ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Annual Report 2019
Table of Contents
To our Shareholders
Report of the Supervisory Board ......................................................................................................... 3
Group Management Report
Group findamentals ............................................................................................................................... 8
Economic report..................................................................................................................................... 9
Key features of the accounting related internal control an risk management system ................... 18
Declaration on corporate management .............................................................................................. 26
Events after the balance sheet date .................................................................................................... 26
Group Financial statement
Independent auditor’s report ............................................................................................................. 28
Consolidated Statements of financial position................................................................................... 34
Consolidated Statements of Operations and comprehensive income (Loss) ................................... 35
Consolidated Statements of changes in Equitiy ................................................................................ 36
Consolidated Statements of Cash-flows ............................................................................................. 37
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements ............................................................................... 38
Report of the Supervisory Board
Dear Shareholders,
2019 was a momentous year for Jumia Technologies AG (“Jumia” or the “Company”) as the
company completed its initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange in April 2019. Since
that time, the Company has remained focused on its mission to improve the quality of everyday life in
Africa by leveraging technology to deliver innovative, convenient and affordable online services to
consumers, while helping businesses grow as they use our platform to reach and serve consumers.
Below, we would like to inform you about the work of the supervisory board and its committees in
fiscal year 2019 to support Jumia in its mission:
Cooperation between Supervisory Board and Management Board
In the financial year 2019, the supervisory board of Jumia has cooperated with the management board
on a basis of trust. The main focus was on the financial position of Jumia against the background of
the initial public offering and the economic environment, the medium-term corporate planning and the
strategic development of the group, the investigation into the sales practices completed in early 2020
and remediation planning following the completion of the investigation, the coordination and
monitoring of the company’s system of internal controls and the lawsuits filed against the company in
the United States. The supervisory board has on a regular basis supervised, and accompanied in an
advisory capacity, the work of the management board in compliance with the laws, the company’s
articles of association and the German Corporate Governance Code [Deutscher Corporate Governance
Kodex].
The management board has on a regular basis informed the supervisory board promptly and
comprehensively, in writing and orally, about the state of Jumia and discussed with it in detail the
development of the business and decisions. The management board has fully complied with its duties
to inform the supervisory board.
Monitoring of the management board’s management activities and other main areas of
activity of the supervisory board
The supervisory board has ensured that legal regulations, the articles of association and the rules of
procedure of both the supervisory board and the management board have been complied with. It has
taken the decisions required by any law and the articles of association. Where a business transaction
required the approval of the supervisory board, it has discussed it thoroughly with the management
board before adopting a resolution. The cooperation between the supervisory board and the
management board always was constructive and target-oriented.
As part of its supervisory functions, the supervisory board dealt with the following focal topics, among
others:
Business development during the year
Individual and consolidated annual financial statements for the financial year 2019
Audit planning and reporting of the internal accounting control system, in particular
compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Strategic considerations regarding communication and course of action in lawsuits of the
company in the United States
3
Internal investigation into certain sales practices and remediation planning following the
completion of the investigation
Assessment and adjustment of the remuneration components of the management board
Budget planning of the Jumia group for the financial year 2020
Declaration of compliance with the German Corporate Governance Code
Changes to the supervisory board
The supervisory board of Jumia Technologies AG had eight (8) members as of 31 December 2019. In
the year under report, the structure of the supervisory board was changed and a new member was
elected. On 7 March 2019, the general meeting adopted a resolution to increase the number of the
supervisory board members from seven (7) to eight (8) and elected Angela Kaya Mwanza to the
supervisory board. At the time of this report, one supervisory board member has resigned from the
supervisory board. Alioune Ndiaye resigned from the supervisory board on 24 February 2020.
Composition of the supervisory board and the committees
All members of the supervisory board are elected by the general meeting to be representatives of the
shareholders. The supervisory board is not subject to the German Co-determination Act [Gesetz über
die Mitbestimmung der Arbeitnehmer].
In the financial year 2019, the supervisory board had four committees:
Audit committee
Remuneration committee
Executive and nominations committee
IPO committee (dissolved in April 2019)
Meetings of the supervisory board
In 2019, the supervisory board held four ordinary supervisory board meetings to exercise its functions.
Five (5) of seven (7) supervisory board members were represented in the meeting held on 28 February,
six (6) of eight (8) in the meeting held on 18 June and seven (7) of eight (8) in each of the meetings
held on 10 September and 10 December.
In the year under report, the supervisory board primarily dealt with the development of the business
and the general financial and strategic position of the company, the internal investigation into certain
sales practices and remediation planning following the completion of the investigation, the planning
and definition of the budget targets for the year 2020 and the reports of the committees. The
management board also informed the supervisory board in detail about the development of the
business and financial situation, the risk situation, the market and competitive situation and the human
resources situation. The reports of the management board complied with the legal requirements, the
principles of good corporate governance and the requirements defined by the supervisory board.
Activities of the supervisory board committees
The supervisory board has appointed four committees, one of which dissolved following the
Company’s initial public offering.
The remuneration committee deals with the contracts of employment and personnel matters
of the management board. The meetings were attended by all committee members in the
course of the financial year. The committee convened seven (7) times during the year. Among
4
other things, it dealt with the structure of the management board’s remuneration. As regards
this, particular attention is given to compliance with the requirements of the German
Corporate Governance Code.
The audit committee in particular deals with questions regarding the accounting process, risk
management and audit planning, communication with the internal audit department, the
investigation into certain sales practices and remediation planning following the completion of
the investigation, and the lawsuits in the United States. The committee convened eleven (11)
times during the year, one meeting serving to prepare the approval of the annual financial
statements and the approval of the consolidated annual financial statements. With one
exception, the meetings were attended by all committee members.
The corporate governance and nominations committee controls compliance with the rules
of the German Corporate Governance Code, nominates members of the management board
and proposes members for election to the supervisory board. At the recommendation of the
corporate governance and nominations committee, the supervisory board issued the
declaration of compliance in accordance with Section 161 AktG [German Stock Corporation
Act] on 26 December 2019. The company complies with most of the recommendations of the
Code. The few deviations are also explained in the corporate governance report that has been
published in connection with the corporate governance declaration on the website www.
investor.jumia.com/Corporate_Governance.
The IPO committee existed until completion of the initial public offering in April 2019 and in
particular dealt with the examination and approval of all transactions that were carried out by
the supervisory board in connection with the company’s initial public offering.
Audit of the consolidated annual financial statements of Jumia Technologies AG
The general meeting of Jumia Technologies AG held on 9 April 2019 adopted a resolution to appoint
Ernst & Young GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft as auditor of the consolidated annual financial
statements. That audit firm has audited the consolidated annual financial statements and the group
management report for the period 1 January to 31 December 2019 and issued an unqualified audit
opinion for both.
All supervisory board members have been provided with the auditor’s audit report upon preparation
and in due time before the meeting in which the annual financial statements were approved. Following
preparatory deliberations by the audit committee, the full supervisory board dealt with these
documents in its meeting held on 29 April 2020. In addition to the members of the management board,
the representatives of the auditor attended this meeting. They reported on the audit generally, the audit
focal points they had defined, the essential findings of the audit and the services that the auditor had
provided in addition to the auditing services and answered the questions of the members of the
supervisory board. The supervisory board had no objections. Accordingly, it acknowledged and agreed
with the findings of the audit.
5
The supervisory board has examined the consolidated annual financial statements and the group
management report for the year 2019 and also the auditor’s audit findings. It has not raised any
objections after the final results of these audits and has approved the consolidated annual financial
statements in its supervisory board meeting held on 29 April 2020.
Berlin, in April 2020
The supervisory board
_______________________
Jonathan D. Klein
Chairman of the supervisory board
6
2019 Group Management Report
Jumia Technologies AG
1.
1.1
1.2
2.
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.3
3.
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.3
3.4
4.
5.
Group fundamentals ............................................................................................................ 8
Business model and legal basis of financial reporting .............................................. 8
Research and development ....................................................................................... 9
Economic report .................................................................................................................. 9
General economic and sector-specific conditions ........................................................ 9
Course of business ...................................................................................................... 10
Operating results ................................................................................................. 10
Financial situation ............................................................................................... 11
Asset Situation .................................................................................................... 12
Overall representations concerning the Group´s development
of earnings, financial situation and net assets .................................................... 13
Financial and non-financial performance indicators .................................................. 13
Outlook, opportunities and risk report .............................................................................. 15
Outlook ....................................................................................................................... 15
Risk report including a description of the accounting
related internal control and risk management system................................................. 16
Structure of the risk management ........................................................................ 16
Key features of the accounting related internal control and
risk management system ..................................................................................... 18
Risks .................................................................................................................... 19
Opportunities report ................................................................................................... 25
Summary of the Group´s risk situation ...................................................................... 26
Declaration on corporate management .............................................................................. 26
Events after the balance sheet date .................................................................................... 26
7
1.
1.
Group fundamentals
1.1
Business model and legal basis of financial reporting
Jumia Technologies AG, with registered offices at Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin, Germany, was founded
in 2012 and is a leading Internet group doing business in many countries in Africa. Below, Jumia
Technologies AG and its affiliates is also referred to as “Jumia”, the “Company” or the “Group”. In its
capacity as group parent company, Jumia Technologies AG renders central functions, including the
financing of group-wide and internal services. The Group’s business and operational activities are
conducted solely by its subsidiary companies located in eleven countries in Africa.
The Company’s American Depositary Shares, (“ADS”) have been listed on the New York Stock Exchange
(NYSE) under the symbol JMIA since April 2019. The Company thus qualifies as a listed corporation
within the meaning of Section 3 (2) Corporation Act (“AktG”) but for want of a listing on an exchange
pursuant to Section 2 (11) Securities Trading Act (“WpHG”) is not a capital market-oriented company
within the meaning of Section 264d Commercial Code (“HGB”).
Under Section 267 (1) HGB, the Company counts as a small incorporated company. Accordingly, the
individual financial statements under commercial law, which the Company draws up in compliance with
Section 264 (1) HGB, are not subject to the auditing duty pursuant to Section 316 (1) HGB and are produced
taking advantage of all commercial-law simplification options. The Jumia Technologies AG consolidated
financial statements were drawn up exercising the option under Section 290 in combination with Section
319e (3) HGB in compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards adopted by the European
Union. Pursuant to Section 315 HGB, the Company’s consolidated financial statements are supplemented
by a group management report which contains all the compulsory information envisaged for listed
corporations under the provisions of Sections 289 to 289f HGB. In so far as those provisions give Jumia a
legal opportunity to publish information on its homepage and cite this in the group management report, that
opportunity is taken up.
Jumia is the leading pan-African e-commerce platform. The Jumia platform comprises a marketplace,
which brings sellers and consumers together, a logistics service, which enables the shipping and delivery
of packages from sellers to consumers, and a payment service, which simplifies transactions between
participants active on the Jumia platform.
The Company is currently doing business in 11 countries. On 31 December 2019, Jumia comprised 71 legal
entities (prior year: 78).
The following graphic shows the countries as of 31 December 2019 in which the Group is doing business
and has subsidiaries:
8
1.
1.2
Research and development
We continuously invest in our technology and data collection and analytics capabilities. We operate our
technology center in Porto, Portugal, which provides the centralized and harmonized technology backbone
for our operations across our regions. Our research and development activities focus on the production,
maintenance and operation of new and existing goods and services. We see our technology and content
expense as an investment in future growth and seller and consumer experience and satisfaction. Going
forward, we intend to maintain or increase our investments into our technology and data capabilities. In
2019, the Company’s research and development costs were not material in relation to our overall expenses.
2.
Economic report
2.1
General economic and sector-specific conditions
General economic conditions
According to the “World Economic Outlook” of the International Monetary Fund (the “IMF”) published in
January 2020, the global economy remains in a consolidation process. Global growth is expected to rise
from an estimated 2.9 percent in 2019 to 3.3 percent in 2020 and 3.4 percent in 2021.
In Africa south of the Sahara, the IMF expectations envisage growth to pick up to 3.5 percent between 2020
and 2021 (from 3.3 percent in 2019). The forecast is 0.1 percentage points lower than in the World
Economic Outlook published in October 2019 and 0.2 percentage points weaker for 2021. This reflects
downward adjustments for South Africa (where structural restrictions and deteriorating public finances are
impacting business confidence and private investment) and for Ethiopia (where the consolidation in the
public sector required to limit the debt ratio will probably impact growth). Weather-related disasters such
as tropical storms, floods, heat waves, droughts and forest fires have caused severe humanitarian costs and
the loss of livelihoods in several regions in the last few years. Climate change, the driver of the increasing
9
frequency and intensity of weather-related disasters, is already threatening to have health and economic
consequences, not only in the directly affected regions.
These forecasts do not take into consideration the effects of the COVID 19 pandemic which may be
profound but which remain uncertain at the time of publication of this report.
Sector-specific conditions
By the end of 2018, the number of mobile telephone subscribers in Sub-Saharan Africa already amounted
to 465 million, a year-on-year increase of 20 million and equal to 44% of the total population.
Approximately 239 million persons and thus approximately 20% of the total population are regular users
of the mobile Internet. The region thus remains the fastest growing region in Africa, with an expected
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.6% and a further 167 million mobile telephone subscribers by
2025.
The demographic structure of the Africa region will continue to ensure that many young consumers will
conclude a cell phone contract when they are old enough and thus contribute significantly to the sector’s
growth. By 2025, over 300 million people will be using the mobile Internet, most of whom will be
connected via mobile high-speed broadband networks. The region remains a hot spot for mobile pay
services. By the end of 2018, there were already 395.7 million registered mobile payment accounts, which
corresponds to almost half of the mobile payment accounts worldwide. (source: GSMA – The Mobile
Economy – Sub-Saharan Africa 2019).
2.2
Course of business
In fiscal year 2019, Jumia recorded a 38.7% increase in revenue. This increase fell within the Group’s prior-
year forecast. In fiscal year 2019, revenue rose from EUR 129.06 million in fiscal year 2018 to EUR 160.41
million. EBIT fell from - EUR 169.5 million to - EUR 226.5 million. EBIT development was thus also in
line with the prior-year forecasts.
Altogether, Jumia generated a consolidated group loss of EUR 226.34 million (prior year: EUR 170.62
million).
2.2.1 Operating results
In EUR k
Revenue
Cost of revenue
Gross profit
Fulfillment expense
Sales and advertising expense
Technology and content expense
General and administrative expense(2)
Other operating income
Other operating expense
Operating loss
Finance income
Finance costs
Loss before income tax
Income tax expense
Loss for the year
01.01. – 31.12.2019 01.01. – 31.12.2018
Restated
160,408
129,058
84,506
75,902
77,392
56,019
27,272
144,525
1,929
496
(227,873)
3,959
2,576
(226,490)
575
(227,065)
84,849
44,209
50,466
46,016
22,432
94,925
172
277
(169,735)
1,590
1,349
(169,494)
887
(170,381)
10
The Company’s geographical distribution of revenue was as follows:
in EUR k
West Africa(1)
North Africa(2)
East and South Africa(3)
Portugal
France
United Arab Emirates
Germany
Total
01.01.– 31.12.2019 01.01.– 31.12.2018
68,919
57,238
32,839
43
—
49
1,320
160,408
65,655
36,947
25,947
509
—
—
—
129,058
Cost of revenue developed in line with revenue from first-party sales and remained nearly unchanged at
€84.5 million in 2019 compared to €84.8 million in 2018. Cost of revenue primarily includes the purchase
price of consumer products sold in first-party sales. Certain expenses associated with third-party sales, such
as compensation paid to sellers for lost, damaged or late delivery items are also included in cost of revenue.
Gross profit increased by 71.7% from €44.2 million in 2018 to €75.9 million in 2019, primarily due to
increased platform monetization with respect to marketplace revenue as well as enhanced promotional
discipline and reduced emphasis on consumer incentives which supported margins.
Fulfillment expense increased by 53.4% from €50.5 million in 2018 to €77.4 million in 2019, primarily
due to an increase in freight and shipping expense resulting from an increase in volumes and an increase in
cross-border sales. Volume increases contribute to fulfillment cost efficiencies as they allow us to achieve
lower shipping costs per package on a given route.
Sales and advertising expense increased by 21.7% from €46.0 million in 2018 to €56.0 million in 2019,
primarily due to an increase in marketing activity. Sales and advertising expense per Annual Active
Consumer decreased by 21.1% from €11.6 in 2018 to €9.2 in 2019, reflecting continued marketing
efficiencies, increased share of traffic on our app which helps reduce re-engagement costs, and more
effective search marketing investments.
Technology and content expense increased by 21.6% from €22.4 million in 2018 to €27.3 million in 2019,
primarily due to technology infrastructure costs and technology license and maintenance fees. This
development was mainly driven by an increase in hosting and server costs due to higher traffic on our
platform.
General and administrative expense increased by 52.3% from €94.9 million in 2018 to €144.5 million in
2019, primarily due to an increase in staff costs as we enhanced our organizational set-up to operate as a
listed company. Share-based compensation expense increased from €17.4 million in 2018 to €37.3 million
in 2019 as well as an increase in audit, legal and other advisory fees, which was in part related to
preparations for our initial public offering. Higher rental expenses and office costs also contributed to the
increase in general and administrative expense. We incurred restructuring related general and
administrative expense of €2.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2019 as part of our portfolio optimization
and headcount rationalization initiatives, including redundancy benefits, provisions and other business
termination costs.
2.2.2 Financial situation
EUR m
Net cash flows used in operating activities
01.01.– 31.12.2019
(182.588)
01.01.– 31.12.2018
(139.012)
1 West Africa comprises Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Cameroon and Ghana.
2 North Africa comprises Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria.
3 East and South Africa comprises Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and South Africa.
11
Net cash flows used in investing activities
Net cash flows from financing activities
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
(67.701)
316.828
66.539
(2.847)
100.635
170.021
(3.633)
213.249
70.604
(0.303)
29.728
100.635
As in the prior year, cash and cash equivalents comprise the balance sheet items cash in hand, bank credit
balances and cheques.
Net cash flows used in operating activities increased by 31.3% from a cash outflow of €139.0 million in
2018 to a cash outflow of €182.6 million in 2019, primarily driven by an increase in our loss before income
tax adjusted for non-cash items. An increase in working capital due to an increase in accounts receivables
and a decrease in accounts payables accounted for a net cash outflow of €12.4 million in 2019 compared to
a net cash inflow of €1.8 million in 2018.
Net cash flows used in investing activities increased significantly from a cash outflow of €3.6 million in
2018 to a cash outflow of €67.7 million in 2019 due to cash outflows related to the placement of term
deposits of €62.7 million in 2019.
Net cash flows from financing activities increased by 48.6% from a cash inflow of €213.2 million in 2018
to a cash inflow of €316.8 million in 2019. In 2018, cash inflows primarily related to proceeds in the amount
of €216 million based on existing capital commitments called from our shareholders. In 2019, cash inflows
primarily related to proceeds from the April 2019 initial public offering and a concurrent private placement
with Mastercard.
On 31 December 2019, cash and cash equivalents amounted to EUR 170.02 million (prior year: EUR
100.64 million).
As of the balance-sheet date, the equity base reflects a higher year-on-year equity capital ratio of 61.4%
(prior year: 35.1%).
2.2.3 Asset situation
Assets
in EUR k
Non-current assets
Current assets
Total
Equity capital & liabilities
in EUR k
Equity
Liabilities
Total
31 December
2019
19,098
278,084
297,182
31 December
2018
Adjusted
%
6,638
135,382
142,020
4.7
95.3
100.0
%
6.4
93.6
100.0
31 December
2019
182,574
114,608
297,182
31 December
2018
Adjusted
%
49,848
92,172
142,020
35.1
64.9
100.0
%
61.4
38.6
100.0
The asset side of the balance sheet is shaped largely by term deposits (EUR 62.42 million; prior year: EUR
0.00), cash and cash equivalents (EUR 170.02 million; prior year: EUR 100.64 million), trade and other
receivables of EUR 16.94 million (prior year: EUR 13.03 million), prepaid expenses and other current
assets of EUR 12.59 million (prior year: EUR 7.38 million) and also inventories (EUR 10.00 million; prior
year: EUR 9.43 million). The increase in trade and other receivables is largely due to higher trade notes and
12
accounts receivable (EUR 17.78 million; prior year EUR 12.32 million) and also to higher advance to
suppliers (EUR 2.36 million; prior year: EUR 0.24 million). The increase in prepaid expense and other
current assets was comprised of prepaid server hosting fees and software license fees (EUR 7.79 million;
prior year: EUR 1.63 million).
Consolidated equity rose by EUR 132.72 million from EUR 49.85 million to EUR 182.57 million. In total,
in 2019, the Group received capital contributions of EUR 329.17 million (prior year: EUR 215.99 million).
As of 31 December 2019, the Group had an equity base with an equity capital ratio of 61.4% (prior year:
35.1%).
Liabilities contain mainly short-term liabilities, comprising trade and other payables (EUR 56.44 million;
prior year: EUR 47.29 million) and provisions for liabilities and other charges (EUR 27.04 million; prior
year: EUR 19.69 million). The increase is in general due to higher business activities.
2.2.4 Overall representations concerning the Group’s development of earnings, financial
situation and net assets
Jumia Technologies AG and its subsidiary companies addressed multiple challenges in fiscal year 2019.
The overall business development can be seen as positive.
2.3
Financial and non-financial performance indicators
We assess the success of our business through a set of key performance indicators including the number of
Annual Active Consumers, Orders, Gross Merchandise Value (“GMV”), Total Payment Volume (“TPV”),
JumiaPay Transactions and Adjusted EBITDA. These metrics are not derived from the applied accounting
standards.
The most important performance indicators at the group level are:
Annual Active Consumers
“Annual Active Consumers” means unique consumers who placed an order for a product or a service on
our platform, within the 12-month period preceding the relevant date, irrespective of cancellations or
returns. We believe that Annual Active Consumers is a useful indicator for adoption of our offering by
consumers in our markets.
Orders
“Orders” corresponds to the total number of orders for products and services on our platform, irrespective
of cancellations or returns, for the relevant period. We believe that the number of orders is a useful indicator
to measure the total usage of our platform, irrespective of the monetary value of the individual transactions.
GMV
“Gross Merchandise Value” (“GMV”) corresponds to the total value of orders for products and services,
including shipping fees, value added tax, and before deductions of any discounts or vouchers, irrespective
of cancellations or returns for the relevant period. We believe that GMV is a useful indicator for the usage
of our platform that is not influenced by shifts in our sales between first-party and third-party sales or the
method of payment. We use Annual Active Consumers, Orders and GMV as some of many indicators to
monitor usage of our platform.
Total Payment Volume
“Total Payment Volume” (“TPV”) corresponds to the total value of orders for products and services
processed using JumiaPay including shipping fees, value-added tax, and before deductions of any discounts
or vouchers, irrespective of cancellations or returns, for the relevant period. We believe that TPV, which
corresponds to the share of GMV for which JumiaPay was used as the relevant payment method, provides
a useful indicator of the development, and adoption by consumers, of our payment services offerings.
13
JumiaPay Transactions
“JumiaPay Transactions” corresponds to the total number of orders for products and services on our
marketplace processed using JumiaPay, irrespective of cancellations or returns, for the relevant period. We
believe that JumiaPay Transactions provides a useful indicator of the development, and adoption by
consumers, of our payment services offerings for orders on our platform irrespective of the monetary value
of the individual transactions. We use TPV and the number of JumiaPay Transactions to measure the
development of our payment services.
Adjusted EBITDA
We define Adjusted EBITDA as loss for the year adjusted for income tax expense (benefit), finance income,
finance costs, depreciation and amortization and further adjusted by share-based payment expense.
Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental non-IFRS measure of our operating performance that is not required
by, or presented in accordance with, IFRS. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of our financial
performance under IFRS and should not be considered as an alternative to loss for the year, loss before
income tax or any other performance measure derived in accordance with IFRS. We caution investors that
amounts presented in accordance with our definition of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to
similar measures disclosed by other companies, because not all companies and analysts calculate Adjusted
EBITDA in the same manner. We present Adjusted EBITDA because we consider it to be an important
supplemental measure of our operating performance. Management believes that investors’ understanding
of our performance is enhanced by including non-IFRS financial measures as a reasonable basis for
understanding our ongoing results of operations. By providing this non-IFRS financial measure, together
with a reconciliation to the nearest IFRS financial measure, we believe we are enhancing investors’
understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how
well we are executing our strategic initiatives.
Management uses Adjusted EBITDA:
as a measurement of operating performance because it assists us in comparing our operating
performance on a consistent basis, as it removes the impact of items not directly resulting from
our core operations;
for planning purposes, including the preparation of our internal annual operating budget and
financial projections;
to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our strategic initiatives; and
to evaluate our capacity to expand our business.
Items excluded from this non-IFRS measure are significant components in understanding and assessing
financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered
in isolation, or as an alternative to, or a substitute for analysis of our results reported in accordance with
IFRS, including loss for the year. Some of the limitations are:
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our share-based payments, income tax expense (benefit) or the
amounts necessary to pay our taxes;
although depreciation and amortization are eliminated in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA, the
assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and such
measures do not reflect any costs for such replacements; and
other companies may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness
as a comparative measure.
Due to these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of discretionary cash
available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these and other limitations by
providing a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measure,
loss for the year.
The following tables provide a reconciliation of loss for the year to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods
indicated:
14
Loss for the year
Income tax expense
Finance income
Finance costs
Depreciation and amortization
Share-based compensation
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
(1) Unaudited.
For the year ended December 31,
2017
EUR
2018
EUR
2019
EUR
USD
(in millions)
(165.4)
11.5
(2.3)
1.5
1.6
26.3
(126.8)
(170.4)
0.9
(1.6)
1.3
2.2
17.4
(150.2)
(227.1)
0.6
(4.0)
2.6
7.9
37.3
(182.7)
(unaudited)
(254.9)
0.6
(4.4)
2.9
8.9
41.8
(205.1)
The development of the performance indicators is shown in the following table.
Annual Active Consumers
Orders
GMV
TPV
JumiaPay Transactions
Adjusted EBITDA
2017
For the year ended December 31,
2018
(in million)
2019
2.7
n/a
507.1 EUR
n/a EUR
n/a
(126.8) EUR
4.0
14.4
828.2 EUR
54.8 EUR
2.0
(150.2) EUR
6.1
26.5
1,097.6
124.3
7.6
(182.7)
EUR
EUR
EUR
The management has decided to adjust the performance indicators at the group level compared with the
prior-year report so that the Company’s development can be presented and communicated better.
3.
Outlook, opportunities and risks report
3.1
Outlook
Jumia will continue to focus on usage and consumer adoption, in parallel with the development of
JumiaPay, while driving cost efficiencies and progressing on our path to profitability.
In 2019, we initiated a business mix rebalancing aimed at supporting our path to profitability while
driving long term usage and consumer acquisition. As part of this business mix rebalancing, we reduced
promotional intensity on lower consumer lifetime value business while driving growth of high purchase
frequency product categories. This resulted in negative GMV growth in the fourth quarter of 2019
compared to the fourth quarter of 2018, while Orders increased by 49% and Annual Active Consumers
increased by 54% over the same period.
We expect the effects of the business mix rebalancing to continue playing out over at least the first half of
2020. These effects will be further exacerbated by the COVID-19 outbreak which is causing a number of
supply and logistics challenges. As a result, we expect continued GMV weakness over at least the first
half of 2020, with better Order and Annual Active Consumers growth.
In parallel, we expect to further develop digital payment on our platform, by enhancing the value
proposition of JumiaPay through new features and more payment use cases. We expect double digit
growth of both JumiaPay Total Payment Volume and Transactions for 2020.
Cost efficiencies and steady progress on our path to profitability will remain a core part of our financial
strategy. In 2019, Adjusted EBITDA loss rose 21.7% from EUR 150.2 million in 2018 to EUR 182.7
million in 2019, as an increase in Gross profit was offset by higher general administrative and logistics
expenses. In 2020, we expect to reduce our Adjusted EBITDA loss in absolute terms compared to 2019,
thanks to improved Gross profit after Fulfillment expense, more efficient Sales & Advertising expense
and G&A cost savings.
15
The development of earnings of the Company can vary starkly from year to year due to the uncertainty of
operating a relatively novel business model – e-commerce and digital payments – in volatile market
conditions. This dynamic may be aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which will confront our
business with operational and logistics challenges, while adversely affecting the macro conditions in the
markets where we operate.
The management board expects the Group to remain a going concern beyond 2020, because it has adequate
cash reserves of EUR 170.0 million, in addition to EUR 62.4 million of term deposit as of December 31,
2019.
3.2
Risk report including a description of the accounting-related internal control and
risk management system
General description
The early identification, analysis and control of potential risks is a fundamental part of Jumia’s corporate
strategy. In order to identify risks and opportunities at an early stage and handle them consistently, Jumia
uses a risk management system that also includes the early detection system in accordance with Section 91
(2) AktG. The risk management system facilitates the identification, recording, assessment, documentation
and reporting of risks across our operations.
Jumia takes a holistic, integrative approach that combines the topics of risk management system, internal
control system and compliance management system in one management approach (governance, risk &
compliance approach). The structure of the risk management system and internal control system ensures
that control and monitoring activities are aligned with corporate goals and their inherent risks.
The internal control system encompasses all regulations, measures, principles and procedures to achieve
corporate goals. In particular, it is intended to ensure the security and efficiency of business transactions,
the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and correctness of accounting and compliance with the relevant legal
regulations, and to ensure the reliability of financial reporting.
The Management Board is responsible for the risk management, compliance management and internal
control systems. The Supervisory Board and Audit Committee, with the involvement of the Internal Audit
department, monitor their effectiveness.
1.
3.2.1 Structure of the risk management
Our risk management and compliance structure was implemented only recently and, in 2019, we were in
the early stages of building a dedicated centralized risk management function. Our group-wide risk
management and compliance program is aimed at preventing corruption, fraud and other criminal or other
forms of non-compliance by our management, employees, consultants, agents and sellers.
The aim of Jumia’s risk management program is the systematic recording and evaluation and thus the
conscious and controlled handling of risks and opportunities in the company in order to identify unfavorable
developments at an early stage and to take prompt action to mitigate and actively monitor identified risks.
Jumia’s risk management program focuses on those activities that are important for Jumia’s future earnings
and future business operations.
Our risk management system includes processes for identification, assessment, management and
mitigation, monitoring, reporting and documentation of risks. These processes are designed centrally and
implemented across the Group, and are described more fully below:
Risk identification. Risks are identified and recorded periodically as part of our ongoing risk
management and internal audit processes.
Risk assessment. The company conducts a risk assessment of identified risks according to the
potential impact and the probability of occurrence. The probability assessment is based on a
time horizon of one or two years after the assessment date. Risks are assessed on a gross risk
basis (before mitigation measures are in place) and a net risk basis (considering mitigation
measures already existing).
16
Risk management and implementation of mitigation procedures. Identification of early
warning indicators and threshold values, determination of mitigation tactics and procedures and
definition of communication lines for ongoing and ad hoc reporting.
Risk monitoring. The company continually monitors identified risks to ensure the
implementation of the mitigation measures as well as the systematic recording and reporting of
identified risks.
Risk reporting to the Management Board and Supervisory Board. Risk reporting is subdivided
into standard reporting as part of regular risk management and ad hoc reporting in the event of
sudden risks that have a significant impact on the assets, financial position and results of
operations.
Documentation. Jumia has implemented a system, with its internal audit department, to
document and record each identified risk and to monitor mitigation efforts.
All existing risks are divided into five risk levels according to the estimated impact of the risk (Severe,
Material, Important, Moderate and Minor). The level of the risk was determined on the basis of the
estimated impact on our operations, financial performance, profitability and cash flows. Each identified
risk is also evaluated and assigned an estimated likelihood of occurrence (Expected, Highly Likely, Likely,
Not Likely, Remote).
The risk assessment assigns each identified risk into a risk class (Critical, Very High, High, Medium, Low)
described in the following matrix:
Likelihood of Occurrence
Remote
Not Likely
Likely
Highly Likely
Expected
• Occurs in
exceptional
circumstances
or in the distant
future
• 0% - 4.9%
likelihood of
occurrence
• A small
chance of
occurring
• 5% - 24.9%
likelihood of
occurrence
• Occurs from
time to time
• 25% - 49.9%
likelihood of
occurrence
• Highly likely
occur in the
near future
• 50% - 74.9%
likelihood of
occurrence
• Expected to
occur in the
near future
• 75% - 100%
likelihood of
occurrence
s
l
e
v
e
L
t
c
a
p
m
I
Severe
Medium
Material
Medium
High
High
Important
Low
Medium
Very High
Critical
Critical
High
High
Very High
Critical
High
Very High
Moderate
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
High
Minor
Low
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
The risk matrix facilitates the comparison of each risk’s relative priority and increases transparency of our
overall risk exposure. The classification of risks from “low” to “critical” is used to determine the required
priority of remediation actions as described in the chart below.
17
Risk
Classification
Critical
Very High
High
Action Priority
Immediate risk mitigation plan required as risk has materialized or is imminent
Defined alternative plans and mitigation procedures also need to be in place
Risk action plan must be developed and approved
Defined alternative plans and mitigation procedures also need to be in place
Risk action plan must be developed and approved
Contingency plans and procedures must also be in place
Medium
Additional controls to be considered to reduce the level of risk
Low
Manage within routine procedures
Risks were managed centrally for the entire Jumia Group in 2019. The continuous updating and further
development of risk management represents an ongoing management task that is pursued with high priority.
3.2.2 Key features of the accounting-related internal control and risk management system
In the light of the major impact of the internal control and risk management system, the Jumia management
board has decided to include the information called for under Section 289 (4) HGB in the consolidated
financial statements on a voluntary basis.
The objective of the accounting-related internal control and risk management system is to ensure the
regularity of the financial reporting in the sense of the consolidated financial statements and the group
management report being in compliance with all pertinent provisions.
The accountability for setting up and effective maintenance of reasonable controls over the financial
reporting lies with the Jumia management board, which assesses the reasonableness and effectiveness of
the control system as of every fiscal year end.
The framework for drawing up the consolidated financial statements is formed in the main by the group-
wide uniform accounting policies, which are consistently applied by all group companies. New statutes,
accounting standards and other official pronouncements are routinely analysed for their relevance and
effects on the consolidated financial statements and the group management report. As and when required,
accounting policies are adapted accordingly.
The data basis for drawing up the consolidated financial statements is formed by the accounting information
reported by Jumia and its subsidiaries, which in turn is based on the postings entered at the company level.
The reported accounting information is used to draw up group financial statements in the consolidation
system. The consolidation adjustments and also the monitoring of compliance with concept and deadline
requirements are carried out at the group level.
The steps to be carried out for drawing up the consolidated financial statements are subjected to both manual
and also system-based checks at all levels. This involves automating the accounting information supplied
and checking it for accounting-specific relationships and consistency.
The employees deployed in the accounting process are checked for their technical competence and undergo
regular training. Every level applies the fundamental approach of the »two-heads principle«. In addition,
the accounting information at every level has to pass through certain release processes. Other control
mechanisms include target-actual comparisons and analyses of the content composition and changes in
18
individual items, not only for the accounting information reported by group units but also the consolidated
financial statements.
Access authorisations are defined in the accounting-related IT systems so as to ensure that accounting-
related data are protected against unauthorised access, use and changes. Every company included in the
consolidated financial statements is subject to the centrally specified rules for information security. This
helps to ensure that users of such IT systems only have access to information and systems which they need
to carry out their tasks.
The supervisory board is likewise involved in the control system via the audit committee. The audit
committee monitors in particular the accounting process, the effectiveness of the control system, the risk
management system and the auditing. In addition, it is responsible for reviewing the records for Jumia’s
individual and consolidated financial statements; and it discusses the consolidated financial statements and
the group management reports with the management board and the auditor.
As with the risk management system, the group-wide accounting-related control system was still being set
up in fiscal year 2019.
3.2.3 Risks
The risks described below are among the highest risks identified in our risk assessment program. All of
the risks described below are deemed to be either “Critical” or “Very High”. You may also refer to our
Annual Report on Form 20-F, filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on
April 3, 2020, for a detailed discussion of risks that may affect our business. It is available on the SEC’s
website at www.sec.gov/edgar and on our website at investor.jumia.com.
We assign risks to each of the following critical risk areas:
Strategic and Operational
Technology
Political, Legal and Compliance
Financial and Reporting
The critical risk area of each “Critical” or “Very High” risk is described in the chart below and each risk is
described in detail in the text that follows.
Risk
We have incurred significant losses since inception and there is
no guarantee that we will achieve or sustain profitability in the
future.
We face risks related to health epidemics and other outbreaks
such as COVID-19, which could significantly disrupt our
supply chain, disrupt our operations and negatively affect our
development.
We may experience malfunctions or disruptions of our
technology systems and cybersecurity breaches.
Many of our countries of operation are, or have been,
characterized by political instability or changes in regulatory
or other government policies.
Failure to deal effectively with any fraud perpetrated and
fictitious transactions conducted on our platform could harm
our business.
Critical Risk Area
Classification
Strategic and Operational
Critical
Strategic and Operational
Critical
Technology
Critical
Political, Legal and
Compliance
Very High
Strategic and Operational
Very High
We face competition, which may intensify.
Strategic and Operational
Very High
If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of
internal controls over financial reporting, we may be unable to
Financial and Reporting
Very High
19
accurately report our results of operations, meet our reporting
obligations or prevent fraud.
If we are unable to accurately assess our performance through
certain key performance indicators, this may adversely affect
our ability to determine and implement appropriate strategies.
Strategic and Operational
Very High
Our platform may be exposed to money laundering and
terrorist financing risk.
Our business is subject to the general tax environment in the
countries in which we currently operate, and any changes to
this tax environment may increase our tax burden.
Political, Legal and
Compliance
Political, Legal and
Compliance
Very High
Very High
We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal
obligations related to privacy, data protection and information
security. If we are unable to comply with these, we may be
subject to governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines
and penalties or adverse publicity.
We may be subject to allegations and lawsuits concerning the
content of our platform or claiming that items listed on our
marketplace are counterfeit, pirated or illegal.
Required licenses, permits or approvals may be difficult to
obtain in the countries in which we currently operate, and once
obtained may be amended or revoked arbitrarily or may not be
renewed.
Political, Legal and
Compliance
Very High
Political, Legal and
Compliance
Very High
Political, Legal and
Compliance
Very High
We have incurred significant losses since inception and there is no guarantee that we will achieve or
sustain profitability in the future.
Our revenue is not sufficient to cover our operating expenses. Since we were founded in 2012, we have
not been profitable on a consolidated basis and we expect that our operating expenses will continue to
increase. If we cannot successfully generate revenue at a rate that exceeds the costs associated with our
business, we will not be able to achieve or sustain profitability or generate positive cash flow on a
sustained basis and our revenue growth rate may decline.
If we are not able to raise the required capital on economically acceptable terms, or at all, or if we fail to
project and anticipate our capital needs, we may be forced to limit or scale back our operations, which
may adversely affect our growth, business and market share and could ultimately lead to insolvency.
COVID-19 may also negatively affect our ability to raise additional capital, as our business results may
be negatively affected and as markets and investors may not be willing to invest in companies such as us.
To mitigate these risks, we have initiated a number of cost saving measures and are focused on cost
discipline and expense reductions across our business. We are planning further Sales & Advertising
expense efficiency as well as focusing on further G&A and staff cost reductions.
We face risks related to health epidemics and other outbreaks such as COVID-19, which could
significantly disrupt our supply chain, disrupt our operations and negatively affect our development.
Our business could be adversely impacted by the outbreak of epidemics or pandemics, such as COVID-
19. The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly negatively impacted our business in many ways:
As part of our cross-border business, we facilitate orders into Africa from international
sellers. The COVID-19 outbreak has disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, the operations
of these international sellers. For example, some of these sellers have been forced to
temporarily halt production, close their offices or suspend their services.
Many of our local sellers depend on imported products. The reactions to the COVID-19
pandemic have posed challenges for our sellers to source products and raw materials.
Certain of our sellers and restaurant venders on our platform may be forced to shut down
and may go out of business which may negatively impact our results.
20
The COVID-19 pandemic has already negatively impacted consumer sentiment in many of
our countries of operation, which has led to a reduction in discretionary spending. While we
may benefit from a shift from offline to online trade, there can be no assurance that the
effects of this shift will outweigh the negative impact caused by a change in consumer
sentiment.
Any fears among consumers that COVID-19 could be transmitted through goods shipped by
us, reduced consumer spending on discretionary items or the economic consequences of
administrative measures to limit the spreading of COVID-19 may significantly negatively
affect our sales.
We may incur increased operating costs as we adapt to new demands of operating during the
term of the pandemic and we may experience disruptions to our operations including to
implement enhanced employee safety procedures.
We have been required to temporarily shut down our fulfilment center in South Africa. Any
further forced or voluntary shut downs of business operations, or other intervention in our
business by police and government authorities, in any of the geographies in which we have
operations may negatively affect our ability to do business, operate our fulfilment centers,
serve our customers and fulfill our administrative tasks.
As a result, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have adversely affected, and may continue to
adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Further, COVID-19
may lead to unrest, instability and crisis in our countries of operation, which may further impact
negatively our business. To mitigate the impact of the pandemic on our business, we are implementing
plans to reduce our expenses, including through a review of our size of operations and of the
remuneration of our work force, and have taken steps to protect our employees, consumers and other
partners.
We may experience malfunctions or disruptions of our technology systems and cybersecurity breaches.
We rely on a complex technology platform and technology systems to operate our websites and apps.
While we analyze our technology systems regularly, we may not be able to correctly assess their
susceptibility to errors, hacking or viruses. Our systems may experience service interruptions or
degradation because of hardware and software defects or malfunctions, computer denial-of-service and
other cyberattacks, human error, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, natural disasters, power losses,
disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks,
computer viruses, or other events. Our systems are also subject to break-ins, sabotage and intentional acts
of vandalism. Some of our systems are not fully redundant, and our disaster recovery planning is not
sufficient for all eventualities. To mitigate the risk of malfunctions or disruptions of our technology
systems, we continue to invest in the build of an adequate business continuity infrastructure and would
work with third parties to fix any malfunction or to address any other disruption in the event that we lack
internal resources to do so We collect, maintain, transmit and store personal data and other sensitive
information, proprietary information and business secrets through our websites, apps and other
technology systems. We employ third-party service providers that store, process and transmit such
information on our behalf, in particular payment details. Furthermore, we rely on encryption and
authentication technology licensed from third parties to securely transmit sensitive and confidential
information. We take steps such as the use of password policies and firewalls to protect data and we
undertake periodic reviews of our security practices.
Many of our countries of operation are, or have been, characterized by political instability or changes
in regulatory or other government policies.
Frequent and intense periods of political instability make it difficult to predict future trends in
governmental policies in our countries of operation. Governments in Africa frequently intervene in the
economies of their respective countries and occasionally make significant changes in policy and
regulations. Governmental actions have often involved, among other measures, nationalizations and
expropriations, price controls, currency devaluations, mandatory increases on wages and employee
benefits, capital controls and limits on imports. Our business, financial condition and results of operations
may be adversely affected by changes in government policies or regulations, including such factors as
exchange rates and exchange control policies, inflation control policies, price control policies, consumer
protection policies, import duties and restrictions, liquidity of domestic capital and lending markets,
21
electricity rationing, tax policies, including tax increases and retroactive tax claims, and other political,
diplomatic, social and economic developments in or affecting the countries where we operate. In the
future, the level of intervention by African governments may continue to increase, including in response
to the COVID-19 pandemic. To seek to mitigate this risk, we engage with our regulators on matters
relevant to our business proactively and constructively. We believe that the distribution of our operations
across 11 countries in Africa also helps to avoid excessive concentration of political risk in any single
state.
Failure to deal effectively with any fraud perpetrated and fictitious transactions conducted on our
platform could harm our business.
We face risks with respect to fraudulent activities on our platform. Given the countries in which we
operate, the number of participants on our platform and the fragmentation of our business, it is a
challenge to anticipate, detect and address fraudulent activities. We have implemented various measures
to detect and reduce the occurrence of fraudulent activities on our platform, and we continually
implement measures designed to prevent fraud similar to instances we have experiences in the past. As
part of our normal business, we continually take steps to strengthen our control environment and enhance
our transaction monitoring procedures.
We face competition, which may intensify.
As the e-commerce business model is relatively new in the markets in which we operate, competition for
market share may intensify significantly. Current competitors, such as Souq.com (a company affiliated
with Amazon) and noon in Egypt, Konga in Nigeria or Takealot and Superbalist, which are both part of
the Naspers group, in South Africa, may seek to intensify their investments in those markets and also
expand their businesses in new markets. We also face competition for on-demand services from
companies such as Glovo, UberEast and OFood while in digital services we face competition from
companies such as OPay and PalmPay and some traditional financial institutions. In addition, new
competitors may emerge, or global e-commerce companies, such as Amazon, Asos or Alibaba, which
already offer shipping services to certain African countries for a selection of products, may expand across
our markets, and such competitors may have greater access to financial, technological and marketing
resources than we do. We also face competition from transactions taking place through other platforms,
including via social media sites such as Instagram or Facebook. We monitor our competition closely in
all of our markets of operation and take steps to improve and continue to differentiate our platform from
the services offered by our competitors.
If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting,
we may be unable to accurately report our results of operations, meet our reporting obligations or
prevent fraud.
Prior to our initial public offering, we were a private company with limited accounting personnel and
other resources with which to address our internal control over financial reporting. Since our initial public
offering in 2019, we have been a public company in the United States subject to US law regarding
financial reporting and internal controls over financial reporting. Our reporting obligations may place a
significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable
future. To improve our control environment, and remediate two material weaknesses confirmed by our
management, we have taken steps including hiring additional employees with experience in public
company accounting, taking steps to improve our controls and procedures including incorporating
automated and software-based accounting tools, engaging third parties to support our internal resources
related to accounting and internal controls, implementing additional internal training for our accounting
and finance teams, investing in our finance IT systems and centralizing and increasing controls around
access control.
If we are unable to accurately assess our performance through certain key performance indicators,
this may adversely affect our ability to determine and implement appropriate strategies.
We assess the success of our business through a set of key performance indicators. Capturing accurate
data to calculate our key performance indicators may be difficult, in particular due to our limited
operating history, and there is no guarantee that the information we have collected thus far is accurate or
reliable. For example, we use consumer accounts to determine the number of Annual Active Consumers.
22
The number of consumer accounts may, however, be higher than the number of actual individual Annual
Active Consumers. GMV could be inflated due to weak or error-prone data collection processes,
fraudulent behavior by employees or independent sales consultants, or malicious seller or consumer
behavior. As a result, our key performance indicators may not reflect our actual operating or financial
performance and are not reliable indicators of our current or future revenue or profitability. Potential
investors should therefore not place undue reliance on these key performance indicators in connection
with an investment in our ADSs. The management of our business depends on our key performance
indicators and other indicators derived from them, and if any of these indicators are inaccurate, we may
make poor decisions. As we take steps to strengthen our internal controls over financial reporting, we are
implementing additional controls and oversight procedures applicable to the production of our key
performance indicators.
Our platform may be exposed to money laundering and terrorist financing risk.
We aim to comply with all applicable anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing laws and
regulations for preventing money laundering and terrorist financing. However, our policies and
procedures may not be completely effective in preventing other parties from using our platform, or any
financial institutions we collaborate with, as a conduit for money laundering (including illegal cash
operations) or terrorist financing without our knowledge. Although we take steps to diligence our sellers,
we cannot guarantee that our ecosystem is void of individuals and entities (collectively, “persons”) who
are the target of U.S. sanctions, including persons designated on the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s
Office of Foreign Assets Control’s Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List or other
international sanctions. We could be subject to liability and forced to change our JumiaPay business
practices if we were found to be subject to or in violation of any laws or regulations governing banking,
money transmission, tax regulation, anti-money laundering regulations or electronic funds transfers in any
country where we operate; or if new legislation regarding these issues were enacted in the countries
where JumiaPay operates. We are committed to building an effective financial crimes compliance
program and monitoring transactions to mitigate money laundering and terrorist financing risk.
Our business is subject to the general tax environment in the countries in which we currently operate,
and any changes to this tax environment may increase our tax burden.
Our business is subject to the general tax environment in the countries in which we currently operate. Our
ability to use tax loss carryforwards and other favorable tax provisions depends on national tax laws and
their interpretation in these countries. Changes in tax legislation, administrative practices or case law
could increase our tax burden and such changes might even occur retroactively. Furthermore, tax laws
may be interpreted differently by the competent tax authorities and courts, and their interpretation may
change at any time, which could lead to an increase of our tax burden. For example, in a number of
countries, tax authorities seek to characterize income from the provision of services as royalties under
their domestic legislation and/or tax treaties, which would lead to the imposition of withholding tax and
may significantly increase our tax burden. In addition, legislators and tax authorities have changed or may
change territoriality rules or their interpretation for the application of value-added tax (“VAT”) on cross
border services, which could lead to significant additional payments for past and future periods. In some
of the countries in which we currently operate, tax authorities may also use the tax system to advance
their agenda and may exercise their discretion in ways that may be perceived as selective or arbitrary, or
in a manner that could be seen as being influenced by political or commercial considerations.
Accordingly, we may face unfounded tax claims in such countries. We actively monitor developments in
tax law and regulation in each of our countries of operation.
We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, data
protection and information security. If we are unable to comply with these, we may be subject to
governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity.
We collect personally identifiable information and other data from our consumers and prospective
consumers. We use this information to provide services and relevant products to our consumers, to
support, expand and improve our business, and to tailor our marketing and advertising efforts. We may
also share consumers’ personal data with certain third parties as authorized by the consumer or as
described in our privacy policy. As a result, we are subject to governmental regulation and other legal
obligations related to the protection of personal data, privacy and information security in certain countries
where we do business, and there has been, and we expect there will continue to be, a significant increase
23
globally in laws that restrict or control the use of personal data. For example, in Europe, the data privacy
and information security regime recently underwent a significant change, continues to evolve, and is
subject to increasing regulatory scrutiny. The General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which came
into force on May 25, 2018, implemented more stringent operational requirements for the use of personal
data. These more stringent requirements include expanded disclosures to inform consumers about the use
of personal data, increased controls on profiling consumers and increased rights for consumers to access,
control and delete their personal data. In addition, there are mandatory data breach notification
requirements and significantly increased penalties of the greater of €20 million or 4% of global turnover
for the preceding financial year.
Additionally, the regulatory landscape surrounding data protection, data privacy and information security
is rapidly changing across Africa. Among the African countries in which we operate, Ivory Coast, Ghana,
Senegal, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda and Tunisia have established comprehensive
data protection and data privacy laws or regulations. These data protection laws and regulations were only
recently enacted. Compliance with the various data protection laws in Africa is challenging due to the
complex and sometimes contradictory nature of the different regulatory regimes. Because data protection
regulations are not uniform among the various African nations in which we operate, our ability to transmit
consumer information across borders is limited by our ability to comply with conditions and restrictions
that vary from country to country. In countries with particularly strict data protection laws, we might not
be able to transmit data out of the country at all and may be required to host individual servers in each
such country where we collect data. For example, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Senegal, Morocco, Nigeria,
Kenya, Uganda and Tunisia all restrict data transfer across borders. Ghana, Kenya, Uganda and South
Africa also require that a company notify consumers in the event of a personal data breach.
Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with rapidly evolving privacy or security laws, policies,
legal obligations or industry standards or any security incident that results in the unauthorized release or
transfer of personally identifiable information or other consumer data may result in governmental
enforcement actions, litigation (including consumer class actions), criminal prosecution, fines and
penalties or adverse publicity and could cause our consumers to lose trust in us, which could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We
actively monitor developments in data protection law and enforcement in each of our countries of
operation.
We may be subject to allegations and lawsuits concerning the content of our platform or claiming that
items listed on our marketplace are counterfeit, pirated or illegal.
We operate a marketplace where sellers can offer their goods and directly contact our consumers.
Consumers or regulatory authorities may allege that items offered or sold through our marketplace
infringe third-party copyrights, trademarks and patents or other intellectual property rights, are pirated or
illegal or violate consumer protection laws or regulations. In the event that alleged counterfeit, pirated,
illegal or infringing goods are listed or sold on our marketplace, we could face claims for such listings,
sales or alleged infringement or for our failure to act in a timely or effective manner to restrict or limit
such sales or infringement. If a governmental authority determines that we have aided and abetted the
infringement or sale of counterfeit, pirated or illegal goods, we could face regulatory, civil or criminal
penalties. Successful claims by third-party rights owners could require us to pay substantial damages or
refrain from permitting any further listing of the relevant items. In addition, the public perception that
counterfeit, pirated or illegal items are commonplace on our marketplace or perceived delays in our
removal of these items, even if factually incorrect, could damage our reputation, result in lower list prices
for goods sold through our marketplaces, deter sellers, consumers and brands from doing business via our
platform, harm our business, result in regulatory pressure or action against us and diminish the value of
our brand. We have adopted certain measures to verify the authenticity of goods sold on our marketplaces
(for example, content verification for new sellers or for sellers who sell goods at prices that seem too low
for genuine goods, and regular screening of items on our marketplace against a “watch list” of terms) to
minimize potential violations and/or infringement of third-party intellectual property rights.
Required licenses, permits or approvals may be difficult to obtain in the countries in which we
currently operate, and once obtained may be amended or revoked arbitrarily or may not be renewed.
Given our diversified offering of goods and services, we require numerous approvals and licenses from
national, regional, and local governmental or regulatory authorities in the countries in which we currently
24
operate. For example, we may be required to obtain licenses to be able to continue offering or expand
certain of our payment solutions or lending services, and there can be no assurance that we will obtain any
such licenses in a timely manner or at all. Even if obtained, licenses are subject to review, interpretation,
modification or termination by the relevant authorities. Any unfavorable interpretation or modification or
any termination of a required license may significantly harm our operations in the relevant country or may
require us to close down parts or all of our operations in the relevant country. We may seek to acquire
payment service provider or other licenses related to our JumiaPay services, including by acquiring licensed
entities, and any license we may acquire will be subject to review, interpretation, modification or
termination by the relevant authorities and will subject our business to oversight and compliance obligations
that we may not be able address in a timely manner. To mitigate these risks, we actively monitor our licenses
in each of our operating countries and continue to invest in compliance programs including to meet the
regulatory standards that will apply to us should we acquire direct licenses related to JumiaPay.
3.3
Opportunities report
Jumia is the leading pan-African e-commerce platform. Our platform consists of our marketplace, which
connects sellers with consumers, our logistics service, which enables the shipment and delivery of
packages from sellers to consumers, and our payment service, which facilitates transactions among
participants active on our platform in selected markets.
We are active in three regions in Africa, which consist of 11 countries that together accounted for
approximately 70% of Africa’s GDP of €2.2 trillion in 2019, according to estimates by the International
Monetary Fund. Though still nascent, we believe that e-commerce in Africa is well positioned to grow.
We intend to benefit from the expected growth of e-commerce in Africa through the investments that we
have made and the extensive local expertise that we have developed since our founding in 2012. Through
our operations, we have developed a deep understanding of the economic, technical, geographic and
cultural complexities that are unique to Africa, and which vary from country to country. We believe that
our deep understanding has enabled us to create solutions that address the needs and preferences of our
sellers and consumers in the most comprehensive and efficient way. We possess extensive local
knowledge of the logistics and payment landscapes in the markets in which we operate, which we
consider to be a key component of the success of our company. In addition, we take full advantage of the
mobile-centric aspects of the African market by having adopted a “mobile-first” approach in our product
development and marketing efforts, which allows us to expand the audience for our goods and services,
increase engagement and conversion and reduce our consumer acquisition costs.
On our marketplace, a large and diverse group of sellers offer goods in a wide range of categories, such as
fashion and apparel, smartphones, home and living, consumer packaged goods, beauty and perfumes and
other electronics. We also provide consumers a restaurant food delivery service, and payment services
such as airtime recharge. We believe that the number and quality of sellers on our marketplace, and the
breadth of their respective offerings, attract more consumers to our platform, increasing traffic and orders,
which in turn attracts even more sellers to Jumia, creating powerful network effects. Our marketplace
operates with limited inventory risk, as the goods sold by sellers via our marketplace are predominantly
sold by third-party sellers, meaning the cost of inventory remains with the seller. In 2019, the vast
majority of the items sold on our marketplace was offered by third-party sellers. To a limited extent, we
sell items directly in order to enhance consumer experience in key categories and regions.
Our logistics service, Jumia Logistics, facilitates the delivery of goods in a convenient and reliable way. It
consists of a large network of leased warehouses, pick up stations for consumers and drop-off locations
for sellers and a significant number of local third-party logistics service providers, whom we integrate and
manage through our proprietary technology, data and processes. In certain cities, where we believe it is
beneficial to enhance our logistics service, we also operate our own last-mile fleet.
Traditionally, consumers across Africa rely on cash to transact. We have designed our payment service,
JumiaPay, to facilitate online transactions between participants on our platform, with the intention of
integrating additional financial services in the future. As of 31 December 2019, JumiaPay was available
in six markets: Nigeria, Egypt, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Morocco and Kenya.
Our payment service app, Jumia One, also allows consumers to complete online payments for a broad
range of every-day services offered by third-party providers, such as airtime recharge or utility payments,
25
as well as financial services such as micro-loans or savings products. Through Jumia Lending, our sellers
can access financing solutions provided by third-party financial institutions, leveraging data from the
sellers transactional activity on our platform for credit scoring purposes. We intend to continue expanding
the range of payment and financial services offered to both consumers and sellers as part of the Jumia
ecosystem, with a view to offering those services beyond our platform in the future.
Our operations benefit from centralized decision-making and a uniform technology platform coupled with
coordinated local presence. Our unified, scalable technology platform has been developed by our
technology and data team, which is predominantly located in Portugal. This technology platform covers all
relevant aspects of our operations, from data management, business intelligence, traffic optimization and
consumer engagement to infrastructure, logistics and payments. We constantly collect and analyze data to
help us optimize our operations, make our consumer experience more personal and relevant, and enable us,
selected sellers and logistics partners to make informed real-time decisions. Our local teams in each of our
countries of operations have access to, and may benefit from, the centralized data collection and analytics
and are empowered to use the insights gained from our platform in order to take action locally.
3.4.
Summary of the Group’s risk situation
The management believes that the critical risks that may impact our business have been recorded in the
context of our risk management program and that no risks, other than those identified in our risk assessment,
are currently discernible by Jumia that could endanger the continued existence of the Group.
4.
Declaration on corporate management / corporate governance report
Jumia exercises the opportunity to summarise the information required under Section 289f HGB in a
separate corporate governance report and to publish this on the Company’s homepage.
5.
Events after the balance sheet date
Concerning events after the balance sheet date we cite the reporting in the notes.
Berlin, April 28, 2020
The Management Board
Sacha Poignonnec
Jeremy Hodara
26
Jumia Technologies AG and subsidiaries
Group financial statement
Consolidated financial statement as of and for the years ended
December 31, 2019 and 2018
27
Independent auditor’s report
To: Jumia Technology AG
Opinions
We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Jumia Technologies AG and its subsidiaries (the
“Group” or the “Jumia”), which comprise the consolidated balance sheet as of 31 December 2019, the
consolidated income statement, the consolidated cash flow statement and the consolidated statement of
changes in equity for the fiscal year from 1 January to 31 December 2019, and the notes to the consolidated
financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. In addition, we have audited
the group management report of Jumia Technology AG for the fiscal year from 1 January to 31 December
2019.
In our opinion, on the basis of the knowledge obtained in the audit,
•
•
the accompanying consolidated financial statements comply, in all material respects, with IFRS, as
applied in the EU, and the additional requirements of § 315e Abs. 1 of the German commercial law
and give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities and financial position of the Group as of
31 December 2019 and of its financial performance for the fiscal year from 1 January to
31 December 2019 in compliance with German legally required accounting principles, and
the accompanying group management report as a whole provides an appropriate view of the Group’s
position. In all material respects, this group management report is consistent with the consolidated
financial statements, complies with German legal requirements and appropriately presents the
opportunities and risks of future development.
Pursuant to Sec. 322 (3) Sentence 1 HGB, we declare that our audit has not led to any reservations relating
to the legal compliance of the consolidated financial statements and of the group management report.
Basis for the opinions
We conducted our audit of the consolidated financial statements and of the group management report in
accordance with Sec. 317 HGB and in compliance with German Generally Accepted Standards for
Financial Statement Audits promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer [Institute of Public Auditors
in Germany] (IDW). Our responsibilities under those requirements and principles are further described in
the “Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and of the group
management report” section of our auditor’s report. We are independent of the group entities in accordance
with the requirements of German commercial and professional law, and we have fulfilled our other German
professional responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we
have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinions on the consolidated financial
statements and on the group management report.
Responsibilities of the executive directors and the supervisory board for the consolidated financial
statements and the group management report
The executive directors are responsible for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements that
comply, in all material respects, with the requirements of German commercial law, and that the annual
financial statements give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and financial
28
performance of the Group in compliance with German legally required accounting principles. In addition,
the executive directors are responsible for such internal control as they, in accordance with German legally
required accounting principles, have determined necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the executive directors are responsible for assessing the
Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. They also have the responsibility for disclosing, as
applicable, matters related to going concern. In addition, they are responsible for financial reporting based
on the going concern basis of accounting, provided no actual or legal circumstances conflict therewith.
Furthermore, the executive directors are responsible for the preparation of the group management report
that, as a whole, provides an appropriate view of the Group’s position and is, in all material respects,
consistent with the consolidated financial statements, complies with German legal requirements, and
appropriately presents the opportunities and risks of future development. In addition, the executive directors
are responsible for such arrangements and measures (systems) as they have considered necessary to enable
the preparation of a group management report that is in accordance with the applicable German legal
requirements, and to be able to provide sufficient appropriate evidence for the assertions in the group
management report.
The supervisory board is responsible for overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process for the
preparation of the consolidated financial statements and of the group management report.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and of the group
management report
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a
whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and whether the group
management report as a whole provides an appropriate view of the Group’s position and, in all material
respects, is consistent with the consolidated financial statements and the knowledge obtained in the audit,
complies with the German legal requirements and appropriately presents the opportunities and risks of
future development, as well as to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinions on the consolidated
financial statements and on the group management report.
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in
accordance with Sec. 317 HGB and in compliance with German Generally Accepted Standards for
Financial Statement Audits promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer (IDW) will always detect a
material misstatement. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if,
individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of
users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements and this group management report.
We exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
•
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements and
of the group management report, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures
responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a
basis for our opinions. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is
higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional
omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
29
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit of the consolidated financial
statements and of arrangements and measures (systems) relevant to the audit of the group
management report in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of these systems.
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used by the executive directors and the
reasonableness of estimates made by the executive directors and related disclosures.
Conclude on the appropriateness of the executive directors’ use of the going concern basis of
accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related
to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going
concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in the
auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements and in the group
management report or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our respective opinions. Our
conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However,
future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to be able to continue as a going concern.
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements,
including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements present the underlying
transactions and events in a manner that the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair
view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and financial performance of the Group in
compliance with German legally required accounting principles.
Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or
business activities within the Group to express opinions on the consolidated financial statements and
on the group management report. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance
of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinions.
Evaluate the consistency of the group management report with the consolidated financial statements,
its conformity with German law, and the view of the Group’s position it provides.
Perform audit procedures on the prospective information presented by the executive directors in the
group management report. On the basis of sufficient appropriate audit evidence we evaluate, in
particular, the significant assumptions used by the executive directors as a basis for the prospective
information, and evaluate the proper derivation of the prospective information from these
assumptions. We do not express a separate opinion on the prospective information and on the
assumptions used as a basis. There is a substantial unavoidable risk that future events will differ
materially from the prospective information.
30
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal
control that we identify during our audit.
Berlin, 28 April 2020
Ernst & Young GmbH
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
Glöckner
Marsel
Wirtschaftsprüfer
Wirtschaftsprüfer
[German Public Auditor] [German Public Auditor]
31
Table of contents
Consolidated financial statements
Consolidated statements of financial position.................................................................................... 34
Consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) ...................................... 35
Consolidated statement of changes in equitiy .................................................................................... 36
Consolidated statements of cash flows ............................................................................................... 37
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Corporate information.................................................................................................... 38
Summary of significant accounting polices ................................................................... 38
Significant accounting estimates judgments and assumptions in applying accounting
policies .............................................................................................................................. 48
New accounting pronouncements .................................................................................. 51
Group Information ......................................................................................................... 55
Material partly-owned subsidiaries ............................................................................... 58
Property and Equipment ................................................................................................ 60
Inventories ....................................................................................................................... 61
Cash and cash equivalents .............................................................................................. 61
Term Deposits .................................................................................................................. 62
Trade and other receivables ........................................................................................... 62
Prepaid expense and other current assets ..................................................................... 63
Share capital and share premium .................................................................................. 63
Other Reserves ................................................................................................................ 64
Share-based compensation ............................................................................................. 64
Trade and other payables ............................................................................................... 69
Borrowings ....................................................................................................................... 69
Other taxes payable & Other taxes receivable ............................................................. 70
Provisions for liabilities and other charges ................................................................... 71
Deferred income .............................................................................................................. 71
Revenue ............................................................................................................................ 72
Fulfillment expense ......................................................................................................... 72
Sales and advertising expense ........................................................................................ 72
Technology and content expense .................................................................................... 72
General and administrative expense ............................................................................. 73
Finance income and finance costs .................................................................................. 73
Income tax ........................................................................................................................ 73
Earnings per share .......................................................................................................... 74
Transactions and balances with related parties ........................................................... 75
Fair Values of Financial Instruments ............................................................................ 76
32
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
Financial risk management objectives and policies ..................................................... 76
Reclassification and restatement of comparative figures ............................................ 79
Commitments and contingencies ................................................................................... 79
Audit fees ......................................................................................................................... 80
Subsequent events ........................................................................................................... 80
Release from the provisions of sec. 264a (1) HGB according to sec. 264b HGB ........ 81
Staff costs and employees ............................................................................................... 81
33
JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019
AND 2018
In thousands of EUR
Assets
Non-current assets
Property and equipment
Intangible assets
Deferred tax assets
Other non-current assets
Total Non-current assets
Current assets
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Income tax receivables
Other taxes receivable
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Term deposits
Cash and cash equivalents
Total Current assets
Total Assets
Equity and Liabilities
Equity
Share capital
Share premium
Other reserves
Accumulated losses
Equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company
Non-controlling interests
Total Equity
Liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Non-current borrowings
Provisions for liabilities and other charges
Deferred income
Total Non-current liabilities
Current liabilities
Current borrowings
Trade and other payables
Income tax payables
Other taxes payable
Provisions for liabilities and other charges
Deferred income
Total Current liabilities
Total Liabilities
Total Equity and Liabilities
As of
December 31 December 31
2019
2018
Restated
Note
7
8
11
18
12
10
9
13
13
14
17
19
20
17
16
4
18
19
20
17,434
47
109
1,508
19,098
9,996
16,936
725
5,395
12,593
62,418
170,021
278,084
297,182
5,020
180
175
1,263
6,638
9,431
13,034
726
4,172
7,384
—
100,635
135,382
142,020
156,816
1,018,276
104,114
(1,096,134)
183,072
(498)
182,574
133
845,787
66,093
(862,048)
49,965
(117)
49,848
6,127
226
1,201
7,554
3,056
56,438
10,056
4,473
27,040
5,991
107,054
114,608
297,182
—
389
—
389
—
47,292
10,882
7,425
19,692
6,492
91,783
92,172
142,020
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
34
JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(LOSS)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019, 2018 AND 2017
For the year ended
December 31 December 31 December 31
In thousands of EUR
Revenue
Cost of revenue
Gross profit
Fulfillment expense
Sales and advertising expense
Technology and content expense
General and administrative expense
Other operating income
Other operating expense
Operating loss
Finance income
Finance costs
Loss before Income tax
Income tax expense
Loss for the year
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company
Non-controlling interests
Loss for the year
Other comprehensive income/(loss) to be classified to
profit or loss in subsequent periods
Exchange differences (gain/loss) on translation of foreign
operations - net of tax
Other comprehensive income / (loss) on net investment in
foreign operations - net of tax
Other comprehensive loss
Total comprehensive loss for the year
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company
Non-controlling interests
Total comprehensive loss for the year
Earnings per share (EPS) in EUR:
Basic, Loss for the year attributable to ordinary equity
holders of the parent
Diluted, Loss for the year attributable to ordinary equity
holders of the parent
Note
21
22
23
24
25
26
26
27
2019
160,408
84,506
75,902
77,392
56,019
27,272
144,525
1,929
496
(227,873)
3,959
2,576
(226,490)
575
(227,065)
2017
Restated
2018
Restated
129,058
84,849
44,209
50,466
46,016
22,432
94,925
172
277
93,054
65,825
27,229
34,436
36,944
20,586
89,050
1,313
2,193
(169,735) (154,667)
2,282
1,517
(169,494) (153,902)
11,456
(170,381) (165,358)
1,590
1,349
887
(226,689)
(376)
(227,065)
(170,071) (161,579)
(3,779)
(170,381) (165,358)
(310)
(19,449)
(9,312)
47,834
20,179
730
(226,335)
9,072
(240)
(48,367)
(533)
(170,621) (165,891)
(225,959)
(376)
(226,335)
(170,247) (163,180)
(2,711)
(170,621) (165,891)
(374)
28
28
(1.61)
(1.79)
(1.70)
(1.52)
(1.68)
(1.65)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
35
JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019, 2018 AND 2017
Attributable to equity holders of the Company
In thousands of EUR
As of January 1, 2017
Loss for the year
Other comprehensive loss
Total comprehensive loss for
the year
Capital contribution
Share-based payments
Derecognition of loan from Rocket
Change in Non-controlling interests
As of December 31, 2017
Loss for the year
Other comprehensive loss
Total comprehensive loss for
the year
Capital contribution (Note 13)
Share-based payments (Note 15)
Buy back of shares from non-
controlling interests
Change in Non-controlling interests
As of December 31, 2018
Loss for the year
Other comprehensive loss
Total comprehensive loss for
the year
Capital contribution (Note 13)
Share-based payments (Note 15)
Equity transaction costs
Change in Non-controlling interests
As of December 31, 2019
Share
Capital
Share
premium
Accumulated
Other
reserves
133
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
133
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
133
—
—
—
156,683
—
509,802
—
—
—
120,000
—
—
—
629,802
—
—
—
215,985
—
—
—
845,787
—
—
—
172,489
—
—
156,816
—
1,018,276
losses
(499,474)
(161,579)
(161,579)
—
—
580
(17,222)
(677,695)
(170,071)
—
(170,071)
—
—
(350)
(13,932)
(862,048)
(226,689)
—
27,686
—
(1,601)
(1,601)
—
26,258
—
(1,426)
50,917
—
(176)
(176)
—
17,256
—
(1,904)
66,093
—
730
(226,689)
—
—
(7,357)
(40)
(1,096,134)
730
—
37,267
—
24
104,114
Non-
controlling
interests
Total
Equity
(31,728)
(3,779)
1,068
(2,711)
—
—
31
18,640
(15,768)
(310)
(64)
6,419
(165,358)
(533)
(165,891)
120,000
26,258
611
(8)
(12,611)
(170,381)
(240)
(374)
36
153
(170,621)
216,021
17,409
—
15,836
(117)
(376)
—
(376)
—
—
(5)
(498)
(350)
—
49,848
(227,065)
730
(226,335)
329,172
37,267
(7,357)
(21)
182,574
Total
38,147
(161,579)
(1,601)
(163,180)
120,000
26,258
580
(18,648)
3,157
(170,071)
(176)
(170,247)
215,985
17,256
(350)
(15,836)
49,965
(226,689)
730
(225,959)
329,172
37,267
(7,357)
(16)
183,072
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
36
JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019, 2018 AND 2017
For the year ended
December 31 December 31 December 31
Note
25
11, 25
8
15
In thousands of EUR
Loss before Income tax
Depreciation and amortisation of tangible and intangible
assets
Impairment losses on loans, receivables and other assets
Impairment losses on obsolete inventories
Share-based payment expense
Net (gain)/loss from disposal of tangible and intangible
assets
Impairment losses on investment in subsidiaries
Change in provision for other liabilities and charges
Cost related to write-off during mergers
Interest (income)/expenses
Net unrealized foreign exchange (gain)/loss
(Increase)/Decrease in trade and other receivables,
prepayments and VAT receivables
(Increase)/Decrease in inventories
Increase/(Decrease) in trade and other payables, deferred
income and VAT payables
Income taxes paid
Net cash flows used in operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
Purchase of intangible assets
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets
Payment for acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired
Interest received
Movement in other non-current assets
Placement of term deposits
Net cash flows used in investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings
Repayment of borrowings
Interest settled - financing
Repayment of lease interest
Repayment of lease liabilities
Equity transaction costs
Capital contributions
Buy back of shares from non-controlling interests
Net cash flows from financing activities
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash
equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
17
17
13
13
9
9
2019
(226,490)
2018
2017
(169,494) (153,902)
7,906
5,877
275
37,267
(149)
28
6,780
—
(682)
(1,034)
2,166
4,436
288
17,409
1,637
3,270
1,084
26,258
52
—
5,324
—
(17)
(620)
(238)
—
6,905
26
(193)
(571)
(15,443)
(509)
(717)
(636)
(20,820)
(6,554)
4,880
(1,294)
(182,588)
4,606
(1,809)
26,695
(573)
(139,012) (116,976)
(5,658)
51
(109)
224
7
795
(295)
(62,716)
(67,701)
—
(9)
(22)
(1,176)
(3,769)
(7,357)
329,161
—
316,828
66,539
(3,508)
20
(27)
219
—
—
(337)
—
(3,633)
—
(2,244)
(142)
—
—
(2,150)
17
(103)
231
—
—
(576)
—
(2,581)
1,556
—
—
—
—
(350)
215,985 120,000
—
213,249 121,556
1,999
70,604
2,847
100,635
170,021
303
29,728
100,635
(2,060)
29,789
29,728
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
37
JUMIA TECHNOLOGIES AG
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019, 2018 AND 2017
1 Corporate information
The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes present the operations of Jumia
Technologies AG (the “Company” or “Jumia Tech”) and its subsidiaries (the “Group” or “Jumia”).
The Company was incorporated as Africa Internet Holding GmbH on June 26, 2012, and was transformed
into Jumia Technologies AG, a German stock corporation on January 31, 2019. The Company is domiciled
in Germany and has its registered office located at Charlottenstraße 4, 10969 Berlin. The Group operates
in e-commerce across the African continent.
In April 2019 Jumia Tech became a listed company on New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), under the
symbol JMIA, where 19.80% of total shares were listed, with initial value per share of 14.50 USD.
Jumia is the leading pan-African e-commerce platform. Jumia’s platform consists of a marketplace, which
connects sellers with consumers, a logistics service, which enables the shipping and delivery of packages
from sellers to consumers, and a payment service, which facilitates transactions among participants active
on Jumia’s platform.
The Group has incurred significant losses since its incorporation. According to its business plan, the Group
expects to continue generating losses in the coming years as it makes the necessary investments to grow its
business and extend its geographical footprint. The Group will therefore continue to require additional
funding either from existing or new shareholders.
The consolidated financial statements disclose all matters of which the Group is aware, and which are
relevant to the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, including all significant events and mitigating
factors. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis which assumes that the Group
will continue as a going concern, and which contemplates the recoverability of assets and the satisfaction
of the liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The Group has sufficient resources to
operate as a going concern for the next 12 months.
2 Summary of significant accounting policies
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are
set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise
stated.
a) Basis of preparation
The consolidated financial statements of the Group (“consolidated financial statements”) have been
prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the IASB.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for any financial
assets or liabilities and share based compensation plan, which have been measured at fair value. The
consolidated financial statements are presented in euros and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand
(€000), except when otherwise indicated.
b) Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its
subsidiaries. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting year as the
Company, using consistent accounting policies.
Subsidiaries are those investees that the Group controls because the Group (i) has power to direct relevant
activities of the investees that significantly affect their returns, (ii) has exposure, or rights, to variable
returns from its involvement with the investees, and (iii) has the ability to use its power over the investees
to affect the amount of investor’s returns. The existence and effect of substantive rights, including
substantive potential voting rights, are considered when assessing whether the Group has power over
38
another entity. For a right to be substantive, the holder must have practical ability to exercise that right
when decisions about the direction of the relevant activities of the investee need to be made. The Group
may have power over an investee even when it holds less than majority of voting power in an investee. In
such a case, the Group assesses the size of its voting rights relative to the size and dispersion of holdings
of the other vote holders to determine if it has de-facto power over the investee. Protective rights of other
investors, such as those that relate to fundamental changes of investee’s activities or apply only in
exceptional circumstances, do not prevent the Group from controlling an investee. The Group re-
assesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to
one or more of the three elements of control.
Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when
the Group loses control of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, revenue and expense of a subsidiary acquired
or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date the Group
gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary. A change in the ownership interest
of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction. If the Group loses control
over a subsidiary, it derecognizes the related assets, liabilities, non-controlling interest and other
components of equity, while any resultant gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss. As of December 31,
2019 and 2018, the Group consolidated 71 and 78 subsidiaries, respectively.
c) Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the consolidated statement of financial position based on
current/non-current classification. An asset is current when it is expected to be realized or intended to be
sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle, held primarily for the purpose of trading or expected to be
realized within twelve months after the reporting period. Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from
being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. All other
assets are classified as non-current. A liability is current when it is expected to be settled in the normal
operating cycle, it is held primarily for the purpose of trading, it is due to be settled within twelve months
after the reporting period, or there is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least
twelve months after the reporting period. All other liabilities as non-current.
d) Property and equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses.
Costs of minor repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred. The cost of replacing major parts or
components of property and equipment items are capitalized and the replaced part is written off.
Whenever events or changes in market conditions indicate a risk of impairment of property and equipment,
management estimates the recoverable amount, which is determined as the higher of an asset’s fair value
less costs to sell and its value in use. The carrying amount is reduced to the recoverable amount and the
impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss for the year.
39
Depreciation on items of property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over their
estimated useful lives, as follows:
Buildings
Transportation equipment
Technical equipment and machinery
Furniture and office equipment
Leasehold improvements
Useful life in years
Up to 40
5 to 8
3 to 10
5 to 15
Shorter of useful life and the term
of the underlying lease
The assets’ useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. A
recognized item of property and equipment and any significant part derecognized upon disposal (i.e., at the
date the recipient obtains control) or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal.
Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal
proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of operations when the asset is
derecognized.
e) Leases
Accounting policy applied in the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the
arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the
arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset (or assets) and the arrangement conveys a right to
use the asset (or assets), even if that asset is (or those assets are) not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Leases are classified as either finance or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all the risks and
rewards incidental to ownership of assets are accounted for as a finance lease, resulting in the recognition
of an asset and incurrence of a lease liability at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for
as operating leases wherein rental payments (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are recognized
in the statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Group had no finance leases
during 2018 and 2017.
Accounting policy applied since January 1, 2019 (Note 4):
The Group assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract
conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
The Group only acts as a lessee.
Group as a lessee
The Group applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term
leases and leases of low-value assets. The Group recognizes lease liabilities to make lease payments and
right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.
Right-of-use assets
The Group recognizes right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the
underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated
depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of
right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease
payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets
are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of
the assets, as follows:
Offices and Warehouses - 2 to 10 years
Motor vehicles and other equipment 2 to 6 years
40
Lease liabilities
At the commencement date of the lease, the Group recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value
of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including,
in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on
an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments
also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Group and
payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Group exercising the option to
terminate.
In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate at the
lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After
the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and
reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if
there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future
payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change
in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.
Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets
The Group applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of machinery and
equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and
do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to
leases of office equipment that are considered to be low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and
leases of low value assets are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
f) Intangible assets
The Group’s intangible assets have definite useful lives and primarily include capitalized software licenses.
Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and
impairment losses. Acquired software licenses and patents are capitalized on the basis of the costs incurred
to acquire and bring them to use.
Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful lives:
Acquired software licenses
Useful life in years
1 to 3
The amortization expense on intangible assets is recognized in the statement of operations in the expense
category that is consistent with the function of the intangible assets. If impaired, the carrying amount of
intangible assets is written down to the higher of value-in-use and fair value less costs to sell.
g) Financial instruments – initial recognition and subsequent measurement
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability
or equity instrument of another entity. Due to the short-term nature of our financial instruments the carrying
value approximates fair value.
Financial assets
The Group has financial assets in the form of bank deposits, trade notes and accounts receivable and other
receivables.
Initial recognition and subsequent measurement
The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash
flow characteristics and the Group’s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade
receivables that do not contain a significant financing component, the Group initially measures a financial
asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction
costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at the
transaction price determined under IFRS 15.
41
In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortized cost, cash flows need to arise as
‘solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)’ on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is
referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level.
Trade notes and accounts receivable are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective
interest rate method.
Impairment
The Group recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses (“ECLs”) applying the simplified method
permitted by IFRS 9 for trade receivables. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but
instead recognizes a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. Using the practical
expedient that is allowed by the standard, the Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its
historical credit loss experience for the past 2 years, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the
debtors and the economic environment, which will be adjusted every reporting date based on economic
conditions.
To calculate ECL, the group has calculated historical loss rates for the last 2 years for which data was
available, adjusted by a forward-looking factor of 10%, which incorporated several macroeconomic
elements such as the countries’ GDP, inflation and unemployment rates. The ECL charge is recognized
within General and administrative expense.
The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 90 days past due. However,
in certain cases, the Group may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external
information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before
taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there
is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows.
Financial liabilities
The Group has financial liabilities in the form of trade and other payables that are initially recognized at
fair value which primarily represents the original invoiced amount. They are subsequently measured at
amortized cost using the effective interest method. Trade and other payables are obligations to pay for
goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. A financial
liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled or expired.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated
statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts
and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
h) Impairment of non-financial assets
The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If
any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the
asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating-
unit’s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value-in-use. The recoverable amount is determined
for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those
from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable
amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
i) Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventory is determined on first-
in-first out basis (FIFO) method. The cost of inventory includes purchase costs and costs incurred to bring
the inventories to their present location and condition. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in
the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to
make the sale. Impairment losses, if any, due to obsolete materials and slow inventory movement have been
deducted from the carrying amount of the inventories.
42
j) Cash and cash equivalents and term deposits
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, and other short-term highly
liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, for which the risk of changes in value
is insignificant.
Term deposits are deposits placed with banks with an original maturity of more than three months and,
therefore, not included as ‘cash and cash equivalents’ in the statement of financial position and consolidated
statement of cash flows.
k) Value added tax
Output value added tax (“VAT”) related to sales is payable to tax authorities on the earlier of (a) collection
of receivables from consumers or (b) delivery of goods or services to consumers. Input VAT is generally
recoverable against output VAT upon receipt of the VAT invoice. VAT related to sales and purchases is
recognized in the statement of financial position on a gross basis and disclosed separately as an asset and
liability. Where a provision has been made for impairment of receivables, the gross amount of the debtor,
including VAT, is provided for.
l) Provisions
Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) because of a past
event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle
the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Group expects
some or all provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is
recognized as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain.
The expense relating to a provision is presented in the consolidated statement of operations and
comprehensive income (loss) net of any reimbursement. If the effect of the time value of money is material,
provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to
the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized
as a finance cost.
m) Foreign currency translation
Functional and presentation currencies
Amounts included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the
currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the functional currency’). The
consolidated financial statements are presented in Euros (EUR), which is the Group’s presentation
currency.
Transactions and balances
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Group’s entities at their respective functional
currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the
reporting date.
Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the
translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies
are recognized in the statement of operations within finance costs and finance income.
The Group considers that monetary long-term receivables or loans for which settlement is neither planned
nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future is, in substance, a part of the entity’s net investment in that
foreign operation. The related foreign exchange differences and income tax effect of the foreign exchange
differences are included in the exchange difference on net investment in foreign operations within equity.
In case of repayment, the Group has elected to maintain exchange differences in equity until disposal of the
foreign operation. On disposal of a foreign operation, the deferred cumulative amount recognized in equity
relating to that particular foreign operation is reclassified to the consolidated statement of comprehensive
income (loss).
43
The following tables present currency translation rates against the Euro for the Group’s most significant
operations.
Country
Algeria
Cameroon
Ivory Coast
Egypt
Ghana
Kenya
Morocco
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
South Africa
Tunisia
United Republic Of Tanzania
Uganda
United Arab Emirates
United States of America
Country
Algeria
Cameroon
Ivory Coast
Egypt
Ghana
Kenya
Morocco
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
South Africa
Tunisia
United Republic Of Tanzania
Uganda
United Arab Emirates
United States of America
Country
Algeria
Cameroon
Ivory Coast
Egypt
Ghana
Kenya
Morocco
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
South Africa
Tunisia
United Republic Of Tanzania
Uganda
United Arab Emirates
United States of America
Currency
Algerian Dinar (DZD)
CFA Franc BEAC (XAF)
CFA Franc BCEAO (XOF)
Egyptian Pound (EGP)
Cedi (Ghana) (GHS)
Kenyan Shilling (KES)
Moroccan Dirham (MAD)
Naira (NGN)
Rwanda Franc (RWF)
CFA Franc BCEAO (XOF)
Rand (ZAR)
Tunisian Dinar (TND)
Tanzanian Shilling (TZS)
Uganda Shilling (UGX)
UAE Dirham (AED)
US Dollars (USD)
2019
Average Rate Year-end Rate
133.06
655.96
655.96
17.96
6.38
112.54
10.61
404.90
1,042.62
655.96
15.75
3.12
2,558.61
4,078.89
4.12
1.12
133.22
655.96
655.96
18.80
5.98
113.01
10.69
402.40
1,005.63
655.96
16.15
3.22
2,573.85
4,115.60
4.11
1.12
Currency
Algerian Dinar (DZD)
CFA Franc BEAC (XAF)
CFA Franc BCEAO (XOF)
Egyptian Pound (EGP)
Cedi (Ghana) (GHS)
Kenyan Shilling (KES)
Moroccan Dirham (MAD)
Naira (NGN)
Rwanda Franc (RWF)
CFA Franc BCEAO (XOF)
Rand (ZAR)
Tunisian Dinar (TND)
Tanzanian Shilling (TZS)
Uganda Shilling (UGX)
UAE Dirham (AED)
US Dollars (USD)
2018
Average Rate Year-end Rate
135.02
655.96
655.96
20.46
5.55
115.77
10.89
415.46
995.64
655.96
16.46
3.35
2,625.28
4,226.75
4.20
1.14
137.24
655.96
655.96
21.00
5.51
118.63
11.04
424.60
1,006.49
655.96
15.60
3.09
2,678.57
4,373.73
4.34
1.18
Currency
Algerian Dinar (DZD)
CFA Franc BEAC (XAF)
CFA Franc BCEAO (XOF)
Egyptian Pound (EGP)
Cedi (Ghana) (GHS)
Kenyan Shilling (KES)
Moroccan Dirham (MAD)
Naira (NGN)
Rwanda Franc (RWF)
CFA Franc BCEAO (XOF)
Rand (ZAR)
Tunisian Dinar (TND)
Tanzanian Shilling (TZS)
Uganda Shilling (UGX)
UAE Dirham (AED)
US Dollars (USD)
2017
Average Rate Year-end Rate
137.13
655.96
655.96
21.26
5.42
122.47
11.18
426.92
1,001.13
655.96
14.80
2.94
2,676.82
4,329.02
4.40
1.20
124.87
655.96
655.96
20.12
4.95
114.99
10.81
375.90
930.62
655.96
15.02
2.71
2,491.24
4,036.54
4.15
1.13
44
Translation into presentation currency
On consolidation, the results and financial position of all the Group entities that have a functional currency
different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:
i.
ii.
Assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the
closing rate at the date of that statement of financial position;
Income and expense for each item of the statement of comprehensive income (loss) are
translated at average exchange rates;
All resulting exchange differences arising on translation for consolidation are recognized in other
comprehensive income.
n) Revenue from contracts with customers
The Group generates revenue primarily from commissions, sale of goods, fulfillment, marketing and
advertising, logistics, payment processing and provision of other services.
Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when control of the goods or services are transferred
to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled in
exchange for those goods or services.
The Group evaluates if it is a principal or an agent in a transaction to determine whether revenue should be
recorded on a gross or a net basis, which requires Management judgment. In performing their analysis, the
Group considers first whether it controls the goods before they are transferred to the customers and if it has
the ability to direct the use of the goods or obtain benefits from them. The Group also considers the
following indicators:
- The latitude in establishing prices and selecting suppliers
- The inventory risk borne by the Group before and after the goods have been transferred to the
customer
When the Group is primarily obliged in a transaction, subject to inventory risk, has, or has several but not
all of the indicators, the Group acts as principal and revenue is recorded on a gross basis. When the Group
is not the primary obligor, does not bear the inventory risk and does not have the ability to establish price,
the Group acts as agent and revenue is recorded on a net basis.
Revenue recognition policies for each type of revenue stream are as follows:
(1) Commissions
This revenue is related to the online selling platform which provides sellers the ability to sell goods
directly to consumers. In this case, Jumia generates a commission fee (normally a percentage of the
selling price) which is based on agreements with the sellers. Jumia’s performance obligation with respect
to these transactions is to arrange the transaction through the online platform, however the Group does not
have any discretion in setting the price of the goods to be sold, nor does it bear any inventory risk for the
goods to be shipped to the customer. As such, the Group is considered to be an agent in these transactions
and recognizes revenue on a net basis for the agreed upon commission at the point in time when the goods
or services are delivered to the end customer.
(2) Sales of goods
Revenue from sales of goods relates to transactions where Jumia acts directly as the seller, where it enters
into an agreement with a consumer to sell goods. These goods are sold for a fixed price as determined by
the Group and the Group bears the obligation to deliver those goods to the consumer. As such, the Group
is considered to be the principal in these transactions and recognizes sales on a gross basis for the selling
price at the point in time when the goods are delivered to the consumer. The delivery of the goods is not a
separate performance obligation, as the consumer cannot benefit from the goods without the delivery,
45
which must be performed by Jumia. Therefore, revenue for goods and delivery are recognized at a point
in time.
(3) Fulfillment
The Group provides certain fulfillment services to the sellers, and generally charges a “delivery fee” to
consumers. Fulfillment services provided to sellers are agreed contractually with each seller and
recognized according to the actual consumption of such services. The price for such fulfillment services
are defined at the time of purchase through the Jumia platform, and the Group has unilateral power in
establishing these fulfillment services. The Group is therefore the principal in these transactions and
fulfillment fees are recognized on a gross basis in revenue. The revenue from fulfillment services is
recognized at a point in time.
(4) Marketing and advertising
The Group provides advertising services to non-vendors, such as performance marketing campaigns,
placing banners on the Jumia platform or sending newsletters. The advertising services are contractually
agreed with the advertisers. As Jumia establishes pricing and is primarily obliged to deliver these
advertising services, revenue is recognized on a gross basis. The campaigns and banners can be run for a
short period as well as be spread over a year and are therefore recognized at a point in time or over the
period.
(5) Other services
The Group provides other services to its sellers for which it charges fees such as logistics services,
marketing services for marketplace sellers and packaging of products ahead of shipment. As Jumia
establishes pricing, revenue is recognized on a gross basis. Revenue for logistics is recognized over time as
the performance obligation is being performed while revenue for marketing services and packaging of
products is recognized when the respective service is completed.
Variable consideration
If the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the Group estimates the amount of
consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for transferring the goods to the customer. The
variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable that a
significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the
associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.
The Group uses the expected value method to estimate the variable consideration given the large number
of contracts that have similar characteristics. The Group then applies the requirements on constraining
estimates of variable consideration in order to determine the amount of variable consideration that can be
included in the transaction price and recognized as revenue. A refund liability is recognized for the goods
that are expected to be returned (i.e., the amount not included in the transaction price).
Cost to obtain a contract
The Group pays sales commission or fees to parties for each contract that they obtain. The Group applies
the optional practical expedient to immediately expense costs to obtain a contract if the amortization
period of the asset that would have been recognized is one year or less. As such, sales commissions and
fees are immediately recognized as an expense and included as part of marketing costs.
o) Fulfillment expense
Fulfillment expense represents those expenses incurred in operating and staffing the Group’s fulfillment
and consumer service centers, including expense attributable to procuring, receiving, inspecting, and
warehousing inventories and picking, packaging, and preparing consumer orders for shipment, including
packaging materials. Fulfillment expense also include expense relating to consumer service operations and
amounts paid to third parties who assist us in fulfillment and consumer service operations.
46
p) Sales and advertising expense
Sales and advertising expenses represent expenses associated with the promotion of our marketplace and
include online and offline marketing expenses, promotion of the brand through traditional media outlets,
certain expense related to our consumer acquisition and engagement activities and other expense associated
with our market presence.
q) Technology and content expense
Technology and content expenses consist principally of research and development activities, including
wages and benefits, for employees involved in application, production, maintenance, operation for new and
existing goods and services, as well as other technology infrastructure expense.
r) Employee benefits
Short-term benefits
Wages, salaries, paid annual leave and sick leave, bonuses, and other benefits (such as health services) are
accrued in the year in which the associated services are rendered by the employees of the Group.
s) Share-based compensation
The Group operates equity-settled share-based payment plans, under which directors and employees receive
a compensation in form of equity instrument or equity derivative of the Company or one of its subsidiaries
for the services provided. Awards are granted with service and/or performance vesting conditions.
The total amount to be expensed for services received is determined by reference to the grant date fair value
of the share-based payment award made. For share-based payment awards, we analyze whether the exercise
price paid (or payable) by a participant, if any, exceeds the estimated market price of the underlying equity
instruments at the grant date. Any excess of (i) the estimated market value of the equity instruments and
(ii) the exercise price results in share-based payment expense.
The excess of the fair value and the exercise price, as determined at the grant date is expensed as employee
benefits expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on management’s estimate of the
number of awards that will eventually vest, with a corresponding credit to equity. For awards with graded-
vesting features, each instalment of the award is treated as a separate grant (i.e., each instalment is separately
expensed over the related vesting period). Option awards issued by the Group are initially measured using
Black-Scholes valuation model on the grant date and are not subsequently re-measured.
No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately vest such as in the case of an award forfeited
by an employee due to failure to satisfy the vesting conditions. When an award is cancelled (other than by
forfeiture for failure to satisfy the vesting conditions) during the vesting period, it is treated as an
acceleration of vesting, and the entity recognizes immediately the amount that would otherwise have been
recognized for services received over the remainder of the vesting period. When an award is surrendered
by an employee (other than by forfeiture for failure to satisfy the vesting conditions), it is accounted for as
a cancellation.
When new equity instruments are granted during the vesting period of the currently vesting awards, and on
the date that they are granted, they are identified as replacement of the currently vesting awards, they are
treated as a modification. The incremental fair value of replacement awards is recognized over its vesting
period, and the replaced awards continue to be expensed as scheduled.
t) Income taxes
The income tax charge comprises of current tax and deferred tax and is recognized in profit or loss for
the year, unless it relates to transactions that are recognized directly in equity.
Current taxes are measured at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the taxation authorities
on the taxable profits or losses based on the prevailing tax rates on the reporting date and any adjustments
to taxes payable in previous years. Taxable profits or losses are based on estimates if financial statements
are authorized prior to filing relevant tax returns. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the
tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and
establishes provisions where appropriate.
47
The calculation of deferred taxes is based on the balance sheet liability method that refers to the temporary
differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts. The method of
calculating deferred taxes depends on how the asset’s carrying amount is expected to be realized and how
the liabilities will be paid. However, in accordance with the initial recognition exemption, deferred taxes
are not recorded for temporary differences on initial recognition of an asset or a liability in a transaction
other than a business combination if the transaction, when initially recorded, affects neither accounting nor
taxable profit. Deferred taxes are measured at tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the
reporting period. Deferred tax assets are offset against deferred tax liabilities if the taxes are levied by the
same taxation authority and the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against
current tax. Deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences and tax loss carry forwards are
recorded only to the extent that they are believed to be recoverable.
u) Segments
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief
operating decision-maker (CODM), which are the same figures as those presented in the statement of
operations. The chief operating decision maker is comprised of two Co-CEOs and the CFO. In the periods
presented, the Group had one operating and reportable segment, an e-Commerce platform. Although the e-
Commerce platform consists of different business platforms of the Group, the CODM makes decisions as
to how to allocate resources based on the long-term growth potential of the Company as determined by
market research, growth potential in regions, and various internal key performance indicators. The Group’s
geographical distribution of revenue and property and equipment was as follows:
Revenue
in thousands of EUR
West Africa(1)
North Africa(2)
East and South Africa(3)
Portugal
France
United Arab Emirates
Germany
Total
Property and equipment
in thousands of EUR
West Africa(1)
North Africa(2)
East and South Africa(3)
Portugal
United Arab Emirates
Germany
Total
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
44,934
28,434
16,808
2,067
623
—
188
93,054
65,655
36,947
25,947
509
—
—
—
129,058
68,919
57,238
32,839
43
—
49
1,320
160,408
As of
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
2,552
1,620
680
109
58
1
5,020
5,201
4,878
6,243
986
82
44
17,434
(1) West Africa covers Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Cameroon and Ghana.
(2) North Africa covers Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria.
(3) East and South Africa covers Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and South Africa.
3 Significant accounting estimates, judgments and assumptions in applying accounting
policies
The preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements requires its management to make
judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and
liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, including disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty
about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the
carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
48
Judgments
In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, management has made the following
judgments, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial
statements:
Consolidation of entities
In course of its operations, Jumia uses services from entities in which it does not hold the majority of the
voting rights. These entities are either:
-
-
operating services companies for the Group providing payroll and support services,
operating e-commerce services in countries where a local partner is required to hold majority
of the voting rights,
-
owned by group executive acting as de-facto agent for the Group.
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Group has determined that it controls these entities as it has power
over the investees, rights to variable returns and the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the
amount of these returns.
Determining the lease term of contracts with renewal and termination options – Group as
lessee
The Group determines the lease term as the non-cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods
covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered
by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised.
The Group has several lease contracts that include extension and termination options. The Group applies
judgement in evaluating whether it is reasonably certain whether or not to exercise the option to renew or
terminate the lease. That is, it considers all relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to
exercise either the renewal or termination. After the commencement date, the Group reassesses the lease
term if there is a significant event or change in circumstances that is within its control and affects its ability
to exercise or not to exercise the option to renew or to terminate (e.g., construction of significant leasehold
improvements or significant customisation to the leased asset)
Revenue from contracts with customers
The Group applied the following judgements that significantly affect the determination of the amount and
timing of revenue from contracts with customers:
Principal versus agent considerations
The Group enters into contracts where it acts as a seller and determines the price and bears the obligation
to deliver those goods to the consumer. Under these contracts, the Group determines that it controls the
goods before they are transferred to customers and hence is a principal. Additionally, in cases where the
group enters into transactions wherein it provides fulfillment and marketing services, it is obliged to deliver
the services as well as has the discretion to set the price, and hence is considered as a principal in such
transactions. In cases where the Group enters into a contract that provides the selling platform to vendors
to sell goods directly to consumers, the Group has no discretion in setting the price and has no inventory
risk and hence is considered as the agent in such transactions.
Estimates and assumptions
Uncertain tax positions
The application of tax rules to complex transactions is sometimes open to interpretation, both by the Group
and taxation authorities. Those interpretations of tax law that are unclear are generally referred to as
uncertain tax positions.
49
Uncertain tax positions are assessed and reviewed by management at the end of each reporting period.
Liabilities are recorded for tax positions that are determined by management as more likely than not to
result in additional taxes being levied if the positions were to be challenged by the tax authorities. The
assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of judgments about future events.
These judgments are based on the interpretation of tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted
by the end of the reporting period, and any known court or other rulings on such issues. Liabilities for
penalties, interest and taxes are recognized based on management’s best estimate of the expenditure
required to settle the obligations at the end of the reporting period. Management’s best estimate of the
amount to be provided is determined by their judgment and, in some cases, reports from independent
experts. Further details can be found in note 19.
Share-based compensation
For grants prior to July 1, 2017, the Group measured the fair value of its ordinary shares and the equity
value of each of its subsidiaries. The fair value of the Group’s ordinary shares as of each award grant date
was determined using the market approach based on external rounds of financing. The Group employed the
prior sale of company stock method to estimate its aggregate equity value, which considers any prior arm’s
length sales of the company’s equity securities. Considerations factored into the analysis include: the type
and amount of equity sold, the relationship of the parties involved, risk-free rate, the timing compared to
the ordinary shares valuation date and the financial condition and structure of the company at the time of
the sale. Throughout 2014, 2015 and 2016, the Group held a number of financing rounds which resulted in
the issuance of shares. The shares were transacted with existing and new investors, and therefore the Group
considered the pricing a strong indication of fair value. The equity value of each subsidiary was estimated
using the income approach, based on expected future cash flows. The future cash flows are discounted
using a weighted average cost of capital that takes into consideration the stage of development of the
business and the industry and geographies in which the Group operates.
For grants subsequent to July 1, 2017, but prior to May 10, 2019, the Group measured the fair value of its
ordinary shares and of its call options as follows: the fair value of the Group’s ordinary shares was based
on the income approach to estimate the equity value of the Group. The future cash flows are discounted
using a weighted average cost of capital that takes into consideration the stage of development of the
business in each of the countries in which the Group operates.
For grants subsequent to May 10, 2019 (grants after IPO), the fair value of share is derived based on the
value per ADS of Jumia Technologies AG traded on the New York Stock Exchange converted into Euro.
For all grants subsequent to July 1, 2017, the fair value of the Group’s call options is derived from the fair
value of the Group’s ordinary shares measured based on the Black-Scholes-Merton formula with the
underlying assumptions that:
- The options can be exercised only on the expiry date
- There are no taxes or transaction costs and no margin requirements
- The volatility of the underlying asset is constant and is defined as the standard deviation of the
continuously compounded rates of return on the share over a specified period
- The risk-free interest rate is relatively constant over time
This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including
the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield. These inputs, and the volatility
assumption in particular, are considered to be highly complex and subjective. Because the Group’s shares
had not been publicly traded before April 12th, 2019, it lacks sufficient company-specific historical and
implied volatility information for its shares. Therefore, it estimates expected share price volatility based on
the historical volatility of publicly traded peer companies and expects to continue to do so until such time
as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded share price.
Further details can be found in note 15.
50
Inventories
The valuation of inventory at net realizable value requires judgments, based on currently-available
information, about the likely method of disposition, such as through sales to individual consumers, returns
to product vendors, or liquidations, and expected recoverable values of each disposition category. These
assumptions about future disposition of inventory are inherently uncertain and changes in estimates and
assumptions may cause material write-downs in the future. Further details can be found in note 8.
Impairment of trade and other receivables
The Group estimates losses on trade and other receivables based on known troubled accounts and historical
experience of losses incurred. Receivables are considered impaired and written off when it is probable that
all contractual payments due will not be collected in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
Allowances for doubtful accounts are maintained based on an assessment of the collectability of specific
consumer accounts, the aging of receivable and other economic information on both a historical and
prospective basis. Further details can be found in the Note 11.
The Group recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses (“ECLs”) applying the simplified method
permitted by IFRS 9 for trade receivables. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but
instead recognizes a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. Using the practical
expedient that is allowed by the standard, the Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its
historical credit loss experience for the past 2 years, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the
debtors and the economic environment, which will be adjusted every reporting date based on economic
conditions. The assessment of the correlation between historical observed default rates, forecast economic
conditions and ECLs is a significant estimate. The amount of ECLs is sensitive to changes in circumstances
and of forecast economic conditions. The Group’s historical credit loss experience and forecast of economic
conditions may also not be representative of customer’s actual default in the future.
Generally, trade receivables are written-off if past due for more than one year and are not subject to
enforcement activity under credit risk.
Leases- Estimating the incremental borrowing rate
The Group cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in the leases, therefore, it uses its incremental
borrowing rate (IBR) to measure lease liabilities. The IBR is the rate of interest that the Group would have
to pay to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of
a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. The IBR therefore reflects what
the Group ‘would have to pay’, which requires estimation when no observable rates are available (such as
for subsidiaries that do not enter into financing transactions) or when they need to be adjusted to reflect the
terms and conditions of the lease (for example, when leases are not in the subsidiary’s functional currency).
The Group estimates the IBR using observable inputs (such as market interest rates) when available and is
required to make certain entity-specific estimates (such as the subsidiary’s stand-alone credit rating).
4 New accounting pronouncements
a) New standards, interpretations and amendments adopted by the Group
The Group applied IFRS 16 and IFRIC Interpretation 23 as of January 1, 2019.
IFRS 16 Leases
IFRS 16 supersedes IAS 17 Leases, IFRIC 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease, SIC-
15 Operating Leases-Incentives and SIC-27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal
Form of a Lease. The standard sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and
disclosure of leases and requires lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet.
The Group adopted IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective method of adoption with the date of initial
application of 1 January 2019. Under this method, the standard is applied retrospectively with the
cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application. The Group
elected to use the transition practical expedient allowing the standard to be applied only to contracts that
were previously identified as leases applying IAS 17 and IFRIC 4 at the date of initial application. The
51
Group also elected to use the recognition exemptions for lease contracts that, at the commencement date,
have a lease term of 12 months or less and do not contain a purchase option (‘short-term leases’), and lease
contracts for which the underlying asset is of low value (‘low-value assets’).
The effect of adoption IFRS 16 as at January 1, 2019 (increase/(decrease)) is as follows:
In thousands of EUR
Assets
Right-of-use assets
Prepayments
Total assets
Liabilities
Borrowings
Total liabilities
As of
January 1, 2019
10,546
(1,399)
9,147
9,147
9,147
Nature of the effect of adoption of IFRS 16
The Group has lease contracts for various items of property, vehicles and other equipment.
Upon adoption of IFRS 16, the Group applied a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases,
except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The standard provides specific transition
requirements and practical expedients, which have been applied by the Group.
• Leases previously classified as finance leases:
At the transition date the Group didn’t have any financial leases.
• Leases previously accounted for as operating leases:
The Group recognized right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for those leases previously classified as
operating leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets.
The Group also applied the available practical expedients as follows:
• Applied a single discount rate to the assets with similar characteristics.
• Did not recognize leases for which the term ends within 12 months of the date of initial
application – this means the Group did not apply this approach for the contracts which end
during 2019.
• Excluded initial direct costs from the measurement of right-of-use assets at the date of initial
application.
Based on the above, as at January 1, 2019, the Group recognized:
• Right-of-use assets of EUR 10,546 thousands presented within Property and Equipment in the
statement of financial position. This relates to the lease assets recognized previously as
operating leases.
• Lease liabilities of EUR 9,147 thousands (included in Borrowings).
•
Prepayments of EUR 1,399 thousands related to previous operating leases.
52
Operating lease commitments recognized as lease liability in the consolidated statement of financial
position
Set out below, is the reconciliation of the operating lease commitments to lease liabilities upon adoption:
In thousands of EUR
Operating lease commitments as at December 31, 2018
Short-term leases recognized on a straight-line basis as an expense during 2019
Exercise of renewal option
Other
Total
Discounted using incremental borrowing rate at the date of the initial application
Lease liabilities recognized as at January 1, 2019
As of
December 31, 2018
9,230
(731)
3,013
478
11,990
(2,843)
9,147
Amounts recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position and consolidated statement of
operations and comprehensive income (loss)
Set out below, are the carrying amounts of the Group’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and the
movements during the period:
In thousands of EUR
Right of use assets
Lease Liabilities
As at January 1, 2019
Additions
Depreciation
Interest expense
Lease modifications
Payments
Effect of translation
As at December 31, 2019
10,546
4,230
(4,518)
—
(580)
—
93
9,771
9,147
4,180
—
1,293
(598)
(4,945)
106
9,183
The Group recognized rent expense from short-term leases of EUR 1,682 thousands and expenses from
leases whose term ends within 12 months of the date of initial application of EUR 135 thousands in the
year ended December 31, 2019.
IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatment
The Interpretation addresses the accounting for income taxes when tax treatments involve uncertainty that
affects the application of IAS 12 Income Taxes. It does not apply to taxes or levies outside the scope of
IAS 12, nor does it specifically include requirements relating to interest and penalties associated with
uncertain tax treatments. The Interpretation specifically addresses the following:
• Whether an entity considers uncertain tax treatments separately
• The assumptions an entity makes about the examination of tax treatments by taxation
authorities
• How an entity determines taxable profit (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax
credits and tax rates
• How an entity considers changes in facts and circumstances
An entity has to determine whether to consider each uncertain tax treatment separately or together with one
or more other uncertain tax treatments. The approach that better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty
needs to be followed. The Group applies significant judgement in identifying uncertainties over income tax
treatments.
53
Since the Group operates in a complex multinational environment, it assessed whether the Interpretation
had an impact on its consolidated financial statements. At December 31, 2019, the assessment by Jumia of
uncertainty on its income tax positions accounted for EUR 9,656 thousand (YE 2018: EUR 10,734
thousand).
Income tax payables as of December 31, 2019 comprise the following:
Income Tax Payables
Income Tax Payables
Provision for Income Tax
Total
As of
December 31, 2019
400
9,656
10,056
The Group adopted IFRIC 23 using the retrospective method with the date of initial application of 1 January
2018. The comparative financial statements were adjusted accordingly.
The effect of IFRIC 23 adoption as at January 1, 2018 is as follows:
In thousands of EUR
Income Tax Provisions
Income Tax Provisions
Reclassification
Total
Income Tax Payables
Income Tax Payables
Reclassification
Total
As of
January 1, 2018
10,716
(10,716)
—
117
10,716
10,833
Set out below, are the carrying amounts of the Group’s Income Tax payables and the movements during
the period:
In thousands of EUR
As at January 1, 2018
Additions
Reclassification
Effect of translation
As at December 31, 2018
Income Tax Provisions
10,833
49
—
10,882
b) Standards issued but not yet effective
The Group has not early adopted any other standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but
is not yet effective. The new and amended standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective,
up to the date of issuance of the Group’s financial statements are disclosed below.
IFRS 17 – Insurance contracts
In May 2017, the IASB issued IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 17), a comprehensive new accounting
standard for insurance contracts covering recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure.
Once effective, IFRS 17 will replace IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 4) that was issued in 2005. IFRS
17 applies to all types of insurance contracts (i.e., life, non-life, direct insurance and re-insurance),
regardless of the type of entities that issue them, as well as to certain guarantees and financial instruments
with discretionary participation features. A few scope exceptions will apply. The overall objective of
IFRS 17 is to provide an accounting model for insurance contracts that is more useful and consistent for
insurers. In contrast to the requirements in IFRS 4, which are largely based on grandfathering previous
local accounting policies, IFRS 17 provides a comprehensive model for insurance contracts, covering all
relevant accounting aspects. The core of IFRS 17 is the general model, supplemented by:
54
• A specific adaptation for contracts with direct participation features (the variable fee
approach)
• A simplified approach (the premium allocation approach) mainly for short-duration contracts
IFRS 17 is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021, with
comparative figures required. Early application is permitted, provided the entity also applies
IFRS 9 and IFRS 15 on or before the date it first applies IFRS 17.
Amendments to IFRS 3: Definition of a business
In October 2018, the IASB issued amendments to the definition of a business in IFRS 3 Business
Combinations to help entities determine whether an acquired set of activities and assets is a business or
not. They clarify the minimum requirements for a business, remove the assessment of whether market
participants are capable of replacing any missing elements, add guidance to help entities assess whether
an acquired process is substantive, narrow the definitions of a business and of outputs, and introduce an
optional fair value concentration test. New illustrative examples were provided along with the
amendments.
Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8: Definition of Material.
In October 2018, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and IAS 8
Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors to align the definition of ‘material’
across the standards and to clarify certain aspects of the definition. The new definition states that,
‘Information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence
decisions that the primary users of general-purpose financial statements make on the basis of those
financial statements, which provide financial information about a specific reporting entity.’
The group does not expect a material impact upon adoption of any of these standards and is not planning
early adoption.
5 Group Information
At December 31, 2019, Jumia consolidated the following subsidiaries:
Company name
Country of
incorporation
% equity
Principal activities
Jumia Technologies AG
Africa Internet Services SAS
African Internet Services S.A.
AIH General Merchandise Algeria
UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co.
KG
AIH General Merchandise
Cameroon UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG
AIH General Merchandise Egypt
UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co.
KG
AIH General Merchandise Ghana
UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co.
KG
AIH General Merchandise Ivory
Coast UG (haftungsbeschränkt) &
Co. KG
GERMANY
FRANCE
ANGOLA
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2018
100.00
100.00
99.82
99.82
100.00 Top Holding
100.00 Services
99.82 Online retailer
99.82 Holding
99.82
99.82 Holding
99.82
99.82 Holding
99.82
99.82 Holding
99.82
99.82 Holding
55
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
AIH General Merchandise Kenya
UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co.
KG
AIH General Merchandise
Morocco UG (haftungsbeschränkt)
& Co. KG
AIH General Merchandise Nigeria
UG (haftungsbeschränkt) & Co.
KG
AIH General Merchandise
Tanzania UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG
AIH General Merchandise UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG
AIH Subholding Nr. 10 UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG
AIH Subholding Nr. 11 UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG
AIH Subholding Nr. 12 UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG
AIH Subholding Nr. 15 UG & Co.
KG
AIH Subholding Nr. 17 UG & Co.
KG
AIH Subholding Nr. 8 UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG
AIH Subholding Nr. 9 UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. KG
Atol Internet Serviçes Limitada
Atol Internet Services Ltd.
Atol Internet Services Ltd.
(Zambia)
Atol Internet Services Nigeria Ltd. NIGERIA
RWANDA
Atol Internet Services Rwanda
Atol Internet Services S.a.r.l.
Tunisia
TUNISIA
ZAMBIA
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
GERMANY
MOZAMBIQUE
MAURITIUS
Atol Ivory Coast SARL
COTE
D’IVOIRE
CONGO
GABON
ETHIOPIA
Atol Services Congo Ltd.
Atol Services Gabon SARL
Atol Technology PLC
Bambino 162. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt)
Digital Services XLV (GP) S.à r.l. GERMANY
EasyTaxi Egypt
Ecart Internet Services Nigeria
Ltd.
Ecart Services Algeria SARL
Ecart Services Cameroon Ltd.
Ecart Services Ghana Ltd.
GERMANY
NIGERIA
EGYPT
Ecart Services Ivory Coast SARL
Ecart Services Kenya Ltd.
Ecart Services Morocco Sarlau
Ecart Services Tanzania Ltd.
Gabi Internet Services Ltd.
Hellopay Africa Integrated
Services Ltd. (formerly: Lipco
Internet Services Nigeria)
Jade E-Services Algeria SARL
ALGERIA
CAMEROON
GHANA
COTE
D’IVOIRE
KENYA
MOROCCO
TANZANIA
NIGERIA
NIGERIA
ALGERIA
99.82
99.82 Holding
99.82
99.82 Holding
99.71
99.71 Holding
99.82
99.82 Holding
99.82
99.82
99.82
99.82
—
—
99.82
99.82
99.82
99.82
99.82
—
99.82
99.82
99.82
99.82
99.82
99.82
100.00
100.00
99.82
99.71
99.82
99.82
—
99.82
99.82
99.82
99.82
—
99.82
99.82
99.82 Holding
99.82 Holding
99.82 Holding
99.82 Holding
99.82 Holding
99.82 Holding
99.82 Holding
99.82 Holding
99.82 Marketplace
99.82 Marketplace
99.82 Marketplace
99.71 Marketplace
99.82 Marketplace
99.82 Marketplace
99.82 Marketplace
99.82 Marketplace
99.82 Marketplace
99.82 Marketplace
100.00 General Partner
100.00 Services
99.82 Taxi booking platform
99.71 Online retailer
99.82 Online retailer
99.82 Online retailer
99.82 Online retailer
99.82 Online retailer
99.82 Online retailer
99.82 Online retailer
99.82 Online retailer
99.71 Online travel agency
99.82 Vehicle marketplace
99.82 Marketplace
56
Jade E-Services Ghana Ltd.
Jade E-Services Kenya Ltd.
Jade E-Services Senegal SARL
(formerly: Hellofood Senegal
SUARL)
Jade E-Services South Africa
Proprietary Ltd.
Jade E-Services Tunisia Suarl
GHANA
KENYA
SENEGAL
SOUTH
AFRICA
TUNISIA
Jade E-Services Uganda Ltd.
UGANDA
Jade Internet E-Services Nigeria
Ltd.
NIGERIA
Jolali Global Resources Ltd.
NIGERIA
Jumia Egypt LLC
Jumia Eservices SARL
Jumia Facilities Management
Services L.L.C
Jumia for Trading LLC
EGYPT
TUNISIA
Dubai
EGYPT
Jumia UG (haftungsbeschränkt) &
Co. KG
GERMANY
99.82
99.82
99.82
99.82
98.82
99.82
—
99.71
99.82
99.82
99.82
99.82
General Partner for Top
Holding
General Partner for Top
Holding
99.82
General Partner for Top
Holding
99.82 Online retailer
99.82
99.82
99.82
Online real estate
marketplace
General Partner for Top
Holding
General Partner for Top
Holding
89.74 Services
99.82 Online retailer
99.82
100.00
100.00 Services
100.00
— Online retailer
99.82
99.82 Holding
Jumia USA LLC
Juwel 162. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt)
USA
GERMANY
100.00
99.82
— Services
— Service Company
Juwel 193. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. Siebte
Verwaltungs KG
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 Holding
Juwel 193. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co.
Zwölfte Verwaltungs KG
Juwel 193. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt)
Juwel 193. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. 128.
Verwaltungs KG
Juwel 193. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. 132.
Verwaltungs KG
Juwel 193. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. 23.
Verwaltungs KG
Juwel 193. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. 24.
Verwaltungs KG
Juwel 193. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. Dritte
Verwaltungs KG
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 Holding
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 General Partner
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 Holding
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 Holding
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 Holding
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 Holding
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 Holding
57
Juwel 193. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. Fünfte
Verwaltungs KG
GERMANY
Juwel 193. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. Vierte
Verwaltungs KG
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 Holding
99.82
99.82 Holding
Juwel 193. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co.
Zehnte Verwaltungs KG
Juwel 194. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt)
Juwel 194. V V UG
(haftungsbeschränkt) & Co. Erste
Verwaltungs KG/ ZANDO
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 Holding
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 General Partner
GERMANY
99.82
99.82 Zando Holding
Juwel E-Services Tanzania Ltd.
TANZANIA
Lendico S.A (PTY) Ltd.
SOUTH
AFRICA
Lipco Internet Services Zimbabwe
Ltd.
Silveroak Internet Services
Portugal, Unipessoal Lda
ZIMBABWE
PORTUGAL
99.82
99.82
99.82
99.82 Not active
99.82 Not active
99.82 Marketplace
100.00
100.00 IT Services
Vamido Global Resources Ltd.
NIGERIA
99.71
99.71 Services
The changes in scope during 2019 result from acquisitions, mergers and abandon of operations.
The group acquired Jumia for Trading LLC and Jumia US LLC was created in the course of this year.
Mergers occurred in Nigeria (Atol Internet Serv Nigeria, Gabi Internet Serv. Ltd and Jade Internet E-
Services Nigeria) and Germany (AIH Subh Nr 15 KG and AIH Subh Nr 17 KG).
The Group announced the decision to cease operations in four entities starting November 2019, when their
activities were fully abandoned – ECART Serv Cameroon Ltd, Atol Internet Serv. Rwanda, Ecart Serv.
Tanzania Ltd, Juwel E-Services Tanzania, Ltd. These operations do not represent a major line of business
or a geographical area, nor are they a significant part of the group operations and hence, are not separately
disclosed as discontinued operations and assets held for sale. The loss of the year was recognized during
2019.
6 Material partly-owned subsidiaries
Financial information of subsidiaries that have material non-controlling interests is provided below.
The proportion of equity interest held by non-controlling interests is as follows:
Country of incorporation
and operation
Name
ECART Internet Services Nigeria
Jumia Egypt LLC
ECART Services Morocco Sarl
ECART Services Kenya Limited
ECART Services Ivory Coast SRL
Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd
Net equity attributed to non-controlling interests of these subsidiaries is as follows:
NIGERIA
EGYPT
MOROCCO
KENYA
IVORY COAST
SOUTH AFRICA
As of
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
0.29 %
0.18 %
0.18 %
0.18 %
0.18 %
0.18 %
0.29 %
0.18 %
0.18 %
0.18 %
0.18 %
0.18 %
58
Name
ECART Internet Services Nigeria
Jumia Egypt LLC
ECART Services Morocco Sarl
ECART Services Kenya Limited
ECART Services Ivory Coast SRL
Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd
Other subsidiaries
Total
As of
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
(608)
(163)
(110)
(92)
(96)
(63)
1,015
(117)
(825)
(226)
(149)
(126)
(125)
(74)
1,027
(498)
The statutory financial position and comprehensive income of these subsidiaries attributed to non-
controlling interests are shown below:
In thousands of EUR
ECART Internet Services Nigeria
Jumia Egypt LLC
ECART Services Morocco Sarl
ECART Services Kenya Limited
ECART Services Ivory Coast SRL
Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd
Total
In thousands of EUR
ECART Internet Services Nigeria
Jumia Egypt LLC
ECART Services Morocco Sarl
ECART Services Kenya Limited
ECART Services Ivory Coast SRL
Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd
Total
In thousands of EUR
ECART Internet Services Nigeria
Jumia Egypt LLC
ECART Services Morocco Sarl
ECART Services Kenya Limited
ECART Services Ivory Coast SRL
Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd
Total
In thousands of EUR
ECART Internet Services Nigeria
Jumia Egypt LLC
ECART Services Morocco Sarl
ECART Services Kenya Limited
ECART Services Ivory Coast SRL
Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd
Total
For the year ended December 31, 2019
Revenue Loss for the year
Total Comprehensive
loss of the year
97
48
49
21
46
32
293
(127)
(63)
(39)
(34)
(29)
(11)
(303)
(126)
(64)
(39)
(34)
(29)
(11)
(303)
For the year ended December 31, 2018
Revenue Loss for the year
Total Comprehensive
loss of the year
80
41
23
16
52
28
240
(103)
(47)
(25)
(30)
(26)
(12)
(243)
(104)
(47)
(25)
(29)
(26)
(11)
(242)
Total
As of December 31, 2019
Total
Total
Non-current assets Current assets Current liabilities
658
240
167
122
142
57
1,386
26
20
14
8
13
19
100
7
4
4
6
3
5
29
Total
As of December 31, 2018
Total
Total
Non-current assets Current assets Current liabilities
424
164
120
88
109
41
946
19
11
9
11
12
15
77
4
2
2
1
1
1
11
At the level of the subsidiary that generates the non-controlling interest, operating loss is a fair
representation of the operating cash flow of the period.
59
The statutory net cash flows of these subsidiaries attributed to non-controlling interests are shown below:
In thousands of EUR
ECART Internet Services Nigeria
Jumia Egypt LLC
ECART Services Morocco Sarl
ECART Services Kenya Limited
ECART Services Ivory Coast SRL
Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd
Total
In thousands of EUR
ECART Internet Services Nigeria
Jumia Egypt LLC
ECART Services Morocco Sarl
ECART Services Kenya Limited
ECART Services Ivory Coast SRL
Jade E-Services South Africa PTY Ltd
Total
7 Property and Equipment
As of December 31, 2019
Net cash flows used in
Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(7)
(21)
(26)
(14)
(24)
(12)
(8)
(105)
2
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(4)
As of December 31, 2018
Net cash flows used in
Operating activities Investing activities Financing activities
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(36)
(21)
(14)
(10)
(14)
(13)
(108)
(2)
(1)
(1)
—
(1)
—
(5)
Movements in the carrying amount of property and equipment were as follows:
In thousands of EUR
Cost
Balance as of January 1, 2018
Additions
Disposals
Effect of translation
Reclassification
Balance as of December 31, 2018
Additions
Disposals
Effect of translation
Cancelation of leases
IFRS 16 adoption
Balance as of December 31, 2019
Accumulated depreciation
Balance as of January 1, 2018
Depreciation charge
Accumulated depreciation on disposals
Effect of translation
Reclassification
Balance as of December 31, 2018
Depreciation charge
Accumulated depreciation on disposals
Effect of translation
Technical
equipment and
Buildings machinery
Right of use
assets - Office
and Warehouse Total
Transportation
equipment,
office
equipment
and other
equipment
997
377
(6)
17
109
1,494
1,111
(85)
106
—
—
2,626
(542)
(268)
1
(16)
(39)
(864)
(466)
57
(56)
856
618
(1)
10
—
1,483
1,011
(135)
49
—
4
2,412
(417)
(273)
—
(6)
—
(696)
(488)
99
(23)
6,339
2,513
(217)
125
(94)
8,666
3,536
(503)
265
—
(15)
11,949
(3,858)
(1,319)
151
(66)
29
(5,063)
(2,225)
458
(142)
—
—
—
—
—
—
3,650
—
93
(229)
10,546
14,060
—
—
—
—
—
—
(4,518)
—
—
8,192
3,508
(224)
152
15
11,643
9,308
(723)
513
(229)
10,535
31,047
(4,817)
(1,860)
152
(88)
(10)
(6,623)
(7,697)
614
(221)
60
Cancelation of leases
Reclassification
Balance as of December 31, 2019
Carrying amount as of
December 31, 2018
Carrying amount as of
December 31, 2019
8 Inventories
—
—
(1,329)
—
—
(1,108)
—
85
(6,887)
223
6
223
91
(4,289) (13,613)
630
787
3,603
—
5,020
1,297
1,304
5,062
9,771
17,434
Inventories are comprised of the following:
In thousands of EUR
Merchandise available for sale
Less: Provision for slow moving and obsolete inventories
Total Inventories
As of
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
10,593
(1,162)
9,431
11,176
(1,180)
9,996
The total cost of inventory recognized as an expense in the consolidated profit or loss was EUR 84,506
thousand (2018: 84,849).
Provision for slow moving and obsolete inventories
The movement in the provision for inventories is as follows:
In thousands of EUR
Balance as of January 1, 2018
Additions
Reversal
Use of provision
Effect of translation
Balance as of December 31, 2018
Additions
Reversal
Use of provision
Effect of translation
Balance as of December 31, 2019
1,435
945
(657)
(576)
15
1,162
886
(611)
(317)
60
1,180
The provisions are reversed whenever correspondent items are either sold or returned to the
vendors.
.
9 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprised the following:
In thousands of EUR
Cash at bank and in hand
Short-term deposits
Total Cash and cash equivalents
As of
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
100,635
—
100,635
52,729
117,292
170,021
Cash at banks earns interest at floating rates based on daily bank deposit rates. Short-term deposits are made
for varying periods, depending on the immediate cash requirements of the Group, and earn interest at the
respective short-term deposit rates.
There is no restricted cash on cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2019 (December 31, 2018: nil).
While cash and cash equivalents are also subject to the impairment requirements of IFRS 9, the identified
expected credit loss was immaterial.
61
10 Term Deposits
Term deposits comprised the following:
Short term deposits in banks
Term Deposits
As of
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
—
—
62,418
62,418
Deposits represent interest bearing deposit with a commercial bank for a fixed period of more than 3
months.
11 Trade and other receivables
Trade and other receivables were comprised of the following:
In thousands of EUR
Advances to suppliers
Trade notes and accounts receivable
Thereof to related parties
As of
Note December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
236
2,356
12,319
17,780
402
371
29
Less: Allowance for impairment of trade notes and accounts
receivable
Unbilled revenues
Accrued marketplace revenue
Other receivables
Thereof to related parties
29
Less: Allowance for impairment of other receivables
Trade and other receivables
(8,283)
858
—
4,728
—
(503)
16,936
(4,254)
1,518
24
3,675
6
(484)
13,034
Allowance for expected credit losses
The movement of allowance for expected credit losses (“ECL”) of trade notes and accounts receivables and
other receivables (including related parties) is as follows:
In thousands of EUR
Balance as of January 1, 2018
Additions
Reversal
Use of provision
Effect of translation
Balance as of December 31, 2018
Additions
Reversal
Use of provision
Effect of translation
Balance as of December 31, 2019
ECL of trade notes
and accounts
receivable
ECL of other
receivables
385
119
(31)
—
11
484
71
(54)
—
2
503
3,221
4,847
(499)
(3,405)
90
4,254
6,178
(318)
(2,025)
194
8,283
62
The ageing analysis of trade notes and accounts receivables is as follows:
Past due but not impaired
In thousands of EUR
As of December 31, 2019
As of December 31, 2018
Total
Total net gross
expected
< 30
credit losses impaired days
Total
Neither past
due nor
9,497 17,780
8,065 12,319
(8,283)
(4,254)
30 - 90
days
>90
days
3,291 1,554 2,515 2,137
75
5,389
946 1,655
See Note 31 for disclosure of how the Group manages and measures credit quality of trade and other
receivables that are neither past due nor impaired.
12 Prepaid expense and other current assets
As of December 31, 2019, prepaid expense and other current assets was comprised of prepaid server hosting
fees and software licenses EUR 7,788 thousand (2018: 1,625), advance payments to the Group’s partners
for flight and other online payment services amounting to EUR 2,168 thousand (2018: 1,474) and prepaid
fees related to a planned capital transaction amounting to EUR 240 thousand (2018: EUR 1,257 thousand).
The remaining amount of EUR 2,397 thousand is related to prepaid rent, insurance and other goods and
services (2018: EUR 3,028 thousand).
13 Share capital and share premium
Ordinary shares issued and fully paid as at December 31, 2019
Number of shares
156,816,494
Class
Ordinary
Total
Par value €
Share capital € Share premium €
1,018,276
1,018,276
156,816
156,816
1
1
Total
1,175,092
1,175,092
The total authorized number of ordinary shares is 156,816,494 shares as at December 31, 2019 (2018:
132,631 shares) with a par value of EUR 1.00 per share. All issued ordinary shares are fully paid. Each
ordinary share carries one vote.
During 2019, 156,683,863 shares were issued, all fully paid, relating to the entry of a new investor in
January 2019 and the Initial Public Offering (IPO) with concurrent private placement in April 2019. The
nominal value of all shares issued is €1 each. Transaction costs of EUR 7,357 thousand related to the new
investor and IPO are recognized directly in the capital reserve. Additionally, 2,550,066 stock options were
exercised in November 2019 which will increase the share capital of the Company by 2,550,066 shares.
The capital increase for the stock options will be conducted in 2020. Related transaction costs recognized
in prepaid expenses amount to EUR 240 thousand. In total, in 2019, the Group received capital contributions
of EUR 329,161 thousand.
Ordinary shares issued and fully paid as at December 31, 2018
Number of shares
132,631
Class
Ordinary
Total
Par value €
Share capital € Share premium €
845,787
845,787
133
133
1
1
Total
845,920
845,920
In 2018, the Group called and received capital contributions amounting to EUR 215,985 thousand.
63
14 Other Reserves
In thousands of EUR
As of January 1, 2017
Other comprehensive loss
Total comprehensive loss for the year
Share-based payments
Change in Non-controlling interests
As of December 31, 2017
Other comprehensive loss
Total comprehensive loss for the year
Share-based payments (Note 16)
Change in Non-controlling interests
As of December 31, 2018
Other comprehensive loss
Total comprehensive loss for the year
Share-based payments (Note 16)
Change in Non-controlling interests
As of December 31, 2019
Exchange
difference on net
investment in
foreign
operations
Currency
translation
adjustment
Total
other
reserves
(49,973)
(46,835)
(46,835)
—
—
(96,808)
9,053
9,053
—
(1,888)
(89,643)
20,179
20,179
—
—
(69,464)
43,619
45,234
45,234
—
—
88,853
(9,229)
(9,229)
—
(16)
79,608
(19,449)
(19,449)
—
24
60,183
27,686
(1,601)
(1,601)
26,258
(1,426)
50,917
(176)
(176)
17,256
(1,904)
66,093
730
730
37,267
24
104,114
Capital
reserves
34,040
—
—
26,258
(1,426)
58,872
—
—
17,256
—
76,128
—
—
37,267
—
113,395
The share-based payment reserve represents the Group’s cumulative equity settled share option expense.
The Currency translation adjustment reserve represents the cumulative exchange differences on the
translation of the Group’s overseas subsidiaries into the Group’s presentation currency.
The foreign exchange reserve represents the cumulative amount of the exchange differences related to a
foreign operation that is consolidated.
15 Share-based compensation
2012 Call-Option Plan – the previous agreements
As from 2012, eligible employees of the Company and its subsidiaries were provided with the opportunity
to invest indirectly in the equity instruments of a subsidiary of the Company, via a trustee company holding
the equity instruments (“Original Trust Interest”).
Share-based payment awards were directly tied to the value of the local subsidiaries. The fair value of share-
based payment awards made relate to equity instruments of the Company and its subsidiaries. In relation to
employees’ share investments, the employee and the Company entered into an angel agreement containing
certain obligations regarding vesting rights which relate to the indirect share interest holding of the
employee in the partnership. Accordingly, the grant date was established no later than the date of the last
signature of these agreements since both parties had explicitly agreed to the arrangement as of this date.
The plan remained active until June 30, 2017.
Stock Option Program 2016 (JSOP 2016)
In 2017, a new equity-settled share-based payment plan was adopted, which replaced the eligible awards
in the plan rolled out in 2012. The new plan took effect from July 1, 2017.
Under this share-based payment plan, there are two types of awards: option and participation.
Participation awards represent a partnership interest and capital participation in the Jumia UG & Co. which
effectively holds the entire business of the Group. These awards (“Jumia Trust Interest”) are only given to
selected participants to replace their previous indirect share interest holding (“Original Trust Interest”). The
previous agreement was modified so that the original Trustee (“Bambino 53. V V UG”) ceased to exist and
all converted Trust Interests are transferred to the new Trustee (“Juwel. 179 V V UG”). All participation
awards vest in full at the grant date.
Option awards are a call-option contract on equity instruments of Jumia UG & Co. which can be exercised
in the future to obtain participation in Jumia UG & Co. The call-option agreement includes 2 groups of
call-options:
64
Privileged group: awards which vest in full at the grant date.
Ordinary group: awards with 4 alternative vesting conditions:
Alternative 1: vest in full after a cliff period, generally from 9 to 18 months.
Alternative 2: vest in full once either the Holding or Supported Enterprises reach Profitability.
Alternative 3: vest in full one year after an Exit.
Alternative 4: vest in full when the value of the Holding reaches a target at the Exit date.
Pre IPO Events
In order to facilitate the IPO in April 2019, the Company performed several restructuring steps prior to the
IPO, in 2019, which also affected the existing Stock Option Program 2016 (“JSOP 2016”).
Prior to the conversion of Africa Internet Holding GmbH (“AIH”) into a stock company, all JSOP 2016
participants were instructed to modify their call option agreement with Jumia UG (haftungsbeschränkt) &
Co. KG (“Jumia KG”) and conclude a revised call option agreement with AIH (the “Roll-up”). The purpose
of the Roll-up agreement was to change the counterparty and the underlying shares of the options
respectively (AIH instead of Jumia KG) due to the reorganization of the group.
In a next step, AIH was converted into a stock company named Jumia Technologies AG.
Furthermore, in February 2019, Jumia Technologies AG executed a share capital increase by utilizing the
Company’s own funds by nearly EUR 100m (“Capital Increase”). As a result of the Capital Increase, (i)
the nominal value of the Call Option Shares has increased proportionally to the Capital Increase, and (ii)
due to legal requirements the Exercise Price had to be increased to reflect the statutory minimum issue price
per share of EUR 1.00. All JSOP 2016 participants were put in the same economic position as before the
restructuring steps. Therefore, the JSOP had to be modified to ensure that the participants’ economic
position is not negatively affected.
Jumia Technologies AG accounts for the JSOP 2016 as an equity-settled plan under IFRS 2. The
restructuring steps did not change the classification and did not lead to a recognition of an incremental fair
value.
With the resolution of the general meeting on 15 February 2019, a new stock option program 2019 (“SOP
2019”) and a corresponding capital increase (conditional capital) was approved. The supervisory board has
implemented the SOP 2019 on March 11, 2019.
Moreover, the management board and the supervisory board agreed in this meeting, to implement a further
share-based payment program – the Virtual Restricted Stock Units Program (“VRSUP 2019”)
IPO
After the IPO on the April 12, 2019, the vesting conditions for Ordinary 2 and Ordinary Stock Options of
the JSOP 2016 were met. This led to an additional recognition of expenses of EUR 11,200 thousand as the
IPO probability was previously assessed at 50%.
In addition, the vesting conditions for Ordinary 4 Stock Options were met. This led to an additional
recognition of expenses of EUR 4,400 thousand as the probability for the meeting of the vesting criteria
was previously assessed at 50%.
Option Programs 2019
SOP 2019
Jumia Technologies AG granted stock options to beneficiaries under the terms and conditions of the SOP
2019 in May 2019 (May 10, 2019 for most beneficiaries, May 22, 2019 for one individual beneficiary).
65
Each stock option entitles the holder to receive one share of Jumia Technologies AG for an exercise price
of EUR 1 after a waiting period of four years, starting in May 2019, as defined by the individual grant
agreements. The exercise period starts directly after the waiting period and ends after seven years. The
exercise of stock options is not possible during defined blackout periods.
The stock options can only be exercised, if the average annual growth rate of the Gross Merchandise
Volume amounts to at least 10% during the four years waiting period. If this performance target is not met,
all options will lapse.
Moreover, the stock options are subject to vesting requirements. The stock options shall generally vest in
one or more tranches. The SOP 2019 plan sets out several criteria of bad leaver and good leaver cases. For
beneficiaries, who are members of the management board, the total vesting period shall be at least four
years and all unexercised options will be forfeited, if the employee resigns and start working for a
competitor within six months after the resignation. If other beneficiaries (i.e. not members of the
management board) resign before the vesting date as specified in the individual grant agreements and are
classified as good leaver, all stock options will remain and be exercisable.
However, all unexercised stock options will be forfeited, if a beneficiary terminates the employment within
four years after the IPO on April 12, 2019.
According to the individual grant agreements, the stock options will vest on May 10, 2023 and are not
subject to further performance conditions. Except for one individual beneficiary who received two tranches
under the SOP 2019 with stock options that vest on May 23, 2021 and stock options that vest on May 23,
2023.
If Jumia Technologies AG pays dividends during the waiting period or exercise period, the beneficiaries
are entitled to receive a dividend payment for each vested but not yet exercised stock option. However,
Jumia Technologies AG does not expect to pay dividends during the next years.
The stock options of the SOP 2019 are an equity-settled plan as the beneficiaries receive one share for each
exercised option. For equity-settled awards, the expenses to be recognized are determined based on the
grant date fair value of the awards. The fair value will not be subsequently remeasured after the grant date.
The expenses are recognized over the relevant vesting period. The vesting period started on the grant date.
As a beneficiary will forfeit all options if the beneficiary terminates the employment four years after the
IPO, the beneficiary has to render services at least until the end of the four years. This date is April 12,
2023.
The recognition of the expenses for the beneficiaries depends mainly on the specific vesting requirements
in the grant agreements. According to the individual grant agreements, the stock options will vest on May
10, 2023, which is after the above mentioned four years after the IPO.
The fair values of the call options are derived from the Black-Scholes-Merton model with the following
inputs:
Grant Date
Fair value of shares (i)
Exercise price
Risk-free interest rate (ii)
Expected dividend yield (iii)
Expected life (years) (iv)
Expected volatility (v)
Fair value of options
May 10, 2019
May 22, 2019
EUR 10.90
EUR 1
0%
0%
4 years
40%
EUR 10.02
EUR 1
0%
0%
4 years
40%
EUR 9.90
EUR 9.02
(i) The Fair value of share is derived based on the value per ADS of Jumia Technologies AG traded on
the New York Stock Exchange converted into Euro.
(ii) Risk-free interest rate is based on German government bond yields consistent to the expected life of
options. A risk-free rate of 0% is considered as a floor.
66
(iii) Expected dividend yield is assumed to be 0% based on the fact that the Group has no history or
expectation of paying a dividend
(iv) Expected life of share options is based on the vesting period.
(v) Expected volatility is assumed based on the historical volatility of comparable companies in the period
equal to the expected life of each grant.
VRSUP
Jumia Technologies AG granted Restricted Stock Units (each a RSU) to beneficiaries under the terms and
conditions of the VRSUP 2019 on May 8 and 10, 2019 (May 10, 2019 for those beneficiaries, who received
also stock options under the SOP 2019), and May 22, 2019 for one beneficiary.
Jumia Technologies AG is entitled to elect, at its sole discretion, issuing one share for each vested RSU
instead of a settlement in cash. The general meeting approved conditional capital for the VRSUP 2019 on
April 1, 2019. If Jumia settles the RSUs in cash, the beneficiaries will receive a payment in the amount of
the average share price (closing prices) on the ten trading days prior to the last half year report of Jumia (cf.
Sec. 2.6 of the VRSUP 2019).
The VRSUP 2019 gives Jumia Technologies AG a choice of settlement between cash and equity. As Jumia
Technologies AG has no past practice to settle in cash nor has legal restrictions nor intends to settle in cash
when a participant requests it, the VRSUP 2019 is accounted for as an equity-settled plan.
Each beneficiary received an individual grant agreement that includes the individual number of RSUs as
well as possible vesting conditions, such as performance conditions and a possible maximum payout
amount.
All RSUs will be forfeited if a beneficiary, who is a member of the board of management, resigns and starts
working for a competitor within twelve months after the resignation. Beneficiaries, who are not a member
of the board of management, need to remain employed with Jumia Technologies AG until the vesting date
as specified in the individual grant agreement.
According to the individual grant agreements, the RSUs vest on May 10, 2021 for those beneficiaries who
have also a grant of stock options under the SOP 2019. The RSUs for the other beneficiaries (only RSUs
are granted to these beneficiaries) vest on May 8, 2020.
67
The specific RSUs granted in 2019 are not subject to any performance conditions or a maximum payout
amount (Cap).
The fair values of the RSUs are derived from the Black-Scholes-Merton model with the following inputs:
Grant Date
Fair value of shares (i)
Exercise price
Risk-free interest rate (ii)
Expected dividend yield (iii)
Expected life (years) (iv)
Expected volatility (v)
May 8, 2019
May 10, 2019
EUR 14.79
EUR 1
0%
0%
1 year
40%
EUR 10.90
EUR 1
0%
0%
2 years
40%
May 22, 2019
EUR 10.02
EUR 1
0%
0%
2.25 years
40%
Fair value of options
EUR 13.79
EUR 9.90
EUR 9.02
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
The Fair value of share is derived based on the value per ADS of Jumia Technologies
AG traded on the New York Stock Exchange converted into Euro.
Risk-free interest rate is based on German government bond yields consistent to the
expected life of options. A risk-free rate of 0% is considered as a floor.
Expected dividend yield is assumed to be 0% based on the fact that the Group has no
history or expectation of paying a dividend
Expected life of share options is based on the vesting period.
Expected volatility is assumed based on the historical volatility of comparable companies
in the period equal to the expected life of each grant.
As a result, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, the Group has recognized in total EUR 37,267
thousand of share-based payment expense in the statement of operations (December 31, 2018: EUR 17,409
thousand).
Summary of awards
Due to the capital increase in February 2019 (please refer to Pre-IPO events above) the number of awards
was multiplied by the factor 7.93.
In 2019, 2,550,066 of options were exercised. Summary of awards as of December 31, 2019 and the
development during the year is as follows:
Weighted Weighted
average
average
remaining exercise
Number of
life
price
(years) (euro)
Weighted
average fair
value
(euro)
Unvested awards outstanding at January 1, 2019
Multiplication/division factor
Unvested awards outstanding at January 1, 2019 after
modification factor
Granted during the period
Exercised during the period
Forfeited during the period
Cancelled during the period
Vested during the period
Unvested awards outstanding at December 31, 2019
Vested awards outstanding at January 1, 2019
Multiplication/division factor
Vested awards outstanding at January 1, 2019 after
modification factor
Cancelled during the period
Reclassification vested options
Vested during the period
Vested awards outstanding at December 31, 2019
awards
589,208
7.93
4,671,733
2,531,640
(2,550,066)
(419,283)
(8)
(1,613,079)
2,620,937
307,154
7.93
2,435,373
(54)
1,705
1,613,079
4,050,103
1.0
-
1.0
1.9
1.8
-
1.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
83.8
7.93
10.6
11.1
10.8
10.8
83.4
7.93
1.8
10.5
—
1.0
1.0
10.8
10.7
68
Summary of awards as of December 31, 2018 and their valuation during the year is as follows:
Unvested awards outstanding at January 1, 2018
Granted during the period
Granted as a replacement during the period
Replaced during the period
Forfeited during the period
Cancelled during the period
Vested during the period
Unvested awards outstanding at December 31, 2018
Vested awards outstanding at January 1, 2018
Cancelled during the period
Forfeited during the period
Replaced during the period
Vested during the period
Vested awards outstanding at December 31, 2018
16 Trade and other payables
Trade and other payables comprise the following:
In thousands of EUR
Trade payables
Invoices not yet received
Accrued employee benefit costs
Sundry accruals
Thereof to related parties
Trade and Other Payables
Weighted Weighted
average
average
remaining exercise
life
price
(years) (euro)
Weighted
average fair
value
(euro)
2.1
1.0
0.9
0.4
1.0
—
1.9
2.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.8
1.8
2.2
0.6
2.2
1.0
1.8
1.8
83.3
89.0
93.8
2,308.4
83.3
6,676.0
85.1
83.8
82.6
1,007.4
82.9
1,559.8
85.1
83.4
Number of
awards
601,591
84,128
13,328
(313)
(34,379)
(85)
(75,062)
589,208
233,479
(594)
(146)
(647)
75,062
307,154
As of
Note December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
9,653
15,762
18,155
19,292
6,488
7,943
12,996
13,441
191
—
47,292
56,438
30
Sundry accruals relate principally to consultancy, legal, marketing, IT and logistics services.
Terms and conditions of the above financial liabilities:
Trade payables are non-interest bearing and are normally settled on 0-90 day terms
Other payables are non-interest bearing and have an average term of 1-2 months
For terms and conditions with related parties, refer to Note 29.
For explanations on the Group’s credit risk management processes, refer to Note 31.
17 Borrowings
Lease liabilities are presented in the statement of financial position as follows:
In thousands of EUR
Current
Non-current
Total Lease liabilities
As of
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
—
—
—
3,056
6,127
9,183
69
Set out below is the maturity of the lease liabilities classified as non-current:
In thousands of EUR
Lease liability future payments
One to five years More than five years Total
5,389
738
6,127
The Group has several lease contracts that include extension and termination options. Whenever the
contracts do not include a mutual agreement clause, the extension options are assumed to be exercised and,
therefore, are included in our lease liabilities.
Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities
In thousands of EUR
Current lease liabilities
Non-current lease liabilities
Total liabilities from financing
activities
January 1, 2019 Additions Payments Reclassification
December 31, 2019
3,116 3,731 (4,945)
6,031 1,144
1,127
(1,127)
3,056
6,127
Effect of
translation
27
79
9,147 4,875 (4,945)
—
106
9,183
Additions include EUR 1,293 thousand of accrued interest.
In thousands of EUR
Current borrowings
Non-current borrowings
Total borrowings
January 1, 2018 Additions Payments Reclassification
December 31, 2018
2,244
—
2,244
— (2,244)
—
—
— (2,244)
Effect of
translation
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Lease payments not recognized as a liability
The group has elected not to recognize a lease liability for short term leases (leases of expected term of 12
months or less) or for leases of low value assets. Payments made under such leases are expensed on a
straight-line basis. In addition, certain variable lease payments are not permitted to be recognized as lease
liabilities and are expensed as incurred.
The expense relating to payments not included in the measurement of the lease liability is as follows:
In thousands of EUR
Short-term leases
Variable lease payments
Total expense
As of
December 31, 2019
1,817
154
1,971
At December 31, 2019 the Group was committed to short-term leases and the total commitment at that date
was EUR 158 thousand.
18 Other taxes payable & Other taxes receivable
Other taxes payable relates to Value added taxes amounting to EUR 58 thousand (2018: EUR 739 thousand)
and Withholding Tax amounting to EUR 4,415 thousand (2018: EUR 6,686 thousand).
Other taxes receivable relates to Value added taxes amounting to EUR 5,395 thousand (2018: EUR 4,172
thousand).
70
19 Provisions for liabilities and other charges
Movements in provisions for liabilities and other charges are as follows:
Marketplace
and consignment Provision for
Tax risks
goods
In thousands of EUR
Balance as of January 1, 2018
Additions
Reversals
Use of provision
Reclassification
Effect of translation
Balance as of December 31, 2018
Additions
Reversals
Use of provision
Effect of translation
Balance as of December 31, 2019
Current
Non-current
14,143
5,860
(453)
—
—
125
19,675
6,700
(611)
(21)
97
25,840
25,840
—
other expenses Total
560
60
(216)
(324)
389
5
474
584
(184)
(1)
4
877
651
226
14,944
5,920
(849)
(324)
389
138
20,218
7,764
(795)
(22)
101
27,266
27,040
226
241
—
(180)
—
—
8
69
480
—
—
—
549
549
—
The balance as of January 1, 2018 is reconciled in Note 4.
Tax risks
Tax risk provision includes provisions related to VAT for EUR 10,329 thousand (2018: EUR 8,221
thousand), provisions related to Withholding Tax (WHT) for EUR 15,362 thousand (2018: EUR 11,456
thousand) and provisions related to other taxes for EUR 97 thousand (2018: nil). Provision is calculated
based on the detailed review of uncertain tax positions completed by management across the group and in
consideration of the probability of a liability arising, within the applicable statute of limitations.
Marketplace and consignment goods
The provision for marketplace and consignment goods relates to the lost and damaged items, to be
reimbursed to the vendors. Provision is calculated based on the detailed review of these items, and it is
expected to be utilized during the exercise period of 2020.
Provision for other expenses
Provision for other expense mainly includes restructuring provision of EUR 173 thousand (2018: nil ), the
provision end of service benefits of EUR 226 thousand (2018: EUR 389 thousand), and various litigation
and penalty provisions of EUR 483 thousand (2018: EUR 85 thousand). The provisions are calculated
based on our best estimate considering past experience.
20 Deferred income
Deferred income consists of EUR 1,571 thousand related to a depositary fee from BNY Mellon, deferred
over the course of 5 years and thus, EUR 1,201 thousand classified as non-current in the consolidated
statement of financial position. Other amounts include individual payments received from end customers
in advance for goods that have been ordered but are not yet delivered. In 2018, the balance included EUR
1,166 thousand related to a prepayment from MTN in Nigeria disclosed in the Note 29.
71
21 Revenue
Revenue is comprised of the following:
In thousands of EUR
Sales of goods
Commissions
Fulfillment
Value added services
Marketing and Advertising
Other revenue
Revenue
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Restated
Restated
81,164
25,011
26,855
20,492
6,089
797
160,408
81,340
14,394
14,980
14,553
2,262
1,529
129,058
67,971
10,764
6,297
—
1,716
6,306
93,054
No single customer amounted for more than 5% of Group revenues (2018: none, 2017: none).
The disaggregation of the Group’s revenue from contracts with customers by region is disclosed in the
Note 2 n) Segments.
22 Fulfillment expense
Fulfillment expense is comprised of the following:
For the year ended
In thousands of EUR
Fulfillment staff costs
Fulfillment centers expense
Freight and shipping expense
Fulfillment expense
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
15,970
3,326
15,140
34,436
16,970
3,573
29,923
50,466
20,872
4,920
51,600
77,392
23 Sales and advertising expense
Sales and advertising expense is comprised of the following:
In thousands of EUR
Sales and advertising staff costs
Sales and advertising campaigns
Sales and advertising expense
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
For the year ended
8,183
47,836
56,019
Restated
Restated
5,830
40,186
46,016
5,125
31,819
36,944
24 Technology and content expense
Technology and content expense is comprised of the following:
For the year ended
In thousands of EUR
Staff Costs - Technology and content
Technology license and maintenance expenses
Technology and content expense
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
10,930
9,656
20,586
13,136
14,136
27,272
11,691
10,741
22,432
72
25 General and administrative expense
General and administrative expense is comprised of the following:
For the year ended
In thousands of EUR
Staff Costs
Occupancy Costs
Professional fees
Travel and entertainment
Office and related expenses
General sub-contracts
Bank fees & payment costs
Bad debt expense / reversal
Tax expenses
Tax provisions
Depreciation and amortization
Other general and administrative expense
General and administrative expense
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
51,273
3,989
5,257
3,171
4,274
2,214
1,699
3,270
4,615
6,989
1,637
662
89,050
80,494
1,582
14,300
5,232
7,494
5,168
2,893
5,877
5,538
6,068
7,906
1,973
144,525
47,644
5,091
9,830
3,596
5,354
2,835
2,980
4,436
4,778
5,271
2,166
944
94,925
Staff costs expense includes share options granted to eligible employees of EUR 37,267 thousand (2018:
EUR 17,409 thousand).
26 Finance income and finance costs
Finance income and finance costs comprise of the following:
For the year ended
In thousands of EUR
Foreign exchange gain
Interest and similar income
Finance income
Foreign exchange loss
Interest and similar expense
Other
Finance costs
27 Income tax
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
1,978
304
2,282
1,406
62
49
1,517
523
3,436
3,959
—
2,576
—
2,576
1,369
221
1,590
1,145
204
—
1,349
The reconciliation of tax expense and the effective tax rate was as follows:
For the year ended
In thousands of EUR
Loss before income tax
Statutory tax rate
Expected income tax benefit
Non deductible expenses
Non taxable income
Deferred tax asset not recognized
Deferred tax asset (used) / recognized
Income tax expense
Effective tax rate
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
(153,902)
(169,494)
(226,490)
27.39 %
62,036
(26,063)
3,874
(40,271)
(151)
(575)
0.25 %
29.04 %
49,226
(18,826)
890
(32,170)
(7)
(887)
0.52 %
28.34 %
43,615
(29,513)
344
(25,909)
7
(11,456)
7.44 %
73
Income tax expense is comprised of the following:
In thousands of EUR
Current tax
Deferred tax
Total Income tax expense
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
(11,463)
7
(11,456)
(880)
(7)
(887)
(424)
(151)
(575)
Tax losses available for offsetting against future taxable profits, and for which no deferred tax assets were
recognized, were as follows:
In thousands of EUR
Country
Germany
Morocco
Egypt
Nigeria
South Africa
Kenya
Ivory Coast
Ghana
Other
Total
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
Accumulated tax Accumulated tax Accumulated tax
As of
Duration Rate
Indefinite 30.2 %
4 years 30.0 %
5 years 22.5 %
Indefinite 30.0 %
Indefinite 28.0 %
9 Years 30.0 %
5 years 25.0 %
3 years 25.0 %
N/A N/A
loss [gross]
loss [gross]
loss [gross]
(8,961)
(25,342)
(90,148)
(203,482)
(34,327)
(64,812)
(27,005)
(9,848)
(63,829)
(527,754)
—
(25,848)
(61,942)
(145,143)
(28,267)
(39,135)
(19,962)
(5,228)
(32,974)
(358,499)
—
(20,569)
(17,693)
(82,049)
(23,050)
(28,594)
(18,298)
(4,791)
(51,697)
(246,741)
Deferred tax assets have not been recognized in respect of these losses as they may not be used to offset
taxable profits elsewhere in the Group. They have arisen in subsidiaries that have been loss- making for
some time, and there is no other tax planning opportunities or other evidence of recoverability in the near
future.
28 Earnings per share
Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit for the year attributable to ordinary equity holders of the
parent by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year.
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent (after
adjusting for interest on the convertible preference shares) by the weighted average number of ordinary
shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be
issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares.
The following table reflects the income and share data used in the basic and diluted EPS calculations:
In thousands of EUR
Numerator
Loss for the year
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest
Loss attributable to Equity of the Company
Denominator
Weighted average number of shares for basic EPS
Effects of dilution from:
Share options
Weighted average number of shares adjusted for the
effect of dilution
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
(227,065)
(376)
(226,689)
(170,381)
(310)
(170,071)
(165,358)
(3,779)
(161,579)
140,655,697
94,963,796
94,963,796
8,419,896
6,497,213
3,119,765
149,075,593
101,461,009
98,083,561
Loss per share - basic
Loss per share - diluted
(1.61)
(1.52)
(1.79)
(1.68)
(1.70)
(1.65)
74
There have been no other transactions involving ordinary shares or potential ordinary shares between the
reporting date and the date of authorization of these financial statements.
29 Transactions and balances with related parties
Terms and conditions of transactions with related parties
The following is a description of related party transactions the Group has entered into since January 1,
2018, with members of our supervisory or management board, executive officers or holders of more than
10% of any class of our voting securities.
Transactions with MTN
The Group engages in several initiatives with affiliates of our shareholder Mobile Telephone Networks
Holdings (Pty) Ltd. For example, consumers may pay for transactions on Jumia’s platform with MTN’s
mobile money. The Group has also set up dedicated MTN branded online stores on our platform.
In 2019 and 2018, the Group also entered into an agreement in which MTN prepaid for their employees’
purchases in Jumia’s platform through the wallet top-ups, which amounted to EUR 890 thousand (2018:
EUR 1,166 thousand), which have all been converted into revenue during 2019.
The outstanding balances with MTN (current trade and loan receivables and payables) are as follows:
In thousands of EUR
Trade and other receivables
Total Assets
Trade and other payables
Deferred income
Total Liabilities
The income and expense amounts with MTN were as follows:
Note
11
16
20
In thousands of EUR
Revenue
Expenses
Net profit and loss
Transactions with Key management
As of
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
262
262
191
1,166
1,357
371
371
—
—
—
As of
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
661
(487)
174
—
(478)
(478)
Key management includes the senior executives. The compensation paid or payable to key management for
employee services is shown below:
In thousands of EUR
Short-term employee benefits
Other benefits
Share-based compensation
Total
For the year ended
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
3,204
25
11,034
14,263
8,036
47
13,771
21,854
See Note 15 for additional information regarding the share-based compensation plans.
Transactions with Jeremy Hodara
In October 2018, Jeremy Hodara, co-CEO and a member of the management board, sold his entire
participation in Jumia Facilities Management Services LLC (“Jumia Facilities”) to the Group. Jumia
Facilities is a company based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and was incorporated by an individual local
shareholder holding 51% on our behalf and Jeremy Hodara, who held the remaining 49%. The purpose of
Jumia Facilities is limited to the provision of operational services to the Group, such as marketing and
support services. According to Jumia Facilities’ Memorandum of Association, Jeremy Hodara was
appointed managing director of the Jumia Facilities. Jumia Facilities’ operations are financed through loans
75
granted by the Group. Profits and losses of the company are to be borne by the Group as well. The sale of
participation did not result in a change in consolidation or control.
30 Fair Values of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments comprise of financial assets and financial liabilities. Financial assets consist of bank
balances and cash, receivables and due from related parties. Financial liabilities consist of trade payables
and due to related parties.
Management considers that the carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities in the financial
statements approximate their fair values.
31 Financial risk management objectives and policies
The Group is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The risks are monitored by appropriate
management at each level. The Group’s financial risk activities are governed by appropriate policies and
procedures, and financial risks are identified, measured and managed in accordance with the Group’s
policies. The Supervisory Board reviews and approves the policies for managing each of these risks, which
are summarized below.
Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because
of changes in market prices. The Group’s market risk relates to foreign currency risks. Financial instruments
affected by foreign currency risk include cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and trade
and other payables. The Group does not hedge its foreign currency risk.
Foreign currency risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because
of changes in foreign exchange rates. As the Group operates in multiple countries, the exposure to foreign
currency is inherent and is part of the day to day business. The principle characteristics are summarized
below:
- Cash is held in Euros and US dollars at the Group level
- Each foreign entity is funded by Group loans, in Euros or US dollars, on average every six weeks
based on a detailed cash flow forecast
- Foreign exchange risk occurs only at the Group-level.
Foreign currency sensitivity:
The following tables demonstrate the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in Euros and US dollars
and major currencies by the Group (EGP, ZAR, NGN, MAD, GHS, KES, AED), with all other variables
held constant. The Group’s exposure to foreign currency changes for all other currencies is not material.
The Group assessed a possible change of +/- 5% to the all mentioned currencies, and a potential change of
+/- 10% to Egyptian Pound (EGP) and Ghananian Cedi (GHS) due to valuation fluctuations in 2019 of 2%
to 4.28% of all mentioned currencies except for Egypt (EGP) with 13.32% fluctuation and Ghana (GHS)
with 10.92% fluctuation. Intercompany loans bear the majority of the Group’s foreign currency risk as they
are issued and are repayable in Euro or US dollars. Fluctuation of various exchange rates in Africa and the
resulting related foreign exchange gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income.
76
The impacts in the major local currencies are as follows:
In thousands of EUR
Change in EGP/EUR rate
Change in ZAR/EUR
Change in NGN/EUR
Change in MAD/EUR
Change in GHS/EUR
Change in KES/EUR
Change in EGP/USD rate
Change in ZAR/USD
Change in NGN/USD
Change in GHS/USD
Change in KES/USD
Credit risk
Effect on
Effect on
pre-tax equity profit before tax
10 %
(10) %
2,315
(2,315)
110
(110)
5 %
(5) %
(1,003)
1,003
5 %
(5) %
(1,199)
1,199
(1)
1
(51)
51
5 %
(5) %
(1,955)
1,955
189
(189)
10 %
(10) %
558
(558)
5 %
(5) %
663
(663)
80
(80)
32
(32)
10 %
(10) %
(2,585)
2,585
365
(365)
5 %
(5) %
(36)
36
5 %
(5) %
(418)
418
10 %
(10) %
(623)
623
5 %
(5) %
(739)
739
24
(24)
73
(73)
201
(201)
97
(97)
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or
customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Group is exposed to credit risk from its operating
activities (primarily trade receivables) and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and
financial institutions and foreign exchange transactions.
Trade receivables
The Group’s exposure to credit risk of trade receivables is primarily on transactions with corporate
consumers. The Group evaluates this risk through detailed ageing analysis and also detailed analysis of the
credit worthiness of the consumers at each reporting date. The Group follows risk control procedures to
assess the credit quality of the customers taking into account their financial position, past experience and
77
other factors. The compliance with credit limits by corporate customers is regularly monitored by
management.
Sales to retail consumers are required to be settled in cash or using major credit cards, mitigating credit
risk. There are no significant concentrations of credit risk, whether through exposure to Individual
consumers, specific industry sectors and/or regions.
The Group recognizes an allowance for expected credit losses (“ECLs”) applying the simplified approach
permitted by IFRS 9. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognizes a
loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix
that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the
debtors and the economic environment.
On December 31, 2019, certain Group entities (Jumia Facilities, Ecart Internet Services Nigeria Limited,
Ecart Services Ivory Coast SARL, Ecart Services Kenya Limited, Ecart Services Morocco and Jumia Egypt
LLC) entered into the account compensation and settlement agreements with certain international
marketplace vendors. Therefore, the Group has offset associated trade receivables and payables for an
amount f EUR 1,802 thousand as of December 31, 2019. (December 31, 2018, EUR 324 thousand).
The Group does not hold collateral as security. The Group evaluates the concentration of risk with respect
to trade receivables and contract assets as low, as its customers are located in several jurisdictions and
industries and operate in largely independent markets.
As of December 31, 2019, the Group has as an allowance for uncollectible receivables of
EUR 8,283 thousand (2018: EUR 4,254 thousand) as set out in the Note 11. Additionally, the Group has as
an allowance for uncollectible other receivables of EUR 503 thousand (2018: EUR 484 thousand). The total
ECL provision represents 69% (2018: 36%) of the total trade and other receivables.
Cash deposits
Credit risk from balances with banks and financial institutions is managed by the Group’s treasury
department in accordance with the Group’s policy. The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk for the
components of the statement of financial position as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is the carrying amount
as illustrated in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated statement of financial position.
The expected credit losses (“ECL”) from cash and cash equivalents, are estimated by the Group as
immaterial as of January 1, 2018. Therefore, cash and cash equivalents and opening accumulated losses
have not been adjusted accordingly. On December 31, 2019, the impact of measuring ECL for cash and
cash equivalents remains immaterial and therefore not recognized in the consolidated financial statements.
The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 90 days past due. However,
in certain cases, the Group may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external
information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before
taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there
is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows.
The majority of the Group’s cash deposit balances are maintained in Germany. German bank accounts are
secured via the deposit protection fund, which secures all bank deposits up to 20% of the liable equity of
the bank.
Liquidity risk
The primary objective of the Group’s liquidity and capital management is to monitor the availability of
cash and capital in order to support its business expansion and growth. The Group manages its liquidity and
capital structure with reference to economic conditions, performance of its local operations and local
regulations. Funding is managed by a central treasury department that monitors the amounts of funds to be
granted according to Management and Shareholder approval. All funding follows strict operational and
legal monitoring executed by the treasury and legal departments.
In 2019 the Group as secured funding via IPO as described in Note 13. Most of funding is transferred to
operating entities in the form of loans which are eliminated in consolidation.
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As all funds come exclusively from the shareholders and there are no external borrowings, the Group
mitigates the risk of interest.
Based on the cash flow forecast for 2020, the Group has sufficient liquidity as of December 31, 2019 for
the next twelve months.
32 Reclassification and restatement of comparative figures
The comparative figures in the statement of financial position have been reclassified to reflect the adoption
of IFRIC 23.
The prior year figures in the Statement of Operations and comprehensive income (loss) have been restated
to reflect the change in accounting for certain types of vouchers and incentives.
Such reclassifications and restatements have no effect on the previously reported profit or equity of the
Company.
The reclassifications and restatements are summarized as follows:
In thousands of EUR
Statement of financial position
Non current liabilities
2018
2018
As previously As reclassified /
reported
restated
Difference
Provisions for liabilities and other charges
—
389
389
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Income tax payables
Provisions for liabilities and other charges
47,681
147
30,427
47,292
10,882
19,692
(389)
10,735
(10,735)
Statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss)
Revenue
Sales and advertising expense
130,569
47,527
129,058
46,016
(1,511)
(1,511)
In thousands of EUR
Statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss)
Revenue
Sales and advertising expense
Restatements
2017
As previously
reported
2017
As
restated
Difference
94,036
37,926
93,054
36,944
(982)
(982)
2017 and 2018 periods have been restated to reflect the impact of the reclassification of certain types of
vouchers, consumer and partner incentives from Sales & Advertising expense to Revenue. The vouchers
are consideration payable to a customer in accordance with IFRS 15, and are hence accounted for as a
reduction of revenue.
33 Commitments and contingencies
Tax contingencies
The Group has contingent liabilities related to potential tax claims arising in the ordinary course of business.
As of December 31, 2019, there are ongoing tax audits in various countries. Some of these tax enquiries
have resulted in re-assessments, whilst others are still at an early stage and no re-assessment has yet been
raised. Management is required to make estimates and judgments about the ultimate outcome of these
investigations or litigations in determining legal provisions. Final claims or court rulings may differ from
management estimates.
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As of December 31, 2019, the Group has accrued for net tax provisions (excluding Uncertainty over Income
Tax reported above in Note 4 under IFRIC 23 interpretation) in the amount of EUR 25,788 thousand (2018:
EUR 19,675 thousand) as a result of the assessment of potential exposures due to uncertain tax positions as
well as pending and resolved matters with the relevant tax authorities (Note 19).
In addition to the above tax risks, in common with other international groups, the conflict between the
Group’s international operating model, the jurisdictional approach of tax authorities and some domestic tax
requirements in relation to withholding tax and VAT compliance and recoverability rules, could lead to a
further EUR 8,184 thousand in additional uncertainty on tax positions. The likelihood of future economic
outflows with regard to these potential tax claims is however considered as only possible, but not probable.
Accordingly, no provision for a liability has been made in these consolidated financial statements.
The Group may also be subject to other tax claims for which the risk of future economic outflows is
currently evaluated to be remote.
Legal Proceedings with shareholders
Since May 2019, several class action lawsuits have been filed against the company and certain officers in
the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and the Kings County Supreme Court in New
York. The claims in these cases relate to alleged misstatements and omissions of non-financial information
in our initial public offering prospectus and statements made by our company in connection with our initial
public offering. These actions remain in their preliminary stages.
Lease commitments
As disclosed in Note 17, the Group was committed to short term leases which at December 31, 2019
amounts to EUR 158 thousand (2018: EUR 9,230 thousand, Note 4).
Others
The Group is involved in several ongoing cases with suppliers and employees. The Group continuously
reviews and assesses these claims and records provisions based on management judgments and estimates
from consultant at each reporting date.
When assessing the possible outcomes of legal claims and contingencies, the Group takes into consideration
the advice of the legal counsel, which are based on the best of their professional judgment and take into
consideration the current stage of the proceedings and legal experience accumulated with respect to the
various matters. As the results of the claims may ultimately be determined by courts, or otherwise settled,
they may be different from such estimates.
34 Audit fees
In thousands of Euro
Audit fees
Total
35 Subsequent events
As of
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
23
23
45
45
The recent outbreak of a novel and highly contagious form of coronavirus (“COVID-19”), which the World
Health Organization has declared to constitute a pandemic, has resulted in numerous deaths, adversely
impacted global commercial activity and contributed to significant volatility in certain equity and debt
markets. The global impact of the outbreak is rapidly evolving, and many countries have reacted by
instituting quarantines, prohibitions on travel and the closure of offices, businesses, schools, retail stores
and other public venues. Businesses are also implementing similar precautionary measures. Such measures,
as well as the general uncertainty surrounding the dangers and impact of COVID-19, are creating significant
disruption in supply chains and economic activity. Our business could be adversely impacted by the
outbreak of COVID-19.
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As part of our cross-border business, we facilitate orders into Africa from international sellers. The COVID-
19 outbreak has disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, the operations of these international sellers some
of which have been forced to temporarily halt production, close their offices or suspend their services. In
addition, many of our local sellers depend on imported products. The reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic
have posed challenges for our sellers to source products and raw materials. We may incur increased
operating costs as we adapt to new demands of operating during the term of the pandemic and we may
experience disruptions to our operations including to implement enhanced employee safety procedures.
Further, the COVID-19 pandemic has already negatively impacted consumer sentiment in many of our
countries of operation, which has led to a reduction in discretionary spending. While we may benefit from
a shift from offline to online trade, there can be no assurance that the effects of this shift will outweigh the
negative impact caused by a change in consumer sentiment. Any fears among consumers that COVID-19
could be transmitted through goods shipped by us, reduced consumer spending on discretionary items or
the economic consequences of administrative measures to limit the spreading of COVID-19 may
significantly negatively affect our sales. We have also been required to temporarily shut down our
fulfilment center in South Africa. Any further forced or voluntary shut downs of business operations in any
of the geographies in which we have operations may negatively affect our ability to do business, operate
our fulfilment centers, serve our customers and fulfill our administrative tasks.
We are monitoring the potential impact of the outbreak of COVID-19, which could negatively impact our
global business and results of operations in future reporting periods. As COVID-19 continues to spread, the
potential impacts, including a global, regional or other economic recession, are increasingly uncertain and
difficult to assess.
36 Release from the provisions of sec. 264a (1) HGB according to sec. 264b HGB
The companies listed under Section 5 (“Group Information”) make use of the exemption in accordance
with section 264b of the German Commercial Code (HGB) and do not prepare, have audited and disclose
annual financial statements and a management report. The requirements of Section 264b HGB have been
met.
37 Staff costs and employees
The expenses for employee benefits for the fiscal year are as follows:
In thousands of Euro
Wages and salaries
Share options granted (Note 15)
Social security costs
Total
As of
December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018
60,011
17,409
4,714
82,134
80,246
37,267
5,172
122,685
The average number of employees as of December 31, 2019 was 5,460 (2018: 4,622).
Berlin, April 28, 2020
The Management Board
Sacha Poignonnec
Jeremy Hodara
81