13% of total 
consolidated revenues and approximately 7% of total consolidated assets for the year ended December 31, 2016. Based on this 
evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an 

independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included in this Annual Report.

75

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM  

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Iron Mountain Incorporated
Boston, Massachusetts

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Iron Mountain Incorporated and subsidiaries (the 
“Company”) as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued 
by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. As described in Management’s Report on 
Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial 
reporting at Recall Holdings Limited, which was acquired on May 2, 2016. Revenues and assets excluded from management’s 
assessment constitute approximately 13% of total consolidated revenues and approximately 7% of total consolidated assets for 
the year ended December 31, 2016. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Recall 
Holdings Limited. The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting 
and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying 
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the 
Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 

States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective 
internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding 
of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design 
and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we 
considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s 

principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s 
board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial 
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting 
principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the 
maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of 
the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial 
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are 
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable 
assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that 
could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or 

improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a 
timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future 
periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of 
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. 

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of 

December 31, 2016, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the 
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 
of the Company and our report dated February 23, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and 
financial statement schedule.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Boston, Massachusetts
February 23, 2017

76

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the 
Securities Act of 1934) during the quarter ended December 31, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to 
materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

77

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The information required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement.

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statements.

(a) Financial Statements filed as part of this report:

PART IV

A. Iron Mountain Incorporated

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets, December 31, 2015 and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Operations, Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Equity, Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Statement Schedule III—Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

(b)  Exhibits filed as part of this report: As listed in the Exhibit Index following the signature page hereof.

Page

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

159

78

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Iron Mountain Incorporated
Boston, Massachusetts

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Iron Mountain Incorporated and subsidiaries (the 
"Company") as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income 
(loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. Our audits also included the 
financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the 
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and 
financial statement schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial 
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and 
disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates 
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a 
reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Iron 

Mountain Incorporated and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash 
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally 
accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation 
to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth 
therein.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 

States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the criteria established in 
Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission, and our report dated February 23, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over 
financial reporting. 

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Boston, Massachusetts
February 23, 2017

79

 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

ASSETS
Current Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable (less allowances of $31,447 and $44,290 as of

December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively)

Deferred income taxes
Prepaid expenses and other
Total Current Assets
Property, Plant and Equipment:
Property, plant and equipment
Less—Accumulated depreciation

Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Other Assets, net:

Goodwill
Customer relationships and customer inducements
Other (see Note 2.w.)

Total Other Assets, net
Total Assets

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities:

Current portion of long-term debt
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses
Deferred revenue

Total Current Liabilities
Long-term Debt, net of current portion
Other Long-term Liabilities
Deferred Rent
Deferred Income Taxes (see Note 2.w.)
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 10)
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests (see Note 2.x.)
Equity:

Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity:

Preferred stock (par value $0.01; authorized 10,000,000 shares; none issued and
outstanding)

Common stock (par value $0.01; authorized 400,000,000 shares; issued and
outstanding 211,340,296 shares and 263,682,670 shares as of December 31, 2015 and
2016, respectively)
Additional paid-in capital
(Distributions in excess of earnings) Earnings in excess of distributions
Accumulated other comprehensive items, net

Total Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity

Noncontrolling Interests

Total Equity

Total Liabilities and Equity

December 31,

2015

2016

$

128,381

$

236,484

564,401
22,179
142,951
857,912

691,249
—
184,374
1,112,107

4,744,236
(2,247,078)
2,497,158

5,535,783
(2,452,457)
3,083,326

$

$

2,360,978
603,314
31,225
2,995,517
6,350,587

88,068
219,590
351,061
183,112
841,831
4,757,610
71,844
95,693
55,002

—

—

3,905,021
1,252,523
133,823
5,291,367
9,486,800

172,975
222,197
450,257
201,128
1,046,557
6,078,206
99,540
119,834
151,295

54,697

—

2,113
1,623,863
(942,218)
(174,917)
508,841
19,766
528,607
6,350,587

$

2,636
3,489,795
(1,343,311)
(212,573)
1,936,547
124
1,936,671
9,486,800

$

$

$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

80

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

Revenues:

Storage rental
Service

Total Revenues
Operating Expenses:

$

$

1,860,243
1,257,450
3,117,693

$

1,837,897
1,170,079
3,007,976

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)
Selling, general and administrative
Depreciation and amortization
Loss (Gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment
(excluding real estate), net

Total Operating Expenses

Operating Income (Loss)
Interest Expense, Net (includes Interest Income of $2,443, $3,984 and
$7,558 in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively)
Other Expense (Income), Net

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before (Benefit)
Provision for Income Taxes and Gain on Sale of Real Estate

(Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes
Gain on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
Net Income (Loss)

Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
Earnings (Losses) per Share—Basic:
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
Total Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
Earnings (Losses) per Share—Diluted:
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
Total Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding—Basic
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding—Diluted
Dividends Declared per Common Share

$

$
$
$

$
$
$

$

1,344,636
869,572
353,143

1,065
2,568,416
549,277

1,290,025
844,960
345,464

3,000
2,483,449
524,527

260,717
65,187

223,373
(97,275)
(8,307)
328,955
(209)
328,746
2,627
326,119

$

263,871
98,590

162,066
37,713
(850)
125,203
—
125,203
1,962
123,241

$

1.68

$
— $
$

1.67

0.59

$
— $
$

0.58

1.67

$
— $
$

1.66
195,278
196,749
5.3713

$

0.59

$
— $
$

0.58
210,764
212,118
1.9100

$

2,142,905
1,368,548
3,511,453

1,567,777
988,332
452,326

1,412
3,009,847
501,606

310,662
44,300

146,644
44,944
(2,180)
103,880
3,353
107,233
2,409
104,824

0.41
0.01
0.43

0.41
0.01
0.42
246,178
247,267
2.0427    

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

81

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In thousands)

Net Income (Loss)

Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income:

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments

Market Value Adjustments for Securities

Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Year Ended December 31,

2014
$ 328,746

2015
$ 125,203

2016
$ 107,233

(66,867)
53
(66,814)
261,932

2,184

(100,970)
(245)
(101,215)
23,988

(35,641)
(734)
(36,375)
70,858

633

3,690

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated

$ 259,748

$ 23,355

$ 67,168

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

82

 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)

Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity

Earnings in
Excess of
Distributions
(Distributions 
in
Excess of 
Earnings)

Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Items, Net

Noncontrolling
Interests

Redeemable
Noncontrolling
Interests

Common Stock

Total

Shares

Amounts

Balance, December 31, 2013

$

1,051,734

191,426,920

$

1,914

$

980,164

$

67,820

$

(8,660)

$

10,496

$

Issuance of shares under
employee stock purchase plan
and option plans and stock-
based compensation, including
tax deficiency of $60
Parent cash dividends declared

Special distribution in
connection with conversion to
REIT (see Note 13)

Foreign currency translation
adjustment
Market value adjustments for
securities
Net income (loss)

Noncontrolling interests equity
contributions
Noncontrolling interests
dividends
Purchase of noncontrolling
interests
Divestiture of noncontrolling
interests

64,473

2,638,554

(493,513)

—

26

—

64,447

—

—

(493,513)

—

15,753,338

158

559,821

(559,979)

(66,867)

53

328,746

1,800

(1,613)

(20,416)

5,558

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(17,693)

2,102

—

—

326,119

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(66,424)

53

—

—

—

—

—

Balance, December 31, 2014

869,955

209,818,812

2,098

1,588,841

(659,553)

(75,031)

Issuance of shares under
employee stock purchase plan
and option plans and stock-
based compensation, including
tax benefit of $327
Parent cash dividends declared

Foreign currency translation
adjustment
Market value adjustments for
securities

Net income (loss)

Noncontrolling interests equity
contributions
Noncontrolling interests
dividends

35,037

1,521,484

(405,906)

(100,970)

(245)

125,203

7,590

(2,057)

—

—

—

—

—

—

15

—

—

—

—

—

—

35,022

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(405,906)

—

—

123,241

—

—

—

—

(245)

—

—

—

Balance, December 31, 2015

528,607

211,340,296

2,113

1,623,863

(942,218)

(174,917)

Reclassification to redeemable
noncontrolling interests

Change in value of redeemable
noncontrolling interests (see
Note 2.x.)

Issuance of shares under
employee stock purchase plan
and option plans and stock-
based compensation

Issuance of shares in
connection with the acquisition
of Recall Holdings Limited (see
Note 6)

(25,437)

(28,831)

—

—

60,260

2,108,962

—

—

21

—

(28,831)

60,239

1,835,026

50,233,412

502

1,834,524

Parent cash dividends declared

(505,917)

Foreign currency translation
adjustment
Market value adjustments for
securities

Net income (loss)

Noncontrolling interests equity
contributions
Noncontrolling interests
dividends
Purchase of noncontrolling
interests

(36,056)

(734)

106,646

1,299

(1,698)

3,506

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(505,917)

—

—

104,824

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(36,922)

(734)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(443)

—

2,627

1,800

(1,613)

(2,723)

3,456

13,600

—

—

—

1,962

7,590

(2,057)

19,766

(25,437)

—

—

—

—

866

—

1,822

1,299

(1,698)

3,506

(99,641)

(1,329)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

25,437

28,831

—

—

—

415

—

587

—

(573)

—

Balance, December 31, 2016

$

1,936,671

263,682,670

$

2,636

$ 3,489,795

$

(1,343,311)

$

(212,573)

$

124

$

54,697

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

83

 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

Net income (loss)
Loss (income) from discontinued operations

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash flows from operating activities:

Depreciation
Amortization (includes amortization of deferred financing costs and discount of $8,009, $9,249 and $13,151 in
2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively)
Revenue reduction associated with amortization of permanent withdrawal fees (see Note 2.i.)
Stock-based compensation expense
(Benefit) provision for deferred income taxes
Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net
(Gain) Loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment, net (including real estate)
Loss on disposal of Iron Mountain Divestments (see Note 6)
Foreign currency transactions and other, net

Changes in Assets and Liabilities (exclusive of acquisitions):

Accounts receivable
Prepaid expenses and other
Accounts payable
Accrued expenses and deferred revenue
Other assets and long-term liabilities
Cash Flows from Operating Activities-Continuing Operations
Cash Flows from Operating Activities-Discontinued Operations
Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

Capital expenditures
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash
Acquisition of customer relationships
Customer inducements
Net proceeds from Iron Mountain Divestments (see Note 6)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment and other, net (including real estate)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities-Continuing Operations
Cash Flows from Investing Activities-Discontinued Operations
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

Repayment of revolving credit, term loan facilities, bridge facilities and other debt
Proceeds from revolving credit, term loan facilities, bridge facilities and other debt
Early retirement of senior subordinated notes
Net proceeds from sales of senior notes

Debt financing and equity contribution from noncontrolling interests
Debt repayment and equity distribution to noncontrolling interests
Parent cash dividends
Net proceeds (payments) associated with employee stock-based awards
Excess tax (deficiency) benefits from employee stock-based awards
Payment of debt financing and stock issuance costs
Cash Flows from Financing Activities-Continuing Operations
Cash Flows from Financing Activities-Discontinued Operations
Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Effect of Exchange Rates on Cash and Cash Equivalents
Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year
Supplemental Information:
Cash Paid for Interest
Cash Paid for Income Taxes, Net

Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:

Capital Leases
Accrued Capital Expenditures
Dividends Payable
Fair Value of Stock Issued for Recall Transaction (see Note 6)

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

328,746
209

$

125,203
—

$

107,233
(3,353)

304,557

56,595

11,715
29,624
(270,790)
16,495
(9,447)
—
38,296

113
48,941
16,870
(101,427)
2,451
472,948
—
472,948

(361,924)
(128,093)
—
(15,074)
(19,373)
—
44,486
(479,978)
—
(479,978)

301,219

365,526

53,494

11,670
27,585
(7,473)
27,305
1,941
—
44,221

17,984
5,171
18,017
(77,469)
(7,108)
541,760
—
541,760

(290,249)
(113,558)
33,860
(32,611)
(22,500)
—
2,272
(422,786)
—
(422,786)

99,951

12,217
28,976
(50,368)
9,283
(898)
16,838
16,624

(23,206)
(34,274)
(50,712)
51,617
(4,238)
541,216
2,679
543,895

(328,603)
(291,965)
—
(31,561)
(19,205)
30,654
7,977
(632,703)
96,712
(535,991)

(8,824,711)
9,285,187
(566,352)
642,417

1,800
(16,570)
(542,298)
44,290
(60)
(3,846)
19,857
—
19,857
(7,420)
5,407
120,526
125,933

257,599
167,448

$

$
$

(10,796,873)
10,925,709
(814,728)
985,000

(14,851,440)
14,544,388
—
925,443

7,590
(2,016)
(406,508)
7,149
327
(14,161)
(108,511)
—
(108,511)
(8,015)
2,448
125,933
128,381

259,815
42,440

$

$
$

1,299
(1,765)
(505,871)
31,922
—
(18,603)
125,373
—
125,373
(25,174)
108,103
128,381
236,484

297,122
69,866

24,106
47,529
6,182

$
$
$
— $

50,083
51,846
5,950

$
$
$
— $

74,881
62,691
5,625
1,835,026

$

$
$

$
$
$
$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

1. Nature of Business

The accompanying financial statements represent the consolidated accounts of Iron Mountain Incorporated, a Delaware 
corporation ("IMI"), and its subsidiaries ("we" or "us"). We store records, primarily physical records and data backup media, 
and provide information management services in various locations throughout North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia 
Pacific and Africa. We have a diversified customer base consisting of commercial, legal, financial, healthcare, insurance, life 
sciences, energy, business services, entertainment and government organizations.

We have been organized and operating as a real estate investment trust for United States federal income tax purposes 

("REIT") effective for our taxable year beginning January 1, 2014.  

On May 2, 2016 (Sydney, Australia time), we completed the acquisition of Recall Holdings Limited ("Recall") pursuant 

to the Scheme Implementation Deed, as amended, with Recall (the "Recall Transaction"). At the closing of the Recall 
Transaction, we paid approximately $331,800 in cash and issued 50,233,412 shares of our common stock which, based on the 
closing price of our common stock as of April 29, 2016 (the last day of trading on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") 
prior to the closing of the Recall Transaction) of $36.53 per share, resulted in a total purchase price to Recall shareholders of 
approximately $2,166,900. See Note 6.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

a.  Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying financial statements reflect our financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), 

equity and cash flows on a consolidated basis. All intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated.

b.  Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States 

of America ("GAAP") requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, 
liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial 
statements and for the period then ended. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the estimates used. We base our estimates on 
historical experience, actuarial estimates, current conditions and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable 
under the circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities 
and are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

c.  Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and cash invested in highly liquid short-term securities, which have 

remaining maturities at the date of purchase of less than 90 days. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost, which 
approximates fair value.

85

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

d.  Foreign Currency

Local currencies are the functional currencies for our operations outside the United States, with the exception of certain 
foreign holding companies and our financing centers in Europe, whose functional currency is the United States dollar. In those 
instances where the local currency is the functional currency, assets and liabilities are translated at period-end exchange rates, 
and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for the applicable period. Resulting translation adjustments 
are reflected in the accumulated other comprehensive items, net component of Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity 
and Noncontrolling Interests in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The gain or loss on foreign currency 
transactions, calculated as the difference between the historical exchange rate and the exchange rate at the applicable 
measurement date, including those related to (i) our previously outstanding 71/4% GBP Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014 
(the "71/4% Notes"), (ii) our previously outstanding 63/4% Euro Senior Subordinated Notes due 2018 (the "63/4% Notes"), (iii) 
borrowings in certain foreign currencies under our Revolving Credit Facility and our Former Revolving Credit Facility (each as 
defined in Note 4) and (iv) certain foreign currency denominated intercompany obligations of our foreign subsidiaries to us and 
between our foreign subsidiaries, which are not considered permanently invested, are included in other expense (income), net, 
in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. 

The total loss on foreign currency transactions for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is as follows:

Total loss on foreign currency transactions

e.  Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Year Ended December 31,

2014
58,316

$

2015
70,851

$

2016
20,413

$

Every derivative instrument is required to be recorded in the balance sheet as either an asset or a liability measured at its 
fair value. Periodically, we acquire derivative instruments that are intended to hedge either cash flows or values that are subject 
to foreign exchange or other market price risk and not for trading purposes. We have formally documented our hedging 
relationships, including identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as our risk management 
objectives and strategies for undertaking each hedge transaction. Given the recurring nature of our revenues and the long-term 
nature of our asset base, we have the ability and the preference to use long-term, fixed interest rate debt to finance our business, 
thereby preserving our long-term returns on invested capital. We target approximately 75% of our debt portfolio to be fixed 
with respect to interest rates. Occasionally, we may use interest rate swaps as a tool to maintain our targeted level of fixed rate 
debt. In addition, we may use borrowings in foreign currencies, either obtained in the United States or by our foreign 
subsidiaries, to hedge foreign currency risk associated with our international investments. Sometimes we enter into currency 
swaps to temporarily hedge an overseas investment, such as a major acquisition, while we arrange permanent financing or to 
hedge our exposure due to foreign currency exchange movements related to our intercompany accounts with and between our 
foreign subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, we had no forward contracts outstanding. 

f.  Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method with the following useful 

lives (in years):

Buildings and building improvements
Leasehold improvements

Racking

Warehouse equipment/vehicles

Furniture and fixtures

Computer hardware and software

Range

5 to 40
5 to 10 or life of the lease (whichever is shorter)

1 to 20 or life of the lease (whichever is shorter)

1 to 10

1 to 10

2 to 5

86

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Property, plant and equipment (including capital leases in the respective category), at cost, consist of the following:

Land

Buildings and building improvements

Leasehold improvements

Racking

Warehouse equipment/vehicles

Furniture and fixtures

Computer hardware and software

Construction in progress

December 31,

2015

2016

$

218,174

$

260,059

1,507,224

447,449

1,556,749

335,728

50,307

515,688

112,917

1,702,448

538,368

1,875,771

395,595

52,836

588,980

121,726

$

4,744,236

$

5,535,783

Minor maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Major improvements which extend the life, increase the capacity or 

improve the safety or the efficiency of property owned are capitalized. Major improvements to leased buildings are capitalized 
as leasehold improvements and depreciated.

We develop various software applications for internal use. Computer software costs associated with internal use software 
are expensed as incurred until certain capitalization criteria are met. Payroll and related costs for employees directly associated 
with, and devoting time to, the development of internal use computer software projects (to the extent time is spent directly on 
the project) are capitalized. During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, we capitalized $19,419, $26,201 and 
$16,438 of costs, respectively, associated with the development of internal use computer software projects. Capitalization 
begins when the design stage of the application has been completed and it is probable that the project will be completed and 
used to perform the function intended. Capitalization ends when the asset is ready for its intended use. Depreciation begins 
when the software is placed in service. Computer software costs that are capitalized are periodically evaluated for impairment.

During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2016, we wrote off previously deferred software costs associated with 
internal use software development projects that were discontinued after implementation, which resulted in a loss on disposal/
write-down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of 
Operations, by segment as follows:

North American Records and Information Management Business

$

1,000

$

— $

1,833

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

North American Data Management Business

Western European Business

Other International Business

Corporate and Other Business

—

300

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

$

1,300

$

— $

1,833

87

 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Entities are required to record the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is 

incurred. Asset retirement obligations represent the costs to replace or remove tangible long-lived assets required by law, 
regulatory rule or contractual agreement. When the liability is initially recorded, the entity capitalizes the cost by increasing the 
carrying amount of the related long-lived asset, which is then depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. The liability is 
increased over time through accretion expense (included in depreciation expense) such that the liability will equate to the future 
cost to retire the long-lived asset at the expected retirement date. Upon settlement of the liability, an entity either settles the 
obligation for its recorded amount or realizes a gain or loss upon settlement. Our asset retirement obligations are primarily the 
result of requirements under our facility lease agreements which generally have "return to original condition" clauses which 
would require us to remove or restore items such as shred pits, vaults, demising walls and office build-outs, among others. The 
significant assumptions used in estimating our aggregate asset retirement obligation are the timing of removals, the probability 
of a requirement to perform, estimated cost and associated expected inflation rates that are consistent with historical rates and 
credit-adjusted risk-free rates that approximate our incremental borrowing rate.

A reconciliation of liabilities for asset retirement obligations (included in other long-term liabilities) is as follows:

December 31,

Asset Retirement Obligations, beginning of the year

2015
12,897

$

$

Liabilities Assumed

Liabilities Incurred

Liabilities Settled

Accretion Expense

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments

Asset Retirement Obligations, end of the year

$

g.  Long-Lived Assets

—

1,030
(966)
1,241
(205)
13,997

$

2016
13,997

10,678

687
(1,106)
1,587
(355)
25,488

We review long-lived assets, including all finite-lived intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in 
circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is determined 
by comparing the forecasted undiscounted net cash flows of the operation to which the assets relate to their carrying amount. 
The operations are generally distinguished by the business segment and geographic region in which they operate. If it is 
determined that we are unable to recover the carrying amount of the assets, the long-lived assets are written down, on a pro rata 
basis, to fair value. Fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows or appraised values, depending upon the nature of 
the assets. Long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, are amortized over their useful lives. We annually, or more 
frequently if events or circumstances warrant, assess whether a change in the lives over which long-lived assets, including 
finite-lived intangible assets, are amortized is necessary.

Consolidated loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net was $1,065 for the 

year ended December 31, 2014 and consisted primarily of losses associated with the write-off of certain software associated 
with our North American Records and Information Management Business segment. Consolidated loss on disposal/write-down 
of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net was $3,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015 and consisted 
primarily of approximately $1,800 of losses associated with the write-off of certain property in our Western European Business 
segment, as well as $1,500 of losses associated with the write-off of certain property in our North American Records and 
Information Management Business segment, partially offset by gains on the retirement of leased vehicles accounted for as 
capital lease assets primarily associated with our North American Records and Information Management Business segment. 
Consolidated loss on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net was $1,412 for the year 
ended December 31, 2016 and consisted primarily of losses associated with the write-off of certain software assets associated 
with our North American Records and Information Management Business segment, partially offset by gains on the retirement 
of leased vehicles accounted for as capital lease assets primarily associated with our North American Records and Information 
Management Business segment.

88

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Gain on sale of real estate, net of tax, which consists primarily of the sale of land and buildings in the United Kingdom, 

United States and Canada, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is as follows:

Gain on sale of real estate

Tax effect on gain on sale of real estate

Gain on sale of real estate, net of tax

h.  Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Year Ended December 31,

2014
$ 10,512
(2,205)
$ 8,307

$

$

2015

2016

1,059
(209)
850

$

$

2,310
(130)
2,180

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized but are reviewed annually for impairment or more 
frequently if impairment indicators arise. Other than goodwill, we currently have no intangible assets that have indefinite lives 
and which are not amortized. 

We have selected October 1 as our annual goodwill impairment review date. As described in more detail below, we 
performed our annual goodwill impairment review as of October 1, 2014, 2015 and 2016, and concluded that goodwill was not 
impaired as of such dates. As of December 31, 2016, no factors were identified that would alter our October 1, 2016 goodwill 
impairment analysis. In making this assessment, we considered a number of factors including operating results, business plans, 
anticipated future cash flows, transactions and marketplace data. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and our 
judgment in applying them to the analysis of goodwill impairment. When changes occur in the composition of one or more 
reporting units, the goodwill is reassigned to the reporting units affected based on their relative fair values. 

Goodwill Impairment Analysis - 2015

Our reporting units at which level we performed our goodwill impairment analysis as of October 1, 2015 were as follows: 

(1) North American Records and Information Management; (2) North American Secure Shredding; (3) North American Data 
Management; (4) Adjacent Businesses - Data Centers (which consists primarily of our data center business in the United 
States); (5) Adjacent Businesses - Consumer Storage (which consists of a consumer storage business with operations in the 
United States acquired in April 2015); (6) the United Kingdom (including our operations in England, Northern Ireland and 
Scotland), Ireland and Norway (the "UKI and Norway" reporting unit); (7) Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the 
Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland (the "Continental Western Europe" reporting unit); (8) the remaining countries in Europe in 
which we operate, excluding Russia, Ukraine and Denmark (the "Emerging Markets - Eastern Europe" reporting unit); (9) Latin 
America; (10) Australia and Singapore; (11) China (including Taiwan) and Hong Kong (the "Greater China" reporting unit); 
(12) India; and (13) Russia, Ukraine and Denmark. We concluded that the goodwill for each of our reporting units was not 
impaired as of such date. 

During the fourth quarter of 2015, as a result of changes in the management of certain of our businesses in Europe and 
Asia Pacific, we reassessed the composition of our reporting units as well as our reportable operating segments (see Note 9 for 
a description of our reportable operating segments). As part of this reassessment, we determined that our former Russia, 
Ukraine and Denmark reporting unit, as well as our business in Norway (which was previously managed along with our 
operations in the United Kingdom and Ireland within our UKI and Norway reporting unit) are being managed in conjunction 
with the businesses included in our Emerging Markets - Eastern Europe reporting unit. This reporting unit, which consists of (i) 
our former Emerging Markets - Eastern Europe reporting unit, (ii) our former Russia, Ukraine and Denmark reporting unit, and 
(iii) our business in Norway is referred to herein as the “Emerging Markets - Europe” reporting unit. Our businesses in the 
United Kingdom and Ireland are being managed as a separate reporting unit (the “UKI” reporting unit). Additionally, we 
determined that our business in Singapore, which was previously managed along with our operations in Australia, is being 
managed with our businesses in our Greater China reporting unit. This reporting unit, which consists of (i) our former Greater 
China reporting unit and (ii) our business in Singapore, is referred to herein as the "Southeast Asia" reporting unit. Our business 
in Australia was being managed on a standalone basis (the “Australia” reporting unit). 

89

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

As a result of the change in the composition of our reporting units noted above, we concluded that we had an interim 
triggering event, and, therefore, during the fourth quarter of 2015, we performed an interim goodwill impairment test, for the 
UKI, Emerging Markets - Europe, Australia and Southeast Asia reporting units. We concluded that the goodwill for each of 
these reporting units was not impaired as of such date. 

Additionally, in December 2015, we acquired Crozier Fine Arts ("Crozier"), a storage, logistics and transportation business 

for high value paintings, photographs and other types of art. We determined that Crozier will be managed as a separate 
component within our Adjacent Businesses operating segment and, therefore, constitutes a separate reporting unit (the 
"Adjacent Businesses - Fine Arts" reporting unit). 

Goodwill by Reporting Unit as of December 31, 2015

The carrying value of goodwill, net for each of our reporting units described above as of December 31, 2015 was as 

follows: 

North American Records and Information Management(1)
North American Secure Shredding(1)
North American Data Management(2)
Adjacent Businesses - Data Centers(3)
Adjacent Businesses - Consumer Storage(3)
Adjacent Businesses - Fine Arts(3)
UKI(4)
Continental Western Europe(4)
Emerging Markets - Europe(5)
Latin America(5)
Australia(5)
Southeast Asia(5)
India(5)
Total

$

$

Carrying Value 
as of 
December 31, 2015

1,342,723
73,021
369,907
—
4,636
21,550
260,202
63,442
87,378
78,537
47,786
5,683
6,113
2,360,978

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  This reporting unit is included in the North American Records and Information Management Business segment.

(2)  This reporting unit is included in the North American Data Management Business segment.

(3)  This reporting unit is included in the Corporate and Other Business segment.

(4)  This reporting unit is included in the Western European Business segment.

(5)  This reporting unit is included in the Other International Business segment.

90

 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Goodwill Impairment Analysis - 2016

In the third quarter of 2016, as a result of changes in the management of our businesses included in our Western European 
Business segment, we reassessed the composition of our reporting units. As a result of this reassessment, we determined that the 
businesses included in our former UKI reporting unit were now being managed in conjunction with the businesses included in 
our former Continental Western Europe reporting unit. As a result, we concluded that our Western European Business segment 
consists of one reporting unit, which is referred to herein as the Western Europe reporting unit.

The acquisitions we completed during the first nine months of 2016, which are more fully disclosed in Note 6, impacted 

our reporting units as of October 1, 2016 as follows: 

•  North American Records and Information Management - includes the goodwill associated with the records and 

information management businesses of Recall in the United States and Canada. 

•  North American Secure Shredding - includes the goodwill associated with the secure shredding businesses of 

Recall in the United States and Canada. 

•  North American Data Management - includes the goodwill associated with the data management businesses of 

Recall in the United States and Canada.

•  Western Europe - includes the goodwill associated with the operations of Recall in Belgium, France, Germany, 

Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom as well as the goodwill associated with the Information Governance 
and Digital Solutions (formerly referred to as document management solutions, or DMS) operations of Recall in 
Sweden.

•  Northern and Eastern Europe - this reporting unit consists of our former Emerging Markets - Europe reporting unit 
and includes the goodwill associated with the operations of Recall in Denmark, Finland and Norway, as well as the 
goodwill associated with the records and information management operations of Recall in Sweden. This reporting 
unit also includes goodwill associated with our March 2016 acquisition of Archyvu Sistemos with operations in 
Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.

•  Latin America - includes the goodwill associated with the operations of Recall in Brazil and Mexico. 
•  Australia and New Zealand - this reporting unit consists of the goodwill associated with the Australia Retained 

Business (as defined in Note 6), which was a component of our former Australia reporting unit, as well as the 
operations of Recall in Australia and New Zealand. 
Southeast Asia - includes the goodwill associated with the operations of Recall in China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, 
Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. 

• 

•  Africa and India - includes the goodwill associated with the operations of Recall in India, as well as the goodwill 

associated with our March 2016 acquisition of Docufile Holdings Proprietary Limited with operations in South 
Africa.

As a result of the changes described above, our reporting units at which level we performed our goodwill impairment 
analysis as of October 1, 2016 were as follows: (1) North American Records and Information Management; (2) North American 
Secure Shredding; (3) North American Data Management; (4) Adjacent Businesses - Data Centers; (5) Adjacent Businesses - 
Consumer Storage; (6) Adjacent Businesses - Fine Arts; (7) Western Europe; (8) Northern and Eastern Europe; (9) Latin 
America; (10) Australia and New Zealand; (11) Southeast Asia; and (12) Africa and India. We concluded that the goodwill for 
each of these reporting units was not impaired as of such date. 

91

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Goodwill by Reporting Unit as of December 31, 2016

The carrying value of goodwill, net for each of our reporting units described above as of December 31, 2016 is as follows: 

North American Records and Information Management(1)
North American Secure Shredding(1)
North American Data Management(2)
Adjacent Businesses - Data Centers(3)
Adjacent Businesses - Consumer Storage(3)
Adjacent Businesses - Fine Arts(3)
Western Europe(4)(5)
Northern and Eastern Europe(6)
Latin America(6)
Australia and New Zealand(6)
Southeast Asia(5)(6)
Africa and India(6)
Total

$

$

Carrying Value
as of
December 31, 2016

2,122,891
158,020
505,690
—
3,011
22,911
349,421
136,431
147,782
274,981
162,351
21,532
3,905,021

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  This reporting unit is included in the North American Records and Information Management Business segment.

(2)  This reporting unit is included in the North American Data Management Business segment.

(3)  This reporting unit is included in the Corporate and Other Business segment.

(4)  This reporting unit is included in the Western European Business segment.

 (5)  Included in this reporting unit at December 31, 2016 is the goodwill associated with our December 2016 acquisition of 
certain of the information management operations of Santa Fe Group A/S ("Santa Fe"), as more fully disclosed in Note 
6. Our Western Europe reporting unit includes the goodwill associated with Santa Fe's information management 
operations in Spain, while our Southeast Asia reporting unit includes the goodwill associated with Santa Fe's 
information management operations in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan.

(6)  This reporting unit is included in the Other International Business segment.

Reporting unit valuations have been determined using a combined approach based on the present value of future cash 

flows and market multiples of revenues and earnings. The income approach incorporates many assumptions including future 
growth rates and operating margins, discount rate factors, expected capital expenditures and income tax cash flows. Changes in 
economic and operating conditions impacting these assumptions could result in goodwill impairments in future periods. In 
conjunction with our annual goodwill impairment reviews, we reconcile the sum of the valuations of all of our reporting units to 
our market capitalization as of such dates.

92

 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

The changes in the carrying value of goodwill attributable to each reportable operating segment for the years ended 

December 31, 2015 and 2016 is as follows:

Gross Balance as of December 31,
2014
Deductible goodwill acquired during
the year
Non-deductible goodwill acquired
during the year
Fair value and other adjustments(1)

Currency effects

Gross Balance as of December 31,
2015

Deductible goodwill acquired during
the year
Non-deductible goodwill acquired
during the year
Goodwill allocated to Iron Mountain
Divestments(2)

Fair value and other adjustments(3)

Currency effects
Gross Balance as of December 31,
2016
Accumulated Amortization Balance
as of December 31, 2014

Currency effects

Accumulated Amortization Balance
as of December 31, 2015
Currency effects

Accumulated Amortization Balance
as of December 31, 2016

North 
American
Records and
Information
Management
Business

North 
American
Data 
Management
Business

Western
European
Business

Other
International
Business

Corporate
and Other
Business

Total
Consolidated

$ 1,645,209

$

429,982

$

405,570

$

261,458

$

— $ 2,742,219

29

2,730

104

(27,647)

7

—

—

26,186

26,222

567
(25)
(6,925)

1,936
(448)
(25,909)

9,064
(353)
(44,543)

—

—

—

14,297
(722)
(105,024)

1,620,425

423,606

381,149

225,626

26,186

2,676,992

—

—

—

—

—

—

867,756

135,836

73,760

578,596

215

1,656,163

(3,332)

(157)

1,114

$ 2,485,806

$

205,987

(1,306)

204,681
214

$

204,895

—

—

1

559,443

54,025
(326)

53,699
54

53,753

369,907

505,690

$

$

$

$

$

—

—
(49,338)

405,571

58,273
(768)

57,505
(1,355)

56,150

323,644

349,421

— $

46,500

— $

46,500

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

(40,089)
(971)
(20,036)

—
(479)
—

(43,421)
(1,607)
(68,259)

743,126

$ 25,922

$ 4,219,868

151
(22)

129
(80)

$

— $

—

—
—

318,436
(2,422)

316,014
(1,167)

49

$

— $

314,847

225,497

$ 26,186

$ 2,360,978

743,077

$ 25,922

$ 3,905,021

— $

— $

132,409

— $

— $

132,409

Net Balance as of December 31, 2015 $ 1,415,744

Net Balance as of December 31, 2016 $ 2,280,911

Accumulated Goodwill Impairment
Balance as of December 31, 2015

Accumulated Goodwill Impairment
Balance as of December 31, 2016

$

$

85,909

85,909

___________________________________________________________________

93

 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

(1)  Total fair value and other adjustments primarily include $622 in net adjustments to deferred income taxes and 
$(5,036) related to customer relationships and acquisition costs and other assumed liabilities (which represent 
adjustments within the applicable measurement period to provisional amounts recognized in purchase accounting), as 
well as $3,692 of cash paid related to certain acquisitions completed in 2014.

(2)  Goodwill allocated to Iron Mountain Divestments includes $40,089 and $3,332 of goodwill allocated to the Australia 

Divestment Business and the Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments (each as defined in Note 6), respectively. 

(3)  Total fair value and other adjustments primarily include net adjustments of $(1,425) related to property, plant and 

equipment, customer relationship intangible assets (which represent adjustments within the applicable measurement 
period to provisional amounts recognized in purchase accounting) and other liabilities, and $182 of cash received 
related to certain acquisitions completed in 2015. 

i.  Customer Relationship Intangible Assets, Customer Inducements and Other Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

Customer relationship intangible assets, which are acquired through either business combinations or acquisitions of 

customer relationships, are amortized over periods ranging from eight to 30 years (weighted average of 18 years at 
December 31, 2016). The value of customer relationship intangible assets is calculated based upon estimates of their fair value 
utilizing an income approach based on the present value of expected future cash flows.

Costs related to the acquisition of large volume accounts are capitalized. Free intake costs to transport boxes to one of our 

facilities, which include labor and transportation costs ("Move Costs"), are amortized over periods ranging from eight to 
30 years (weighted average of 26 years at December 31, 2016), and are included in depreciation and amortization in the 
accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Payments that are made to a customer's current records management 
vendor in order to terminate the customer's existing contract with that vendor, or direct payments to a customer ("Permanent 
Withdrawal Fees"), are amortized over periods ranging from three to 15 years (weighted average of eight years at December 31, 
2016), and are included in storage and service revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Move 
Costs and Permanent Withdrawal Fees are collectively referred to as "Customer Inducements". If the customer terminates its 
relationship with us, the unamortized carrying value of the Customer Inducement intangible asset is charged to expense or 
revenue. However, in the event of such termination, we generally collect, and record as income, permanent removal fees that 
generally equal or exceed the amount of the unamortized Customer Inducement intangible asset. 

Other finite-lived intangible assets, including trade names, noncompetition agreements and trademarks, are capitalized and 

amortized over periods ranging from three to 10 years (weighted average of eight years at December 31, 2016).

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2015 and 

2016, respectively, are as follows:

Gross Carrying Amount
Customer relationship intangible assets and Customer Inducements

2015
937,174

2016
$ 1,604,020

$

Other finite-lived intangible assets (included in other assets, net)

11,111

24,788

December 31,

Accumulated Amortization

Customer relationship intangible assets and Customer Inducements

$

333,860

$

351,497

Other finite-lived intangible assets (included in other assets, net)

8,325

7,989

94

 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Amortization expense associated with finite-lived intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 

is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

Customer relationship intangible assets and Customer Inducements:

Amortization expense included in depreciation and amortization

$

46,733

$

43,614

$

84,349

Revenue reduction associated with amortization of Permanent
Withdrawal Fees

Other finite-lived intangible assets:

11,715

11,670

12,217

Amortization expense included in depreciation and amortization

1,853

631

2,451

Estimated amortization expense for existing finite-lived intangible assets (excluding deferred financing costs, as disclosed 

in Note 2.j.) is as follows:

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021

j.  Deferred Financing Costs

Estimated Amortization

Included in Depreciation
and Amortization

Charged to Revenues

$

$

93,956
93,040
91,389
90,970
90,283

7,907
6,520
4,776
3,501
2,424

Deferred financing costs are amortized over the life of the related debt using the effective interest rate method. If debt is 
retired early, the related unamortized deferred financing costs are written off in the period the debt is retired to other expense 
(income), net. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, gross carrying amount of deferred financing costs was $70,549 and $92,982, 
respectively, and accumulated amortization of those costs was $12,250 and $25,047, respectively. Unamortized deferred 
financing costs are included as a component of long-term debt in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Estimated amortization expense for deferred financing costs, which are amortized as a component of interest expense, is 

as follows:

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Thereafter

Estimated Amortization of
Deferred Financing Costs

15,138
14,393
12,870
10,274
6,434
8,826

$

95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

k.  Prepaid Expenses and Accrued Expenses

Prepaid expenses and accrued expenses, with items greater than 5% of total current assets and liabilities shown separately, 

respectively, consist of the following:

Income tax receivable
Other
Prepaid expenses

Interest

Payroll and vacation

Incentive compensation

Other

Accrued expenses

l.  Revenues  

$

$

$

December 31,

2015

2016

33,173
109,778
142,951

$

$

22,811
161,563
184,374

December 31,

2015

2016

68,316

$

50,143

61,422

171,180

$

351,061

$

76,615

68,067

70,117

235,458

450,257

Our revenues consist of storage rental revenues as well as service revenues and are reflected net of sales and value added 

taxes. Storage rental revenues, which are considered a key driver of financial performance for the storage and information 
management services industry, consist primarily of recurring periodic rental charges related to the storage of materials or data 
(generally on a per unit basis) and technology escrow services that protect and manage source code. Service revenues include 
charges for related service activities, which include: (1) the handling of records, including the addition of new records, 
temporary removal of records from storage, refiling of removed records and the destruction of records; (2) courier operations, 
consisting primarily of the pickup and delivery of records upon customer request; (3) secure shredding of sensitive documents 
and the related sale of recycled paper, the price of which can fluctuate from period to period; (4) other services, including the 
scanning, imaging and document conversion services of active and inactive records ("Information Governance and Digital 
Solutions") which relate to physical and digital records, and project revenues; (5) customer termination and permanent removal 
fees; (6) data restoration projects; (7) special project work; (8) the storage, assembly, reporting and delivery of customer 
marketing literature, or fulfillment services; (9) consulting services; and (10) other technology services and product sales 
(including specially designed storage containers and related supplies).

We recognize revenue when the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) services 
have been rendered; (3) the sales price is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability of the resulting receivable is reasonably 
assured. Storage rental and service revenues are recognized in the month the respective storage rental or service is provided, 
and customers are generally billed on a monthly basis on contractually agreed-upon terms. Amounts related to future storage 
rental or prepaid service contracts for customers where storage rental fees or services are billed in advance are accounted for as 
deferred revenue and recognized ratably over the period the applicable storage rental or service is provided or performed. 
Revenues from the sales of products, which are included as a component of service revenues, are recognized when products are 
shipped and title has passed to the customer. Revenues from the sales of products, which represented less than 2% of 
consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016, have historically not been significant.

96

 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 

2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASU 2014-09"). ASU 2014-09 provides guidance for 
management to reassess revenue recognition as it relates to: (1) transfer of control, (2) variable consideration, (3) allocation of 
transaction price based on relative standalone selling price, (4) licenses, (5) time value of money, and (6) contract costs. In 
August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the 
Effective Date ("ASU 2015-14"). ASU 2015-14 deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for one year, making it effective for 
us on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted as of January 1, 2017. We will adopt ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018.  
See Note 2.w. for additional information on ASU 2014-09.

m.  Rent Normalization

We have entered into various leases for buildings that expire over various terms. Certain leases have fixed escalation 
clauses (excluding those tied to the consumer price index or other inflation-based indices) or other features (including return to 
original condition, primarily in the United Kingdom) which require normalization of the rental expense over the life of the 
lease, resulting in deferred rent being reflected as a liability in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, we 
have assumed various above and below market leases in connection with certain of our acquisitions. The difference between the 
present value of these lease obligations and the market rate at the date of the acquisition was recorded as either a deferred rent 
liability or deferred rent asset (which is a component of Other within Other Assets, net in our Consolidated Balance Sheets) and 
is being amortized to rent expense.

n.  Stock-Based Compensation

We record stock-based compensation expense, utilizing the straight-line method, for the cost of stock options, restricted 
stock units ("RSUs"), performance units ("PUs") and shares of stock issued under our employee stock purchase plan ("ESPP") 
(together, "Employee Stock-Based Awards").

Stock-based compensation expense for Employee Stock-Based Awards included in the accompanying Consolidated 
Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 was $29,624 ($21,886 after tax or $0.11 per 
basic and diluted share), $27,585 ($19,679 after tax or $0.09 per basic and diluted share) and $28,976 ($22,364 after tax or 
$0.09 per basic and diluted share), respectively.

Stock-based compensation expense for Employee Stock-Based Awards included in the accompanying Consolidated 

Statements of Operations is as follows:

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Total stock-based compensation

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

$

680

28,944

29,624

$

$

220

27,365

27,585

$

$

110

28,866

28,976

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, the benefits and deficiencies associated with tax deductions in excess 
of recognized compensation cost for Employee Stock-Based Awards were required to be reported as financing activities in the 
accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. This requirement impacted reported operating cash flows and reported 
financing cash flows. As a result, net financing cash flows from continuing operations included $(60) and $327 for the years 
ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively, from the (deficiency) benefit of tax deductions compared to recognized 
compensation cost. The tax benefit of any resulting excess tax deduction increased the Additional Paid-in Capital ("APIC") 
pool. Any resulting tax deficiency was deducted from the APIC pool. 

97

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

 In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to 
Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2016-09"). ASU 2016-09 involves several aspects of the accounting for 
share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, 
accounting for forfeitures of Employee Stock-Based Awards, and classification on the statement of cash flows. Under ASU 
2016-09, income tax benefits or deficiencies in excess of recognized compensation cost for Employee Stock-Based Awards are 
recognized as a component of provision (benefit) for income taxes in the statement of operations and are treated as discrete 
items in the reporting period in which they occur. Additionally, these excess tax benefits or deficiencies are classified along 
with all other income tax cash flows as a component of cash flows from operating activities in the statement of cash flows. In 
the fourth quarter of 2016, we adopted ASU 2016-09 effective as of January 1, 2016. As a result of the adoption of ASU 
2016-09, $265 of tax benefits in excess of recognized compensation costs for Employee Stock-Based Awards are (i) included as 
a component of (benefit) provision for income taxes in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 
31, 2016 and (ii) included as a component of cash flow from operating activities in our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 
for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Stock Options

Under our various stock option plans, options are generally granted with exercise prices equal to the market price of the 

stock on the date of grant; however, in certain instances, options are granted at prices greater than the market price of the stock 
on the date of grant. The options we issue become exercisable ratably over a period of either (i) three years from the date of 
grant and have a contractual life of ten years from the date of grant, unless the holder's employment is terminated sooner, (ii) 
five years from the date of grant and have a contractual life of ten years from the date of grant, unless the holder's employment 
is terminated sooner, or (iii) ten years from the date of grant and have a contractual life of 12 years from the date of grant, 
unless the holder's employment is terminated sooner. Our non-employee directors are considered employees for purposes of our 
stock option plans and stock option reporting. Options granted to our non-employee directors become exercisable immediately 
upon grant.

A summary of our stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2016 by vesting terms is as follows:

Three-year vesting period (10 year contractual life)
Five-year vesting period (10 year contractual life)
Ten-year vesting period (12 year contractual life)

December 31, 2016

Stock Options
Outstanding

% of
Stock Options
Outstanding

2,645,339
573,793
232,566
3,451,698

76.6%
16.7%
6.7%
100.0%

Our equity compensation plans generally provide that any unvested options and other awards granted thereunder shall 

vest immediately if an employee is terminated, or terminates their own employment for good reason (as defined in each plan), 
in connection with a vesting change in control (as defined in each plan). On January 20, 2015, our stockholders approved the 
adoption of the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan"). Under the 2014 Plan, the 
total amount of shares of common stock reserved and available for issuance pursuant to awards granted under the 2014 Plan is 
7,750,000. The 2014 Plan permits us to continue to grant awards through January 20, 2025.

A total of 43,253,839 shares of common stock have been reserved for grants of options and other rights under our various 

stock incentive plans, including the 2014 Plan. The number of shares available for grant under our various stock incentive 
plans, not including the 2014 Plan or the ESPP, at December 31, 2016 was 529,350.

98

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

The weighted average fair value of stock options granted in 2014, 2015 and 2016 was $5.70, $4.84 and $2.56 per share, 

respectively. These values were estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted 
average assumptions used for grants in the year ended December 31:

Weighted Average Assumptions
Expected volatility

Risk-free interest rate

Expected dividend yield

Expected life

2014

2015

2016

34.0%

2.04%

4%

28.4%

1.70%

5%

27.2%

1.32%

7%

6.7 years

5.4 years

5.6 years

Expected volatility is calculated utilizing daily historical volatility over a period that equates to the expected life of the 

option. The risk-free interest rate was based on the United States Treasury interest rates whose term is consistent with the 
expected life (estimated period of time outstanding) of the stock options. Expected dividend yield is considered in the option 
pricing model and represents our current annualized expected per share dividends over the current trade price of our common 
stock. The expected life of the stock options granted is estimated using the historical exercise behavior of employees.

A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2016 is as follows:

Outstanding at December 31, 2015

Granted

Exercised

Forfeited

Expired

Outstanding at December 31, 2016

Options exercisable at December 31, 2016

Options expected to vest

Options
3,688,814

1,445,582
(1,521,377)
(117,078)
(44,243)
3,451,698

1,450,997

1,906,425

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

$

$

$

$

27.79

34.02

24.05

31.92

36.67

31.79

26.38

35.73

6.90

4.42

8.68

$

$

$

13,484

11,422

1,987

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is as 

follows: 

Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised

Restricted Stock Units

Year Ended December 31,

2014
23,178

$

2015

$

9,056

$

2016
18,298

Under our various equity compensation plans, we may also grant RSUs. Our RSUs generally have a vesting period of 

between three and five years from the date of grant. However, RSUs granted to our non-employee directors in 2015 and 
thereafter vest immediately upon grant. 

All RSUs accrue dividend equivalents associated with the underlying stock as we declare dividends. Dividends will 
generally be paid to holders of RSUs in cash upon the vesting date of the associated RSU and will be forfeited if the RSU does 
not vest. The fair value of RSUs is the excess of the market price of our common stock at the date of grant over the purchase 
price (which is typically zero). 

99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Cash dividends accrued and paid on RSUs for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, are as follows:

Cash dividends accrued on RSUs

Cash dividends paid on RSUs

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

3,698

$

2,508

$

1,377

2,927

2,525

2,363

The fair value of RSUs vested during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, are as follows:

Fair value of RSUs vested

Year Ended December 31,

2014
22,535

$

2015
24,345

$

2016
22,236

$

A summary of RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2016 is as follows:

Non-vested at December 31, 2015

Granted

Vested

Forfeited

Non-vested at December 31, 2016

Weighted-
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value

33.68

32.46

33.22

33.62

33.21

RSUs
1,217,597

705,160
(669,407)
(89,957)
1,163,393

$

$

Performance Units

Under our various equity compensation plans, we may also make awards of PUs. For the majority of outstanding PUs, the 

number of PUs earned is determined based on our performance against predefined targets of revenue and return on invested 
capital ("ROIC"). The number of PUs earned may range from 0% to 200% of the initial award. The number of PUs earned is 
determined based on our actual performance as compared to the targets at the end of a three-year performance period. Certain 
PUs that we grant will be earned based on a market condition associated with the total return on our common stock in relation 
to a subset of the Standard & Poor's 500 Index rather than the revenue and ROIC targets noted above. The number of PUs 
earned based on this market condition may range from 0% to 200% of the initial award. 

All of our PUs will be settled in shares of our common stock and are subject to cliff vesting three years from the date of 
the original PU grant. PUs awarded to employees who terminate their employment during the three-year performance period 
and on or after attaining age 55 and completing 10 years of qualifying service are eligible for pro-rated vesting, subject to the 
actual achievement against the predefined targets or a market condition as discussed above, based on the number of full years of 
service completed following the grant date (but delivery of the shares remains deferred). As a result, PUs are generally 
expensed over the three-year performance period.

All PUs accrue dividend equivalents associated with the underlying stock as we declare dividends. Dividends will 
generally be paid to holders of PUs in cash upon the settlement date of the associated PU and will be forfeited if the PU does 
not vest. 

100

 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Cash dividends accrued and paid on PUs for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, are as follows:

Cash dividends accrued on PUs

Cash dividends paid on PUs

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

1,341

$

874

$

312

1,015

1,078

645

During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, we issued 225,429, 159,334 and 231,672 PUs, respectively. 

The majority of our PUs are earned based on our performance against revenue and ROIC targets during their applicable 
performance period, therefore, we forecast the likelihood of achieving the predefined revenue and ROIC targets in order to 
calculate the expected PUs to be earned. We record a compensation charge based on either the forecasted PUs to be earned 
(during the performance period) or the actual PUs earned (at the three-year anniversary date of the grant date) over the vesting 
period for each of the awards. The fair value of PUs based on our performance against revenue and ROIC targets is the excess 
of the market price of our common stock at the date of grant over the purchase price (which is typically zero). For PUs earned 
based on a market condition, we utilize a Monte Carlo simulation to fair value these awards at the date of grant, and such fair 
value is expensed over the three-year performance period. As of December 31, 2016, we expected 0%, 25% and 100% 
achievement of the predefined revenue and ROIC targets associated with the awards of PUs made in 2014, 2015 and 2016, 
respectively. 

The fair value of earned PUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, is as follows:

Fair value of earned PUs that vested

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

1,216

$

2,107

$

5,748

A summary of PU activity for the year ended December 31, 2016 is as follows:

Non-vested at December 31, 2015

Granted
Vested
Forfeited/Performance or Market Conditions Not
Achieved

Non-vested at December 31, 2016

Original
PU Awards

520,764

231,672
(163,176)

PU
Adjustment(1)
(86,959)
—
—

Total
PU Awards

433,805

231,672
(163,176)

(29,920)
559,340

(34,079)
(121,038)

(63,999)
438,302

$

Weighted-
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
34.11

$

35.95
35.23

40.98

33.67

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Represents an increase or decrease in the number of original PUs awarded based on either the final performance 

criteria or market condition achievement at the end of the performance period of such PUs or a change in estimated 
awards based on the forecasted performance against the predefined targets.  

101

 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

We offer an ESPP in which participation is available to substantially all United States and Canadian employees who meet 

certain service eligibility requirements. The ESPP provides a way for our eligible employees to become stockholders on 
favorable terms. The ESPP provides for the purchase of our common stock by eligible employees through successive offering 
periods. We have historically had two six-month offering periods per year, the first of which generally runs from June 1 through 
November 30 and the second of which generally runs from December 1 through May 31. During each offering period, 
participating employees accumulate after-tax payroll contributions, up to a maximum of 15% of their compensation, to pay the 
purchase price at the end of the offering. Participating employees may withdraw from an offering before the purchase date and 
obtain a refund of the amounts withheld as payroll deductions. At the end of the offering period, outstanding options under the 
ESPP are exercised, and each employee's accumulated contributions are used to purchase our common stock. The price for 
shares purchased under the ESPP is 95% of the fair market price at the end of the offering period, without a look-back feature. 
As a result, we do not recognize compensation expense for the ESPP shares purchased. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 
2015 and 2016, there were 115,046 shares, 122,209 shares and 110,835 shares, respectively, purchased under the ESPP. As of 
December 31, 2016, we have 727,594 shares available under the ESPP.

_______________________________________________________________________________

As of December 31, 2016, unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested portion of our Employee Stock-Based 

Awards was $36,146 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.

We generally issue shares of our common stock for the exercises of stock options, and the vesting of RSUs, PUs and 

shares of our common stock under our ESPP from unissued reserved shares.

o.  Income Taxes

Accounting for income taxes requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax 

consequences of temporary differences between the tax and financial reporting bases of assets and liabilities and for loss and 
credit carryforwards. Valuation allowances are provided when recovery of deferred tax assets does not meet the more likely 
than not standard as defined in GAAP. We have elected to recognize interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax 
positions as a component of the (benefit) provision for income taxes in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of 
Operations.

Prior to our conversion to a REIT, we had not previously provided incremental federal and certain state income taxes on 

net tax over book outside basis differences related to the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries because our intent, prior to our 
conversion to a REIT, was to reinvest our current and future undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries indefinitely 
outside the United States. During 2014, as a result of our conversion to a REIT, we reassessed our intentions regarding the 
indefinite reinvestment of such undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries outside the United States (the "2014 Indefinite 
Reinvestment Assessment"). As a result of the 2014 Indefinite Reinvestment Assessment, we concluded, at that time, that it was 
no longer our intent to indefinitely reinvest our current and future undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries outside the 
United States, and, therefore, during 2014, we recognized an increase in our provision for income taxes from continuing 
operations in the amount of $46,356, representing incremental federal and state income taxes and foreign withholding taxes on 
such foreign earnings. 

102

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

During 2016, as a result of the closing of the Recall Transaction and the subsequent integration of Recall’s operations into 

our operations, we again reassessed our intentions regarding the indefinite reinvestment of such undistributed earnings of our 
foreign subsidiaries outside the United States (the “2016 Indefinite Reinvestment Assessment”). As a result of the 2016 
Indefinite Reinvestment Assessment, we concluded that it is our intent to indefinitely reinvest our current and future 
undistributed earnings of certain of our unconverted foreign taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) outside the United States, and, 
therefore, during 2016, we recognized a decrease in our provision for income taxes from continuing operations in the amount of 
$3,260, representing the reversal of previously recognized incremental foreign withholding taxes on the earnings of such 
unconverted foreign TRSs. As a result of the 2016 Indefinite Reinvestment Assessment, we no longer provide incremental 
foreign withholding taxes on the retained book earnings of these unconverted foreign TRSs, which was $195,692 as of 
December 31, 2016. As a REIT, future repatriation of incremental undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries will not be 
subject to federal or state income tax, with the exception of foreign withholding taxes in limited instances; however, such future 
repatriations will require distribution in accordance with REIT distribution rules, and any such distribution may then be taxable, 
as appropriate, at the stockholder level. We continue, however, to provide for incremental foreign withholding taxes on net book 
over outside basis differences related to the earnings of our foreign qualified REIT subsidiaries ("QRSs") and certain other 
foreign TRSs (excluding unconverted foreign TRSs).

103

 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

p.  Income (Loss) Per Share—Basic and Diluted

Basic income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing income (loss) by the weighted average number of 
common shares outstanding. The calculation of diluted income (loss) per share is consistent with that of basic income (loss) per 
share but gives effect to all potential common shares (that is, securities such as stock options, RSUs, PUs, warrants or 
convertible securities) that were outstanding during the period, unless the effect is antidilutive.

The calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 is as 

follows:

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

Income (loss) from continuing operations
Less: Net income (loss) attributed to noncontrolling interests

Income (loss) from continuing operations (utilized in numerator
of Earnings Per Share calculation)

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated

Weighted-average shares—basic

Effect of dilutive potential stock options

Effect of dilutive potential RSUs and PUs

Weighted-average shares—diluted

Earnings (losses) per share—basic:

Income (loss) from continuing operations

$

$

$

$

$

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated(1) $

Earnings (losses) per share—diluted:
Income (loss) from continuing operations

$

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated(1) $

$

328,955
2,627

326,328

$
(209) $
$

326,119

$

125,203
1,962

123,241

$

— $

123,241

$

103,880
2,409

101,471

3,353

104,824

195,278,000

210,764,000

246,178,000

913,926

557,269

834,659

519,426

574,954

514,044

196,749,195

212,118,085

247,266,998

1.68

—

1.67

1.67

—

1.66

$

$

$

$

0.59

—

0.58

0.59

—

0.58

$

$

$

$

0.41

0.01

0.43

0.41

0.01

0.42

Antidilutive stock options, RSUs and PUs, excluded from the
calculation

872,039

1,435,297

1,790,362

___________________________________________________________________

(1)  Columns may not foot due to rounding. 

104

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

q.  Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Credit Memo Reserves

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memos for estimated losses resulting from the potential 

inability of our customers to make required payments and potential disputes regarding billing and service issues. When 
calculating the allowance, we consider our past loss experience, current and prior trends in our aged receivables and credit 
memo activity, current economic conditions and specific circumstances of individual receivable balances. If the financial 
condition of our customers were to significantly change, resulting in a significant improvement or impairment of their ability to 
make payments, an adjustment of the allowance may be required. We charge-off uncollectible balances as circumstances 
warrant, generally, no later than one year past due.

Rollforward of allowance for doubtful accounts and credit memo reserves is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,
2014
2015
2016

Balance at
Beginning of
the Year

Credit Memos
Charged to
Revenue

Allowance for
Bad Debts
Charged to
Expense

$

$

34,645
32,141
31,447

$

47,137
42,497
37,616

14,209
15,326
8,705

_______________________________________________________________________________

Other(1)
$

(572) $

(4,511)
16,528

Deductions(2)

Balance at
End of
the Year

(63,278) $
(54,006)
(50,006)

32,141
31,447
44,290

(1)  Primarily consists of recoveries of previously written-off accounts receivable, allowances of businesses acquired 

(primarily Recall in 2016) and the impact associated with currency translation adjustments.

(2)  Primarily consists of the issuance of credit memos and the write-off of accounts receivable.

r.  Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents (including

time deposits) and accounts receivable. The only significant concentrations of liquid investments as of December 31, 2015 and 
2016, respectively, related to cash and cash equivalents. At December 31, 2015 and 2016, we had time deposits with four global 
banks and six global banks, respectively. As per our risk management investment policy, we limit exposure to concentration of 
credit risk by limiting the amount invested in any one mutual fund to a maximum of $50,000 or in any one financial institution 
to a maximum of $75,000. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, our cash and cash equivalents balance was $128,381 and 
$236,484, respectively. At December 31, 2015 and 2016, our cash and cash equivalents included time deposits of $18,645 and 
$22,240, respectively.  

s.  Fair Value Measurements

Entities are permitted under GAAP to elect to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at either fair 

value or cost. We have elected the cost measurement option.

Our financial assets or liabilities that are carried at fair value are required to be measured using inputs from the three 

levels of the fair value hierarchy. A financial asset or liability's classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the 
lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to 

access at the measurement date.

105

 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Level 2—Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or 

similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or 
liability (i.e., interest rates, yield curves, etc.), and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market 
data by correlation or other means (market corroborated inputs).

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that reflect our assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in 

pricing the asset or liability.

The assets and liabilities carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, 

respectively, are as follows:

Description
Time Deposits(1)

Trading Securities

Available-for-Sale Securities

Description
Time Deposits(1)

Trading Securities

Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2015 Using

Total Carrying
Value at
December 31,
2015

Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level 1)

Significant other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

$

18,645

$

—

$

18,645  

$

10,371

624

9,514 (2)

624 (2)

857 (1)

—

—

—

—

Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2016 Using

Total Carrying
Value at
December 31,
2016

Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level 1)

Significant other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)

$

22,240

$

10,659

—

$

22,240

$

10,181

(2)

478 (1)

—

—

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Time deposits and certain trading securities (included in Prepaid expenses and other in our Consolidated Balance 

Sheets) are measured based on quoted prices for similar assets and/or subsequent transactions.

(2)  Available-for-sale securities and certain trading securities are measured at fair value using quoted market prices.

Disclosures are required in the financial statements for items measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. We did not 
have any material items that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 
and 2016, with the exception of: (i) goodwill (as disclosed in Note 2.h.); (ii) the assets and liabilities acquired through 
acquisitions (as disclosed in Note 6); (iii) the Access Contingent Consideration (as defined and disclosed in Note 6); and (iv) 
the redemption value of certain redeemable noncontrolling interests (as disclosed in Note 2.x.), all of which are based on Level 
3 inputs.  

The fair value of our long-term debt, which was determined based on either Level 1 inputs or Level 3 inputs, is disclosed 

in Note 4. Long-term debt is measured at cost in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2016. 

106

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

t. 

 Trading Securities

As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, we have one trust that holds marketable securities. As of December 31, 2015 and 

2016, the fair value of the money market and mutual funds included in this trust amounted to $10,371 and $10,659, 
respectively, and were included in prepaid expenses and other in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. We classified 
these marketable securities included in the trust as trading, and included in other expense (income), net in the accompanying 
Consolidated Statements of Operations are realized and unrealized net gains of $1,112, $56 and $472 for the years ended 
December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively, related to these marketable securities.

u.  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items, Net

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive items, net for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 are 

as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2013

Other comprehensive (loss) income:

Foreign currency translation adjustments

Market value adjustments for securities

Total other comprehensive (loss) income

Balance as of December 31, 2014

Other comprehensive (loss) income:

Foreign currency translation adjustments

Market value adjustments for securities

Total other comprehensive (loss) income

Balance as of December 31, 2015

Other comprehensive (loss) income:

Foreign currency translation adjustments

Market value adjustments for securities

Total other comprehensive (loss) income

Balance as of December 31, 2016

Foreign 
Currency
Translation
Adjustments
$

(9,586) $

Market Value
Adjustments
for Securities
926

Total

$

(8,660)

(66,424)
—
(66,424)
(76,010) $

$

(99,641)
—
(99,641)
$ (175,651) $

(36,922)
—
(36,922)
$ (212,573) $

—

53

53

979

$

(66,424)
53
(66,371)
(75,031)

—
(245)
(245)
734

(99,641)
(245)
(99,886)
$ (174,917)

—
(734)
(734)

(36,922)
(734)
(37,656)
— $ (212,573)

107

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

v.  Other Expense (Income), Net

Other expense (income), net consists of the following:

Year Ended December 31,

Foreign currency transaction losses, net

Debt extinguishment expense, net

Other, net

$

$

2014
58,316

$

16,495
(9,624)
65,187

2015
70,851

27,305

434

2016
20,413

$

9,283

14,604

44,300

$

98,590

$

Other, net for the year ended December 31, 2016 includes a charge of $15,417 associated with the loss on disposal of the 
Australia Divestment Business (as described and defined in Note 6) and a charge of $1,421 associated with the loss on disposal 
of the Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments (as described and defined in Note 6), partially offset by $837 of gains associated 
with the deferred compensation plan we sponsor.  

w.  New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements Going Concern (Subtopic 

205-40) (“ASU 2014-15”). ASU 2014-15 requires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by 
incorporating and expanding upon certain principles of current United States auditing standards. Specifically, ASU 2014-15 
(1) provides a definition of the term “substantial doubt”, (2) requires an evaluation every reporting period, including interim 
periods, (3) provides principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) requires certain disclosures 
when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) requires an express statement and 
other disclosures when substantial doubt is still present, and (6) requires an assessment for a period of one year after the date 
that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). ASU 2014-15 is effective for fiscal years ending after 
December 15, 2016. We adopted ASU 2014-15 during the fourth quarter of 2016. The adoption of ASU 2014-15 did not have 
an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation 

Analysis (“ASU 2015-02”). ASU 2015-02 affects reporting entities that are required to evaluate whether they should 
consolidate certain legal entities. We adopted ASU 2015-02 effective as of January 1, 2016. The adoption of ASU 2015-02 did 
not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of 
Deferred Taxes ("ASU 2015-17"). ASU 2015-17 eliminates the requirement for reporting entities to present deferred tax 
liabilities and assets as current and noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. Instead, reporting entities will be required to 
classify all deferred tax liabilities and assets as noncurrent. We adopted ASU 2015-17 during the fourth quarter of 2016 and 
have applied the provisions of ASU 2015-17 on a prospective basis. Therefore, our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 
31, 2016 reflects the adoption of ASU 2015-17. Our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 does not reflect the 
adoption of ASU 2015-17. Had we adopted the provisions of ASU 2015-17 on a retrospective basis, the impact on our 
consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 would have been (i) a decrease in deferred income taxes (a component of 
Total Current Assets) of $22,179, (ii) an increase in other (a component of Other Assets, net) of $18,394 and (iii) a decrease in 
deferred income taxes (a component of Long-term Liabilities) of $3,785.

108

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-07, Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting ("ASU 

2016-07"). ASU 2016-07 eliminates the requirement for a reporting entity to apply the equity method of accounting 
retrospectively when they obtain significant influence over a previously held investment. Furthermore, under ASU 2016-07, for 
any available-for-sale securities that become eligible for the equity method of accounting, the unrealized gain or loss recorded 
within other comprehensive income (loss) associated with the securities should be recognized in earnings at the date the 
investment initially qualifies for the use of the equity method. We adopted ASU 2016-07 on April 1, 2016. The adoption of 
ASU 2016-07 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to 

Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2016-09"). As noted in Note 2.n., we adopted ASU 2016-09 effective as of 
January 1, 2016. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash 
Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 addresses eight specific cash flow changes with the objective of 
reducing existing diversity in the practice of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the 
statement of cash flows. We adopted ASU 2016-15 during the third quarter of 2016. ASU 2016-15 did not have an impact on 
our consolidated financial statements.

As Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

a.   ASU 2014-09

As disclosed in Note 2.l., in May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09. ASU 2014-09 will replace the current revenue 

recognition criteria under GAAP, including industry-specific requirements, and provide companies with a single revenue 
recognition model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that a 
company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects 
the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for such goods or services. The two permitted 
transition methods under ASU 2014-09 are: (i) the full retrospective method, whereby ASU 2014-09 would be applied to each 
prior reporting period presented and the cumulative effect of adoption would be recognized at the earliest period shown, or (ii) 
the modified retrospective method, whereby the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2014-09 would be recognized at the date of 
initial application. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for 
one year, making ASU 2014-09 effective for us on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted as of January 1, 2017. We 
will adopt ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method.

During 2015, we established a project team responsible for the assessment and implementation of ASU 2014-09. We 
utilized a bottoms-up approach to analyze the impact of ASU 2014-09 on our contracts with customers by reviewing our current 
accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences that would result from applying the requirements of ASU 
2014-09 to our contracts with customers. We are currently in the process of designing and implementing appropriate changes to 
our business processes, systems and controls to support the accounting and the financial disclosure requirements under ASU 
2014-09. We have been closely monitoring the FASB activity related to specific interpretative issues pertaining to ASU 
2014-09. During the second half of 2016, we substantially completed our evaluation of the potential changes resulting from the 
adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our accounting and the financial disclosure requirements and are now moving into the more 
detailed quantification of the impacts of adopting ASU 2014-09, the more significant of which are discussed below. Based on 
our analysis to date, we expect that the most significant impacts associated with adopting ASU 2014-09 compared to current 
GAAP will relate to (i) the deferral of certain commissions on our long-term storage contracts (“Accounting for Commissions”) 
and (ii) certain policy changes related to initial moves of physical storage, which will be subject to new cost guidance  
(“Accounting for Initial Moves”).

109

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

i. 

Accounting for Commissions

Under current GAAP, commissions that we pay related to our long-term storage contracts are expensed as incurred. Under 

ASU 2014-09, however, certain commissions will be capitalized and amortized over the period of expected earned revenue. In 
the year of adoption, this will result in increased intangible contract assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, a reduction in 
selling, general and administrative expenses and a corresponding increase in amortization expense (assuming consistent levels 
of spending up through the adoption date) on our Consolidated Statement of Operations and an increase in cash flows from 
operating activities and a corresponding increase in cash used for investing activities on our Consolidated Statement of Cash 
Flows. 

       ii.      Accounting for Initial Moves

Under current GAAP, free intake costs to transport boxes to one of our facilities, which include labor and transportation 

costs, are capitalized and amortized as a component of depreciation and amortization in our Consolidated Statements of 
Operations. Under ASU 2014-09, however, the revenue and costs associated with all initial moves of physical storage,  
regardless of whether or not the services associated with such initial moves are provided to the customer at no charge, will be 
deferred and recognized over the period consistent with the transfer of the service to the customer to which the asset relates. In 
the year of adoption, this will result in decreased intangible assets and increased deferred revenue on our Consolidated Balance 
Sheet, a reduction in cost of sales and a corresponding increase in amortization expense (assuming consistent levels of spending 
up through the adoption date) on our Consolidated Statement of Operations and an increase in cash flows from operating 
activities and a corresponding increase in cash used for investing activities on our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

b.  Other As Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements  

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and 

Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU 2016-01 requires that most equity 
investments be measured at fair value, with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in net income. The pronouncement also 
impacts financial liabilities under the fair value option and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial 
instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective for us on January 1, 2018. We do not believe that the adoption of ASU 2016-01 will have 
a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). ASU 2016-02 requires 
lessees to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by all leases with terms of 
more than 12 months. ASU 2016-02 also will require certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures designed to give financial 
statement users information on the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU 2016-02 will be 
effective for us on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 and are 
currently evaluating the impact ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements.  

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash ("ASU 
2016-18"). ASU 2016-18 provides guidance on the classification of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 
is effective for us on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted and is required to be adopted on a retrospective basis. We 
do not believe that the adoption of ASU 2016-18 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a 
Business ("ASU 2017-01"). ASU 2017-01 provides greater clarity on the definition of a business to assist entities in evaluating 
whether transactions should be accounted for as an acquisition or disposal of assets or businesses. ASU 2017-01 is effective for 
us on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We do not believe that the adoption of ASU 2017-01 will have a material 
impact on our consolidated financial statements.

110

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test 

for Goodwill Impairment ("ASU 2017-04"). ASU 2017-04 modifies the process by which entities will test goodwill for 
impairment. Under existing GAAP, when the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, an entity 
would then proceed to a “Step 2” goodwill impairment analysis, which requires calculating the implied fair value of goodwill 
by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities, as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a 
business combination. Under ASU 2017-04, a goodwill impairment will be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying 
value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. ASU 2017-04 is effective for us 
on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We do not believe ASU 2017-04 will have a material impact on our 
consolidated financial statements.

x.  Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

Certain unaffiliated third parties own noncontrolling interests in our consolidated subsidiaries in Chile, India and South 
Africa. The underlying shareholder agreements between us and our noncontrolling interest shareholders for these subsidiaries 
contain provisions under which the noncontrolling interest shareholders can require us to purchase their respective interests in 
such subsidiaries at certain times and at a purchase price as stipulated in the underlying shareholder agreements (generally at 
fair value). These put options make these noncontrolling interests redeemable and, therefore, these noncontrolling interests are 
classified as temporary equity outside of stockholders' equity. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are reported at the higher of 
their redemption value or the noncontrolling interest holders' proportionate share of the underlying subsidiaries net carrying 
value. Increases or decreases in the redemption value of the noncontrolling interest are offset against APIC.

111

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

3. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Historically, we have entered into forward contracts to hedge our exposures in Euros, British pounds sterling and 

Australian dollars. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, however, we had no forward contracts outstanding.  

Net cash payments (receipts) included in cash from operating activities related to settlements associated with foreign 

currency forward contracts for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, are as follows:

Net payments

Year Ended December 31,

2014
21,125

$

2015
22,705

$

$

2016

—

Losses (gains) for our derivative instruments for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 are as follows:

Amount of Loss (Gain)
Recognized in Income
on Derivatives

December 31,

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging
Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts

Location of Loss (Gain)
Recognized in Income on
Derivative

Other expense (income), net

2014
18,016

2015
20,294

$

$

2016

$

—

We have designated a portion of our previously outstanding 63/4% Notes and Euro denominated borrowings by IMI under 
our Revolving Credit Facility (discussed more fully in Note 4) as a hedge of net investment of certain of our Euro denominated 
subsidiaries. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, we designated on average 47,730, 34,331 and 
29,649 Euros, respectively, of the previously outstanding 63/4% Notes and Euro denominated borrowings by IMI under our 
Revolving Credit Facility as a hedge of net investment of certain of our Euro denominated subsidiaries. As a result, we recorded 
the following foreign exchange gains (losses), net of tax, related to the change in fair value of such debt due to the currency 
translation adjustments, which is a component of accumulated other comprehensive items, net:

Foreign exchange gains (losses)

Less: Tax (expense) benefit on foreign exchange gains (losses)

Foreign exchange gains (losses), net of tax

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

$

6,385
(57)
6,328

$

$

3,284

—
3,284

$

$

1,107

—
1,107

As of December 31, 2016, cumulative net gains of $18,203, net of tax, are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive 

items, net associated with this net investment hedge.

112

 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

4. Debt

Long-term debt is as follows:

Revolving Credit Facility(1)

Term Loan(1)

6% Senior Notes due 2020 (the "6% Notes due 2020")(2)(3)(4)
61/8% CAD Senior Notes due 2021 (the "CAD Notes due 2021")(2)(5)
61/8% GBP Senior Notes due 2022 (the "GBP Notes")(2)(4)(6)
6% Senior Notes due 2023 (the "6% Notes due 2023")(2)(3)
53/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024 (the "53/4% Notes")(2)(3)
Real Estate Mortgages, Capital Leases and Other(7)

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program(8)

Total Long-term Debt

Less Current Portion

Long-term Debt, Net of Current Portion

Revolving Credit Facility(1)

Term Loan(1)

Australian Dollar Term Loan (the "AUD Term Loan")(9)

6% Notes due 2020(2)(3)(4)
43/8% Senior Notes due 2021 ("the 43/8% Notes")(2)(3)(4)
CAD Notes due 2021(2)(5)

GBP Notes(2)(4)(6)

6% Notes due 2023(2)(3)
53/8% CAD Senior Notes due 2023 (the "CAD Notes due 2023")(2)(4)(5)
53/4% Notes(2)(3)
53/8% Senior Notes due 2026 (the "53/8% Notes")(2)(4)(10)
Real Estate Mortgages, Capital Leases and Other(7)

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program(8)

Mortgage Securitization Program(11)

Total Long-term Debt

Less Current Portion

Long-term Debt, Net of Current Portion

4,903,977
(88,068)
$ 4,815,909

$

4,845,678
(88,068)
(58,299) $ 4,757,610

Debt
(inclusive of
discount)
$ 784,438

243,750

1,000,000

144,190

592,140
600,000

1,000,000

333,559

205,900

Debt
(inclusive of
discount)
$ 953,548

234,375

177,198

1,000,000
500,000
148,792
493,648

600,000

185,990

1,000,000

250,000

478,565

247,000

50,000

December 31, 2015

Unamortized
Deferred
Financing
Costs

Carrying
Amount

$

775,028

243,750

983,876

142,266

583,383
591,580

988,098

332,489

205,208

(9,410) $
—
(16,124)
(1,924)
(8,757)
(8,420)
(11,902)
(1,070)
(692)
(58,299)
—

December 31, 2016

Unamortized
Deferred
Financing
Costs

Carrying
Amount

$

946,018

234,375

173,424

987,270
492,407
147,157
487,434

592,678

182,492

989,471

245,956

477,288

246,616

48,595

(7,530) $
—
(3,774)
(12,730)
(7,593)
(1,635)
(6,214)
(7,322)
(3,498)
(10,529)
(4,044)
(1,277)
(384)
(1,405)
(67,935)
—

6,319,116
(172,975)
$ 6,146,141

$

6,251,181
(172,975)
(67,935) $ 6,078,206

Fair
Value
$ 784,438

243,750

1,052,500

147,074

606,944
618,000

961,200

333,559

205,900

Fair
Value
$ 953,548

234,375

178,923

1,052,500
511,250
155,860
527,562

637,500

188,780

1,027,500

242,500

478,565

247,000

50,000

_______________________________________________________________________________

113

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

4. Debt (Continued)

(1)  The capital stock or other equity interests of most of our United States subsidiaries, and up to 66% of the capital stock 
or other equity interests of most of our first-tier foreign subsidiaries, are pledged to secure these debt instruments, 
together with all intercompany obligations (including promissory notes) of subsidiaries owed to us or to one of our 
United States subsidiary guarantors. In addition, Iron Mountain Canada Operations ULC ("Canada Company") has 
pledged 66% of the capital stock of its subsidiaries, and all intercompany obligations (including promissory notes) 
owed to or held by it, to secure the Canadian dollar subfacility under both the Former Revolving Credit Facility and 
the Revolving Credit Facility (each of which is defined below). The fair value (Level 3 of fair value hierarchy 
described at Note 2.s.) of these debt instruments approximates the carrying value (as borrowings under these debt 
instruments are based on current variable market interest rates (plus a margin that is subject to change based on our 
consolidated leverage ratio)), as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.  

(2)  The fair values (Level 1 of fair value hierarchy described at Note 2.s.) of these debt instruments are based on quoted 

market prices for these notes on December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

(3)  Collectively, the "Parent Notes." IMI is the direct obligor on the Parent Notes, which are fully and unconditionally 

guaranteed, on a senior or senior subordinated basis, as the case may be, by its direct and indirect 100% owned United 
States subsidiaries that represent the substantial majority of our United States operations (the "Guarantors"). These 
guarantees are joint and several obligations of the Guarantors. Canada Company, Iron Mountain Europe PLC ("IME"), 
the Accounts Receivable Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiaries (as defined below), the Mortgage Securitization 
Special Purpose Subsidiary (as defined below) and the remainder of our subsidiaries do not guarantee the Parent 
Notes. See Note 5.  

(4)  The 6% Notes due 2020, the 43/8% Notes, the GBP Notes, the CAD Notes due 2023 and the 53/8% Notes (collectively, 
the "Unregistered Notes") have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities 
Act”), or under the securities laws of any other jurisdiction. Unless they are registered, the Unregistered Notes may be 
offered only in transactions that are exempt from registration under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any 
other jurisdiction.

(5)  Canada Company is the direct obligor on the CAD Notes due 2021 and the CAD Notes due 2023 (collectively, the 

"CAD Notes"), which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior basis, by IMI and the Guarantors. These 
guarantees are joint and several obligations of IMI and the Guarantors. See Note 5.  

(6)  IME is the direct obligor on the GBP Notes, which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior basis, by IMI 

and the Guarantors. These guarantees are joint and several obligations of IMI and the Guarantors. See Note 5.

(7)  Includes (i) real estate mortgages of $2,713 and $20,884 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively, which bear 

interest at approximately 4.9% as of December 31, 2015 and 4.4% as of December 31, 2016 and are payable in various 
installments through 2021, (ii) capital lease obligations of $235,348 and $309,860 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, 
respectively, which bear a weighted average interest rate of 7.2% at December 31, 2015 and 4.6% at December 31, 
2016, and (iii) other notes and other obligations, which were assumed by us as a result of certain acquisitions, of 
$95,498 and $147,821 as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively, and bear a weighted average interest rate of 
12.6% as of both December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. We believe the fair value (Level 3 of fair value hierarchy 
described at Note 2.s.) of this debt approximates its carrying value.  

(8)  The Accounts Receivable Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiaries are the obligors under this program. We believe 
the fair value (Level 3 of fair value hierarchy described at Note 2.s.) of this debt approximates its carrying value.

(9)  The fair value (Level 3 of fair value hierarchy described at Note 2.s.) of this debt instrument approximates the carrying 
value as borrowings under this debt instrument are based on a current variable market interest rate. The amount of debt 
for the AUD Term Loan reflects an unamortized original issue discount of $1,725 as of December 31, 2016. 

(10) Iron Mountain US Holdings, Inc. ("IM US Holdings"), a 100% owned subsidiary of IMI and one of the Guarantors, is 
the direct obligor on the 53/8% Notes, which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on a senior basis, by IMI and 
the other Guarantors. These guarantees are joint and several obligations of IMI and such Guarantors. See Note 5. 

114

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

4. Debt (Continued)

(11) The Mortgage Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiary is the obligor under this program. We believe the fair value 

(Level 3 of fair value hierarchy described at Note 2.s.) of this debt approximates its carrying value.  

a. Credit Agreement

On July 2, 2015, we entered into a new credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") to refinance our then existing credit 

agreement (the "Former Credit Agreement") which consisted of a revolving credit facility (the "Former Revolving Credit 
Facility") and a term loan and was scheduled to terminate on June 27, 2016. The Credit Agreement consists of a revolving 
credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") and a term loan (the "Term Loan"). The initial maximum amount of the 
Revolving Credit Facility was $1,500,000. The original amount of the Term Loan was $250,000. We recorded a charge of 
$2,156 to other expense (income), net in the third quarter of 2015 related to the refinancing of the Former Credit Agreement, 
representing a write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs. 

On June 24, 2016, Iron Mountain Information Management, LLC (“IMIM”) entered into a commitment increase 

supplement, pursuant to which we increased the maximum amount permitted to be borrowed under the Revolving Credit 
Facility from $1,500,000 to $1,750,000. We continue to have the option to request additional term loans and/or increases in 
commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility up to $250,000, subject to the conditions specified in the Credit Agreement.

The Revolving Credit Facility is supported by a group of 25 banks and enables IMI and certain of its United States and 

foreign subsidiaries to borrow in United States dollars and (subject to sublimits) a variety of other currencies (including 
Canadian dollars, British pounds sterling, Euros and Australian dollars, among other currencies) in an aggregate outstanding 
amount not to exceed $1,750,000. The Term Loan is to be paid in quarterly installments in an amount equal to $3,125 per 
quarter, with the remaining balance due on July 3, 2019. The Credit Agreement terminates on July 6, 2019, at which point all 
obligations become due, but may be extended by one year at our option, subject to the conditions set forth in the Credit 
Agreement. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement may be prepaid without penalty or premium, in whole or in part, at any 
time. 

IMI and the Guarantors guarantee all obligations under the Credit Agreement. The interest rate on borrowings under the 

Credit Agreement varies depending on our choice of interest rate and currency options, plus an applicable margin, which varies 
based on our consolidated leverage ratio. Additionally, the Credit Agreement requires the payment of a commitment fee on the 
unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, which fee ranges from between 0.25% to 0.4% based on our consolidated 
leverage ratio and fees associated with outstanding letters of credit. As of December 31, 2016, we had $953,548 and $234,375 
of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan, respectively. Of the $953,548 of outstanding 
borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, $787,400 was denominated in United States dollars and 157,930 was 
denominated in Euros. In addition, we also had various outstanding letters of credit totaling $54,957. The remaining amount 
available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2016, based on IMI's leverage ratio, the last 12 
months' earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and rent expense ("EBITDAR"), other adjustments as 
defined in the Credit Agreement and current external debt, was $741,495 (which amount represents the maximum availability 
as of such date). The average interest rate in effect under the Credit Agreement was 2.9% as of December 31, 2016. The 
average interest rate in effect under the Revolving Credit Facility was 2.9% and ranged from 2.3% to 5.0% as of December 31, 
2016 and the interest rate in effect under the Term Loan as of December 31, 2016 was 2.8%.

The Credit Agreement, our indentures and other agreements governing our indebtedness contain certain restrictive 

financial and operating covenants, including covenants that restrict our ability to complete acquisitions, pay cash dividends, 
incur indebtedness, make investments, sell assets and take certain other corporate actions. The covenants do not contain a rating 
trigger. Therefore, a change in our debt rating would not trigger a default under the Credit Agreement, our indentures or other 
agreements governing our indebtedness. The Credit Agreement uses EBITDAR-based calculations as the primary measures of 
financial performance, including leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios.  

115

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

4. Debt (Continued)

Our leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios under the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 and our 

leverage ratio under our indentures as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 are as follows:

Net total lease adjusted leverage ratio

Net secured debt lease adjusted leverage ratio

Bond leverage ratio (not lease adjusted)

Fixed charge coverage ratio

December 31, 2015
5.6

2.6

5.5

2.4

December 31, 2016

Maximum/Minimum Allowable

5.7 Maximum allowable of 6.5

2.7 Maximum allowable of 4.0

5.2 Maximum allowable of 6.5

2.4 Minimum allowable of 1.5

As noted in the table above, our maximum allowable net total lease adjusted leverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is 

6.5. The Credit Agreement also contains a provision which limits, in certain circumstances, our dividends in any four 
consecutive fiscal quarters to 95% of Funds From Operations (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for such four fiscal quarters 
or, if greater, the amount that we would be required to pay in order to continue to be qualified for taxation as a REIT or to avoid 
the imposition of income or excise taxes on IMI. This limitation only is applicable when our net total lease adjusted leverage 
ratio exceeds 6.0 as measured as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter.

Noncompliance with these leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios would have a material adverse effect on our 

financial condition and liquidity.

Commitment fees and letters of credit fees, which are based on the unused balances under the Former Revolving Credit 

Facility, the Revolving Credit Facility and the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program (as defined below) for the years 
ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, are as follows:

Commitment fees and letters of credit fees

b.  Bridge Facility

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

3,322

$

3,743

$

3,533

On April 29, 2016, in order to provide a portion of the financing necessary to close the Recall Transaction, we entered into 

a bridge credit agreement (the “Bridge Credit Agreement”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as a lender and administrative 
agent, and the other lenders party thereto (the "Lenders"), pursuant to which we borrowed an unsecured bridge term loan of 
$850,000 (the "Bridge Facility"). We used the proceeds from the Bridge Facility, together with borrowings under the Revolving 
Credit Facility, to finance a portion of the cost of the Recall Transaction, including refinancing Recall’s existing indebtedness 
and to pay costs we incurred in connection with the Recall Transaction.

On May 31, 2016, we used the proceeds from the issuance of the 

Notes and the 

Notes, together with cash on 

hand and borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, to repay the Bridge Facility, and effective May 31, 2016, we 
terminated the commitments of the Lenders under the Bridge Credit Agreement. We recorded a charge to other expense 
(income), net of $9,283 during the second quarter of 2016 related to the early extinguishment of the Bridge Credit Agreement. 
This charge primarily consisted of the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs.

116

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

4. Debt (Continued)

c. Notes Issued under Indentures

As of December 31, 2016, we had eight series of senior subordinated or senior notes issued under various indentures, four 

of which are direct obligations of the parent company, IMI; one of which (the 53/8% Notes) is a direct obligation of IM US 
Holdings;  two of which (the CAD Notes) are a direct obligation of Canada Company; and one of which (the GBP Notes) is a 
direct obligation of IME. All notes shown below are pari passu with debt outstanding under the Credit Agreement, except the 
53/4% Notes which are subordinated to the Credit Agreement:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

$1,000,000 principal amount of senior notes maturing on October 1, 2020 and bearing interest at a rate of 6% per 
annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1;

$500,000 principal amount of senior notes maturing on June 1, 2021 and bearing interest at a rate of 43/8% per annum, 
payable semi-annually in arrears on December 1 and June 1;

200,000 CAD principal amount of senior notes maturing on August 15, 2021 and bearing interest at a rate of 61/8% per 
annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15;  

400,000 British pounds sterling principal amount of senior notes maturing on September 15, 2022 and bearing interest 
at a rate of 61/8% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15;  

$600,000 principal amount of senior notes maturing on August 15, 2023 and bearing interest at a rate of 6% per 
annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15;

250,000 CAD principal amount of senior notes maturing on September 15, 2023 and bearing interest at a rate of 53/8% 
per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15;

$1,000,000 principal amount of senior subordinated notes maturing on August 15, 2024 and bearing interest at a rate of 
53/4% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15; and

$250,000 principal amount of senior notes maturing on June 1, 2026 and bearing interest at a rate of 53/8% per annum, 
payable semi-annually in arrears on December 1 and June 1.

In January 2014, we redeemed the 150,000 British pounds sterling (approximately $248,000) in aggregate principal 
amount of our 71/4% Notes at 100% of par, plus accrued and unpaid interest, utilizing borrowings under the Former Revolving 
Credit Facility and cash on-hand.

In September 2014, IME completed a private offering of 400,000 British pounds sterling in aggregate principal amount of 
the GBP Notes, which were issued at 100% of par. The net proceeds to IME of 394,000 British pounds sterling (approximately 
$642,000 based on an exchange rate of 1.63), after paying the initial purchasers' commissions and expenses, were used to repay 
amounts outstanding under the Former Revolving Credit Facility and for general corporate purposes.

In December 2014, we redeemed $306,000 aggregate principal outstanding of our previously outstanding 83/8% Senior 
Subordinated Notes due 2021 (the "83/8% Notes") at 104.188% of par, plus accrued and unpaid interest, utilizing borrowings 
under the Former Revolving Credit Facility. We recorded a charge to other expense (income), net of $16,495 related to the early 
extinguishment of this debt in the fourth quarter of 2014 representing the call premium associated with the early redemption, as 
well as a write-off of original issue discounts and unamortized deferred financing costs. 

In September 2015, IMI completed a private offering of $1,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of the 6% Notes due 

2020. The net proceeds to IMI of $985,000, after paying the initial purchasers’ commissions and expenses, were used to redeem 
all of the 63/4% Notes and the 73/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2019, as well as the remainder of the 83/8% Notes in 
October 2015. The remaining net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions. We recorded a 
charge to other expense (income), net of $25,112 in the fourth quarter of 2015 related to the early extinguishment of this debt. 
This charge consists of call premiums, original issue discounts and unamortized deferred financing costs.

117

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

4. Debt (Continued)

In May 2016, IMI completed a private offering of $500,000 in aggregate principal amount of the 43/8% Notes and IM US 

Holdings completed a private offering of $250,000 in aggregate principal amount of the 53/8% Notes. The 43/8% Notes and 
53/8% Notes were issued at par. The aggregate net proceeds of $738,750 from the 43/8% Notes and 53/8% Notes, after paying the 
initial purchasers' commissions, were used, together with cash on hand and borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, for 
the repayment of all outstanding borrowings under the Bridge Credit Agreement.

On September 15, 2016, Canada Company completed a private offering of 250,000 Canadian dollars in aggregate 
principal amount of the CAD Notes due 2023. The CAD Notes due 2023 were issued at par. The aggregate net proceeds from 
the CAD Notes due 2023 of 246,250 Canadian dollars (or $186,693, based upon the exchange rate between the Canadian dollar 
and the United States dollar on September 15, 2016 (the settlement date for the CAD Notes due 2023)), after paying the initial 
purchasers’ commissions, were used to repay outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.

Each of the indentures for the notes provides that we may redeem the outstanding notes, in whole or in part, upon 
satisfaction of certain terms and conditions. In any redemption, we are also required to pay all accrued but unpaid interest on 
the outstanding notes.

The following table presents the various redemption dates and prices of the senior or senior subordinated notes. The 
redemption dates reflect the date at or after which the notes may be redeemed at our option at a premium redemption price. 
After these dates, the notes may be redeemed at 100% of face value:

Redemption
Date

6% Notes due 
2020
October 1,

43/8% Notes 
June 1,

CAD Notes 
due 2021
August 15,

GBP Notes
September 15,

6% Notes due 
2023
August 15,

CAD Notes
due 2023
September 15,

53/4% Notes
August 15,

53/8% Notes 
June 1,

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

103.000% (1)

—

103.063% (1)

104.594% (1)

—  

101.500%

102.188% (1)

101.531%

103.063%

103.000% (1)

—

—

102.875% (1)

101.917%

100.000%

101.094%

100.000%

101.531%

102.000%

104.031% (1)

100.958%

100.000%

100.000%

100.000%

100.000%

101.000%

102.688%

100.000%

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

100.000%

100.000%

100.000%

100.000%

101.344%

100.000%

102.688% (1)

—

—

—

—

—

—  

—  

—  

—

—

100.000%

100.000%

100.000%

100.000%

101.792%

—  

—  

—

—

100.000%

100.000%

100.000%

100.896%

—  

—

—

—

—

—

100.000%

100.000%

—

—

100.000%

100.000%

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Prior to this date, the relevant notes are redeemable, at our option, in whole or in part, at a specified make-whole price.

Each of the indentures for the notes provides that we must repurchase, at the option of the holders, the notes at 101% of 

their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, upon the occurrence of a "Change of Control," which is defined in 
each respective indenture. Except for required repurchases upon the occurrence of a Change of Control or in the event of certain 
asset sales, each as described in the respective indenture, we are not required to make sinking fund or redemption payments 
with respect to any of the notes.

118

 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

4. Debt (Continued)

d. Australian Dollar Term Loan

On September 28, 2016, Iron Mountain Australia Group Pty, Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of IMI, entered into a 
250,000 Australian dollar Syndicated Term Loan B Facility, the AUD Term Loan, which matures in September 2022. The AUD 
Term Loan was issued at 99% of par. The net proceeds of approximately 243,750 Australian dollars (or approximately 
$185,800, based upon the exchange rate between the Australian dollar and the United States dollar on September 28, 2016 (the 
settlement date for the AUD Term Loan)), after paying commissions to the joint lead arrangers and net of the original discount, 
were used to repay outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and for general corporate purposes.

Principal payments on the AUD Term Loan are to be paid in quarterly installments in an amount equivalent to an 

aggregate of 6,250 Australian dollars per year, with the remaining balance due on September 28, 2022. The AUD Term Loan is 
secured by substantially all assets of Iron Mountain Australia Group Pty. Ltd. IMI and the Guarantors guarantee all obligations 
under the AUD Term Loan. The interest rate on borrowings under the AUD Term Loan is based upon BBSY (an Australian 
benchmark variable interest rate) plus 4.3%. As of December 31, 2016, we had 248,437 Australian dollars ($178,923 based 
upon the exchange rate between the United States dollar and the Australian dollar as of December 31, 2016) outstanding on the 
AUD Term Loan and the interest rate in effect under the AUD Term Loan was 6.1%.

e. Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

In March 2015, we entered into a $250,000 accounts receivable securitization program (the "Accounts Receivable 
Securitization Program") involving several of our wholly owned subsidiaries and certain financial institutions. Under the 
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, certain of our subsidiaries sell substantially all of their United States accounts 
receivable balances to our wholly owned special purpose entities, Iron Mountain Receivables QRS, LLC and Iron Mountain 
Receivables TRS, LLC (the "Accounts Receivable Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiaries"). The Accounts Receivable 
Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiaries use the accounts receivable balances to collateralize loans obtained from certain 
financial institutions. The Accounts Receivable Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiaries are consolidated subsidiaries of 
IMI. The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is accounted for as a collateralized financing activity, rather than a sale 
of assets, and therefore: (i) accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral are presented as assets and borrowings are 
presented as liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Operations reflect the 
associated charges for bad debt expense related to pledged accounts receivable (a component of selling, general and 
administrative expenses) and reductions to revenue due to billing and service related credit memos issued to customers and 
related reserves, as well as interest expense associated with the collateralized borrowings and (iii) receipts from customers 
related to the underlying accounts receivable are reflected as operating cash flows and borrowings and repayments under the 
collateralized loans are reflected as financing cash flows within our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. IMIM retains the 
responsibility of servicing the accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral in this transaction and IMI provides a 
performance guaranty. The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program terminates on March 6, 2018, at which point all 
obligations become due. The maximum availability allowed is limited by eligible accounts receivable, as defined under the 
terms of the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the maximum availability 
allowed and amount outstanding under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program was $205,900 and $247,000, 
respectively. The interest rate in effect under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program was 1.3% and 1.7% as of 
December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Commitment fees at a rate of 40 basis points are charged on amounts made 
available but not borrowed under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.  

119

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

4. Debt (Continued)

f. Mortgage Securitization Program

In October 2016, we entered into a $50,000 mortgage securitization program (the "Mortgage Securitization Program") 
involving certain of our wholly owned subsidiaries with Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company (“Goldman Sachs”). Under the 
Mortgage Securitization Program, IMIM contributed certain real estate assets to its wholly owned special purpose entity, Iron 
Mountain Mortgage Finance I, LLC (the "Mortgage Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiary"). The Mortgage Securitization 
Special Purpose Subsidiary then used the real estate to secure a collateralized loan obtained from Goldman Sachs. The 
Mortgage Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiary is a consolidated subsidiary of IMI. The Mortgage Securitization Program 
is accounted for as a collateralized financing activity, rather than a sale of assets, and therefore: (i) real estate assets pledged as 
collateral remain as assets and borrowings are presented as liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, (ii) our Consolidated 
Statement of Operations reflects the associated charges for depreciation expense related to the pledged real estate and interest 
expense associated with the collateralized borrowings and (iii) borrowings and repayments under the collateralized loans are 
reflected as financing cash flows within our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The Mortgage Securitization Program is 
scheduled to terminate on November 6, 2026, at which point all obligations become due. As of December 31, 2016, the 
outstanding amount under the Mortgage Securitization Program was $50,000. The interest rate in effect under the Mortgage 
Securitization Program was 3.5% as of December 31, 2016.

g. Cash Pooling

Subsequent to the closing of the Recall Transaction, certain of our international subsidiaries began participating in a cash 

pooling arrangement (the “Cash Pool”) with Bank Mendes Gans (“BMG”) in order to help manage global liquidity 
requirements. The Cash Pool allows participating subsidiaries to receive credit for cash balances deposited by participating 
subsidiaries in BMG accounts. Under the Cash Pool, cash deposited by participating subsidiaries with BMG is pledged as 
security against the drawings of other participating subsidiaries, and legal rights of offset are provided and, therefore, amounts 
are presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheet on a net basis. Each subsidiary receives interest on the cash balances held on 
deposit or pays interest on the amounts owed based on an applicable rate as defined in the Cash Pool agreement. At December 
31, 2016, we had a net cash position of approximately $1,700 (consisting of a gross cash position of approximately $69,500 less 
outstanding borrowings of approximately $67,800 by participating subsidiaries), which is reflected as cash and cash equivalents 
in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

_______________________________________________________________________________

Maturities of long-term debt are as follows:

Year
2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Thereafter

Net Discounts

Net Deferred Financing Costs
Total Long-term Debt (including current portion)

120

$

$

Amount

172,975

338,540

1,218,880

1,071,088

678,713

2,840,645

6,320,841
(1,725)
(67,935)
6,251,181

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

5. Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors, Canada Company and Non-Guarantors

The following data summarizes the consolidating results of IMI on the equity method of accounting as of December 31, 

2015 and 2016 and for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 and are prepared on the same basis as the 
consolidated financial statements.

The Parent Notes, CAD Notes, GBP Notes and the 53/8% Notes are guaranteed by the subsidiaries referred to below as the 
Guarantors. These subsidiaries are 100% owned by IMI. The guarantees are full and unconditional, as well as joint and several. 

Additionally, IMI guarantees the CAD Notes, which were issued by Canada Company, the GBP Notes, which were issued 

by IME, and the 53/8% Notes, which were issued by IM US Holdings. Canada Company and IME do not guarantee the Parent 
Notes. The subsidiaries that do not guarantee the Parent Notes, the CAD Notes, the GBP Notes, and the 53/8% Notes, including 
IME, the Accounts Receivable Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiaries and the Mortgage Securitization Special Purpose 
Subsidiary, but excluding Canada Company, are referred to below as the Non-Guarantors.

In the normal course of business we periodically change the ownership structure of our subsidiaries to meet the 

requirements of our business. In the event of such changes, we recast the prior period financial information within this footnote 
to conform to the current period presentation in the period such changes occur. Generally, these changes do not alter the 
designation of the underlying subsidiaries as Guarantors or Non-Guarantors. However, they may change whether the underlying 
subsidiary is owned by the Parent, a Guarantor, Canada Company or a Non-Guarantor. If such a change occurs, the amount of 
investment in subsidiaries in the below Consolidated Balance Sheets and equity in the earnings (losses) of subsidiaries, net of 
tax in the below Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) with respect to the relevant Parent, 
Guarantors, Canada Company, Non-Guarantors and Eliminations columns also would change.

In July 2016, certain Non-Guarantor subsidiaries which were originally established at the time of our acquisition of 
Crozier in December 2015 (the “Crozier Entities”), were merged into IMIM, a Guarantor and a substantive operating entity (the 
“Crozier Merger”). As a result of the Crozier Merger, we have recast the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as of 
December 31, 2015, Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year ended December 
31, 2015, and the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2015 to conform to 
the current period presentation of the Crozier Entities. Therefore, (i) the assets, liabilities and equity of the Crozier Entities are 
now reported in the Guarantor column of the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, 
respectively; (ii) the revenues and expenses of the Crozier Entities are now reported in the Guarantor column in the 
accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 
2015 and 2016, respectively; and (iii) the cash flows of the Crozier Entities are now reported in the Guarantor column in the 
accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

As noted in Note 4, in October 2016 we entered into the Mortgage Securitization Program. Under the Mortgage 

Securitization Program, IMIM, a Guarantor, contributed certain real estate assets to the Mortgage Securitization Special 
Purpose Subsidiary, a Non-Guarantor (recorded at historical cost). Following the contribution of such real estate assets, IMIM 
entered into a lease agreement with the Mortgage Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiary for the right to use the real estate 
under which IMIM pays the Mortgage Securitization Special Purpose Subsidiary rent on a monthly basis. Intercompany rental 
revenues and expenses associated with the Mortgage Securitization Program are reflected as a component of Intercompany 
revenues in the Non-Guarantor column and as a component of Intercompany cost of sales in the Guarantor column of the 
accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) and are eliminated in consolidation.  

121

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

5. Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors, Canada Company and Non-Guarantors 
(Continued)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

Parent

Guarantors

December 31, 2015

Canada
Company

Non-
Guarantors

Eliminations

Consolidated

Assets

Current Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable

Intercompany receivable

Other current assets

Total Current Assets

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Other Assets, Net:

Long-term notes receivable from affiliates and
intercompany receivable            

Investment in subsidiaries

Goodwill

Other

Total Assets

Liabilities and Equity

Intercompany Payable

Current Portion of Long-term Debt

Total Other Current Liabilities

Long-term Debt, Net of Current Portion

Long-term Notes Payable to Affiliates and Intercompany
Payable

Other Long-term Liabilities

Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 10)

Noncontrolling Interests

Total Equity

Total Liabilities and Equity

Total Other Assets, Net

4,053,338

2,515,835

Total Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity

508,841

697,844

30,593

$

151

$

7,803

$

13,182

$

107,245

$

18,917

30,428

515,056

— $

—

—

—

898

1,049

661

3,325,005

727,710

—

623

1,038,141

107,235

1,172,096

1,633,885

1,869

459,429

1,640,130

414,407

—

2,305

45,915

137,100

—

27,731

152,975

22,637

203,343

—

(1,038,141)

(29)

(1,038,170)

128,381

564,401

—

165,130

857,912

—

2,497,158

(3,326,874)

(1,217,732)

—

—

—

—

2,360,978

634,539

(4,544,606)

2,995,517

54,721

677,022

725,512

—

2,862

567,873

196,872

767,607

$ 4,055,048

$ 5,321,816

$ 386,358

$ 2,170,141

$

(5,582,776) $

6,350,587

$ 879,649

$

— $

5,892

$

152,600

$

(1,038,141) $

—

56,740

2,608,818

41,159

463,556

674,798

1,000

3,325,005

—

119,454

—

26,804

284,798

869

37,402

—

—

—

508,841

697,844

30,593

46,938

206,663

1,189,196

(29)

—

—

—

88,068

753,763

4,757,610

—

(3,326,874)

—

65,683

—

222,539

489,295

19,766

509,061

(1,217,732)

—

(1,217,732)

508,841

19,766

528,607

$ 4,055,048

$ 5,321,816

$ 386,358

$ 2,170,141

$

(5,582,776) $

6,350,587

122

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

5. Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors, Canada Company and Non-Guarantors 
(Continued)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued)

Parent

Guarantors

December 31, 2016

Canada
Company

Non-
Guarantors

Eliminations

Consolidated

Total Other Assets, Net

5,673,848

4,068,893

Assets

Current Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable

Intercompany receivable

Other current assets

Total Current Assets

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Other Assets, Net:

Long-term notes receivable from affiliates and
intercompany receivable            

Investment in subsidiaries

Goodwill

Other

Total Assets

Liabilities and Equity

Intercompany Payable

Current Portion of Long-term Debt

Total Other Current Liabilities

Long-term Debt, Net of Current Portion

$

2,405

$

23,380

$

17,110

$

193,589

$

—

—

—

2,405

483

53,364

653,008

70,660

800,412

37,781

21,114

4,967

80,972

600,104

108,776

902,469

1,804,991

159,391

1,118,461

—

(674,122)

— $

—

(29)

(674,151)

—

4,014,330

1,659,518

—

—

1,000

699,411

2,602,784

765,698

—

35,504

217,422

49,570

302,496

—

(4,015,330)

77,449

(2,471,882)

1,084,815

571,078

—

—

1,733,342

(6,487,212)

$ 5,676,736

$ 6,674,296

$ 542,859

$ 3,754,272

$

(7,161,363) $

9,486,800

$ 558,492

$

— $

— $

115,630

$

(674,122) $

—

58,478

51,456

488,194

3,093,388

1,055,642

—

40,442

335,410

121,548

286,468

1,593,766

(29)

—

—

236,484

691,249

—

184,374

1,112,107

3,083,326

—

—

3,905,021

1,386,346

5,291,367

—

172,975

873,582

6,078,206

—

370,669

54,697

Long-term Notes Payable to Affiliates and Intercompany
Payable

1,000

4,014,330

—

—

(4,015,330)

Other Long-term Liabilities

—

127,715

54,054

188,900

Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 10)

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests (see Note 2.x.)

28,831

—

—

25,866

—

—

Total Iron Mountain Incorporated Stockholders' Equity

1,936,547

936,959

112,953

1,421,970

(2,471,882)

1,936,547

Noncontrolling Interests

Total Equity

Total Liabilities and Equity

—

—

—

124

—

124

1,936,547

936,959

112,953

1,422,094

(2,471,882)

1,936,671

$ 5,676,736

$ 6,674,296

$ 542,859

$ 3,754,272

$

(7,161,363) $

9,486,800

123

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

5. Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors, Canada Company and Non-Guarantors 
(Continued)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Year Ended December 31, 2014

Parent

Guarantors

Canada
Company

Non-
Guarantors

Eliminations

Consolidated

$

— $ 1,208,380

$ 124,551

$

527,312

$

— $

1,860,243

749,711

68,669

—

—

439,070

64,794

1,958,091

193,220

1,031,176

—

1,257,450

(64,794)

(64,794)

—

3,117,693

Revenues:

Storage rental

Service

Intercompany revenues

Total Revenues

Operating Expenses:

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

Intercompany cost of sales

Selling, general and administrative

Depreciation and amortization

Loss (Gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and
equipment (excluding real estate), net

Total Operating Expenses

Operating (Loss) Income

Interest Expense (Income), Net

Other Expense (Income), Net

—

—

—

—

—

1,182

225

—

1,407

(1,407)

187,650

793,274

—

580,568

214,341

23,040

64,794

13,304

11,797

829

173

1,589,012

113,108

369,079

(23,295)

80,112

36,946

78

(203,380)

(91)

(Loss) Income from Continuing Operations Before (Benefit)
Provision for Income Taxes and Gain on Sale of Real Estate

(189,135)

595,754

(Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes

Gain on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax

—

—

Equity in the (Earnings) Losses of Subsidiaries, Net of Tax

(515,254)

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations

(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

326,119

—

(114,947)

(196)

196,310

514,587

(937)

43,257

12,876

(832)

(992)

32,205

—

528,322

—

1,344,636

—

(64,794)

274,518

126,780

63

929,683

101,493

59,416

268,580

(226,503)

4,796

(7,279)

(31,215)

(192,805)

728

—

—

—

—

869,572

353,143

1,065

(64,794)

2,568,416

—

—

—

—

—

—

351,151

(351,151)

—

549,277

260,717

65,187

223,373

(97,275)

(8,307)

—

328,955

(209)

Net Income (Loss)

326,119

513,650

32,205

(192,077)

(351,151)

328,746

Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling
Interests

—

—

—

2,627

—

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated $ 326,119

$ 326,119

6,328

—

(72,662)

(66,334)

259,785

$

$

513,650

513,650

$

$

32,205

32,205

$

$

(194,704) $

(351,151) $

(192,077) $

(351,151) $

(10,306)

(62,936)

47

53

(73,696)

(73,596)

440,054

—

288

(10,018)

22,187

—

(10,306)

(73,242)

—

—

156,376

156,376

(265,319)

(194,775)

2,627

326,119

328,746

(66,867)

53

—

(66,814)

261,932

Net Income (Loss)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments

Market Value Adjustments for Securities

Equity in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income of
Subsidiaries

Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to
Noncontrolling Interests

—

—

—

2,184

—

2,184

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain
Incorporated

$ 259,785

$

440,054

$

22,187

$

(267,503) $

(194,775) $

259,748

124

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

5. Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors, Canada Company and Non-Guarantors 
(Continued)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Continued)

Year Ended December 31, 2015

Parent

Guarantors

Canada
Company

Non-
Guarantors

Eliminations

Consolidated

$

— $ 1,227,876

$ 118,908

$

491,113

$

— $

1,837,897

Revenues:

Storage rental

Service

Intercompany revenues

Total Revenues

Operating Expenses:

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

Intercompany cost of sales

Selling, general and administrative

Depreciation and amortization

Loss (Gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and
equipment (excluding real estate), net

Total Operating Expenses

Operating (Loss) Income

Interest Expense (Income), Net

Other Expense (Income), Net

(Loss) Income from Continuing Operations Before Provision
(Benefit) for Income Taxes and Gain on Sale of Real Estate

(183,821)

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

Gain on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax

—

—

Equity in the (Earnings) Losses of Subsidiaries, Net of Tax

(307,062)

Net Income (Loss)

123,241

—

—

—

—

—

117

181

—

298

736,101

3,476

61,717

—

1,967,453

180,625

790,426

13,384

595,491

224,443

25,213

58,132

14,734

12,427

962

41

1,624,706

110,547

(298)

342,747

(30,559)

(82,820)

456,126

13,632

—

135,722

306,772

70,078

36,521

55,230

(21,673)

12,787

—

(2,552)

(31,908)

159,848

23,675

372,261

71,516

934,890

474,386

3,476

234,618

108,413

1,997

822,890

112,000

98,061

102,505

(88,566)

11,294

(850)

34,460

(133,470)

Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling
Interests

—

—

—

1,962

—

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated $ 123,241

Net Income (Loss)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments

Market Value Adjustments for Securities

Equity in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income of
Subsidiaries

Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to
Noncontrolling Interests

$ 123,241

3,284

—

(103,170)

(99,886)

23,355

$

$

306,772

306,772

$

$

(31,908) $

(135,432) $

(139,432) $

(31,908) $

(133,470) $

(139,432) $

—

(245)

(19,003)

(85,251)

—

—

(103,521)

(103,766)

203,006

(3,176)

(22,179)

(54,087)

(19,003)

(104,254)

(237,724)

—

—

228,870

228,870

89,438

—

—

—

633

—

633

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain
Incorporated

$ 23,355

$

203,006

$

(54,087) $

(238,357) $

89,438

$

23,355

125

—

1,170,079

(74,992)

(74,992)

—

3,007,976

—

1,290,025

(74,992)

—

—

—

—

844,960

345,464

3,000

(74,992)

2,483,449

—

—

—

—

—

—

139,432

(139,432)

524,527

263,871

98,590

162,066

37,713

(850)

—

125,203

1,962

123,241

125,203

(100,970)

(245)

—

(101,215)

23,988

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

5. Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors, Canada Company and Non-Guarantors 
(Continued)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Continued)

Year Ended December 31, 2016

Parent

Guarantors

Canada
Company

Non-
Guarantors

Eliminations

Consolidated

$

— $ 1,341,840

$ 125,335

$

675,730

$

— $

2,142,905

—

—

—

—

—

668

179

—

847

822,515

3,994

64,147

—

481,886

80,788

2,168,349

189,482

1,238,404

—

1,368,548

(84,782)

(84,782)

—

3,511,453

895,595

17,496

668,975

272,831

29,418

63,292

17,786

15,480

642,764

3,994

300,903

163,836

1,328

310

(226)

—

1,567,777

(84,782)

—

—

—

—

988,332

452,326

1,412

1,856,225

126,286

1,111,271

(84,782)

3,009,847

Revenues:

Storage rental

Service

Intercompany revenues

Total Revenues

Operating Expenses:

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

Intercompany cost of sales

Selling, general and administrative

Depreciation and amortization

Loss (Gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and
equipment (excluding real estate), net

Total Operating Expenses

Operating (Loss) Income

Interest Expense (Income), Net

Other Expense (Income), Net

(847)

312,124

110,659

71,335

(7,741)

(13,247)

(Loss) Income from Continuing Operations Before Provision
(Benefit) for Income Taxes and Gain on Sale of Real Estate

(182,841)

333,112

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

Gain on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax

—

—

Equity in the (Earnings) Losses of Subsidiaries, Net of Tax

(287,665)

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

Net Income (Loss)

104,824

—

104,824

30,860

(2,121)

(22,662)

327,035

1,642

328,677

63,196

40,546

10,341

12,309

7,354

(59)

(5,040)

10,054

1,818

11,872

127,133

167,198

(24,129)

(15,936)

6,730

—

(6,832)

(15,834)

(107)

—

—

—

—

—

—

322,199

(322,199)

—

(15,941)

(322,199)

Less: Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling
Interests

—

—

—

2,409

—

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated $ 104,824

Net Income (Loss)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments

Market Value Adjustments for Securities

Equity in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income of
Subsidiaries

Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to
Noncontrolling Interests

$ 104,824

1,107

—

(38,763)

(37,656)

67,168

$

$

328,677

328,677

$

$

11,872

11,872

$

$

(18,350) $

(322,199) $

(15,941) $

(322,199) $

—

(734)

(6,123)

(30,625)

—

—

—

—

(3,164)

(3,898)

324,779

(679)

(6,802)

5,070

(6,123)

(36,748)

(52,689)

48,729

48,729

(273,470)

501,606

310,662

44,300

146,644

44,944

(2,180)

—

103,880

3,353

107,233

2,409

104,824

107,233

(35,641)

(734)

—

(36,375)

70,858

—

—

—

3,690

—

3,690

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Iron Mountain
Incorporated

$ 67,168

$

324,779

$

5,070

$

(56,379) $

(273,470) $

67,168

126

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

5. Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors, Canada Company and Non-Guarantors 
(Continued)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

Cash Flows from Operating Activities-Continuing
Operations

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

Capital expenditures

Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired

Intercompany loans to subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiaries

Acquisitions of customer relationships and customer
inducements

Proceeds from sales of property and equipment and other,
net (including real estate)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities-Continuing
Operations

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

Year Ended December 31, 2014

Parent

Guarantors

Canada
Company

Non-
Guarantors

Eliminations

Consolidated

$ (192,058) $

452,577

$

55,538

$

156,891

$

— $

472,948

—

—

1,307,133

(48,203)

(217,924)

(3,371)

112,845

(48,203)

(6,877)

(29,016)

(137,123)

(95,706)

—

—

(361,924)

(128,093)

—

—

—

—

(1,419,978)

96,406

—

—

(26,788)

(2,140)

(5,519)

2,641

1,871

39,974

—

—

1,258,930

(180,800)

(36,162)

(198,374)

(1,323,572)

(479,978)

Repayment of revolving credit and term loan facilities and
other debt

Proceeds from revolving credit and term loan facilities
and other debt

—

—

Early retirement of senior subordinated notes

(566,352)

Net proceeds from sales of senior notes

Debt financing from (repayment to) and equity
contribution from (distribution to) noncontrolling
interests, net

Intercompany loans from parent

Equity contribution from parent

Parent cash dividends

Net proceeds (payments) associated with employee stock-
based awards
Excess tax deficiency from stock-based compensation

Payment of debt financing and stock issuance costs

Cash Flows from Financing Activities-Continuing
Operations

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

Increase (Decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

$

—

—

—

—

(542,298)

44,290

(60)

(1,296)

(7,949,523)

(667,505)

(207,683)

8,327,608

645,848

311,731

—

—

5,716

(708,935)

48,203

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

642,417

(20,486)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5,866

(716,909)

1,419,978

48,203

(96,406)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(499)

(12)

(2,039)

(1,065,716)

(277,430)

(15,803)

55,234

(7,732)

6,019

107,823

1,323,572

—

—

—

$

113,842

$

— $

—

1,156

1,243

2,399

—

(5,653)

10,366

$

4,713

$

312

3,885

1,094

4,979

127

—

—

(34,447)

44,486

(8,824,711)

9,285,187

(566,352)

642,417

(14,770)

—

—

(542,298)

44,290

(60)

(3,846)

19,857

(7,420)

5,407

120,526

125,933

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

5. Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors, Canada Company and Non-Guarantors 
(Continued)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

Year Ended December 31, 2015

Parent

Guarantors

Canada
Company

Non-
Guarantors

Eliminations

Consolidated

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

$

(161,287) $

568,491

$

39,181

$

95,375

$

— $

541,760

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

Capital expenditures

Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired

Intercompany loans to subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiaries

Decrease in restricted stock

Acquisitions of customer relationships and customer
inducements

Proceeds from sales of property and equipment and
other, net (including real estate)

—

—

334,019

(25,276)

33,860

—

—

(189,693)

(15,128)

(78,004)

320,932

(25,276)

—

(5,260)

—

—

—

(85,428)

(30,294)

—

—

—

(44,578)

(576)

(9,957)

586

49

1,637

—

—

(654,951)

50,552

—

—

—

(290,249)

(113,558)

—

—

33,860

(55,111)

2,272

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

342,603

(16,033)

(20,915)

(124,042)

(604,399)

(422,786)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

Repayment of revolving credit and term loan facilities
and other debt

Proceeds from revolving credit and term loan facilities
and other debt

Early retirement of senior subordinated notes

Net proceeds from sales of senior notes

Debt financing from (repayment to) and equity
contribution from (distribution to) noncontrolling
interests, net

Intercompany loans from parent

Equity contribution from parent

Parent cash dividends

Net proceeds (payments) associated with employee
stock-based awards

Excess tax benefit from employee stock-based awards

(814,728)

985,000

—

—

—

(406,508)

7,149

327

—

(8,456,352)

(754,703)

(1,585,818)

47,198

8,220,200

835,101

1,823,210

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5,574

(327,888)

(94,038)

(233,025)

25,276

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

25,276

—

—

—

(1,555)

33,662

(11,592)

(6,597)

113,842

—

—

—

—

—

654,951

(50,552)

—

—

—

—

604,399

—

—

—

(10,796,873)

10,925,709

(814,728)

985,000

5,574

—

—

(406,508)

7,149

327

(14,161)

(108,511)

(8,015)

2,448

125,933

128,381

Payment of debt financing and stock issuance costs

(2,002)

(10,604)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

(183,564)

(549,368)

(13,640)

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

—

(2,248)

2,399

—

3,090

4,713

3,577

8,203

4,979

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

$

151

$

7,803

$

13,182

$

107,245

$

— $

128

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

5. Selected Consolidated Financial Statements of Parent, Guarantors, Canada Company and Non-Guarantors 
(Continued)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

Cash Flows from Operating Activities-Continuing
Operations

Cash Flows from Operating Activities-Discontinued
Operations

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

Capital expenditures

Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired

Intercompany loans to subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiaries

Acquisitions of customer relationships and customer
inducements

Net proceeds from Iron Mountain Divestments (see Note
6)

Proceeds from sales of property and equipment and other,
net (including real estate)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities-Continuing
Operations

Cash Flows from Investing Activities-Discontinued
Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2016

Parent

Guarantors

Canada
Company

Non-
Guarantors

Eliminations

Consolidated

$ (168,389) $

633,808

$

41,885

$

33,912

$

— $

541,216

—

1,076

(168,389)

634,884

1,710

43,595

(107)

33,805

—

—

(192,736)

(10,284)

4,007

(2,405)

(125,583)

(293,567)

—

—

—

—

175,092

(166,400)

(20,185)

(1,585)

(1,585)

—

—

—

11,493

3,170

—

—

—

(40,217)

(366)

(10,183)

—

4,032

26,622

5,235

30

2,712

—

—

—

2,679

543,895

(328,603)

(291,965)

—

—

(50,766)

30,654

7,977

173,507

(391,696)

(29,178)

(399,999)

14,663

(632,703)

—

14,663

96,712

(535,991)

—

—

—

—

(11,493)

(3,170)

—

—

—

(14,851,440)

14,544,388

925,443

(466)

—

—

(505,871)

31,922

(18,603)

—

78,564

16,153

1,995

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

173,507

(313,132)

(13,025)

(398,004)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

Repayment of revolving credit, term loan facilities, bridge
facilities and other debt

Proceeds from revolving credit, term loan facilities, bridge
facilities and other debt

(1,163,654)

(7,511,941)

(1,273,228)

(4,902,617)

1,150,628

7,144,874

1,130,193

5,118,693

Net proceeds from sales of senior notes

492,500

246,250

186,693

—

Debt financing from (repayment to) and equity
contribution from (distribution to) noncontrolling
interests, net
Intercompany loans from parent

Equity contribution from parent

Parent cash dividends

Net proceeds (payments) associated with employee stock-
based awards

Payment of debt financing and stock issuance costs

Cash Flows from Financing Activities-Continuing
Operations

Cash Flows from Financing Activities-Discontinued
Operations

—

—

—

(505,871)

31,922

(8,389)

—

—

(466)

(183,454)

(67,514)

262,461

1,585

—

—

—

—

—

1,585

—

—

(3,489)

(895)

(5,830)

(2,864)

(306,175)

(24,751)

473,826

(14,663)

125,373

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

(2,864)

(306,175)

(24,751)

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

Increase (Decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

—

2,254

151

—

15,577

7,803

(1,891)

3,928

13,182

—

—

—

—

473,826

(23,283)

86,344

107,245

—

(14,663)

—

—

—

—

125,373

(25,174)

108,103

128,381

236,484

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

$

2,405

$

23,380

$

17,110

$

193,589

$

— $

129

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

6. Acquisitions  

We account for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting, and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities 
acquired are recorded at their estimated fair values and the results of operations for each acquisition have been included in our 
consolidated results from their respective acquisition dates. Cash consideration for our various acquisitions in 2016 was 
primarily provided through cash flows from operating activities and borrowings, as well as cash and cash equivalents on hand.

a.  Acquisition of Recall

On May 2, 2016 (Sydney, Australia time), we completed the Recall Transaction. At the closing of the Recall Transaction, 
we paid approximately $331,800 in cash and issued 50,233,412 shares of our common stock which, based on the closing price 
of our common stock as of April 29, 2016 (the last day of trading on the NYSE prior to the closing of the Recall Transaction) of 
$36.53 per share, resulted in a total purchase price to Recall shareholders of approximately $2,166,900. 

Regulatory Approvals

In connection with the acquisition of Recall, we sought regulatory approval of the Recall Transaction from the United 

States Department of Justice (the “DOJ”), the Australian Competition, Consumer Commission (the “ACCC”), the Canada 
Competition Bureau (the “CCB”) and the United Kingdom Competition and Markets Authority (the “CMA”).

As part of the regulatory approval process, we agreed to make certain divestments, which are described below in greater 
detail, in order to address competition concerns raised by the DOJ, the ACCC, the CCB and the CMA in respect of the Recall 
Transaction (the “Divestments”). 

See Note 14 for additional information regarding the presentation of the Divestments in our Consolidated Statements of 

Operations and our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, 
respectively. 

Divestments  

i.   United States

The DOJ’s approval of the Recall Transaction was subject to the following divestments being made by us following the 

closing of the Recall Transaction:

•  Recall’s records and information management facilities, including all associated tangible and intangible assets, in 
the following 13 United States cities: Buffalo, New York; Charlotte, North Carolina; Detroit, Michigan; Durham, 
North Carolina; Greenville/Spartanburg, South Carolina; Kansas City, Kansas/Missouri; Nashville, Tennessee; 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Raleigh, North Carolina; Richmond, Virginia; San Antonio, Texas; Tulsa, Oklahoma; and 
San Diego, California (the “Initial United States Divestments”); and

•  Recall’s records and information management facility in Seattle, Washington and certain of Recall’s records and 
information management facilities in Atlanta, Georgia, including in each case associated tangible and intangible 
assets (the “Seattle/Atlanta Divestments”). 

130

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

6. Acquisitions (Continued)

On May 4, 2016, we completed the sale of the Initial United States Divestments to Access CIG, LLC, a privately held 

provider of information management services throughout the United States (“Access CIG”), for total consideration of 
approximately $80,000, subject to adjustments (the “Access Sale”). Of the total consideration, we received $55,000 in cash 
proceeds upon closing of the Access Sale, and we are entitled to receive up to $25,000 of additional cash proceeds on the 27-
month anniversary of the closing of the Access Sale (the "Access Contingent Consideration"). Our estimate of the fair value of 
the Access Contingent Consideration is approximately $21,400 (which reflects a fair value adjustment of approximately $2,200 
and a present value adjustment of approximately $1,400). We have a non-trade receivable amounting to $21,800 included in 
Other, a component of Other Assets, Net in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016 related to the Access 
Contingent Consideration.

The assets subject to the Access Sale were acquired in the Recall Transaction and, therefore, the estimated fair value of the 
Initial United States Divestments (including the estimated fair value of the Access Contingent Consideration) has been reflected 
in the allocation of the purchase price for Recall as a component of “Fair Value of Recall Divestments”. Our policy related to 
the recognition of contingent consideration (from a seller’s perspective) is to recognize contingent consideration at its estimated 
fair value upon closing of the transaction. Our policy related to the subsequent measurement of contingent consideration (from 
a seller’s perspective) is (i) to recognize contingent consideration in excess of our original estimate of fair value upon cash 
receipt of such consideration and (ii) to recognize any impairment of the contingent consideration compared to our original 
estimate in the period in which we determine such an impairment exists.  

On December 29, 2016, we completed the sale of the Seattle/Atlanta Divestments and the Canadian Divestments (as 
defined below) to ARKIVE, Inc., an information management company (“ARKIVE”), for total consideration of approximately 
$50,000, subject to adjustments (the “ARKIVE Sale”). Of the total consideration, we received approximately $45,000 in cash 
proceeds upon the closing of the ARKIVE Sale and the remaining consideration is held in escrow. ARKIVE may be entitled to 
receive from us, on the 24-month anniversary of the closing of the ARKIVE Sale, cash payments, up to the total consideration 
paid by ARKIVE, based on lost revenues attributable to the acquired customer base. The assets included in the Seattle/Atlanta 
Divestments and the Recall Canadian Divestments were acquired in the Recall Transaction and, therefore, the estimated fair 
value of the Seattle/Atlanta Divestments and the Recall Canadian Divestments (as determined based upon the total 
consideration for the ARKIVE Sale) has been reflected in the allocation of the purchase price for Recall as a component of 
"Fair Value of Recall Divestments".

ii.  Australia

The ACCC approved the Recall Transaction after accepting an undertaking from us pursuant to section 87B of the 
Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (the “ACCC Undertaking”). Pursuant to the ACCC Undertaking, we 
agreed to divest the majority of our Australian operations as they existed prior to the closing of the Recall Transaction by way 
of a share sale, which effectively involved the sale of our Australian business (as it existed prior to the closing of the Recall 
Transaction) other than our data management business throughout Australia and our records and information management 
business in the Northern Territory of Australia, except in relation to customers who have holdings in other Australian states or 
territories (the “Australia Divestment Business” and, with respect to the portion of our Australia business that was not subject to 
divestment, the “Australia Retained Business”).  

131

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

6. Acquisitions (Continued)

On October 31, 2016, after receiving approval of the proposed transaction from the ACCC, we completed the sale of the 

Australia Divestment Business (the “Australia Sale”) to a consortium led by Housatonic Partners (the “Australia Divestment 
Business Purchasers”) for total consideration of approximately 70,000 Australian dollars (or approximately $53,200, based 
upon the exchange rate between the United States dollar and the Australian dollar as of October 31, 2016), subject to 
adjustments. The total consideration consists of (i) 35,000 Australian dollars in cash received upon the closing of the Australia 
Sale and (ii) 35,000 Australian dollars in the form of a note due from the Australia Divestment Business Purchasers to us (the 
“Bridging Loan Note”). The Bridging Loan Note bears interest at 3.3% per annum and matures on December 29, 2017, at 
which point all outstanding obligations become due. The total consideration for the Australia Sale is subject to certain 
adjustments associated with customer attrition subsequent to the closing of the Australia Sale. We recorded a charge of $15,417 
to other expense, net associated with the loss on disposal of the Australia Divestment Business during the year ended December 
31, 2016, representing the excess of the carrying value of the Australia Divestment Business compared to its fair value (less 
costs to sell). Approximately $7,099 of cumulative translation adjustment associated with the Australian Divestment Business 
was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive items, net and reduced the loss recorded on the sale of the Australia 
Divestment Business by the same amount. 

iii.  Canada

The CCB approved the Recall Transaction on the basis of us divesting the following assets:

•  Recall’s record and information management facilities, including associated tangible and intangible assets and 
employees, in Edmonton, Alberta and Montreal (Laval), Quebec and certain of Recall’s record and information 
management facilities, including all associated tangible and intangible assets and employees, in Calgary, Alberta 
and Toronto, Ontario, (the “Recall Canadian Divestments”); and

•  One of our records and information management facilities in Vancouver (Burnaby), British Columbia and one of 

our records and information management facilities in Ottawa, Ontario, including associated tangible and intangible 
assets and employees (the “Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments” and together with the Recall Canadian 
Divestments, the "Canadian Divestments").

On December 29, 2016, we completed the sale of the Canadian Divestments (along with the Seattle/Atlanta Divestments) 

in the ARKIVE Sale, as discussed above. We recorded a charge of $1,421 to other expense, net associated with the loss on 
disposal of the Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments during the year ended December 31, 2016, representing the excess of the 
carrying value of the Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments compared to its fair value (as determined based upon the total 
consideration received in the ARKIVE Sale), less costs to sell.  

iv.  United Kingdom

On June 16, 2016, the CMA published its findings, pursuant to which we agreed to divest Recall’s record and information 
management facilities, including associated tangible and intangible assets and employees, in the Aberdeen and Dundee areas of 
Scotland (the “UK Divestments”). 

On December 9, 2016, we completed the sale of the UK Divestments (the "UK Sale") to the Oasis Group for total 
consideration of approximately 1,800 British pounds sterling (or approximately $2,200, based upon the exchange rate between 
the United States dollar and the British pound sterling as of December 9, 2016), subject to adjustments. The assets included in 
the UK Sale were acquired in the Recall Transaction and, therefore, the estimated fair value of the UK Divestments (as 
determined based upon the total consideration received in the UK Sale) has been reflected in the allocation of the purchase 
price for Recall as a component of “Fair Value of Recall Divestments”.

 _______________________________________________________________________________

132

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

6. Acquisitions (Continued)

The unaudited consolidated pro forma financial information (the "Pro Forma Financial Information") below summarizes 

the combined results of us and Recall on a pro forma basis as if the Recall Transaction had occurred on January 1, 2015. The 
Pro Forma Financial Information is presented for informational purposes and is not necessarily indicative of the results of 
operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2015. The Pro Forma Financial 
Information, for all periods presented, includes adjustments to convert Recall's historical results from International Financial 
Reporting Standards to GAAP, our current estimates of purchase accounting adjustments (including amortization of acquired 
intangible assets, depreciation of acquired property, plant and equipment and amortization of favorable and unfavorable leases), 
stock-based compensation and related tax effects. Through December 31, 2016, we and Recall have collectively incurred 
$140,661 of operating expenditures to complete the Recall Transaction (including advisory and professional fees and costs to 
complete the Divestments and to provide transitional services required to support the divested businesses during a transition 
period). These operating expenditures have been reflected within the results of operations in the Pro Forma Financial 
Information as if they were incurred on January 1, 2015. The costs we have incurred to integrate Recall with our existing 
operations, including moving, severance, facility upgrade, REIT conversion and system upgrade costs are reflected in the Pro 
Forma Financial Information in the period in which they were incurred.

The Pro Forma Financial Information, for all periods presented, excludes from income (loss) from continuing operations 

the results of operations of the Initial United States Divestments, the Seattle/Atlanta Divestments, the Recall Canadian 
Divestments and the UK Divestments, as these businesses are presented as discontinued operations. See Note 14 for 
information regarding our conclusion with respect to the presentation of these divestments as discontinued operations. The 
results of the Australia Divestment Business and the Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments are included within the results from 
continuing operations in the Pro Forma Financial Information through the closing date of the Australia Sale, in the case of the 
Australia Divestment Business, and through the closing date of the ARKIVE Sale, in the case of the Iron Mountain Canadian 
Divestments, as these businesses do not qualify for discontinued operations. See Note 14 for information regarding our 
conclusion that these divestments do not meet the criteria to be reported as discontinued operations. The Australia Divestment 
Business and the Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments, collectively, represent $67,696 of total revenues and $7,336 of total 
income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2015, respectively, and $46,655 of total revenues and 
$2,603 of total income from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2016, respectively. 

(Unaudited)
Year Ended December 31,

Total Revenues

2015
$ 3,752,697

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
Per Share Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations - Basic

Per Share Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations - Diluted

$
$

$

12,416
0.05

0.05

$

0.56

2016
$3,762,226

$ 148,422
0.57
$

The amount of revenue and earnings in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 
related to Recall is impracticable for us to determine. Subsequent to the closing of the Recall Transaction, we began integrating 
Recall and our existing operations in order to achieve operational synergies. As a result, the revenue generated by Recall, as 
well as the underlying costs of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses to support Recall's business, are now 
integrated with the revenue we generate, as well as the costs of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses that 
supported our business, prior to the acquisition of Recall.

In addition to our acquisition of Recall, we completed certain other acquisitions during 2014, 2015 and 2016. The Pro 
Forma Financial Information does not reflect these acquisitions due to the insignificant impact of these acquisitions on our 
consolidated results of operations.  

133

 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

6. Acquisitions (Continued)

b.  Other Noteworthy Acquisitions

Acquisitions Completed During the Year Ended December 31, 2014

In January 2014, in order to enhance our existing operations in Australia, we acquired the stock of Tape Management 

Services Pty Ltd, a storage and data management company with operations in Australia, for approximately $15,300.

In February 2014, in order to enhance our existing operations in Turkey, we acquired the stock of RM 

Yönetim 

Hizmetleri Ticaret Anonim 
approximately $21,200, of which $16,750 was paid in the first quarter of 2014, with the remainder paid in the first quarter of 
2015.

a storage rental and records management business with operations in Turkey, for 

In April 2014, in order to enhance our existing operations in Poland, we acquired the stock of OSG Polska sp. z.o.o., a 

storage rental and records management business with operations in Poland, for approximately $13,700.

In October 2014, in order to enhance our existing operations in Brazil, we acquired the stock of Keepers Brasil Ltda, a 

storage rental and data management business with operations in Sao Paulo, Brazil, for approximately $46,200. 

In December 2014, in order to enhance our North American records management operations, we acquired the stock of 

Canadian-based Securit Records Management for approximately $29,500. 

Acquisitions Completed During the Year Ended December 31, 2015

In December 2015, in order to expand our offerings in our Adjacent Businesses operating segment, we acquired Crozier, a 

storage, logistics and transportation business for high value paintings, photographs and other types of art belonging to 
individual collectors, galleries and art museums for approximately $74,200.  

In December 2015, in order to enhance our existing operations in India, we acquired the stock of Navbharat Archive 
XPress Private Limited ("NAX"), a storage and records management company with operations in India, for approximately 
$16,100. Of the total consideration, approximately $8,900 was funded by us, while the remaining $7,200 was contributed by the 
noncontrolling interest shareholder of our business in India. The amount contributed by our noncontrolling interest shareholder 
is presented as source of cash within debt financing and equity contribution from noncontrolling interests in our Consolidated 
Statement of Cash Flows. 

In addition to the acquisitions of Crozier and NAX noted above, during 2015, in order to enhance our existing operations 

in Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, Hungary, India, Serbia, the United Kingdom and the United States, we completed 12 
acquisitions for total consideration of approximately $27,600. These acquisitions included nine storage and records 
management companies, two storage and data management companies and one personal storage company. The individual 
purchase prices of these acquisitions ranged from approximately $1,000 to $5,400.  

Acquisitions Completed During the Year Ended December 31, 2016

In March 2016, we acquired a controlling interest in Docufile Holdings Proprietary Limited ("Docufile"), a storage and 

records management company with operations in South Africa, for approximately $15,000. The acquisition of Docufile 
represents our entrance into Africa.

In March 2016, in order to expand our presence in the Baltic region, we acquired the stock of Archyvu Sistemos, a 

storage and records management company with operations in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, for approximately $5,100.

134

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

6. Acquisitions (Continued)

In August 2016, we reached an agreement in principle under a non-binding memorandum of understanding to acquire the 

information management operations of Santa Fe in ten regions within Europe and Asia (the “Santa Fe Transaction”). In 
November 2016, we entered into a binding agreement for the Santa Fe Transaction. In December 2016, in order to expand our 
presence in southeast Asia and western Europe, we acquired the information management assets and operations of Santa Fe in 
Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain and Taiwan (the “2016 Santa Fe Transaction”) for approximately 15,200 Euros 
(approximately $16,000, based upon the exchange rate between the United States dollar and the Euro as of December 30, 2016, 
the closing date of the 2016 Santa Fe Transaction). Of the total purchase price, 13,500 Euros (or approximately $14,200, based 
upon the exchange rate between the United States dollar and the Euro on the closing date of the 2016 Santa Fe Transaction) was 
paid during the year ended December 31, 2016, and the remaining balance is due on the 18-month anniversary of the closing of 
the 2016 Santa Fe Transaction.

_______________________________________________________________________________

135

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

6. Acquisitions (Continued)

A summary of the cumulative consideration paid and the allocation of the purchase price paid of all of the acquisitions in 

each respective year is as follows:

Cash Paid (gross of cash acquired)(1)

Fair Value of Common Stock Issued

Fair Value of Noncontrolling Interests

Fair Value of Previously Held Equity Interest

2014
$ 134,301

2015
$ 111,907

Recall
331,834

$

2016

Other Fiscal
Year 2016
Acquisitions

$

37,350

$

Total
369,184

—

—

794

—  

—  

—

1,835,026

— 1,835,026

—

—

3,506

—

3,506

—

Total Consideration

135,095

111,907  

2,166,860

40,856

2,207,716

Fair Value of Identifiable Assets Acquired:

Cash

Accounts Receivable and Prepaid Expenses

Fair Value of Recall Divestments(2)

Other Assets

Property, Plant and Equipment(3)

Customer Relationship Intangible Assets(4)

Debt Assumed

Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other
Liabilities

Deferred Income Taxes

Total Fair Value of Identifiable Net Assets
Acquired

4,704

10,394

—

3,342

23,269

60,172

—

2,041  

10,629

—  

7,032

43,505  

34,988  

—  

76,461

176,775

121,689

57,563

622,063

709,139
(792,385)

576

2,703

—

541

10,963

20,842

—

77,037

179,478

121,689

58,104

633,026

729,981
(792,385)

(49,663)

(1,240)

(20,729)
(6,078)

(276,814)
(164,074)

(11,504)
(2,985)

(288,318)
(167,059)

50,978

71,388  

530,417

21,136

551,553

Goodwill Initially Recorded(5)

$ 84,117

$ 40,519   $ 1,636,443

$

19,720

$ 1,656,163

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Included in cash paid for acquisitions in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 
2014 is net cash acquired of $(4,704) and contingent and other payments of $(1,504) related to acquisitions made in 
years prior to 2014. Included in cash paid for acquisitions in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year 
ended December 31, 2015 is net cash acquired of $(2,041) and contingent and other payments of $3,692 related to 
acquisitions made in years prior to 2015. Included in cash paid for acquisitions in the Consolidated Statement of Cash 
Flows for the year ended December 31, 2016 is net cash acquired of $77,037 and cash received of $182 related to 
acquisitions made in years prior to 2016.

(2)  Represents the fair value, less costs to sell, of the Initial United States Divestments, the Seattle/Atlanta Divestments, 

the Recall Canadian Divestments and the UK Divestments.

(3)  Consists primarily of buildings, racking structures, leasehold improvements and computer hardware and software.

(4)  The weighted average lives of customer relationship intangible assets associated with acquisitions in 2014, 2015 and 

2016 was 17 years, 16 years and 13 years, respectively.

(5)  The goodwill associated with acquisitions, including Recall, is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce, 
expanded market opportunities and costs and other operating synergies anticipated upon the integration of the 
operations of us and the acquired businesses.

136

 
 
   
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

6. Acquisitions (Continued)

Allocations of the purchase price for acquisitions made in 2016 were based on estimates of the fair value of the net assets 

acquired and are subject to adjustment upon the finalization of the purchase price allocations. The accounting for business 
combinations requires estimates and judgments regarding expectations for future cash flows of the acquired business, and the 
allocations of those cash flows to identifiable tangible and intangible assets, in determining the assets acquired and liabilities 
assumed. The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including contingent 
consideration, are based on management's best estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by 
management, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques. The estimates and assumptions 
underlying the initial valuations are subject to the collection of information necessary to complete the valuations within the 
measurement periods, which are up to one year from the respective acquisition dates. Assets and liabilities that were acquired 
and classified as held for sale immediately following the Recall Transaction were valued based on the estimated fair value of 
the divestment, less costs to sell. The preliminary purchase price allocations that are not finalized as of December 31, 2016 
primarily relate to the final assessment of the fair values of intangible assets (primarily customer relationship intangible assets), 
property, plant and equipment (primarily building and racking structures), operating leases, contingencies and income taxes 
(primarily deferred income taxes), primarily associated with the Recall Transaction and the 2016 Santa Fe Transaction. We are 
not aware of any information that would indicate that the final purchase price allocations for the 2016 acquisitions will differ 
meaningfully from preliminary estimates. 

As the valuation of certain assets and liabilities for purposes of purchase price allocations are preliminary in nature, they 

are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances regarding these assets and 
liabilities that existed at the acquisition date. Any adjustments to our estimates of purchase price allocation will be made in the 
periods in which the adjustments are determined and the cumulative effect of such adjustments will be calculated as if the 
adjustments had been completed as of the acquisition dates. Adjustments recorded during the fourth quarter of 2016 were not 
material to our results from operations.

_______________________________________________________________________________

In September 2014, we purchased our joint venture partners' noncontrolling interests in the businesses we operate in 

Russia, Ukraine and Denmark, which we had previously consolidated. The purchase price of approximately $24,500 is 
comprised of $17,900 paid at closing, $2,100 payable in 2017 and $4,500 payable in 2020. The components of the purchase 
price payable in 2017 and 2020 are reflected as non-cash items within our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year 
ended December 31, 2014. Of the $17,900 paid at closing, approximately $11,950 was associated with the underlying shares 
owned by our joint venture partners and approximately $5,950 was associated with the payment of outstanding loans between 
the joint venture and the joint venture partners.

137

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

7. Income Taxes 

We have been organized and operating as a REIT effective since our taxable year that began on January 1, 2014. As a 
REIT, we are generally permitted to deduct from our federal taxable income the dividends we pay to our stockholders. The 
income represented by such dividends is not subject to federal taxation at the entity level but is taxed, if at all, at the stockholder 
level. The income of our domestic TRSs, which hold our domestic operations that may not be REIT-compliant as currently 
operated and structured, is subject, as applicable, to federal and state corporate income tax. In addition, we and our subsidiaries 
continue to be subject to foreign income taxes in jurisdictions in which we have business operations or a taxable presence, 
regardless of whether assets are held or operations are conducted through subsidiaries disregarded for federal tax purposes or 
TRSs. We will also be subject to a separate corporate income tax on any gains recognized during a five-year period following 
the REIT conversion that are attributable to "built-in" gains with respect to the assets that we owned on January 1, 2014. This 
built-in gains tax has been imposed on our depreciation recapture recognized into income as a result of accounting method 
changes commenced in our pre-REIT period and in connection with the Recall Transaction. If we fail to remain qualified for 
taxation as a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate tax rates. Even if we remain qualified for 
taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to some federal, state, local and foreign taxes on our income and property in addition to 
taxes owed with respect to our TRS operations. In particular, while state income tax regimes often parallel the federal income 
tax regime for REITs, many states do not completely follow federal rules and some do not follow them at all.

The significant components of our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below:

Deferred Tax Assets:

Accrued liabilities

Deferred rent

Net operating loss carryforwards

Federal benefit of unrecognized tax benefits

Foreign deferred tax assets and other adjustments

Valuation allowance

Deferred Tax Liabilities:

Other assets, principally due to differences in amortization

Plant and equipment, principally due to differences in depreciation

Net deferred tax liability

December 31,

2015

2016

$

22,107

$

4,426

69,290

12,327

8,698
(60,009)
56,839

30,901

2,930

98,879

12,036

20,131
(71,359)
93,518

(66,254)
(23,408)
(89,662)
(32,823) $

(179,977)
(52,572)
(232,549)
(139,031)

$

138

 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

7. Income Taxes (Continued)

The current and noncurrent deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below. As noted in Note 2.w., the December 

31, 2016 amounts presented in the table below reflect the adoption of ASU 2015-17.

Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities

Current deferred tax assets, net

Noncurrent deferred tax assets (Included in Other, a component of Other
Assets, Net)

Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities

Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities, net

December 31,

2015

2016

26,668
(4,489)
22,179

$

$

—

—

—

— $

12,264

$

30,171
(85,173)
(55,002) $

—
(151,295)
(151,295)

$

$

$

$

$

We have federal net operating loss carryforwards, which expire from 2023 through 2033, of $67,113 at December 31, 
2016 to reduce future federal taxable income, of which $1,233 of federal tax benefit is expected to be realized. We can carry 
forward these net operating losses to the extent we do not utilize them in any given available year. We have state net operating 
loss carryforwards, which expire from 2017 through 2035, of which an insignificant state tax benefit is expected to be realized.  
We have assets for foreign net operating losses of $97,534, with various expiration dates (and in some cases no expiration date), 
subject to a valuation allowance of approximately 73%.

Rollforward of the valuation allowance is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,
2014
2015
2016

Balance at
Beginning of
the Year

Charged
(Credited) to
Expense

$

$

40,278
40,182
60,009

9,404
33,509
7,660

Other
Increases/
(Decreases)(1)
$

(9,500) $
(13,682)
3,690

Balance at
End of
the Year

40,182
60,009
71,359

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Other increases and decreases in valuation allowances are primarily related to changes in foreign currency exchange 

rates. 

We receive a tax deduction upon the exercise of non-qualified stock options or upon the disqualifying disposition by 
employees of incentive stock options and certain shares acquired under our ESPP for the difference between the exercise price 
and the market price of the underlying common stock on the date of exercise or disqualifying disposition. The tax benefit for 
non-qualified stock options associated with our TRSs is recorded in the consolidated financial statements in the period in which 
compensation expense is recorded, while the tax benefit for incentive stock options associated with our TRSs is recorded in the 
consolidated financial statements in the period the disqualifying disposition occurs. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 
2015, the incremental tax benefits (deficiencies) in excess of compensation expense recorded in the consolidated financial 
statements were (charged) credited directly to equity and amounted to $(60) and $327, respectively. As discussed in Note 2.n., 
during the fourth quarter of 2016, we adopted ASU 2016-09 effective as of January 1, 2016. As a result of the adoption of ASU 
2016-09, $265 of excess tax benefits are included as a component of (benefit) provision for income taxes in our Consolidated 
Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2016.

139

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

7. Income Taxes (Continued)

The components of income (loss) from continuing operations before (benefit) provision for income taxes and gain on sale 

of real estate are:

United States

Canada

Other Foreign

Year Ended December 31,

2014
$ 202,067

2015
$ 179,928

2016
$ 106,223

46,191
(24,885)
$ 223,373

37,131
(54,993)
$ 162,066

28,157

12,264

$ 146,644

The (benefit) provision for income taxes consists of the following components:

Federal—current

Federal—deferred

State—current

State—deferred

Foreign—current

Foreign—deferred

Year Ended December 31,

$

2014
$ 118,314
(214,132)
28,034
(47,814)
27,167
(8,844)
$ (97,275) $

$

2015
13,083
(9,579)
522

158

31,581

1,948

37,713

$

2016
52,944
(28,127)
6,096
(1,479)
36,272
(20,762)
44,944

A reconciliation of total income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the federal income tax rate of 35.0% 
to income from continuing operations before (benefit) provision for income taxes and gain on sale of real estate for the years 
ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively, is as follows:

Computed "expected" tax provision
Changes in income taxes resulting from:

Tax adjustment relating to REIT

Deferred tax adjustment and other taxes due to REIT conversion

State taxes (net of federal tax benefit)

Increase in valuation allowance (net operating losses)

Foreign repatriation

Impairment of assets and other transaction costs

Reserve accrual (reversal) and audit settlements (net of federal tax benefit)

Foreign tax rate differential

Disallowed foreign interest, Subpart F income, and other foreign taxes

Other, net

(Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes

Year Ended December 31,

2014
78,181

$

2015
56,723

2016
51,325

$

$

(63,333)
(182,853)
2,207

9,404

46,356

2,869

3,175
(9,496)
12,502

3,713
$ (97,275) $

(51,625)
(9,067)
2,017

33,509

4,030

—
(2,874)
(8,915)
18,022
(4,107)
37,713

(18,526)
247

3,796

7,660

510

—

1,898
(13,328)
7,773

3,589

$

44,944

140

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

7. Income Taxes (Continued)

Our effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 were (43.5)%, 23.3% and 30.6%, 
respectively. Our effective tax rate is subject to variability in the future due to, among other items: (1) changes in the mix of 
income between our qualified REIT subsidiaries and our TRSs, as well as among the jurisdictions in which we operate; (2) tax 
law changes; (3) volatility in foreign exchange gains and losses; (4) the timing of the establishment and reversal of tax reserves; 
and (5) our ability to utilize net operating losses that we generate.

As a result of our REIT conversion, we recorded a net tax benefit of $212,151 during the year ended December 31, 2014 

for the revaluation of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities associated with the REIT conversion. In 2014, we recorded an 
increase to the tax provision of $29,298 associated with tax accounting method changes consistent with our REIT conversion, 
primarily affected through the filing of amended tax returns. The other primary reconciling items between the federal statutory 
rate of 35.0% and our overall effective tax rate during the year ended December 31, 2014 was an increase of $46,356 in our tax 
provision associated with the 2014 Indefinite Reinvestment Assessment and other net tax adjustments related to the REIT 
conversion, including a tax benefit of $63,333 primarily related to the dividends paid deduction. 

The primary reconciling items between the federal statutory tax rate of 35.0% and our overall effective tax rate for the 

year ended December 31, 2015 were the benefit derived from the dividends paid deduction of $51,625 and an out-of-period tax 
adjustment ($9,067 tax benefit) recorded during the third quarter to correct the valuation of certain deferred tax assets 
associated with the REIT conversion that occurred in 2014, partially offset by valuation allowances on certain of our foreign net 
operating losses of $33,509, primarily related to our foreign subsidiaries in Argentina, Brazil, France and Russia. 

The primary reconciling items between the federal statutory tax rate of 35.0% and our overall effective tax rate for the 

year ended December 31, 2016 were the benefit derived from the dividends paid deduction of $18,526 and the impact of 
differences in the tax rates at which our foreign earnings are subject resulting in a tax benefit of $13,328, partially offset by 
valuation allowances on certain of our foreign net operating losses of $7,660. 

As a REIT, we are entitled to a deduction for dividends paid, resulting in a substantial reduction of federal income tax 
expense. As a REIT, substantially all of our income tax expense will be incurred based on the earnings generated by our foreign 
subsidiaries and our domestic TRSs.

The evaluation of an uncertain tax position is a two-step process. The first step is a recognition process whereby we 
determine whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any 
related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The second step is a measurement process 
whereby a tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is calculated to determine the amount of 
benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 
50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

We have elected to recognize interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as a component of the  
(benefit) provision for income taxes in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recorded an increase of 
$1,462, $2,173 and $1,805 for gross interest and penalties for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. 
We had $7,120 and $8,646 accrued for the payment of interest and penalties as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

A summary of tax years that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions is as follows:

Tax Years
See Below
2007 to present
2011 to present

Tax Jurisdiction
United States—Federal and State
Canada
United Kingdom

141

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

7. Income Taxes (Continued)

The normal statute of limitations for United States federal tax purposes is three years from the date the tax return is filed; 

however, the statute of limitations may remain open for periods longer than three years in instances where a federal tax 
examination is in progress. The 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 tax years remain subject to examination for United States federal 
tax purposes as well as net operating loss carryforwards utilized in these years. We utilized net operating losses from 2000, 
2001, 2008 and 2009 in our federal income tax returns for these tax years. The normal statute of limitations for state purposes is 
between three to five years. However, certain of our state statute of limitations remain open for periods longer than this when 
audits are in progress.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. We are subject to examination by 

various tax authorities in jurisdictions in which we have business operations or a taxable presence. We regularly assess the 
likelihood of additional assessments by tax authorities and provide for these matters as appropriate. As of December 31, 2015, 
we had $47,685 of reserves related to uncertain tax positions, of which $45,256 and $2,429 is included in other long-term 
liabilities and deferred income taxes, respectively, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2016, 
we had $59,466 of reserves related to uncertain tax positions, of which $56,303 and $3,163 is included in other long-term 
liabilities and deferred income taxes, respectively, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. Although we believe our 
tax estimates are appropriate, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could result in changes in our 
estimates.

A rollforward of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2013

Gross additions based on tax positions related to the current year

Gross additions for tax positions of prior years

Gross reductions for tax positions of prior years

Lapses of statutes

Settlements

Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2014

Gross additions based on tax positions related to the current year

Gross additions for tax positions of prior years

Gross reductions for tax positions of prior years

Lapses of statutes

Settlements
Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2015

Gross additions based on tax positions related to the current year

Gross additions for tax positions of prior years(1)

Gross reductions for tax positions of prior years

Lapses of statutes

Settlements

Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2016

$

$

$

$

51,146

3,984

13,717
(2,699)
(5,350)
(4,847)
55,951

3,484

979
(3,588)
(9,141)
—
47,685

3,704

12,207
(1,740)
(2,390)
—

59,466

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  This amount includes gross additions related to the Recall Transaction.  

The reversal of these reserves of $59,466 ($47,474 net of federal tax benefit) as of December 31, 2016 will be recorded as 

a reduction of our income tax provision, if sustained. We believe that it is reasonably possible that an amount up to 
approximately $18,387 ($9,085 net of federal tax benefit) of our unrecognized tax positions may be recognized by the end of 
2017 as a result of a lapse of statute of limitations or upon closing and settling significant audits in various worldwide 
jurisdictions.

142

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

8. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)

Quarter Ended
2015

Total revenues

Operating income (loss)

Income (loss) from continuing operations

Total (loss) income from discontinued operations

Net income (loss)
Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain
Incorporated
Earnings (losses) per Share-Basic:
Income (loss) per share from continuing
operations
Total (loss) income per share from discontinued
operations

Net income (loss) per share attributable to Iron
Mountain Incorporated

Earnings (losses) per Share-Diluted:
Income (loss) per share from continuing
operations
Total (loss) income per share from discontinued
operations

Net income (loss) per share attributable to Iron
Mountain Incorporated
2016

Total revenues

Operating income (loss)

Income (loss) from continuing operations

Total income (loss) from discontinued operations

Net income (loss)
Net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain
Incorporated
Earnings (losses) per Share-Basic:
Income (loss) per share from continuing
operations
Total income (loss) per share from discontinued
operations
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Iron
Mountain Incorporated
Earnings (losses) per Share-Diluted:
Income (loss) per share from continuing
operations
Total income (loss) per share from discontinued
operations
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Iron
Mountain Incorporated

March 31

June 30

September 30 December 31

$ 749,286

$ 759,734

$ 746,529

$ 752,427

144,934

41,739

—

129,502

54,007

—

126,822

23,517

—

41,739

54,007

23,517

123,269

5,940

—

5,940

41,096

53,330

23,110

5,705 (1)

0.20

—

0.20

0.20

—

0.19

0.26

—

0.25

0.25

—

0.25

0.11

—

0.11

0.11

—

0.11

0.03

—

0.03

0.03

—

0.03

$ 750,690

$ 883,748

$ 942,822

$ 934,193

130,066

63,041

—

63,041

96,626
(14,720)
1,587
(13,133)

62,774

(13,968)

0.30

—

0.30

0.30

—

0.30

(0.06)

0.01

(0.06)

(0.06)

0.01

(0.06)

135,454

139,460

5,759

2,041

7,800

7,080

0.02

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.03

49,800
(275)
49,525

48,938 (2)

0.19

—

0.19

0.19

—

0.19

_______________________________________________________________________________

143

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

8. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited) (Continued)

(1)  The change in net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to 
the third quarter of 2015 is primarily attributable to a debt extinguishment charge recorded in the fourth quarter of 
2015 of approximately $25,100, an increase in the provision for income taxes recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015 
compared to the third quarter of 2015 of approximately $6,800, as well as a decrease in operating income of 
approximately $3,600, primarily associated with a $1,800 write-off of certain property in our Western European 
Business segment. The debt extinguishment charge, the increase in the provision for income taxes and the decrease in 
operating income during the fourth quarter of 2015 was offset by a decrease in loss on foreign currency transactions 
recorded in the fourth quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter of 2015 of approximately $18,100.  

(2)  The change in net income (loss) attributable to Iron Mountain Incorporated in the fourth quarter of 2016 compared to 
the third quarter of 2016 is primarily attributable to a decrease in the provision for income taxes recorded in the fourth 
quarter of 2016 compared to the third quarter of 2016 of approximately $24,600, a charge of $14,000 recorded in the 
third quarter of 2016 associated with the anticipated loss on disposal of the Australia Divestment Business, which 
occurred on October 31, 2016 (see Note 6) and a decrease in loss on foreign currency transaction losses recorded in the 
fourth quarter of 2016 compared to the third quarter of 2016 of approximately $5,600.  

144

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

9. Segment Information

As of December 31, 2016, our five reportable operating segments are described as follows:

•  North American Records and Information Management Business—provides records and information management 

services, including the storage of physical records, including media such as microfilm and microfiche, master audio 
and videotapes, film, X-rays and blueprints, including healthcare information services, vital records services, service 
and courier operations, and the collection, handling and disposal of sensitive documents for corporate customers 
(“Records Management”); information destruction services (“Destruction”); and Information Governance and Digital 
Solutions throughout the United States and Canada; as well as fulfillment services and technology escrow services in 
the United States.  

•  North American Data Management Business—provides storage and rotation of backup computer media as part of 

corporate disaster recovery plans, including service and courier operations (“Data Protection & Recovery”); server and 
computer backup services; digital content repository systems to house, distribute, and archive key media assets; and 
storage, safeguarding and electronic or physical delivery of physical media of all types, primarily for entertainment 
and media industry clients, throughout the United States and Canada. 

•  Western European Business—provides records and information management services, including Records 

Management, Data Protection & Recovery and Information Governance and Digital Solutions throughout Austria, 
Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (consisting of our 
operations in England, Northern Ireland and Scotland), as well as Information Governance and Digital Solutions in 
Sweden (the remainder of our business in Sweden is included in the Other International Business segment described 
below).

•  Other International Business—provides records and information management services throughout the remaining 

European countries in which we operate, Latin America, Asia Pacific and Africa, including Records Management, 
Data Protection & Recovery and Information Governance and Digital Solutions. Our European operations included in 
this segment provide records and information management services, including Records Management, Data 
Protection & Recovery and Information Governance and Digital Solutions throughout the Czech Republic, Denmark, 
Finland, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey and Ukraine; Records 
Management and Information Governance and Digital Solutions in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; and Records 
Management in Sweden. Our Latin America operations provide records and information management services, 
including Records Management, Data Protection & Recovery, Destruction and Information Governance and Digital 
Solutions throughout Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Our Asia Pacific operations provide 
records and information management services, including Records Management, Data Protection & Recovery, 
Destruction and Information Governance and Digital Solutions throughout Australia and New Zealand, with Records 
Management and Data Protection & Recovery also provided in certain markets in China (including Taiwan), Hong 
Kong-SAR, India, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Our African operations provide Records Management, Data 
Protection & Recovery, and Information Governance and Digital Solutions in South Africa.

•  Corporate and Other Business—primarily consists of our data center and fine art storage businesses in the United 
States, the primary product offerings of our Adjacent Businesses operating segment, as well as costs related to 
executive and staff functions, including finance, human resources and information technology, which benefit the 
enterprise as a whole. These costs are primarily related to the general management of these functions on a corporate 
level and the design and development of programs, policies and procedures that are then implemented in the individual 
segments, with each segment bearing its own cost of implementation. Our Corporate and Other Business segment also 
includes stock-based employee compensation expense associated with all Employee Stock-Based Awards.

145

 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

9. Segment Information (Continued)

An analysis of our business segment information and reconciliation to the accompanying Consolidated Financial 

Statements is as follows:

North
American
Records and 
Information 
Management 
Business

North
American
Data
Management
Business

Western
European
Business

Other
International
Business

Corporate and
Other Business

Total
Consolidated

As of and for the Year Ended
December 31, 2014

Total Revenues

$

1,795,361

$

390,207

$

449,231

$

469,314

$

13,580

$

3,117,693

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation

Amortization

Adjusted EBITDA

Total Assets(1)

Expenditures for Segment Assets

Capital Expenditures

Cash Paid for Acquisitions, Net of
Cash Acquired

Acquisitions of Customer
Relationships and Customer
Inducements

As of and for the Year Ended
December 31, 2015

Total Revenues

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation

Amortization

Adjusted EBITDA

Total Assets(1)

Expenditures for Segment Assets

Capital Expenditures

Cash Paid for Acquisitions, Net of
Cash Acquired

Acquisitions of Customer
Relationships and Customer
Inducements

As of and for the Year Ended
December 31, 2016

Total Revenues

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation

Amortization

Adjusted EBITDA

Total Assets(1)

Expenditures for Segment Assets

Capital Expenditures

Cash Paid for Acquisitions, Net of
Cash Acquired(2)

Acquisitions of Customer
Relationships and Customer
Inducements

177,097

158,122

18,975

698,719

3,657,366

198,651

145,199

21,770

21,458

312

226,396

653,275

24,387

18,076

54,582

45,895

8,687

130,423

952,924

47,236

38,587

65,103

44,509

20,594

84,468

1,025,167

186,531

93,881

34,591

34,573

18

(214,209)

234,533

67,659

66,181

353,143

304,557

48,586

925,797

6,523,265

524,464

361,924

26,450

5,863

4,864

90,916

—

128,093

27,002

448

3,785

1,734

1,478

34,447

1,775,365

183,507

163,647

19,860

714,639

3,627,843

192,935

141,964

390,486

21,591

20,838

753

203,803

641,845

23,826

16,784

397,513

44,691

38,710

5,981

120,649

871,571

27,278

17,378

421,360

57,025

39,439

17,586

87,341

893,530

94,483

64,227

23,252

38,650

38,585

65

(206,427)

315,798

120,396

49,896

3,007,976

345,464

301,219

44,245

920,005

6,350,587

458,918

290,249

12,795

(21)

2,596

27,688

70,500

113,558

38,176

7,063

7,304

2,568

—

55,111

1,930,699

215,330

186,467

28,863

775,717

4,996,216

145,636

111,062

414,174

29,037

22,784

6,253

228,486

870,490

27,748

24,425

454,211

55,582

42,613

12,969

137,506

1,031,313

31,530

31,014

652,516

100,490

67,310

33,180

169,042

2,103,725

365,566

62,315

59,853

51,887

46,352

5,535

(223,463)

485,056

100,854

99,787

3,511,453

452,326

365,526

86,800

1,087,288

9,486,800

671,334

328,603

(2,591)

(59)

(6,878)

300,451

1,042

291,965

37,165

3,382

7,394

2,800

25

50,766

_______________________________________________________________________________

146

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

9. Segment Information (Continued)

(1)  Excludes all intercompany receivables or payables and investment in subsidiary balances.

(2)  Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired for the Other International Business segment for the year ended 

December 31, 2016 primarily consists of the cash component of the purchase price for the Recall Transaction, as the 
IMI entity that made the cash payment was an Australian subsidiary. However, the Recall Transaction also benefited 
the North American Records and Information Management Business, North American Data Management Business and 
Western European Business segments.   

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 2. Adjusted EBITDA for each 

segment is defined as income (loss) from continuing operations before interest expense, net, provision (benefit) for income 
taxes, depreciation and amortization, and also excludes certain items that we believe are not indicative of our core operating 
results, specifically: (i) loss (gain) on disposal/write-down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net; (ii) 
intangible impairments; (iii) other expense (income), net; (iv) gain on sale of real estate, net of tax; (v) Recall Costs (as defined 
below); and (vi) costs associated with our conversion to a REIT, excluding REIT compliance costs beginning January 1, 2014 
which we expect to recur in future periods ("REIT Costs"). Internally, we use Adjusted EBITDA as the basis for evaluating the 
performance of, and allocated resources to, our operating segments.

A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income (loss) from continuing operations on a consolidated basis is as follows:

Adjusted EBITDA

(Add)/Deduct:

Gain on Sale of Real Estate, Net of Tax

(Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes

Other Expense, Net

Interest Expense, Net

Loss (Gain) on Disposal/Write-down of Property, Plant and Equipment
(Excluding Real Estate), Net

Depreciation and Amortization

Recall Costs(1)

REIT Costs

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations

_______________________________________________________________________________

Year Ended December 31,

2014
$ 925,797

2015
$ 920,005

2016
$1,087,288

(8,307)
(97,275)
65,187

(850)
37,713

98,590

(2,180)
44,944

44,300

260,717

263,871

310,662

1,065

353,143

—

3,000

345,464

47,014

1,412

452,326

131,944

22,312
$ 328,955

—
$ 125,203

—
$ 103,880

(1)  Includes operating expenditures associated with our acquisition of Recall, including operating expenditures to 

complete the Recall Transaction, including advisory and professional fees and costs to complete the Divestments 
required in connection with receipt of regulatory approval and to provide transitional services required to support the 
divested businesses during a transition period ("Recall Deal Close & Divestment Costs"), as well as operating 
expenditures to integrate Recall with our existing operations, including moving, severance, facility upgrade, REIT 
conversion and system upgrade costs ("Recall Integration Costs" and, collectively with Recall Deal Close & 
Divestment Costs, "Recall Costs").

147

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

9. Segment Information (Continued)

Information as to our operations in different geographical areas is as follows:

Revenues:
United States
United Kingdom
Canada
Australia
Other International
Total Revenues
Long-lived Assets:
United States
United Kingdom
Canada
Australia
Other International

Total Long-lived Assets

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

$

$

$

1,967,169
280,020
231,979
80,521
558,004
3,117,693

3,586,577
464,311
406,571
116,589
1,031,498
5,605,546

$

$

$

$

1,973,872
250,123
215,232
64,969
503,780
3,007,976

3,710,301
434,461
345,783
102,247
899,883
5,492,675

$

$

$

$

2,173,782
237,032
230,944
148,175
721,520
3,511,453

5,238,807
400,937
463,396
542,055
1,729,498
8,374,693

Information as to our revenues by product and service lines is as follows:

Revenues:

Records Management(1)(2)

Data Management(1)(3)

Information Destruction(1)(4)

Total Revenues

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

$

2,329,546

$

2,255,206

$

2,631,895

531,516

256,631

509,261

243,509

549,335

330,223

3,117,693

$

3,007,976

$

3,511,453

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Each of the offerings within our product and service lines has a component of revenue that is storage rental related and 
a component that is service revenues, except the Destruction service offering, which does not have a storage rental 
component.

(2)  Includes Business Records Management, Compliant Records Management and Consulting Services, Information 
Governance and Digital Solutions, Fulfillment Services, Health Information Management Solutions, Energy Data 
Services and Technology Escrow Services.

(3)  Includes Data Protection & Recovery and Entertainment Services.

(4)  Includes Secure Shredding and Compliant Information Destruction.

148

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

10. Commitments and Contingencies 

a.  Leases

Most of our leased facilities are leased under various operating leases that typically have initial lease terms of five to ten 

years. A majority of these leases have renewal options with one or more five-year options to extend and may have fixed or 
Consumer Price Index escalation clauses. We also lease equipment under operating leases (primarily computers) which have an 
average lease life of three years. Vehicles and office equipment are also leased and have remaining lease lives ranging from one 
to seven years. Total rent expense under all of our operating leases was $255,193, $242,205 and $321,337 for the years ended 
December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively.

Estimated minimum future lease payments (excluding common area maintenance charges) include payments for certain 

renewal periods at our option because failure to renew results in an economic disincentive due to significant capital expenditure 
costs (e.g., racking structures), thereby making it reasonably assured that we will renew the lease. Such payments in effect at 
December 31, are as follows:

Year
2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Thereafter

Total minimum lease payments

Less amounts representing interest

Present value of capital lease obligations

Operating Lease
Payments

Sublease
Income

Capital
Leases

$

300,524

$

269,867

250,251

229,312

210,458

1,182,243

$

2,442,655

$

(6,421) $
(4,617)
(3,712)
(3,032)
(3,023)
(7,228)
(28,033)

  $

68,998

62,564

49,553

60,698

29,353

158,937

430,103
(120,243)
309,860

In addition, we have certain contractual obligations related to purchase commitments which require minimum payments 

as follows:

Year
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Thereafter

Purchase
Commitments

56,335
21,321
8,615
1,808
1,152
1,467
90,698

$

$

149

 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

10. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

b.  Self-Insured Liabilities

We are self-insured up to certain limits for costs associated with workers' compensation claims, vehicle accidents, 
property and general business liabilities, and benefits paid under employee healthcare and short-term disability programs. At 
December 31, 2015 and 2016 there were $33,508 and $37,368, respectively, of self-insurance accruals reflected in accrued 
expenses on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The measurement of these costs requires the consideration of historical cost 
experience and judgments about the present and expected levels of cost per claim. We account for these costs primarily through 
actuarial methods, which develop estimates of the undiscounted liability for claims incurred, including those claims incurred 
but not reported. These methods provide estimates of future ultimate claim costs based on claims incurred as of the balance 
sheet date.

c.  Litigation—General

We are involved in litigation from time to time in the ordinary course of business. A portion of the defense and/or 
settlement costs associated with such litigation is covered by various commercial liability insurance policies purchased by us 
and, in limited cases, indemnification from third parties. Our policy is to establish reserves for loss contingencies when the 
losses are both probable and reasonably estimable. We record legal costs associated with loss contingencies as expenses in the 
period in which they are incurred. The matters described below represent our significant loss contingencies. We have evaluated 
each matter and, if both probable and estimable, accrued an amount that represents our estimate of any probable loss associated 
with such matter. In addition, we have estimated a reasonably possible range for all loss contingencies including those 
described below. We believe it is reasonably possible that we could incur aggregate losses in addition to amounts currently 
accrued for all matters up to an additional $20,000 over the next several years, of which certain amounts would be covered by 
insurance or indemnity arrangements.

d.  Italy Fire

On November 4, 2011, we experienced a fire at a facility we leased in Aprilia, Italy. The facility primarily stored archival 
and inactive business records for local area businesses. Despite quick response by local fire authorities, damage to the building 
was extensive, and the building and its contents were a total loss. We have been sued by five customers. Four of those lawsuits 
have been settled and one, a claim asserted by Azienda per i Transporti Autoferrotranviari del Comune di Roma, S.p.A, seeking 
42,600 Euro for the loss of its current and historical archives, remains pending. We have also received correspondence from 
other affected customers, including certain customers demanding payment under various theories of liability. Although our 
warehouse legal liability insurer has reserved its rights to contest coverage related to certain types of potential claims, we 
believe we carry adequate insurance. We deny any liability with respect to the fire and we have referred these claims to our 
warehouse legal liability insurer for an appropriate response. We do not expect that this event will have a material impact on our 
consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. We sold our Italian operations on April 27, 2012, and we 
indemnified the buyers related to certain obligations and contingencies associated with this fire. As a result of the sale of the 
Italian operations, any future statement of operations and cash flow impacts related to the fire will be reflected as discontinued 
operations. 

Our policy related to business interruption insurance recoveries is to record gains within other (income) expense, net in 

our Consolidated Statements of Operations and proceeds received within cash flows from operating activities in our 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Such amounts are recorded in the period the cash is received. Our policy with respect 
to involuntary conversion of property, plant and equipment is to record any gain or loss within (gain) loss on disposal/write-
down of property, plant and equipment (excluding real estate), net within operating income in our Consolidated Statements of 
Operations and proceeds received within cash flows from investing activities within our Consolidated Statements of Cash 
Flows. Losses are recorded when incurred and gains are recorded in the period when the cash received exceeds the carrying 
value of the related property, plant and equipment.

150

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

10. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

e.  Argentina Fire

On February 5, 2014, we experienced a fire at a facility we own in Buenos Aires, Argentina. As a result of the quick 
response by local fire authorities, the fire was contained before the entire facility was destroyed and all employees were safely 
evacuated; however, a number of first responders lost their lives, or in some cases, were severely injured. The cause of the fire 
is currently being investigated. We believe we carry adequate insurance and do not expect that this event will have a material 
impact to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Revenues from our operations at this facility 
represent less than 0.5% of our consolidated revenues.

f. Brooklyn Fire (Recall)

On January 31, 2015, a former Recall leased facility located in Brooklyn, New York was completely destroyed by a 
fire. Approximately 900,000 cartons of customer records were lost impacting approximately 1,200 customers. No one was 
injured as a result of the fire. We believe we carry adequate insurance to cover any losses resulting from the fire. There are three 
pending customer-related lawsuits stemming from the fire, which are being defended by our warehouse legal liability 
insurer. We have also received correspondence from other customers, under various theories of liability. We deny any liability 
with respect to the fire and we have referred these claims to our insurer for an appropriate response. We do not expect that this 
event will have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

g.  Roye Fire (Recall)

On January 28, 2002, a former leased Recall records management facility located in Roye, France was destroyed by a fire. 

Local French authorities conducted an investigation relating to the fire and issued a charge of criminal negligence for non-
compliance with security regulations against the Recall entity that leased the facility. We intend to defend this matter 
vigorously. We are currently corresponding with various customers impacted by the fire who are seeking payment under various 
theories of liability. There is also pending civil litigation with the owner of the destroyed facility, who is demanding payment 
for lost rental income and other items. Based on known and expected claims and our expectation of the ultimate outcome of 
those claims, we believe we carry adequate insurance coverage. We do not expect that this event will have a material impact on 
our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

11. Related Party Transactions

Paul F. Deninger, one of our directors, was a senior managing director at Evercore Group L.L.C. ("Evercore") until June 

2016. In May 2013, we entered into an agreement with Evercore, which was amended and restated in August 2013 (the 
"Evercore Engagement"), pursuant to which Evercore agreed to provide financial advisory services to us. In connection with 
the Evercore Engagement, Mr. Deninger agreed, and Evercore represented, that Mr. Deninger would not be involved with the 
Evercore Engagement and would not receive any fees or direct compensation in connection with the Evercore Engagement. The 
Evercore Engagement was approved by the audit committee of our board of directors in accordance with our Related Persons 
Transaction Policy. For the year ended December 31, 2014, we incurred monthly retention fees which aggregated to $250 
associated with the Evercore Engagement. We did not incur any fees under the Evercore Engagement during the years ended 
December 31, 2015 and 2016.

12. 401(k) Plans

We have a defined contribution plan, which generally covers all non-union United States employees meeting certain 
service requirements. Eligible employees may elect to defer from 1% to 25% of compensation per pay period up to the amount 
allowed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In addition, IME operates a defined contribution plan, which is 
similar to our United States 401(k) Plan. We make matching contributions based on the amount of an employee's contribution in 
accordance with the plan documents. We have incurred expenses of $18,306, $16,355 and $24,407 for the years ended 
December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively, associated with these plans.

151

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

13. Stockholders' Equity Matters

Our board of directors has adopted a dividend policy under which we have paid, and in the future intend to pay, quarterly 
cash dividends on our common stock. The amount and timing of future dividends will continue to be subject to the approval of 
our board of directors, in its sole discretion, and to applicable legal requirements.

On September 15, 2014, we announced the declaration by our board of directors of a special distribution of $700,000 (the 

"Special Distribution"), payable to stockholders of record as of September 30, 2014 (the "Record Date"). The Special 
Distribution represented the remaining amount of our undistributed earnings and profits attributable to all taxable periods 
ending on or prior to December 31, 2013, which in accordance with tax rules applicable to REIT conversions, we were required 
to pay to our stockholders on or before December 31, 2014 in connection with our conversion to a REIT. The Special 
Distribution also included certain items of taxable income that we recognized in 2014, such as depreciation recapture in respect 
of accounting method changes commenced in our pre-REIT period as well as foreign earnings and profits recognized as 
dividend income. The Special Distribution followed an initial special distribution of $700,000 paid to stockholders in 
November 2012.

The Special Distribution was paid on November 4, 2014 (the "Payment Date") to stockholders of record as of the Record 

Date in a combination of common stock and cash. Stockholders had the right to elect to be paid their pro rata portion of the 
Special Distribution in all common stock or all cash, with the total cash payment to stockholders limited to no more than 
$140,000, or 20% of the total Special Distribution, not including cash paid in lieu of fractional shares. Based on stockholder 
elections, we paid $140,000 of the Special Distribution in cash, not including cash paid in lieu of fractional shares, with the 
balance paid in the form of common stock. Our shares of common stock were valued for purposes of the Special Distribution 
based upon the average closing price on the three trading days following October 24, 2014, or $35.55 per share, and as such, we 
issued approximately 15,750,000 shares of common stock in the Special Distribution. These shares impact weighted average 
shares outstanding from the date of issuance, and thus impact our earnings per share data prospectively from the Payment Date.

In November 2014, our board of directors declared a distribution of $0.255 per share (the "Catch-Up Distribution") 
payable on December 15, 2014 to stockholders of record on November 28, 2014. Our board of directors declared the Catch-Up 
Distribution because our cash distributions paid from January 2014 through July 2014 were declared and paid before our board 
of directors had determined that we would elect REIT status effective January 1, 2014 and were lower than they otherwise 
would have been if the final determination to elect REIT status effective January 1, 2014 had been prior to such distributions.

In 2015 and 2016, our board of directors declared the following dividends:

Declaration Date

Dividend
Per Share

February 19, 2015
May 28, 2015
August 27, 2015
October 29, 2015
February 17, 2016
May 25, 2016
July 27, 2016
October 31, 2016

$

0.4750
0.4750
0.4750
0.4850
0.4850
0.4850
0.4850
0.5500

Record Date

March 6, 2015
June 12, 2015
September 11, 2015
December 1, 2015
March 7, 2016
June 6, 2016
September 12, 2016
December 15, 2016

$

Total
Amount

99,795
100,119
100,213
102,438
102,651
127,469
127,737
145,006

Payment Date

March 20, 2015
June 26, 2015
September 30, 2015
December 15, 2015
March 21, 2016
June 24, 2016
September 30, 2016
December 30, 2016

_______________________________________________________________________________

During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, we declared distributions to our stockholders of $1,048,905, 

$402,565 and $502,863, respectively. These distributions represent approximately $5.37 per share, $1.91 per share and $2.04 
per share for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively, based on the weighted average number of 
common shares outstanding during each respective year. For 2014, total amounts distributed included the Special Distribution 
of $700,000, or $3.61 per share, associated with our conversion to a REIT, of which $560,000 was paid in the form of our 
common stock and $140,000 was paid in cash.

152

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

13. Stockholders' Equity Matters (Continued)

For federal income tax purposes, distributions to our stockholders are generally treated as nonqualified ordinary 
dividends, qualified ordinary dividends or return of capital. The United States Internal Revenue Service requires historical C 
corporation earnings and profits to be distributed prior to any REIT distributions, which may affect the character of each 
distribution to our stockholders, including whether and to what extent each distribution is characterized as a qualified or 
nonqualified ordinary dividend. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, the dividends we paid on our common 
shares were classified as follows:

Nonqualified ordinary dividends

Qualified ordinary dividends

Return of capital

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

26.4%

56.4%

17.2%

49.3%

39.1%

11.6%

45.5%

21.0%

33.5%

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

Dividends paid during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 which were classified as qualified ordinary 

dividends for federal income tax purposes primarily related to (i) the distribution of certain of our historical C corporation 
earnings and profits following our conversion to a REIT (with respect to dividends paid during the year ended December 31, 
2014) and (ii) the distribution of historical C corporation earnings and profits related to certain acquisitions completed during 
the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 (with respect to dividends paid during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 
2016). 

14. Divestitures

Divestments Associated with the Recall Transaction

As disclosed in Note 6, in connection with the acquisition of Recall, we sought regulatory approval of the Recall 
Transaction from the DOJ, the ACCC, the CCB and the CMA and, as part of the regulatory approval process, we agreed to 
make the Divestments. 

The assets and liabilities related to the Initial United States Divestments were sold to Access CIG in the Access Sale on 

May 4, 2016; the assets and liabilities related to the Australia Divestment Business were sold to Housatonic in the Australia 
Sale on October 31, 2016; the assets and liabilities related to the UK Divestments were sold to Oasis Group in the UK Sale on 
December 9, 2016; and the assets and liabilities associated with the Seattle/Atlanta Divestments and the Canadian Divestments 
were sold to ARKIVE in the ARKIVE Sale on December 29, 2016.

We have concluded that the Australian Divestment Business and the Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments (collectively, 

the “Iron Mountain Divestments”) do not meet the criteria to be reported as discontinued operations in our Consolidated 
Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, 
respectively, as our decision to divest these businesses does not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our 
operations and financial results. Accordingly, the revenues and expenses associated with the Iron Mountain Divestments are 
presented as a component of income (loss) from continuing operations in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the 
years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 and the cash flows associated with these businesses are presented as a 
component of cash flows from continuing operations in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended 
December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 through the closing date of the Australia Sale, in the case of the Australia Divestment 
Business, and through the closing date of the ARKIVE Sale, in the case of the Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments. 

During the year ended December 31, 2016, we recorded charges of $15,417 and $1,421 to other expense, net associated 

with the loss on disposal of the Australia Divestment Business and the Iron Mountain Canadian Divestments, respectively, 
representing the excess of the carrying value of these businesses compared to their fair value (less costs to sell).

153

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

14. Divestitures (Continued)

We have concluded that the Initial United States Divestments, the Seattle/Atlanta Divestments, the Recall Canadian 
Divestments and the UK Divestments (collectively, the “Recall Divestments”) meet the criteria to be reported as discontinued 
operations in our Consolidated Statement of Operations and Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended 
December 31, 2016, as the Recall Divestments met the criteria to be reported as assets and liabilities held for sale at, or within a 
short period of time following, the closing of the Recall Transaction. 

The table below summarizes certain results of operations of the Recall Divestments included in discontinued operations:

Description

Total Revenues
Income (Loss) from Discontinued
Operations Before Provision (Benefit)
for Income Taxes

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
Income (Loss) from Discontinued
Operations, Net of Tax

Initial
United States
Divestments(1)
$

Year Ended December 31, 2016

Seattle/Atlanta
Divestments

Recall
Canadian
Divestments

UK
Divestments

Total

— $

6,077

$

5,951

$

1,019

$

13,047

—

—

1,726

84

2,472

654

(93)
14

4,105

752

$

— $

1,642

$

1,818

$

(107) $

3,353

______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  The Access Sale occurred nearly simultaneously with the closing of the Recall Transaction. Accordingly, the revenue 
and expenses associated with the Initial United States Divestments are not included in our Consolidated Statement of 
Operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 and the cash flows associated with the Initial United States 
Divestments are not included in our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2016, due 
to the immaterial nature of the revenues, expenses and cash flows related to the Initial United States Divestments for 
the period of time we owned these businesses (May 2, 2016 through May 4, 2016). 

The assets subject to the Recall Divestments were acquired in the Recall Transaction and, therefore, the fair value of the 

Recall Divestments has been reflected in the allocation of the purchase price for Recall as a component of "Fair Value of Recall 
Divestments".

International Shredding Operations

In December 2014, we divested our secure shredding operations in Australia, Ireland and the United Kingdom (the 
"International Shredding Operations") in a stock transaction for approximately $26,200 in cash at closing. The assets sold 
primarily consisted of customer contracts and certain long-lived assets. We have concluded that this divestiture did not meet the 
requirements to be presented as a discontinued operation, and, therefore, recorded a pretax gain on sale in other (income) 
expense, net of approximately $6,900 ($10,200, inclusive of a tax benefit) in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the 
year ended December 31, 2014. Revenues from our International Shredding Operations represented less than 1% of our 
consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014. The International Shredding Operations in Australia were 
previously included in the Other International Business segment and the International Shredding Operations in the United 
Kingdom and Ireland were previously included in the Western European Business segment.

154

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

14. Divestitures (Continued)

Digital Operations

On June 2, 2011, we sold our online backup and recovery, digital archiving and eDiscovery solutions businesses of our 
digital business (the “Digital Business”) to Autonomy Corporation plc, a corporation formed under the laws of England and 
Wales (“Autonomy”), pursuant to a purchase and sale agreement dated as of May 15, 2011 among IMI, certain subsidiaries of 
IMI and Autonomy (the "Digital Sale"). In the Digital Sale, Autonomy purchased (1) the shares of certain of IMI's subsidiaries 
through which we conducted the Digital Business and (2) certain assets of IMI and its subsidiaries relating to the Digital 
Business. The Digital Sale qualified for presentation as a discontinued operation and, as a result, the financial position, 
operating results and cash flows of the Digital Business, for all periods presented, have been reported as discontinued 
operations for financial reporting purposes. 

The table below summarizes certain results of operations of the Digital Business:

(Loss) Income Before (Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes of Discontinued Operations

(Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes

(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

_______________________________________________________________________________

Year Ended December 31,

2014(1)

2015

2016

$

$

(960) $
—
(960) $

— $

—

— $

—

—

—

(1)  During the year ended December 31, 2014, we recognized a loss before (benefit) provision of income taxes of 

discontinued operations primarily related to settlements of legal matters directly related to the disposed business.

Italian Operations

We sold our Italian operations on April 27, 2012, and we agreed to indemnify the buyers of our Italian operations for 

certain possible obligations and contingencies associated with the fire in Italy discussed more fully in Note 10.d. Our Italian 
operations were previously included within the Western European Business segment. For all periods presented, the financial 
position, operating results and cash flows of our Italian operations, including the loss on the sale, have been reported as 
discontinued operations for financial reporting purposes.

The table below summarizes certain results of our Italian operations:

Income (Loss) Before (Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes of Discontinued Operations

(Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

_______________________________________________________________________________

Year Ended December 31,

2014(1)

2015

2016

$

$

751

—

751

$

$

— $

—

— $

—

—

—

(1)  During the year ended December 31, 2014, we recognized income before (benefit) provision of income taxes of 
discontinued operations primarily related to the recovery of insurance proceeds in excess of carrying value.

155

 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

15. Cost Optimization Plans

Organizational Restructuring

During the third quarter of 2013, we implemented a plan that called for certain organizational realignments to advance 

our growth strategy and reduce operating costs (the “Organizational Restructuring”), which was completed in 2014. As a result 
of the Organizational Restructuring, we recorded a charge of $3,475 for the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily related to 
employee severance and associated benefits. Costs included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations 
associated with the Organizational Restructuring are as follows:

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)
Selling, general and administrative expenses

Total

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

$

1,228
2,247

3,475

$

$

— $
—

— $

Costs recorded by segment associated with the Organizational Restructuring are as follows:

North American Records and Information Management Business

$

1,560

$

— $

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

North American Data Management Business

Western European Business

Other International Business

Corporate and Other Business

Total

Transformation Initiative

340

33

—

1,542

—

—

—

—

$

3,475

$

— $

—
—
—  

—

—

—

—

—

—

During the third quarter of 2015, we implemented a plan that calls for certain organizational realignments to reduce our 

overhead costs, particularly in our developed markets, in order to optimize our selling, general and administrative cost structure 
and to support investments to advance our growth strategy (the “Transformation Initiative”), which is expected to be completed 
by the end of 2017. As a result of the Transformation Initiative, we recorded charges of $10,167 and $6,007 for the years ended 
December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively, primarily related to employee severance and associated benefits. Costs included in 
the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations associated with the Transformation Initiative are as follows:

Year Ended December 31,
2015

2016

2014

— $

—

10,167

— $

—

— $

10,167

$

6,007
6,007  

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Total

$

$

156

 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

15. Cost Optimization Plans (Continued)

Costs recorded by segment associated with the Transformation Initiative are as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

North American Records and Information Management Business

$

— $

5,403

$

2,329

North American Data Management Business

Western European Business

Other International Business

Corporate and Other Business

Total

—

—

—

—

241

1,537

—

2,986

$

— $

10,167

$

395

204

—

3,079

6,007

Through December 31, 2016, we have recorded cumulative charges to our Consolidated Statements of Operations 

associated with the Transformation Initiative of $16,174. As of December 31, 2016, we had $452 accrued related to the 
Transformation Initiative. We expect the majority of this liability will be paid in the first half of 2017.

16. Recall Costs

We currently estimate total acquisition and integration expenditures associated with the Recall Transaction to be 
approximately $380,000, including approximately $80,000 of Recall Deal Close & Divestment Costs and approximately  
$300,000 of integration expenditures, including Recall Integration Costs and capital expenditures to integrate Recall with our 
existing operations.

Recall Costs included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Total Recall Deal Close & Divestment Costs

Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Total Recall Integration Costs

Total Recall Costs

Recall Deal Close & Divestment Costs

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

$

$

$

$

$

— $

— $

—

—

24,671

— $ 24,671

38,947
$ 38,947  

Recall Integration Costs

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

— $

— $ 11,963

—

22,343

81,034

— $ 22,343

$ 92,997

— $ 47,014

$131,944

157

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

DECEMBER 31, 2016
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

16. Recall Costs (Continued)

Recall Costs included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations by segment are as follows: 

Recall Deal Close & Divestment Costs

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

2016

North American Records and Information Management Business

$

— $

— $

North American Data Management Business

Western European Business

Other International Business

Corporate and Other Business

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

24,671

Total Recall Deal Close & Divestment Costs

$

— $

24,671

$

Recall Integration Costs

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2015

North American Records and Information Management Business

$

— $

North American Data Management Business

Western European Business

Other International Business

Corporate and Other Business

Total Recall Integration Costs

Total Recall Costs

$

$

—

—

—

—

— $

52

—

104

31

22,156

22,343

— $

47,014

$

$

$

—

—

—

—

38,947

38,947

2016
14,394

3,351

16,654

18,361

40,237

92,997

131,944

A rollforward of accrued liabilities related to Recall Costs on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 

and 2016 is as follows:

Balance at 
December 
31, 2015

Amounts
Accrued

Changes in
Estimates(1)

Payments

Currency
Translation
Adjustments

Balance at
December 31,
2016(2)

Recall Deal Close & Divestment
Costs
Recall Integration Costs
Total Recall Costs

$

$

— $
—
— $

36,770
7,125
43,895

$

$

(8) $
—
(8) $

(31,906) $
(6,794)
(38,700) $

(399) $
126
(273) $

4,457
457
4,914

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Includes adjustments made to amounts accrued in a prior period.

(2)  Accrued liabilities related to Recall Costs as of December 31, 2016 presented in the table above generally related to 

employee severance costs. We expect that the majority of these liabilities will be paid throughout 2017. Additional 
Recall Costs recorded in our Consolidated Statement of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2016 have 
either been settled in cash during the year ended December 31, 2016 or are included in our Consolidated Balance 
Sheet as of December 31, 2016 as a component of accounts payable.

158

 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE III—SCHEDULE OF REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
DECEMBER 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

Facilities(1)

Encumbrances

Initial cost
to Company

Cost 
capitalized
subsequent to
acquisition(2)

Gross amount
carried at 
close
of current
period(1)(3)

Accumulated
depreciation at
close of current
period(1)(3)

Date of
construction or
acquired(4)

Life on which
depreciation in
latest income
statement is
computed

$

— $

1,322

$

845

$

2,167

$

Region/Country/State/Campus
Address

North America

United States (Including Puerto
Rico)

140 Oxmoor Ct, Birmingham,
Alabama

1420 North Fiesta Blvd, Gilbert,
Arizona

2955 S. 18th Place, Phoenix,
Arizona

4449 South 36th St, Phoenix,
Arizona

3381 East Global Loop, Tucson,
Arizona

200 Madrone Way, Felton,
California

13379 Jurupa Ave, Fontana,
California

600 Burning Tree Rd, Fullerton,
California

5086 4th St, Irwindale, California

6933 Preston Ave, Livermore,
California

1006 North Mansfield, Los
Angeles, California

1025 North Highland Ave, Los
Angeles, California

1350 West Grand Ave, Oakland,
California

1760 North Saint Thomas Circle,
Orange, California

8700 Mercury Lane, Pico Rivera,
California

8661 Kerns St, San Diego,
California

1915 South Grand Ave, Santa
Ana, California

2680 Sequoia Dr, South Gate,
California

111 Uranium Drive, Sunnyvale,
California

25250 South Schulte Rd, Tracy,
California

3576 N. Moline, Aurora,
Colorado
North Stone Ave, Colorado
Springs, Colorado

11333 E 53rd Ave, Denver,
Colorado
5151 E. 46th Ave, Denver,
Colorado

20 Eastern Park Rd, East
Hartford, Connecticut

Bennett Rd, Suffield, Connecticut

Kennedy Road, Windsor,
Connecticut

293 Ella Grasso Rd, Windsor
Locks, Connecticut

150-200 Todds Ln, Wilmington,
Delaware

13280 Vantage Way, Jacksonville,
Florida

12855 Starkey Rd, Largo, Florida

10002 Satellite Blvd, Orlando,
Florida

3501 Electronics Way, West Palm
Beach, Florida

1890 MacArthur Blvd, Atlanta
Georgia

3881 Old Gordon Rd, Atlanta,
Georgia

5319 Tulane Drive SW, Atlanta,
Georgia

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

883

1,415

3,644

4,197

2,234

559

7,874

2,650

2,902

7,203

53

10,845

13,360

1,410

7,335

5,783

1,767

3,829

3,702

1,634

1,255

1,393

7,438

944

5,474

1,124

2001

2001

2007

2012

2000

1997

2002

2002

2002

2002

2014

1988

1997

2002

2012

2002

2001

2002

2002

2001

2001

2001

2001

2014

2002

2000

2001

2002

2002

2001

2001

2001

2001

2002

2001

2002

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

1,637

12,178

7,305

1,622

760

10,472

4,762

6,800

14,585

749

10,168

15,172

4,576

27,957

10,512

3,420

6,329

9,645

3,049

1,583

761

7,403

6,312

7,417

1,768

2,605

2,642

875

3,947

633

8,372

1,583

2,121

4,242

14,820

8,180

5,569

1,393

18,844

6,345

8,921

12,718

27,303

—

19,101

5,942

310

128

6,754

1,110

2,125

5,019

1,654

1,860

2,685

9,885

72

1,599

830

749

29,269

21,114

4,886

28,085

17,266

4,530

8,454

14,664

4,703

3,443

3,446

17,288

6,384

9,016

2,598

10,447

29,195

39,642

15,754

4,021

7,226

1,853

3,293

1,927

4,201

1,786

1,185

2,808

1,354

864

337

2,792

278

5,375

8,090

2,190

6,085

2,205

13,146

17,347

633

293

3,149

2,419

1,478

5,957

159

2,437

4,507

738

2,562

731

5,125

910

750

2,086

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE III—SCHEDULE OF REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

Region/Country/State/Campus
Address

United States (Including Puerto
Rico) (continued)

3150 Nifda Dr, Smyrna, Georgia

1301 S. Rockwell St, Chicago,
Illinois

2211 W. Pershing Rd, Chicago,
Illinois

2425 South Halsted St, Chicago,
Illinois

2604 West 13th St, Chicago,
Illinois

2255 Pratt Blvd, Elk Grove,
Illinois

4175 Chandler Dr Opus No.
Corp, Hanover Park, Illinois

2600 Beverly Drive, Lincoln,
Illinois

6120 Churchman Bypass,
Indianapolis, Indiana

6090 NE 14th Street, Des
Moines, Iowa

South 7th St, Louisville,
Kentucky

900 Distributors Row, New
Orleans, Louisiana

1274 Commercial Drive, Port
Allen, Louisiana

26 Parkway Drive (fka 133
Pleasant), Scarborough, Maine

8928 McGaw Ct, Columbia,
Maryland

10641 Iron Bridge Rd, Jessup,
Maryland

8275 Patuxent Range Rd, Jessup,
Maryland

96 High St, Billerica,
Massachusetts

120 Hampden St, Boston,
Massachusetts

32 George St, Boston,
Massachusetts

3435 Sharps Lot Rd, Dighton,
Massachusetts

77 Constitution Boulevard,
Franklin, Massachusetts

216 Canal St, Lawrence,
Massachusetts

Bearfoot Road, Northboro,
Massachusetts

38300 Plymouth Road, Livonia,
Michigan

6601 Sterling Dr South, Sterling
Heights, Michigan

1985 Bart Ave, Warren, Michigan

Wahl Court, Warren, Michigan

31155 Wixom Rd, Wixom,
Michigan

3140 Ryder Trail South, Earth
City, Missouri

Missouri Bottom Road,
Hazelwood, Missouri

Leavenworth St/18th St, Omaha,
Nebraska

4105 North Lamb Blvd, Las
Vegas, Nevada

17 Hydro Plant Rd, Milton, New
Hampshire
Kimberly Rd, East Brunsick,
New Jersey
811 Route 33, Freehold, New
Jersey
51-69 & 77-81 Court St, Newark,
New Jersey

Facilities(1)

Encumbrances

Initial cost
to Company

Cost 
capitalized
subsequent to
acquisition(2)

Gross amount
carried at 
close
of current
period(1)(3)

Accumulated
depreciation at
close of current
period(1)(3)

Date of
construction or
acquired(4)

Life on which
depreciation in
latest income
statement is
computed

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

2

1

1

3

3

1

1

3

3

1

$

— $

463

$

635

$

1,098

$

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

7,947

4,264

7,470

404

1,989

22,048

1,378

4,827

622

709

7,607

2,680

8,337

2,198

3,782

10,105

3,221

164

1,820

1,911

5,413

1,298

55,923

10,285

1,294

1,802

3,426

4,000

3,072

28,282

2,924

3,430

6,179

22,105

38,697

11,734

18,743

12,930

1,286

2,680

3,676

139

869

7,856

345

26,690

17,194

8,756

3,084

5,665

22,187

2,247

12,683

967

10,241

10,950

8,677

6,432

8,366

7,837

4,691

17,402

7,027

683

7,187

2,634

5,461

2,340

75,681

11,008

2,350

2,194

5,710

5,145

6,060

28,282

17,570

12,235

10,310

27,474

92,173

12,349

1,070

3,752

29

5,639

909

7,297

3,806

519

5,367

723

48

1,042

19,758

723

1,056

392

2,284

1,145

2,988

—

14,646

8,805

4,131

5,369

53,476

615

160

645

13,228

6,761

3,581

2,600

1,034

7,293

62

4,948

307

3,607

5,266

2,300

2,451

2,686

2,131

8,187

3,093

477

4,544

1,881

306

1,045

1990

1999

2001

2006

2001

2000

2014

2015

2002

2003

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Various

Up to 40 years

2002

2003

2015

1999

2000

2001

1998

2002

1991

1999

2014

2001

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

34,491

Various

Up to 40 years

2,811

1,138

906

3,193

2,196

1,772

5,064

5,097

4,585

5,445

2015

2002

2000

(6) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Various

Up to 40 years

2001

2004

2016

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

Various

Up to 40 years

2002

2001

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

11,815

Various

Up to 40 years

41,722

Various

Up to 40 years

178

2015

Up to 40 years

 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE III—SCHEDULE OF REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

Facilities(1)

Encumbrances

Initial cost
to Company

Cost 
capitalized
subsequent to
acquisition(2)

Gross amount
carried at 
close
of current
period(1)(3)

Accumulated
depreciation at
close of current
period(1)(3)

Date of
construction or
acquired(4)

Life on which
depreciation in
latest income
statement is
computed

$

— $

9,522

$

570

$

10,092

$

Region/Country/State/Campus
Address

United States (Including Puerto
Rico) (continued)

560 Irvine Turner Blvd, Newark,
New Jersey

231 Johnson Ave, Newark, New
Jersey

650 Howard Avenue, Somerset,
New Jersey

555 Gallatin Place, Albuquerque,
New Mexico

7500 Los Volcanes Rd NW,
Albuquerque, New Mexico

100 Bailey Ave, Buffalo, New
York

64 Leone Ln, Chester, New York

1368 County Rd 8, Farmington,
New York

County Rd 10, Linlithgo, New
York

77 Seaview Blvd, N. Hempstead
New York

37 Hurds Corner Road, Pawling,
New York

Ulster Ave/Route 9W, Port Ewen,
New York

Binnewater Rd, Rosendale, New
York

220 Wavel St, Syracuse, New
York

2235 Cessna Drive, Burlington,
North Carolina

14500 Weston Pkwy, Cary, North
Carolina

11350 Deerfield Rd, Cincinnati,
Ohio

1034 Hulbert Ave, Cincinnati,
Ohio

1275 East 40th, Cleveland, Ohio

7208 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland,
Ohio

4260 Tuller Ridge Rd, Dublin,
Ohio

2120 Buzick Drive, Obetz, Ohio

302 South Byrne Rd, Toledo,
Ohio

Partnership Drive, Oklahoma
City, Oklahoma

7530 N. Leadbetter Road,
Portland, Oregon

Branchton Rd, Boyers,
Pennsylvania

1201 Freedom Rd, Cranberry
Township, Pennsylvania

800 Carpenters Crossings,
Folcroft, Pennsylvania

36 Great Valley Pkwy, Malvern,
Pennsylvania

Henderson Dr/Elmwood Ave,
Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania

Las Flores Industrial Park, Rio
Grande, Puerto Rico

24 Snake Hill Road, Chepachet,
Rhode Island

1061 Carolina Pines Road,
Columbia, South Carolina

2301 Prosperity Way, Florence,
South Carolina
Mitchell Street, Knoxville,
Tennessee
415 Brick Church Park Dr,
Nashville, Tennessee
6005 Dana Way, Nashville,
Tennessee

11406 Metric Blvd, Austin, Texas

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

3

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

1

2

1

1

1

3

1

1

1

1

2

1

2

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

8,945

3,585

4,083

2,801

1,324

5,086

2,611

102

5,719

4,323

23,137

5,142

2,929

1,602

1,880

4,259

786

3,129

3,336

1,030

4,317

602

11,437

5,187

21,166

1,057

2,457

2,397

24,153

4,185

2,659

11,776

2,846

718

2,312

1,827

5,489

943

11,395

668

1,928

10,778

1,124

4,461

2,906

1,411

601

7,682

9,643

1,984

251

1,709

246

802

445

2,699

1,607

13,887

1,004

33

1,840

9,888

14,980

4,751

4,729

12,102

6,210

7,072

3,008

7,130

4,924

30,819

14,785

4,913

1,853

3,589

4,505

1,588

3,574

6,035

2,637

18,204

1,606

11,470

7,027

199

210

4,377

2,099

2,285

5,135

3,099

3,827

1,237

2,102

1,703

19,383

5,018

2,436

59

1,458

2,506

733

1,701

2,403

1,267

5,870

551

2,224

3,614

2015

2015

2006

2001

1999

1998

2000

1998

2001

2006

2005

2001

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Various

Up to 40 years

1997

2015

1999

2015

2000

1999

2001

1999

2003

2001

2015

2002

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

198,855

220,021

37,903

Various

Up to 40 years

12,409

13,466

935

6,475

9,935

3,289

2,151

—

—

4,427

3,917

2,723

1,915

3,392

8,872

34,088

7,474

4,810

11,776

2,846

5,145

6,229

4,550

7,404

5,650

1,733

3,327

2001

2000

1999

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

14,939

Various

Up to 40 years

3,555

2,334

1,918

718

1,424

3,140

1,400

3,564

2001

2001

2016

2016

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

Various

Up to 40 years

2000

2000

2002

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

161

 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE III—SCHEDULE OF REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

Region/Country/State/Campus
Address

United States (Including Puerto
Rico) (continued)

6600 Metropolis Drive, Austin,
Texas

Capital Parkway, Carrollton,
Texas

1800 Columbian Club Dr,
Carrolton, Texas

1905 John Connally Dr,
Carrolton, Texas

13425 Branchview Ln, Dallas,
Texas

Cockrell Ave, Dallas, Texas

1819 S. Lamar St, Dallas, Texas

2000 Robotics Place Suite B, Fort
Worth, Texas

1202 Ave R, Grand Prairie, Texas

15333 Hempstead Hwy, Houston,
Texas

2600 Center Street, Houston,
Texas

3502 Bissonnet St, Houston,
Texas

5249 Glenmont Ave, Houston,
Texas

5707 Chimney Rock, Houston,
Texas

5757 Royalton Dr, Houston,
Texas

6203 Bingle Rd, Houston, Texas

7800 Westpark, Houston, Texas

9601 West Tidwell, Houston,
Texas

1235 North Union Bower, Irving,
Texas

15300 FM 1825, Pflugerville,
Texas

929 South Medina St, San
Antonio, Texas

930 Avenue B, San Antonio,
Texas

931 North Broadway, San
Antonio, Texas

1665 S. 5350 West, Salt Lake
City, Utah

11052 Lakeridge Pkwy, Ashland,
Virginia
2301 International Parkway,
Fredericksburg, Virginia

4555 Progress Road, Norfolk,
Virginia

3725 Thirlane Rd. N.W.,
Roanoke, Virginia

7700-7730 Southern Dr,
Springfield, Virginia

8001 Research Way, Springfield,
Virginia

22445 Randolph Dr, Sterling,
Virginia

307 South 140th St, Burien,
Washington

8908 W. Hallett Rd, Cheney,
Washington

Facilities(1)

Encumbrances

Initial cost
to Company

Cost 
capitalized
subsequent to
acquisition(2)

Gross amount
carried at 
close
of current
period(1)(3)

Accumulated
depreciation at
close of current
period(1)(3)

Date of
construction or
acquired(4)

Life on which
depreciation in
latest income
statement is
computed

859

2,265

7,349

1,115

3,800

1,857

2,128

2,407

4,896

8,035

2,141

5,103

2,166

941

1,058

7,411

1,314

963

1,124

3,688

2,224

193

2,433

4,114

1,454

3,917

2,445

684

8,495

2,609

5,026

1,911

1,517

2011

2015

2013

2000

2001

2000

2000

2002

2003

2004

2000

2002

2000

2002

2000

2001

2015

2001

2001

2001

2002

1998

1999

2002

1999

2015

2011

2015

2002

2002

2005

1999

1999

Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

$

— $

4,519

$

281

$

4,800

$

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

—

—  

—

—  

—  

—  

—  

—  

8,299

19,673

2,174

3,518

1,277

3,215

5,328

8,354

6,327

2,840

7,687

3,467

1,032

1,795

3,188

6,323

1,680

1,574

3,811

3,883

393

3,526

6,239

1,709

20,980

6,527

2,577

14,167

5,230

7,598

2,078

510

70

398

595

3,317

1,542

699

561

1,813

34,950

1,356

253

1,896

1,033

989

8,369

20,071

2,769

6,835

2,819

3,914

5,889

10,167

41,277

4,196

7,940

5,363

2,065

2,784

11,167

14,355

607

1,958

1,136

7,851

1,137

227

945

3,582

1,848

21

597

84

2,538

2,562

3,687

2,079

4,106

6,930

3,638

2,710

11,662

5,020

620

4,471

9,821

3,557

21,001

7,124

2,661

16,705

7,792

11,285

4,157

4,616

162

 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE III—SCHEDULE OF REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

Region/Country/State/Campus
Address

Facilities(1)

Encumbrances

Initial cost
to Company

Cost 
capitalized
subsequent to
acquisition(2)

Gross amount
carried at 
close
of current
period(1)(3)

Accumulated
depreciation at
close of current
period(1)(3)

Date of
construction or
acquired(4)

Life on which
depreciation in
latest income
statement is
computed

United States (Including Puerto
Rico) (continued)

6600 Hardeson Rd, Everett,
Washington

19826 Russell Rd, South, Kent,
Washington

1201 N. 96th St, Seattle,
Washington

4330 South Grove Road,
Spokane, Washington

12021 West Bluemound Road,
Wauwatosa, Wisconsin

Canada

One Command Court, Bedford

195 Summerlea Road, Brampton

10 Tilbury Court, Brampton

8825 Northbrook Court, Burnaby

8088 Glenwood Drive, Burnaby

5811 26th Street S.E., Calgary

3905-101 Street, Edmonton

68 Grant Timmins Drive,
Kingston

3005 Boul. Jean-Baptiste
Deschamps, Lachine

1655 Fleetwood, Laval

4005 Richelieu, Montreal

1209 Algoma Rd, Ottawa

235 Edson Street, Saskatoon

640 Coronation Drive,
Scarborough

610 Sprucewood Ave, Windsor

1

1

1

1

1

181

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

15

196

$

—   $

5,399

$

3,227

$

8,626

$

—  

—  

—  

—  

14,793

4,496

3,906

1,307

8,457

1,629

208

2,077

23,250

6,125

4,114

3,384

2,870

8,624

2,930

111

1,142

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

912,136

791,576

1,703,712

605,773

3,847

5,403

5,007

8,091

4,326

14,658

2,020

3,639

2,751

8,196

1,800

1,059

829

1,853

1,243

4,118

4,992

16,037

709

6,634

7,061

448

—

16

7,965

10,395

21,044

8,800

10,960

21,719

2,468

3,639

2,767

13,970

22,166

1,077

5,744

1,316

754

316

2,877

6,803

2,145

2,607

1,559

3,101

3,915

5,134

3,611

3,429

8,627

1,245

—

1,104

9,457

1,239

3,027

607

986

461

64,722

63,192

127,914

976,858

854,768

1,831,626

45,943

651,716

2002

2002

2001

2015

1999

2000

2000

2000

2001

2005

2000

2000

2016

2000

2000

2000

2000

2008

2000

2007

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

163

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE III—SCHEDULE OF REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands) 

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

Region/Country/State/Campus
Address

Facilities(1)

Encumbrances

Initial cost to
Company

Europe

Cost
capitalized
subsequent to
acquisition(2)

Gross amount
carried at
close
of current
period(1)(3)

Accumulated
depreciation at
close of current
period(1)(3)

Date of
construction or
acquired(4)

Life on which
depreciation in
latest income
statement is
computed

$

— $

6,542

$

5,806

$

12,348

$

Gewerbeparkstr. 3, Vienna,
Austria

Woluwelaan 147, Diegem,
Belgium

628 Western Avenue, Acton,
England

65 Egerton Road, Birmingham,
England

Otterham Quay Lane,
Gillingham, England

Pennine Way, Hemel Hempstead,
England

Kemble Industrial Park, Kemble,
England

Gayton Road, Kings Lynn,
England

24/26 Gillender Street, London,
England

Cody Road, London, England

Deanston Wharf, London,
England
Unit 10 High Cross Centre,
London, England

Old Poplar Bus Garage, London,
England

17 Broadgate, Oldham, England

Harpway Lane, Sopley, England

Unit 1A Broadmoor Road,
Swindom, England

Jeumont-Schneider, Champagne
Sur Seine, France

Bat I-VII Rue de Osiers,
Coignieres, France

26 Rue de I Industrie,
Fergersheim, France

Bat A, B, C1, C2, C3 Rue
Imperiale, Gue de Longroi,
France

Le Petit Courtin Site de Dois,
Gueslin, Mingieres, France

ZI des Sables, Morangis, France

45 Rue de Savoie, Manissieux,
Saint Priest, France

Gutenbergstrabe 55, Hamburg,
Germany

Brommer Weg 1, Wipshausen,
Germany

Warehouse and Offices 4
Springhill, Cork, Ireland

17 Crag Terrace, Dublin, Ireland

Damastown Industrial Park,
Dublin, Ireland

Portsmuiden 46, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands

Schepenbergweg 1, Amsterdam,
The Netherlands

Vareseweg 130, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands

Howemoss Drive, Aberdeen,
Scotland

Traquair Road, Innerleithen,
Scotland

Nettlehill Road, Houston
Industrial Estate, Livingston,
Scotland
Av Madrid s/n Poligono
Industrial Matillas, Alcala de
Henares, Spain

Calle Bronce, 37, Chiloeches,
Spain

1

1

1

1

9

1

2

3

1

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,409

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,541

2,070

6,980

7,418

10,847

5,277

3,119

4,666

20,307

15,824

3,598

4,639

4,039

681

2,636

1,750

21,318

1,322

3,390

14,141

12,407

5,546

4,022

3,220

9,040

2,818

16,034

1,852

1,258

1,357

6,970

113

4,726

(342)

915

2,368

3,686

6,012

1,047

1,424

3,443

(2,602)

180

1,373

30

1,280

279

2,217

(1,791)

(111)

(285)

(1,187)

6,641

(466)

(337)

1,462

1,600

685

4,575

1,782

(751)

987

4,592

2,007

7,267

1,728

7,895

9,786

14,533

11,289

4,166

6,090

23,750

13,222

3,778

6,012

4,069

1,961

2,915

3,967

19,527

1,211

3,105

12,954

19,048

5,080

3,685

4,682

10,640

3,503

20,609

3,634

507

2,344

11,562

2,120

1,798

3,168

668

3,953

4,247

5,588

7,096

2,415

2,269

8,640

2,900

1,039

3,031

1,866

1,122

856

1,776

658

42

120

310

14,653

134

68

2,757

3,267

1,047

5,217

1,608

156

1,531

3,297

2010

2003

2003

2003

2003

2004

2004

2003

2003

2003

2015

2003

2003

2008

2004

2006

2003

2016

2016

2016

2016

2004

2016

2016

2006

2014

2001

2012

2015

2015

2015

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

(6) Up to 40 years

Various

Up to 40 years

788

2004

Up to 40 years

11,517

21,114

32,631

13,594

2001

Up to 40 years

186

11,011

226

1,641

412

12,652

296

2,086

2014

2010

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

164

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE III—SCHEDULE OF REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

Facilities(1)

Encumbrances

Initial cost to
Company

Cost 
capitalized
subsequent to
acquisition(2)

Gross amount
carried at 
close
of current
period(1)(3)

Accumulated
depreciation at
close of current
period(1)(3)

Date of
construction or
acquired(4)

Life on which
depreciation in
latest income
statement is
computed

$

— $

3,981

$

5,180

$

9,161

$

—

—

1,022

1,053

2,276

(312)

3,298

741

5,037

1,384

2001

2002

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

186

Various

Up to 40 years

1,409

236,512

81,370

317,882

110,668

1

1

2

58

2

1

1

1

1

2

3

1

2

4

1

1

2

2

1

1

7

2

1

Region/Country/State/Campus
Address

Europe (Continued)

Ctra M.118 , Km.3 Parcela 3,
Madrid, Spain

Fundicion 8, Rivas-Vaciamadrid,
Spain

Abanto Ciervava, Spain

Latin America

Amancio Alcorta 2396, Buenos
Aires, Argentina

Azara 1245, Buenos Aires,
Argentina

Saraza 6135, Buenos Aires,
Argentina

Spegazzini, Ezeiza Buenos Aires,
Argentina

Av Ernest de Moraes 815, Bairro
Fim do Campo, Jarinu Brazil

Rua Peri 80, Jundiai, Brazil

Francisco de Souza e Melo, Rio de
Janerio, Brazil

Hortolandia, Sao Paulo, Brazil

El Taqueral 99, Santiago, Chile

Panamericana Norte 18900,
Santiago, Chile

Avenida Prolongacion del Colli
1104, Guadalajara, Mexico

Privada Las Flores No. 25 (G3),
Guadalajara, Mexico

Tula KM Parque de Las,
Huehuetoca, Mexico

Carretera Pesqueria Km2.5(M3),
Monterrey, Mexico

Lote 2, Manzana A, (T2& T3),
Toluca, Mexico

Prolongacion de la Calle 7 (T4),
Toluca, Mexico

Panamericana Sur, KM 57.5, Lima,
Peru

Av. Elmer Faucett 3462, Lima, Peru

Calle Los Claveles-Seccion 3, Lima,
Peru

Asia Pacific

8 Whitestone Drive, Austins Ferry,
Australia

6 Norwich Street, South
Launceston, Australia

Warehouse No 4, Shanghai, China

2 Yung Ho Road, Singapore

26 Chin Bee Drive, Singapore

IC1 69 Moo 2, Soi Wat Namdaeng,
Bangkok, Thailand

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

3,475

—

—

655

166

144

12,773

12,562

8,894

1,868

24,078

2,629

4,001

374

905

4,096

241

992

(1,356)

696

493

11,177

7,205

36,076

16,158

898

859

4,751

407

1,136

11,417

13,258

9,387

13,045

31,283

38,705

20,159

1,272

1,764

19,937

(3,416)

16,521

3,537

2,204

7,544

1,549

4,112

8,179

2,625

3,004

9,379

647

4,484

6,162

5,208

16,923

2,196

8,596

23,987

32,166

1,255

Various

Up to 40 years

182

278

861

346

255

2,209

1,742

8,400

6,183

722

678

868

1,648

3,579

4,939

1,120

3,902

5,431

191

35

200

251

348

474

1998

1995

2012

2016

2016

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

Various

Up to 40 years

2014

2006

2004

2002

2004

2016

2004

2002

2007

Various

Various

2010

2012

2015

2013

2016

2016

2016

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

(5) Up to 40 years

1,499

Up to 40 years

36

3,475

116,111

118,245

234,356

44,598

1

1

1

1

1

2

7

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

681

1,090

1,530

10,395

15,699

13,226

42,621

2,621

(56)

723

(748)

(1,130)

(355)

1,055

3,302

1,034

2,253

9,647

14,569

12,871

43,676

Total

297

$

4,884

$

1,372,102

$

1,055,438

$

2,427,540

$

808,481

____________________________________

165

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORAT
SCHEDULE III—SCHEDULE OF REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)

(1)  The above information only includes the real estate facilities that are owned. The gross cost includes the cost for land, 
land improvements, buildings, building improvements and racking. The listing does not reflect the 1,146 leased 
facilities in our real estate portfolio. In addition, the above information does not include any value for capital leases for 
property that is classified as land, buildings and building improvements in our consolidated financial statements.

(2)  Amount includes cumulative impact of foreign currency translation fluctuations.  

(3)  No single site exceeds 5% of the aggregate gross amounts at which the assets were carried at the close of the period set 

forth in the table above.

(4)  Date of construction or acquired represents the date we constructed the facility, acquired the facility through purchase 

or acquisition.

(5)  Property was acquired in connection with the Recall Transaction. 

(6)  This date represents the date the categorization of the property was changed from a leased facility to an owned facility. 

The change in gross carrying amount of real estate owned for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2016

Gross amount at beginning of period

$ 2,019,585

$ 2,204,988

Additions during period:

Acquisitions(1)

Discretionary capital projects

Other adjustments(2)

Foreign currency translation fluctuations

Deductions during period:

Cost of real estate sold or disposed

Gross amount at end of period

33,180

136,398

101,386
(85,092)
185,872

131,665

108,760

42,904
(37,653)
245,676

(469)
$ 2,204,988

(23,124)
$ 2,427,540

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Includes acquisition of sites through business combinations and purchase accounting adjustments.

(2)   Includes costs associated with real estate we acquired which primarily includes building improvements and racking, 

which were previously subject to leases.  

166

 
 
 
 
IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
SCHEDULE III—SCHEDULE OF REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands)

The change in accumulated depreciation amount of real estate owned for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 is 

as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2016

Gross amount of accumulated depreciation at beginning of
period
Additions during period:

$

648,734

$

745,186

Depreciation
Other adjustments(1)
Foreign currency translation fluctuations

Deductions during period:

77,976
39,937
(21,310)
96,603

77,664
7,700
(13,129)
72,235

Amount of accumulated depreciation for real estate assets
sold or disposed

Gross amount of end of period

(151)
745,186

$

(8,940)
808,481

$

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1)  Includes accumulated depreciation associated with building improvements and racking, which were previously subject 

to leases.

167

 
 
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

Not applicable. 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused 

this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURES

IRON MOUNTAIN INCORPORATED
By:

/s/ STUART B. BROWN
Stuart B. Brown
 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Dated: February 23, 2017 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following 

persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Name

/s/ WILLIAM L. MEANEY

William L. Meaney

/s/ STUART B. BROWN

Stuart B. Brown

Title
President and Chief Executive Officer and
Director (Principal Executive Officer)

Date

February 23, 2017

Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer (Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)

  February 23, 2017

/s/ JENNIFER M. ALLERTON

  Director

  February 23, 2017

Jennifer M. Allerton

/s/ TED R. ANTENUCCI

  Director

  February 23, 2017

Ted R. Antenucci

/s/ PAMELA M. ARWAY

  Director

  February 23, 2017

Pamela M. Arway

/s/ CLARKE H. BAILEY

  Director

  February 23, 2017

Clarke H. Bailey

/s/ NEIL G. CHATFIELD

  Director

  February 23, 2017

Neil G. Chatfield

/s/ KENT P. DAUTEN

  Director

  February 23, 2017

Kent P. Dauten

168

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name

Title

Date

/s/ PAUL F. DENINGER

  Director

  February 23, 2017

Paul F. Deninger

/s/ PER-KRISTIAN HALVORSEN Director

February 23, 2017

Per-Kristian Halvorsen

/s/ WENDY J. MURDOCK

Director

February 23, 2017

Wendy J. Murdock

/s/ WALTER C. RAKOWICH

Director

February 23, 2017

Walter. C. Rakowich

/s/ ALFRED J. VERRECCHIA

Director

February 23, 2017

Alfred J. Verrecchia

169

 
 
Certain exhibits indicated below are incorporated by reference to documents we have filed with the SEC. Each exhibit 

marked by a pound sign (#) is a management contract or compensatory plan. 

INDEX TO EXHIBITS 

Exhibit
2.1

2.2

2.3

3.1

3.2

3.3

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

dated March 31, 

dated June 8, 2015.)

Item
Scheme Implementation Deed, dated as of June 8, 2015, between the Company and Recall Holdings Limited. 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Amendment to Scheme Implementation Deed, dated as of October 13, 2015, between the Company and Recall 
Holdings Limited. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the 
quarter ended September 30, 2015.)
Amendment to Scheme Implementation Deed, dated as of March 31, 2016, between the Company and Recall 
Holdings Limited. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
2016.)
Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on 
June 26, 2014, as corrected by the Certificate of Correction of the Company filed with the Secretary of State 
of the State of Delaware on June 30, 2014. (Incorporated by reference to Annex B-1 to the Iron Mountain 
Incorporated Proxy Statement for the Special Meeting of Stockholders, filed with the SEC on December 23, 
2014, File No. 001-13045.)
Certificate of Merger, filed by the Company, effective as of January 20, 2015. (Incorporated by reference to 
the Company’s Current Report on 
Bylaws of the Company. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 
year ended December 31, 2014.)
Senior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of September 23, 2011, among the Company, the Guarantors named 
therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. (Incorporated by reference to the 
Company’s Current Report on 
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 10, 2012, among the Company, the Guarantors named 
therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, relating to the 53/4% Senior 
Subordinated Notes due 2024. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
dated August 10, 2012.)
Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 20, 2015, among the Company, the Company’s predecessor 
immediately prior to its conversion to a REIT (the “Predecessor Registrant”), the Guarantors named therein 
and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s 
Current Report on 
Senior Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2013, among the Company, the Guarantors named therein and Wells 
Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 

dated September 29, 2011, File Number 001-13045.)

dated January 21, 2015.)

dated January 21, 2015.)

K dated August 13, 2013.)

dated August 13, 2013.)

First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2013, among the Company, the Guarantors named 
therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, relating to the 6% Senior Notes due 2023. 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 20, 2015, among the Company, the Predecessor 
Registrant, the Guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee. 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Senior Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2013, among Iron Mountain Canada Operations ULC, the Company, 
the Guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee. (Incorporated by 
reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2013, among Iron Mountain Canada Operations ULC, 
the Guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, relating to the 6.125% 
CAD Senior Notes due 2021. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
August 13, 2013.)
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 20, 2015, among the Company, the Predecessor 
Registrant, Iron Mountain Canada Operations ULC, the Guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, 
National Association, as trustee. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
dated January 21, 2015.)

dated January 21, 2015.)

dated August 13, 2013.)

dated 

170

Exhibit
4.10

4.11

4.12

4.13

4.14

4.15

4.16

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

10.10

10.11

10.12

10.13

Item

dated January 21, 2015.)

dated January 21, 2015.)

dated September 29, 2015.)

Senior Indenture, dated as of September 18, 2014, among Iron Mountain Europe PLC, the Company, the 
Guarantors named therein, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, and Société Générale Bank & 
Trust, as paying agent, registrar and transfer agent, relating to the 6.125% GBP Senior Notes due 2022. 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
dated September 22, 2014.)
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 20, 2015, among Iron Mountain Europe PLC, the Company, 
the Predecessor Registrant, the Guarantors named therein, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, 
and Société Générale Bank & Trust, as Paying Agent, Registrar and Transfer Agent. (Incorporated by 
reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Senior Indenture, dated as of September 29, 2015, among the Company, the Guarantors named therein and 
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current 
Report on 
Senior Indenture, dated as of May 27, 2016, among the Company, the Guarantors named therein and Wells 
Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, relating to the 4.375% Senior Notes due 2021. (Incorporated by 
reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 27, 2016.)
Senior Indenture, dated as of May 27, 2016, among Iron Mountain US Holdings, Inc., the Company, the 
Guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, relating to the 5.375% 
Senior Notes due 2026. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 
27, 2016.)
Senior Indenture, dated as of September 15, 2016, among Iron Mountain Canada Operations ULC, the 
Company, the Guarantors named therein and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee, relating to 
the 5.375% CAD Senior Notes due 2023. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K dated September 15, 2016.)
Form of Stock Certificate representing shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company. 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
2008 Restatement of the Iron Mountain Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan. (#) 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
2007, File Number 001-13045.)
First Amendment to 2008 Restatement of the Iron Mountain Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation 
Plan. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
December 31, 2008, File Number 001-13045.)
Third Amendment to 2008 Restatement of the Iron Mountain Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation 
for the quarter ended 
Plan. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
June 30, 2012.)
Fourth Amendment to 2008 Restatement of the Iron Mountain Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation 
Plan. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
December 31, 2012.)
Iron Mountain Incorporated 1997 Stock Option Plan, as amended. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the 
Company’s Annual Report on 
Amendment to Iron Mountain Incorporated 1997 Stock Option Plan, as amended. (#) (Incorporated by 
reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Iron Mountain Incorporated 1995 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended. (#) (Incorporated by reference to Iron 
Mountain /DE’s Current Report on 
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s 
Annual Report on 
Third Amendment to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan. (#) (Incorporated by 
reference to Appendix A of the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, filed 
with the SEC on April 21, 2008, File Number 001-13045.)
Fourth Amendment to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan. (#) (Incorporated by 
reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Fifth Amendment to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan. (#) (Incorporated by 
reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Sixth Amendment to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan. (#) (Incorporated by 
for the quarter ended June 30, 2011, File 
reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
Number 001-13045.)
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive Plan. (#) (Incorporated by reference to Annex C to 
the Iron Mountain Incorporated Proxy Statement for the Special Meeting of Stockholders, filed with the SEC 
on December 23, 2014, File No. 001-13045.)

for the year ended December 31, 2000, File Number 001-13045.)

for the year ended December 31, 2002, File Number 001-13045.)

dated December 10, 2008, File Number 001-13045.)

dated December 10, 2008, File Number 001-13045.)

dated April 16, 1999, File Number 001-13045.)

dated June 4, 2010, File Number 001-13045.)

for the year ended December 31, 

for the year ended 

for the year ended 

171

Exhibit
10.14

10.15

10.16

10.17

10.18

10.19

10.20

10.21

10.22

10.23

10.24

10.25

10.26

10.27

10.28

10.29

10.30

10.31

10.32

10.33

Item

Form of Iron Mountain Incorporated Amended and Restated 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
2004, File Number 001-13045.)
Form of Iron Mountain Incorporated Incentive Stock Option Agreement. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the 
Company’s Annual Report on 
Form of Iron Mountain Incorporated 1995 Stock Incentive Plan 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
2004, File Number 001-13045.)
Form of Iron Mountain Incorporated 1995 Stock Incentive Plan Amended and Restated Iron Mountain 

Stock Option Agreement. (#) 
for the year ended December 31, 

Stock Option Agreement. (#) 
for the year ended December 31, 

for the year ended December 31, 2004, File Number 001-13045.)

Stock Option Agreement. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 

for the year ended December 31, 2004, File Number 001-13045.)

for the year ended December 31, 

for the year ended December 31, 

for the year ended December 31, 

Stock Option Agreement. (#) 
for the year ended December 31, 

Form of Iron Mountain Incorporated 1995 Stock Incentive Plan Incentive Stock Option Agreement. (#) 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
2004, File Number 001-13045.)
Form of Iron Mountain Incorporated 1995 Stock Incentive Plan 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
2004, File Number 001-13045.)
Form of Iron Mountain Incorporated 1997 Stock Option Plan Stock Option Agreement (version 1). (#) 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
2004, File Number 001-13045.)
Form of Iron Mountain Incorporated 1997 Stock Option Plan Stock Option Agreement (version 2). (#) 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
2004, File Number 001-13045.)
Form of Iron Mountain Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement (version 2B). (#) 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
2013.)
Form of Performance Unit Agreement pursuant to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan 
(version 3). (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
for the quarter 
ended March 31, 2013.)
Form of Performance Unit Agreement pursuant to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan 
(version 20). (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
ended March 31, 2013.)
Form of Performance Unit Agreement pursuant to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive Plan 
(version 21). (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
dated March 19, 
2014.)
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2002 Stock Incentive 
Plan (version 3). (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
quarter ended June 30, 2012.)
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement pursuant to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash 
Incentive Plan (version 1). (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
the year ended December 31, 2014.)
Form of Stock Option Agreement pursuant to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash Incentive 
Plan (version 1). (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
for the year 
ended December 31, 2014.)
Form of Performance Unit Agreement pursuant to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash 
Incentive Plan (version 1). (#) (Filed herewith.)

for the year ended December 31, 

for the 

for 

for the quarter 

Form of Performance Unit Agreement pursuant to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2014 Stock and Cash 
Incentive Plan (version 2). (#) (Filed herewith.)

Change in Control Agreement, dated September 8, 2008, between the Company and Ernest W. Cloutier. 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
March 31, 2014.)
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2003 Senior Executive Incentive Program. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the 
Company’s Current Report on 
Amendment to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2003 Senior Executive Incentive Program. (#) (Incorporated 
by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 

dated April 5, 2005, File Number 001-13045.)

dated June 4, 2010, File Number 001-13045.)

for the quarter ended 

172

Exhibit
10.34

10.35

10.36

10.37

10.38

10.39

10.40

10.41

10.42

10.43

10.44

10.45

10.46

10.47

10.48

10.49

10.50

10.51

dated June 4, 2010, File Number 001-13045.)

dated June 1, 2006, File Number 001-13045.)

Item
Iron Mountain Incorporated 2006 Senior Executive Incentive Program. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the 
Company’s Current Report on 
Amendment to the Iron Mountain Incorporated 2006 Senior Executive Incentive Program. (#) (Incorporated 
by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Contract of Employment with Iron Mountain, between Iron Mountain Belgium NV and Marc Duale. (#) 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Number 001-13045.)
Addendum, dated March 19, 2012, to the Contract of Employment between Iron Mountain BPM International 
Sàrl and Marc Duale, dated September 29, 2011, together with the Contract of Employment between Iron 
Mountain BPM International Sàrl and Marc Duale, dated September 29, 2011, the Agreement Regarding the 
Suspension of the Employment Contract, effective September 30, 2011, and the Terms and Conditions for the 
Office of Director (Gerant) between Iron Mountain BPM SPRL and Marc Duale, dated October 1, 2011. (#) 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
March 31, 2012.)
Addendum, dated February 27, 2015, to the Contract of Employment between Iron Mountain BPM 
International Sàrl and Marc Duale, dated September 29, 2011, as amended March 19, 2012, together with the 
Contract of Employment between Iron Mountain BPM International Sàrl and Marc Duale, dated September 
29, 2011, the Agreement Regarding the Suspension of the Employment Contract, effective September 30, 
2011, and the Terms and Conditions for the Office of Director (Gerant) between Iron Mountain BPM SPRL 
and Marc Duale, dated October 1, 2011. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 

dated December 30, 2009, File 

for the quarter ended 

for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.)

Third Amended and Restated Employment Contract between Iron Mountain BPM International Sàrl and Marc 
Duale, dated February 24, 2016. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 

for the year ended December 31, 2015.)

Employment Offer Letter, dated November 30, 2012, from the Company to William L. Meaney. (#) 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Contract of Employment with Iron Mountain, between Patrick Keddy and Iron Mountain (UK) Ltd., effective 
as of April 2, 2015. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
year ended December 31, 2015.)
Separation Agreement, dated July 1, 2016, between the Company and Roderick Day. (#) (Incorporated by 
reference to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
Restated Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors. (#) (Filed herewith.)

for the quarter ended June 30, 2016.)

dated December 3, 2012.)

for the 

dated March 13, 2012.)

for the quarter ended March 31, 2012.)

for the year ended December 31, 2012.)

for the year ended December 31, 2007, File Number 001-13045.)

Iron Mountain Incorporated Director Deferred Compensation Plan. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the 
Company’s Annual Report on 
The Iron Mountain Companies Severance Plan. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current 
Report on 
Amended and Restated Severance Plan Severance Program No. 1. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the 
Company’s Quarterly Report on 
First Amendment to Amended and Restated Severance Plan Severance Program No. 1. (#) (Incorporated by 
reference to the Company’s Annual Report on 
Second Amendment to The Iron Mountain Companies Severance Plan Severance Program No. 1. (#) 
(Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
Severance Program No. 2. (#) (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
dated December 3, 2012.)
Credit Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2011, as amended and restated as of July 2, 2015, among the Company, 
Iron Mountain Information Management, LLC, certain other subsidiaries of the Company party thereto, the 
lenders and other financial institutions party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as 
Canadian Administrative Agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent. (Incorporated by 
reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
First Amendment, dated as of April 29, 2016, to Credit Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2011, as amended and 
restated as of July 2, 2015, among the Company, Iron Mountain Information Management, LLC, certain other 
subsidiaries of the Company party thereto, the lenders and other financial institutions party thereto, JPMorgan 
Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Canadian Administrative Agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as 
Administrative Agent. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 
29, 2016.)

dated December 19, 2014.)

dated July 2, 2015.)

173

Exhibit
10.52

10.53

10.54

10.55

10.56

12

21.1

23.1

31.1

31.2

32.1

32.2

101.1

Item
Second Amendment, dated as of June 24, 2016, to Credit Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2011, as amended 
and restated as of July 2, 2015, among the Company, Iron Mountain Information Management, LLC, certain 
other subsidiaries of the Company party thereto, the lenders and other financial institutions party thereto, 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Canadian Administrative Agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, 
N.A., as Administrative Agent. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
dated June 24, 2016.)
Commitment Increase Supplement, dated as of June 24, 2016, among Iron Mountain Information 
Management, LLC, the lenders and other financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 
as Administrative Agent. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated 
June 24, 2016.)
Third Amendment, dated as of January 31, 2017, to Credit Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2011, as amended 
and restated as of July 2, 2015, among the Company, Iron Mountain Information Management, LLC, certain 
other subsidiaries of the Company party thereto, the lenders and other financial institutions party thereto, 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Canadian Administrative Agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, 
N.A., as Administrative Agent. (Filed herewith.)

Commitment Letter, dated as of April 19, 2016 among the Company, Iron Mountain Information Management, 
LLC, the lenders and other financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as 
Administrative Agent. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on 
19, 2016.)
Bridge Credit Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2016, among the Company, Iron Mountain Information 
Management, LLC, the lenders and other financial institutions party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 
as Administrative Agent. (Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated 
April 29, 2016.)
Statement re: Computation of Ratios. (Filed herewith.)

dated April 

Subsidiaries of the Company. (Filed herewith.)

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP (Iron Mountain Incorporated, Delaware). (Filed herewith.)

Certification of Chief Executive Officer. (Filed herewith.)

Certification of Chief Financial Officer. (Filed herewith.)

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer. (Furnished herewith.)

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer. (Furnished herewith.)

The following materials from Iron Mountain Incorporated’s Annual Report on 
December 31, 2016 formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated 
Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Equity, 
(iv) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail. (Filed herewith.)

for the year ended 

174

(This page has been left blank intentionally.)

(This page has been left blank intentionally.)

CORPORATE  DIRECTORS AND  OFFICERS
(As of  04/03/17)

DIRECTORS

Alfred J. Verrecchia  3, 6
Chairperson of the Board of Directors
Iron Mountain Incorporated
Boston, MA

Jennifer Allerton  1, 5
Retired Executive
Hoffmann La Roche Ltd
Basel, Switzerland

Ted R. Antenucci  1, 4
President and Chief Executive Officer
Catellus Development Corporation
Oakland, CA

Pamela Arway  2,  3
Retired Executive
American Express Company, Inc.
New York, NY

Clarke H. Bailey  2, 3, 5
Chief Executive  Officer and
Chairperson of the Board of Directors
EDCI Holdings, Inc.
New York, NY

Neil Chatfield  1,5
Retired Executive
Toll Holdings Limited
Melbourne, Australia

SENIOR OFFICERS

William L. Meaney
President and Chief Executive Officer

Edward Bicks
Senior Vice President,
Chief Strategy Officer

Stuart Brown
Executive Vice President
and  Chief Financial Officer

Ernest W. Cloutier
Executive Vice President
and General Manager,
International

Deirdre Evens
Executive Vice President,
Chief People Officer

Patrick Keddy
Executive Vice President and General Manager,
North America and Western Europe

Kent  P. Dauten  1, 3, 4
Managing  Director
Keystone  Capital, Inc.
Deerfield, IL

Paul  F.  Deninger  4
Senior Advisor
Evercore Partners, Inc.
Waltham, MA  and  San  Francisco, CA

Per-Kristian  Halvorsen  2, 5
Senior Vice President
and Chief Innovation Officer
Intuit Inc.
Mountain  View, CA

William L. Meaney  5
President and Chief Executive Officer
Iron Mountain Incorporated
Boston, MA

Wendy  Murdock  2,3
Retired Executive
MasterCard Worldwide
New York,  NY

Walter  C.  Rakowich  1, 3
Retired Executive
Former  CEO of Prologis
San Francisco, CA

Theodore  MacLean
Executive Vice  President,
Chief Marketing  Officer

Deborah Marson
Executive Vice  President,
General Counsel  and Secretary

Fidelma Russo
Executive Vice  President
and Chief Technology Officer

Eileen  Sweeney
Senior Vice President  and  General  Manager,
Data Management

John Tomovcsik
Executive Vice  President
and General Manager,  Records
and Information  Management, North America

1 Member  of Audit Committee (Mr. Rakowich is Chairperson)
2 Member  of the Compensation Committee (Ms. Arway  is Chairperson)
3 Member  of the Nominating and Governance Committee (Mr. Verrecchia is Chairperson)
4 Member  of the Finance Committee (Mr. Dauten is Chairperson)
5 Member  of the Risk and Safety Committee (Mr. Bailey is Chairperson)
6 Independent Chairperson of the Board

CORPORATE INFORMATION

STOCKHOLDER INFORMATION

Transfer Agent, Trustee and Registrar
Computershare
877/897-6892
201/680-6578 (outside the United States)
800/231-5469 (hearing impaired—TDD phone)
shrrelations@cpushareownerservices.com
www.computershare.com/investor

Address stockholder inquiries and send  certificates
for transfer and address changes to:
Iron Mountain Incorporated
c/o Computershare
P.O. Box 43006 Providence, RI 02940-3006

Overnight delivery
250 Royal Street
Canton, MA 02021

Corporate Headquarters
Iron  Mountain Incorporated
One  Federal Street
Boston, MA 02110
800/935-6966
www.ironmountain.com

Common Stock Data
Traded: NYSE Symbol: IRM
Beneficial Stockholders:
79,049, as of March 1, 2017

Investor Relations
Melissa Marsden
Senior Vice President, Investor Relations
Iron  Mountain Incorporated
One  Federal Street
Boston, MA 02110
617/535-4766
www.ironmountain.com

Annual Meeting Date
Iron  Mountain Incorporated will conduct
its  annual meeting of stockholders on
Wednesday May 24, 2017, 9:00am ET
at the offices of Sullivan & Worcester  LLP,
One  Post Office Square, Boston, MA  02109

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Deloitte & Touche LLP
200 Berkeley  Street
Boston, MA 02116

CAUTIONARY  NOTE  REGARDING
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The stockholder letter contains certain  forward-looking statements
within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act
of 1995 and other securities laws and is subject to the safe-harbor
created by such Act. Forward-looking  statements include our
financial performance outlook and statements  regarding our
operations, economic performance, financial condition, goals, beliefs,
future growth strategies, investment objectives,  plans and current
expectations, such as projected revenues from our emerging market
acquisition pipeline, valuation creation and  returns associated with
our data center business, and the acquisition  of currently leased
facilities. These forward-looking statements are subject to various
known  and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. When we
use words such as ‘‘believes,’’ ‘‘expects,’’ ‘‘anticipates,’’ ‘‘estimates’’ or
similar expressions, we are making forward-looking statements. You
should not rely upon forward-looking statements except  as
statements of our present intentions and of our present expectations,
which may or may not occur. Although we  believe that our forward-
looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our
expected results may not be achieved, and actual results may differ
materially from our expectations. In addition, important  factors that
could cause actual results to differ from our other expectations
include, among others: (i) our ability to remain qualified for taxation
as a real estate investment trust for U.S.  federal  income tax
purposes; (ii) the adoption of alternative  technologies and shifts by
our customers to storage of data through  nonpaper based
technologies; (iii) changes in customer preferences and demand  for
our storage and information management  services; (iv)  the  cost to
comply with current and future laws, regulations  and customer
demands relating to privacy issues as well as fire and  safety
standards; (v) the impact of litigation or disputes that may arise in
connection with incidents in which we fail to protect our customers’
information; (vi) changes in the price for our storage and
information management services relative  to  the  cost of providing
such storage and information management services;  (vii) changes in
the political and economic environments in the countries in  which
our international subsidiaries operate; (viii) our ability or inability  to
complete acquisitions on satisfactory  terms and  to  integrate acquired
companies efficiently; (ix) changes in the amount of our  capital
expenditures; (x) changes in the cost of  our debt; (xi)  the impact of
alternative, more attractive investments on dividends; (xii) the cost
or potential liabilities associated with  real estate necessary for our
business; (xiii) the performance of business partners upon whom we
depend for technical assistance or management expertise outside the
United States; (xiv) other trends in competitive or economic
conditions affecting our financial condition or results of operations
not presently contemplated; and (xv)  other risks described more  fully
in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, or SEC, on February 23, 2017  under
‘‘Item 1A. Risk Factors’’ and other documents that we file with the
SEC from time to time. Except as required by  law, we undertake  no
obligation to release publicly the result of any revision to these
forward-looking statements that may  be made  to  reflect events or
circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of
unanticipated events.

OPERATIONAL LOCATIONS
(As of 12/31/16)

Greece
Hungary
Netherlands
Northern  Ireland
Norway
Poland
Republic  of Ireland
Romania

Russia
Scotland
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine

Latin America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Mexico
Peru
Colombia

Middle East and Africa
South  Africa

North America
Canada
United States

Asia Pacific
Australia
China
Hong Kong-SAR
India
Malaysia
New Zealand
Singapore
Thailand

Europe
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
England
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Latvia
Lithuania
Sweden

IRM Stock Performance

Comparison of 60 Month Cumulative Total Return
Among Iron Mountain, the MSCI REIT Index,  the S&P 500 and the Russell 1000

275

250

225

200

175

150

125

100

s
r
a
l
l

o
D

Iron 
Mountain 

Russell 1000
Index 

S&P 500

MSCI REIT
Index 

75
Dec-11

Dec-12

Dec-13

Dec-14

Dec-15

Dec-16

30MAR201719341627

Note: Fiscal year end December 31,  2016

Source: FactSet

This graph compares the change in the  cumulative total return on our  common stock to the  cumulative
total returns of the S&P 500 Index, the  Russell 1000 Index and the MSCI REIT Index for the period
from December 31, 2011, through December 31, 2016. This comparison assumes an investment  of $100
on December 31, 2011, and the reinvestments of  any dividends.

3APR201420591154